WO2022131595A1 - 플렉서블 전극 소재 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
플렉서블 전극 소재 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022131595A1 WO2022131595A1 PCT/KR2021/017064 KR2021017064W WO2022131595A1 WO 2022131595 A1 WO2022131595 A1 WO 2022131595A1 KR 2021017064 W KR2021017064 W KR 2021017064W WO 2022131595 A1 WO2022131595 A1 WO 2022131595A1
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- electrode material
- flexible electrode
- graphene film
- metal oxide
- present
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical group [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000349 field-emission scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flexible electrode material and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a zinc-ion battery is composed of a zinc anode, an oxide cathode, an electrolyte, and a separator, and is attracting attention as a next-generation flexible portable energy storage device because of its excellent stability, eco-friendliness, and high specific capacity.
- zinc is a very safe material, has low cost and environmentally friendly advantages, is relatively stable compared to lithium, sodium and potassium, and has a theoretical capacity. High energy density and long lifespan of the battery can be realized due to its high compatibility with electrolytes.
- zinc ions are inserted and desorbed from the cathode to the zinc electrode during charging, and zinc ions are inserted and desorbed from the cathode during discharging.
- the storage degree of zinc ions in the cathode is the most important factor in determining the energy storage performance of the zinc-ion battery, and it is very important to select an appropriate cathode material.
- vanadium-based electrode materials such as VS 2 , V 2 O 5 and VO 2 having high specific capacity and excellent long-term stability have been studied, but there is a problem in that application is difficult due to high cost and toxicity.
- manganese oxide has advantages such as low cost, good theoretical capacity, and high operating voltage, making it suitable as an electrode material for zinc-ion batteries. It shows low cycling stability.
- the present invention is to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a flexible electrode material capable of improving the energy storage performance, capacity retention rate, and cycling stability of a zinc-ion battery, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- One aspect of the present invention is a graphene film; and a free-standing metal oxide formed on the graphene film.
- the graphene film may include graphene or a plurality of stacked graphenes.
- the graphene film may be surface-activated, and oxygen (O)-containing functional groups may be present on the surface.
- the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -MnO 2 , ⁇ -MnO 2 , ⁇ -MnO 2 , ⁇ -MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 and V 2 O 5 ⁇ nH 2 O It may include one or more.
- the content of the metal oxide may be 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
- a length of the metal oxide in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the graphene film may be 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the metal oxide may be directly bonded to the surface of the graphene film.
- the flexible electrode material may be binder-free.
- the electrode may be for a zinc ion battery.
- Another aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a mixed solution by dissolving graphene and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in a solvent; forming a graphene film by casting the mixed solution on a mesh and heating; separating the graphene film from the mesh; And after floating the graphene film in the metal oxide precursor solution, the step of stirring the metal oxide precursor solution; provides a method of manufacturing a flexible electrode material comprising a.
- PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride
- the mixed solution is to be cast on a mesh (mesh) in a doctor blade method, the heating may be performed at a temperature of 50 °C to 150 °C.
- separating the graphene film from the mesh; Thereafter, the step of activating the surface of the separated graphene film; may further include.
- the metal oxide is manganese oxide
- the metal oxide precursor solution may include potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and deionized water (DIW).
- the stirring may be performed for 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the flexible electrode material according to the present invention has an effect of improving energy storage performance, capacity retention rate, and cycling stability by directly forming a freestanding metal oxide on a graphene film, and has excellent flexibility and waterproof properties.
- the method for manufacturing a flexible electrode material according to the present invention can solve problems such as a decrease in battery capacity and low cycling stability due to the binder by selectively growing a metal oxide on a graphene film without a binder or an additive, There is an advantage in that an electrode material having excellent flexibility and electrochemical performance can be manufactured in a relatively simple manner.
- the zinc-ion battery including the flexible electrode material according to the present invention may have excellent electrochemical performance, stability, flexibility and waterproof properties, and can be implemented as both an aqueous zinc-ion battery and an all-solid zinc-ion battery It works.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a structural form of an electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 3A to 3I are images showing morphological and structural characteristics of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3a is a photograph showing the bent state of the surface-activated graphene film.
