Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders

Definitions

• the disclosure further relates to pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing, and methods of treatment.
• BACKGROUND Small molecule drugs have found utility in a wide range of diseases and conditions. Some act as antagonists by blocking or dampening a biological response. Some act as agonists by activating a biological response. Others can function as both. [004] While many small molecule drugs are known, there is a need for new and different therapeutic agents. For example, according to National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, about 2.5 million people world-wide, including some 400,000 people in the United States, suffer from multiple sclerosis (“MS”). While there are some drugs that are available for the treatment of MS, not everyone responds well to the available medications.
• MS multiple sclerosis
• diseases or conditions where a need exists include autoimmune disorders such as lupus, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis, Sjogren's syndrome, dry eye, multiple sclerosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, or rheumatoid arthritis.
• autoimmune disorders such as lupus, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis, Sjogren's syndrome, dry eye, multiple sclerosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, or rheumatoid arthritis.
• BTK Bruton tyrosine kinase
• BTK a member of the Tec family non-receptor tyrosine kinases
• B cells and other hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, macrophages and mast cells. It functions in various aspects of B cell function that maintain the B cell repertoire (see Gauld S. B. et al., B cell antigen receptor signaling: roles in cell development and disease. Science, 296:1641-2.2002).
• B cells play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (see Perosa F., et al., CD20-depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases: from basic research to the clinic. J Intern Med.267:260-77.2010 and Dörner T, et al. Targeting B cells in immune-mediated inflammatory disease: a comprehensive review of mechanisms of action and identification of biomarkers. Pharmacol Ther.125:464-75.2010 and Honigberg, L., et. al., The selective BTK inhibitor PCI-32765 blocks B cell and mast cell activation and prevents mouse collagen-induced arthritis. Clin.
• a compound of Formula Ia or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 90% pure. [0013] In another embodiment, disclosed herein is a compound of Formula Ib: or a salt thereof, wherein the compound or salt thereof is about 90% pure. [0014] In a further embodiment, disclosed herein is a compound of Formula II or salt thereof, wherein the compound or salt thereof is about 99.6% pure. [0015] In another embodiment, disclosed herein is a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and at least one compound chosen from: , and , or a salt thereof. [0016] In a further embodiment, disclosed herein is a method of preparing a compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof, the method comprising reacting a compound of Formula VIa
• a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” means a carrier or an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes a carrier or an excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use.
• “A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used in the specification and claims includes both one and more than one such carrier or excipient.
• Treating” or “treatment” of a disease includes: (1) preventing the disease, e.g., causing the clinical symptoms of the disease not to develop in a patient, e.g., a human patient, that may have been exposed to or predisposed to the disease but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease; (2) inhibiting the disease, e.g., arresting or reducing the development of the disease or its clinical symptoms; or (3) relieving the disease, e.g., causing regression of the disease or its clinical symptoms.
• “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may but need not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” means the amount of the 4- amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one derivative or salt thereof, that, when administered to a patient, e.g., a human patient for treating a disease, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease.
• the “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the disease and its severity and the age, weight, etc., of the patient, e.g., a human patient to be treated.
• the compounds are 4-amino-3- (4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one derivatives and salts thereof.
• the compounds are about 50% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 55% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 60% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 65% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 70% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 75% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 80% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 85% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 90% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 95% pure.
• the compounds are about 98% pure. In some embodiments, the compounds are about 99% pure. [0031] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula I: or a salt thereof. [0032] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula Ia:
• the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 90% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 95% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 98% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 99% pure. [0033] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula Ib: or a salt thereof, wherein the compound or salt thereof is about 90% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is about 95% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is about 98% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is about 99% pure.
• a compound of Formula II or salt thereof wherein the compound or salt thereof is about 99.6% pure. In some embodiments, the compound is or salt thereof, wherein the compound or salt thereof is about 90% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula IIa or salt thereof is about 95% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula IIa or salt thereof is about 98% pure. In some instances, the compound is or salt thereof, wherein the compound or salt thereof is about 90% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula IIb or salt thereof is about 95% pure. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula IIb or salt thereof is about 98% pure.
• compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and compounds which are variants or derivatives of 4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one or salts thereof.
• composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and at least one compound chosen from:
• composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and at least one compound chosen from:
• At least one compound or salt thereof is present in an effective amount.
• a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a compound of Formula Ia or a salt thereof.
• the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is at least about 98% pure.
• a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a compound of Formula Ib or a salt thereof.