- 3b and 3e are FE-SEM images of the surface-activated graphene film.
- 3c and 3g are FE-SEM images of the flexible electrode material of Example 1.
- 3D and 3H are FE-SEM images of the flexible electrode material of Example 2.
- 3e and 3i are FE-SEM images of the flexible electrode material of Example 3;
- 4A and 4B are cross-sectional FE-SEM images of the flexible electrode material of Example 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Example 2 flexible electrode material is a cross-sectional FE-SEM image (scale bar 500 nm) of Example 2 flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional FE-SEM image (scale bar 50 nm) of the flexible electrode material of Example 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is an enlarged view of the rectangular marked portion of FIG. 4A .
- 5A to 5C are HR-TEM images and EDS mapping images of the flexible electrode material of Example 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5b is a high-resolution HR-TEM image of the flexible electrode material of Example 2, and is an enlarged view of the square marked portion of FIG. 5a.
- 5c is an EDS mapping image of the flexible electrode material of Example 2.
- 6A to 6D are TGA, XRD, and XPS results of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6A is a TGA result of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6B is an XRD result of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6C is an XPS result of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6D is an XPS result of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 7A is a Nyquist plot of a cell manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- 7B is a graph showing the relationship between Z real and ⁇ -1 / 2 in cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- 7C is a graph showing the Zn ion diffusion coefficient of cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- 8A and 8B are graphs showing the electrochemical performance of cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- 8A shows the rate performance of cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3 at a potential in the range of 1.0-1.9 V and a current density in the range of 0.1-2.0 Ag -1 .
- 8B is a graph showing the change in capacity for 300 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g -1 of cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- Example 9 is a comparison of the energy and power density of a cell fabricated using the electrode material of Example 2 with another reported energy storage device using an electrolyte solution by Ragone plot.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a structure of an all-solid zinc ion battery using a flexible electrode material mill-gel electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 11A to 11C show the lifetime performance and cycling stability of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery using a flexible electrode material mill-gel electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 11A shows rate performance at a potential in the range of 1.0-1.9 V and a current density in the range of 0.3-1.0 Ag -1 of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 11B is a Ragone plot comparing the energy and power density of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention to previously reported all-solid-state energy storage devices.
- 11C shows the cycling stability at a current density of 0.5 Ag ⁇ 1 under conditions of flat and folded states and the presence and absence of water of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- One aspect of the present invention is a graphene film; and a free-standing metal oxide formed on the graphene film.
- the flexible electrode material according to the present invention is characterized in that the metal oxide is bonded to the surface of the graphene film without a binder, thereby having flexibility as well as improved electrochemical performance.
- the flexible electrode material according to the present invention does not contain a binder, charge mobility is improved, and a free-standing metal oxide is uniformly formed on the graphene film, thereby improving zinc ion diffusion ability. .
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a flexible electrode material can be obtained by selectively growing manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), which is a metal oxide, on a graphene film.
- MnO 2 manganese dioxide
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a structural form of an electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the graphene film having flexibility serves as a current collector and a platform for uniformly growing metal oxide on the surface, and on the graphene film
- the metal oxide (MnO 2 ) grown in a needle shape can improve the diffusion capacity and shear migration properties of zinc ions, thereby improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of the battery at high current densities.
- the flexible electrode material according to the present invention has an effect applicable to an all-solid-state battery using a gel electrolyte.
- the free-standing metal oxide is a metal oxide standing in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the graphene film, and may be independently bonded without a separate binder or support.
- the free-standing metal oxide is attached on the surface of the graphene film without a separate binder or additive, thereby suppressing a sudden decrease in capacity and cycling stability of the battery due to the use of the binder or additive.
- the performance of the battery can be improved by preventing side reactions and decomposition of active materials due to the use of binders or additives, and improving ion diffusion ability and charge mobility.
- the free-standing metal oxide may be in the form of a needle, and may be formed in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the graphene film.