• the compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is at least about 99% pure.
• compositions according to the disclosure may take a form suitable for oral, buccal, parenteral, nasal, topical, or rectal administration, or a form suitable for administration by inhalation.
• the compounds described herein can be used in the preparation of a composition, such as a pharmaceutical composition, by combining the compound as an active ingredient with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; surfactants, such as polysorbate 80 (i.e., Tween 80); powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; suppository bases, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; al
• compositions may be prepared by known pharmaceutical methods. Suitable formulations can be found in, for example, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 21st ed. (2005), which is incorporated herein by reference. [0043] Wetting agents, emulsifiers and lubricants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, release agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the compositions.
• antioxidants examples include: water soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like; oil-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lecithin, propyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol and the like; and metal chelating agents, such as citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
• water soluble antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite and the like
• oil-soluble antioxidants such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lecithin, prop
• compositions of the disclosure suitable for oral administration may be in the form of capsules, cachets, pills, tablets, lozenges (using a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth), powders, granules or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid or as an oil-in-water or water-in- oil liquid emulsion or as an elixir or syrup or as pastilles (using an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia) or as mouth washes and the like, each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of the present disclosure as an active ingredient.
• a compound of the present disclosure may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.
• the active ingredient is mixed with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate or any of the following: fillers or extenders, such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol or silicic acid; binders, such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sucrose or acacia; humectants, such as glycerol; disintegrating agents, such as agar- agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates and sodium carbonate; solution retarding agents, such as paraffin; absorption accelerators, such as quaternary ammonium compounds; wetting agents,
• pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate or any of the following: fillers or extenders, such as star
• the pharmaceutical compositions may also comprise buffering agents.
• Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard- shelled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugars, as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
• a tablet may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared using a binder (for example, gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, disintegrant (for example, sodium starch glycolate or cross- linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), surface-active or dispersing agent.
• Molded tablets may be made in a suitable machine in which a mixture of the powdered compound is moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
• the tablets and other solid dosage forms of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may optionally be scored or prepared with coatings and shells, such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical-formulating art. They may also be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired release profile, other polymer matrices, liposomes or microspheres. They may be formulated for rapid release, e.g., freeze- dried.
• compositions may be sterilized by, for example, filtration through a bacteria- retaining filter or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions that can be dissolved in sterile water or some other sterile injectable medium immediately before use.
• These compositions may also optionally contain opacifying agents and may be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only or in a certain portion of the gastrointestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
• embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
• the active ingredient can also be in micro- encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-described excipients.
• Liquid dosage forms for oral administration of the compounds of the disclosure include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
• the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan and mixtures thereof.
• inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and
• the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, coloring, perfuming and preservative agents.
• adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, coloring, perfuming and preservative agents.
• Suspensions in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth and mixtures thereof. IV.
• methods of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a derivative of 4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one or salt thereof.
• kits for treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of a derivative of 4-amino-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one or salt thereof.
• the method is a method of treating MS.
• the method is a method of treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia: or a salt thereof.
• the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 90% pure.
• the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 95% pure.
• the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 98% pure.
• the compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is about 99% pure.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is a method of treating MS.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof is a method of treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ib: or a salt thereof, wherein the compound or salt thereof is about 90% pure.
• the compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is about 95% pure.
• the compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is about 98% pure.
• the compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is about 99% pure.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof is a method of treating MS.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula la or salt thereof is a of treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula II:
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula II or salt thereof is a method of treating MS.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula II or salt thereof is a of treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• the compound is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoe)-2-aminoethyl
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIa or salt thereof is a method of treating MS.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIa or salt thereof is a of treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• the compound is administered to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIa or salt thereof.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIb or salt thereof is a method of treating MS.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIb or salt thereof is a of treating an autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula II, and Formula III or salt thereof is a method of treating MS.
• the method of treatment comprising administering to a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula II, and Formula III, or salt thereof is a method of treating an autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• compositions for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprising an effective amount of a derivative of 4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one or salt thereof.
• compositions for use as a medicament for treating a patient comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of a derivative of 4-amino-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one or salt thereof.
• the medicament is for treating MS.
• the medicament is for treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia:
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof for treating MS.
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof for treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ib:
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof for treating MS.
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula Ia or salt thereof for treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula II:
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula II or salt thereof for treating MS.
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula II or salt thereof for treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• the compound is
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIa or salt thereof for treating MS.
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIa or salt thereof for treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• the compound is
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIb or salt thereof for treating MS.
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula IIb or salt thereof for treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient, e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula II, and Formula III or salt thereof is for treating MS.
• the composition for use as a medicament for treating a patient e.g., a human patient, in need thereof comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula II, and Formula III, and/or salt thereof is for treating an autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient
• an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula II, and Formula III, and/or salt thereof is for treating an autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• an autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
• V. Methods of Synthesis [0080] In one aspect, provided herein are methods of synthesizing and preparing derivatives of 4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- imi
• the method comprising reacting a compound of Formula VIa with acryloyl chloride. [0082] In some embodiments, the method further comprises preparing a compound of Formula VIa from a compound of Formula IX
• a method of preparing a compound of Formula Ib or salt thereof comprising reacting a compound of Formula VIb
• the method further comprises preparing a compound of Formula VIb from a compound of Formula VII by acid-based deprotection.
• the method further comprises preparing a compound of Formula VII from a compound of Formula VIII
• the method further comprises preparing a compound of Formula VIII from a compound of Formula IX with triphenylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate.
• the azodicarboxylate is chosen from diethyl azodicarboxylate and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate. In some embodiments, the azodicarboxylate is diisopropyl azodicarboxylate.
• a method of preparing a compound of Formula IV or salt thereof comprising reacting (4R)-5-amino-4-[4-amino-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]pentanoic acid with acryloyl chloride.
• the method further comprises preparing (4R)-5-amino-4-[4-amino-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1- yl]pentanoic acid, or a salt thereof, from (4R)-4-[4-[bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-5- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid by acid deprotection.
• the method further comprises preparing from (4R)-4-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid, or a salt thereof, from tert-butyl (5R)-5-[4- [bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin- 1-yl]-2-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate by ring-opening in the presence of a base.
• the method further comprises preparing tert-butyl (5R)-5-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-2-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate, or salt thereof, from tert-butyl (3R)-3-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate by an electrochemical reaction utilizing a mediator and an electrolyte.
• the mediator is quinucleidine.
• the electrolyte is tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate.
• the method further comprises preparing 4- amino-1-[(1R)-1-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-butyl]-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one, or salt thereof, from tert-butyl N- tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[1-[(1R)-1-[(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl]-4-hydroxy- butyl]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl]carbamate by acid deprotection.
• the method further comprises preparing tert- butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[1-[(1R)-1-[(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl]-4- hydroxy-butyl]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl]carbamate, or salt thereof, from tert-butyl (5R)-5-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3- (4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-2-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate by ring-opening in the presence of a base.
• the method further comprises preparing tert- butyl (5R)-5-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-2-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate, or salt thereof, from tert-butyl (3R)-3-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate by an electrochemical reaction utilizing a mediator and an electrolyte.
• the mediator is quinucleidine.
• the electrolyte is tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate. Table 1. Abbreviations and names used in the following examples and elsewhere herein include:
• Step 1 A reactor under nitrogen atmosphere was charged with DMF (21.5 mL).2,4-dichloro 3 nitropyridine (SM1) (4.3 g, 22.28mmol, 1.0eq) was added at 20 ⁇ 5 °C. After stirring for 5 minutes, triethylamine (4.75 mL, 33.81mmol, 1.5eq) was added and the mixture was cooled to 0 ⁇ 5 °C.
• SM1 2,4-dichloro 3 nitropyridine
• Step 2 Next step was immediately carried out in one pot by charging triethylamine (4.75 mL, 33.81mmol, 1.5eq) and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N- [(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methanamine (5.7 g, 22.28mmol, 1.0eq). The reaction solution was warmed to 40 ⁇ 45 o C and stirred at this temperature for 62 hours.
• Step 3 Tert-butyl (3R,5S)-3-[[2-[bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl] amino]-3-nitro-4-pyridyl]amino]-5-hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylate (111) (14.7 g, 24.76 mmol, 1eq) (theoretical quantity) was dissolved in AcOEt (73.5 mL) and charged in a reactor. The reactor was inerted under vacuum and filled with nitrogen for five times, wet 10% Pd/C (2.64 g, 20 wt.%) was added, the reactor was inerted under vacuum and filled with nitrogen for five times and the reactor was then inerted under vacuum and filled with hydrogen for three times.
• Step 4 In a reactor were charged THF (60 mL), tert-butyl (3R,5S)-3-[[2-[bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-3-nitro-4-pyridyl]amino]-5- hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylate (112) (12.0 g, 20.21mmol, 1.0eq) and triethylamine (4.4 mL, 40.42mmol, 2.0eq). The solution was stirred 10 min at 20 ⁇ 5 °C, then triphosgene (1.07 mL, 6.46mmol, 0.32eq) was added in 3 batches and the resulting solution was stirred for 1.5 hour at 20 ⁇ 25 o C.
• Step 5 A solution of tert-butyl (3R,5S)-3-[4-[bis[(4- methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-oxo-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-hydroxy- piperidine-1-carboxylate (113) (10.0 g, 16.95mmol, 1.0 eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 (70 mL) was stirred 10 minutes at 20 ⁇ 5°C, then cooled to 5 ⁇ 5 °C; TFA (10 mL) was added slowly so the temperature was kept ⁇ 10 °C.
• reaction solution was stirred for 30 minutes at 5 ⁇ 5 °C, warmed to 40 ⁇ 5 °C, then stirred for 14 hours.
• HPLC analysis was performed to check that starting material was ⁇ 1.0 %.
• the reaction mass was cooled to 15 ⁇ 25 o C.
• the pH was adjusted to 9-10 with NaCO 3 aq.
• the aqueous phase containing 4-amino-1-[(3R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-piperidyl]-3H- imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (117) was separated and kept to be engaged directly in next step.
• Step 6 To the aqueous solution containing 4-amino-1- [(3R,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-piperidyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (117) cooled to 5 ⁇ 5 °C was added CH 2 Cl 2 (40 mL), and a solution of Boc 2 O (3.7 g, 16.95mmol, 1.0 eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) dropwise at 5 ⁇ 5°C. The solution was warmed to 15 ⁇ 25 o C and stirred for 42 hours at 20 ⁇ 25 o C. HPLC analysis was performed to check that starting material was ⁇ 3.0 %.
• Step 7 In a reactor were charged CH 2 Cl 2 (21.6mL) and tert- butyl (3R,5S)-3-(4-amino-2-oxo-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl)-5-hydroxy- piperidine-1-carboxylate (118) (5.4 g, 15.45mmol, 1.0eq). The suspension was stirred for 10 minutes. After adding N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (6.1 mL, 46.35mmol, 3.0eq) at 20 ⁇ 5 °C, the solution became clear. Upon stirring for 20 hours at 20 ⁇ 5 °C, a solid precipitated. HPLC analysis was performed to check that starting material was ⁇ 2.0 %.
• Step 8 In a reactor at 20 ⁇ 5 o C were charged CH 2 Cl 2 (75 mL), Cu(OAc) 2 (561.2 mg, 3.09mmol, 0.5eq), 2,2'-Dipyridyl (482 mg, 3.09mmol, 0.5eq), Cs 2 CO 3 (4.02 g, 12.36mmol, 2.0eq.), 4 ⁇ MS (2.5 g, 1.0 w/w) and tert-butyl (3R,5S)-3-[4-[(Z)-dimethylaminomethyleneamino]-2-oxo-3H-imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylate (7) (2.5 g, 6.18mmol, 1.0eq).
• Step 9 Tert-butyl (3R,5S)-3-[4-[(Z)- dimethylaminomethyleneamino]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylate (8) (0.3 g, 0.52mmol, 1.0eq.) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (1.5 mL). To this solution, aqueous HCl solution (3 N, 3 mL) was added dropwise at 20 ⁇ 5 °C. The solution was stirred at 30 ⁇ 35°C for 2 hours and at 60 ⁇ 65°C for 14 hours. HPLC analysis was performed to check that starting material was ⁇ 1.0 %.
• Step 10 The previous solution of 4-amino-1-[(3R,5S)-5- hydroxy-3-piperidyl]-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (11A) (164 mg, 0.39mmol, 1eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 was cooled to 0 ⁇ 5°C, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (133 ⁇ L, 0.78mmol, 2.0 eq) and trimethyl silyl chloride (50 ⁇ L, 0.39mmol, 1.0 eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 (2.5 ml) were charged, the solution was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 ⁇ 5°C.
• Step 9B In a reactor inerted with azote, THF (12.5 mL), DIAD (683 ⁇ L, 3.48mmol, 4.0eq), and Ph 3 P (912 mg, 3.48mmol, 4.0eq) were charged.
• reaction mass was cooled to 0 ⁇ 5 o C, then tert-butyl (3R,5S)-3-[4- [(Z)-dimethylaminomethyleneamino]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylate (8) (0.5 g, 0.87mmol, 1.0eq) was added to the reactor.
• the reaction mass was stirred for 10 minutes at 0 ⁇ 5 o C, 4-nitro benzoic acid (291 mg, 1.74mmol, 2.0eq) was added to the reactor and the reaction was stirred a further 2 hours at 0 ⁇ 5 o C.
• Step 10B MeOH (9 mL), tert-butyl (3R,5R)-3-[4-[(Z)- dimethylaminomethyleneamino]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5- c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-(4-nitrobenzoyl)oxy-piperidine-1-carboxylate (9B) (0.45 g, 0.62mmol, 1.0eq) and K2CO 3 (258 mg, 1.87mmol, 3.0eq) were charged to a flask. The reaction mixture was stirred for 14 hours at 15 ⁇ 20 o C. HPLC analysis showed that no starting material was left.
• Step 11B To a flask were charged CH 2 Cl 2 (1 mL), tert-butyl (3R,5R)-3-[4-[(Z)-dimethylaminomethyleneamino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylate (10B) (0.16 g, 0.28mmol, 1eq) and HCl aq (3.0M, 2 mL). The solution was stirred for 2 hours at 25 ⁇ 30 o C, then for 14 hours at 60 ⁇ 65 o C. HPLC analysis showed that no starting material remained.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to 15 ⁇ 20 o C, and CH 2 Cl 2 (15 ml) and H 2 O (30 ml) were added to the flask.
• the organic phase was separated.
• CH 2 Cl 2 (30ml) was added to the aqueous phase, the pH value of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 9-10 with saturated Na 2 CO 3 aq.
• the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was re-extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (30 mL x 2).
• Step 12B To a solution of 4-amino-1-[(3R,5R)-5-hydroxy-3- piperidyl]-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (11B) (0.11 g, 0.26mmol, 1eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 (44mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (177 ⁇ L, 1.04mmol, 4.0eq). The solution was cooled to -5 ⁇ 0 o C, and a solution of trimethyl silyl chloride (33 ⁇ L, 0.26mmol, 1.0eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 (2.5 ml) was added dropwise.
• Step 1 To a flask under an argon atmosphere were added CH 2 Cl 2 and the oxalate salt of 4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1-[ (3R)-3- piperidyl]imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (1.3g, 2.66mmol, 1eq). To the suspension was then charged DMAP (487mg, 3.98mmol, 1.5eq), DIEA (1.35mL, 7.97mmol, 3eq) and Boc 2 O (2.90g, 13.28mmol, 5eq). The starting material dissolved, and the reaction mass became limpid. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours.
• Step 2 To a solution of tert-butyl (3R)-3-[4-[bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1- yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (2) (1g, 1.42mmol, 1eq) in MeCN/H 2 O/CCl 4 (15mL/20mL/15mL) were added NaIO 4 (1.22g, 5.7mmol, 4eq) and RuCl 3 .xH 2 O (32mg, 142 ⁇ mol, 0.1eq) in that order. The reaction was a light brown mixture.
• Step 2 Electrochemical process – Using Electrasyn 2.0 (IKA) with 20 mL vial setup, to a solution of tert-butyl (3R)-3-[4-[bis(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1- yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (2) (300 mg, 0.43 mmol, 1eq) in MeCN (12 mL) were added quinuclidine as a mediator (2eq, 0.86 mmol, 95 mg), 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoropropan-2-ol (“HFIP”) (11eq, 4.70 mmol, 790 mg) and tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate as an electrolyte (2.05eq, 0.88 mmol, 141 mg).
• IKA Electrasyn 2.0
• Vial cap set (Working Electrode) RVC – Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Foam as the anode and Ni Foam as the cathode.
• the electrochemical reaction was conducted in galvanostatic mode; constant current of 8 mA with no polarity switch. Total load 16 Faradays per mol at room temperature.
• the reaction was monitored by LC/MS.
• the reaction was poured into ice water, then a 1M solution of sodium thiosulfate was added.
• the aqueous phase was washed with ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to provide the crude product.
• Step 4 In a flask under argon atmosphere, were charged CH 2 Cl 2 (5mL), (4R)-4-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-5-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid (720mg, 0.98mmol, 1eq) (4), and TFA (2mL). The mixture was stirred 6 hours at room temperature.
• Step 5 To a suspension of (4R)-5-amino-4-[4-amino-2-oxo- 3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]pentanoic acid (5) (425mg, 0.98mmol, 1eq) and CH 2 Cl 2 (6mL), DMF (0.5mL) was added in order to solubilize the starting material. Then, the reaction solution was cooled to 0°C, DIEA (343 ⁇ L, 1.96mmol, 2eq) was charged and a solution of acryloyl chloride (41 ⁇ L, 0.49mmol, 0.5eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 (2mL) was added dropwise.
• DIEA 343 ⁇ L, 1.96mmol, 2eq
• Step 3 To a flask under argon atmosphere at room temperature, were added tert-butyl (5R)-5-[4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl]-2-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylate (3) (280mg, 0.39mmol, 1eq), MeOH (8mL), NaBH4 (148mg, 3.9mmol, 10eq).
• Step 4 To the starting material tert-butyl N-tert- butoxycarbonyl-N-[1-[(1R)-1-[(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl]-4-hydroxy- butyl]-2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl]carbamate (4) (216mg, 0.30mmol, 1eq) was added HCl in dioxane (15mL). The solution was stirred 2 hours at room temperature.
• Step 5 To a flask under argon atmosphere were added 4- amino-1-[(1R)-1-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-butyl]-3-(4- phenoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (125mg, 0.29mmol, 1eq) (5) and CH 2 Cl 2 (2mL).
• reaction solution was cooled to 0°C, after charging DIEA (104 ⁇ L, 0.59mmol, 2eq), and a solution of acryloyl chloride (12.5 ⁇ L, 0.15mmol, 0.5eq) in CH 2 Cl 2 (1mL) was added dropwise. The solution was kept at 0°C and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mass was hydrolyzed with H 2 O and extracted with AcOEt.
• Example 5 BTK(h) Study
• Compounds of Formula Ib, Formula II, and Formula III were tested against BTK(h) as described herein. All compounds tested were prepared to a working stock of 50x final assay concentration in 100% DMSO. Where appropriate, more concentrated stocks were diluted manually to 50x using 100% DMSO. Compounds, which were powders, were reconstituted to a 10 mM stock in 100% DMSO before further dilution to 50x.
• Assay procedure The required volume of the 50x stock of test compound was added to the assay well before a reaction mix containing the enzyme and substrate was added. The reaction was initiated by the addition of ATP at the selected concentration.
• Results are expressed as kinase activity remaining, as a percentage of the DMSO control. This is calculated using the following formula: [00128] For IC 50 determinations, data are analyzed using XLFit version 5.3 (ID Business Solutions). Sigmoidal dose-response (variable slope) curves are fit based on the mean result for each test concentration using non- linear regression analysis. Where the top and/or bottom of the curve fall >10% outwith 100 and 0, respectively, either or both of these limits may be constrained at 100 and 0, provided that the QC criterion on R 2 is met. [00129] Results are as shown in Table 2.
• D 1 (h) Binding Assay The general procedure is noted below. See Zhou, Q.Y. et al. (1990), Nature, 347: 76-80. Minor variations to the experimental protocol described below may have occurred during the testing but if so, they had no impact on the quality of the results obtained. [00136] The compound of Formula III showed significant activity in this assay, exhibiting 80% inhibition. [00137] H 2 (h) Binding Assay: The general procedure is noted below. See Leurs, R. et al. (1994), Brit. J. Pharmacol., 112: 847-854. Minor variations to the experimental protocol described below may have occurred during the testing but if so, they had no impact on the quality of the results obtained.
• Norepinephrine transporter (h) Binding Assay The general procedure is noted below. See Pacholczyk, T. et al. (1991), Nature, 350: 350-354. Minor variations to the experimental protocol described below may have occurred during the testing but if so, they had no impact on the quality of the results obtained. n [00146] The compound of Formula III showed significant activity in this assay, exhibiting 66.7% inhibition. EQUIVALENTS [00147] The foregoing written specification is considered to be sufficient to enable one skilled in the art to practice the embodiments. The foregoing description and Examples detail certain embodiments and describes the best mode contemplated by the inventors.
• the term about refers to a numeric value, including, for example, whole numbers, fractions, and percentages, whether or not explicitly indicated.
• the term about generally refers to a range of numerical values (e.g., +/-5-10% of the recited range) that one of ordinary skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value (e.g., having the same function or result).
• the terms modify all of the values or ranges provided in the list.
• the term about may include numerical values that are rounded to the nearest significant figure.

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