- the free-standing metal oxide may be uniformly distributed on the graphene film.
- the uniform distribution of the free-standing metal oxide may improve the diffusion ability of zinc ions.
- the graphene film may include graphene or a plurality of stacked graphenes.
- the graphene film may include one graphene or may have a stacked form of a plurality of graphenes.
- the graphene film may have a layered structure including a plurality of stacked graphenes, thereby ensuring flexibility.
- the graphene film may serve as a current collector and has an advantage of excellent chemical resistance.
- the graphene film may be surface-activated, and oxygen (O)-containing functional groups may be present on the surface.
- the low wettability of graphene acts as a factor preventing contact of ions in solution with carbon during aqueous synthesis.
- the surface activation may be an acid treatment or an etching process using an acid.
- the acid treatment or the etching process using an acid may be using an acidic aqueous solution.
- oxygen-containing functional groups are formed on the surface of the graphene film, and surface defects are generated, so that the metal oxide can be effectively synthesized on the surface of the graphene film.
- the graphene film may be impurity-free.
- the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -MnO 2 , ⁇ -MnO 2 , ⁇ -MnO 2 , ⁇ -MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 and V 2 O 5 ⁇ nH 2 O It may include one or more.
- the manganese oxide has advantages of not only being low in cost, but also complying with a theoretical capacity and realizing a high operating voltage.
- the metal oxide may be ⁇ -MnO 2 .
- the ⁇ -MnO 2 can accommodate a relatively large number of zinc ions, thereby implementing the effect of increasing the specific capacity of the electrode.
- the content of the metal oxide may be 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
- the content of the metal oxide is less than the above range, the effect as an active material cannot be expressed, and when it exceeds the above range, ion diffusion ability and charge mobility are rather reduced, which may result in degradation of electrochemical performance.
- a length of the metal oxide in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the graphene film may be 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the length of the metal oxide in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the graphene film may be 50 nm to 150 nm, more preferably, 80 nm to 130 nm, even more preferably For example, it may be 100 nm to 120 nm.
- the electrochemical performance may be deteriorated as the void space on the surface of the graphene film increases, and when it exceeds the above range Aggregation of metal oxides may occur, reducing zinc ion diffusion ability and charge mobility, thereby reducing electrochemical performance and stability.
- the metal oxide may be directly bonded to the surface of the graphene film.
- the metal oxide is directly synthesized and grown on the surface of the graphene film, and may be directly bonded without a separate binder.
- the flexible electrode material may be binder-free.
- the flexible electrode material according to the present invention does not contain a binder or an additive, side reactions and decomposition of the active material due to the binder or additive can be prevented, and the ion diffusion ability and charge mobility of the electrode can be improved.
- the electrode may be for a zinc ion battery.
- the zinc ion battery may be an aqueous zinc ion battery or an all-solid zinc ion battery.
- the electrode may be a cathode for a zinc ion battery.
- the flexible electrode material may be used as a waterproof electrode.
- the flexible electrode may have an energy density of 390 Wh/kg or more at a power density of 90 W/kg.
- the flexible electrode may have a capacity retention rate of 82% or more after 300 cycles of charging and discharging under a current density condition of 1.0 A/g.
- a cathode including the flexible electrode material; zinc metal anode; separator; It provides a flexible zinc ion battery, including; and electrolyte.
- the electrolyte may be in a solution or gel state, and may include ZnSO 4 .
- the flexible electrode material according to the present invention has characteristics applicable to both a zinc ion battery and an all-solid zinc battery.
- it has excellent flexibility and waterproofness, and has the characteristics of being able to exhibit excellent performance in an underwater state and a folded state.
- Another aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a mixed solution by dissolving graphene and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in a solvent; forming a graphene film by casting the mixed solution on a mesh and heating; separating the graphene film from the mesh; And after floating the graphene film in the metal oxide precursor solution, the step of stirring the metal oxide precursor solution; provides a method of manufacturing a flexible electrode material comprising a.
- PVDF polyvinylidene difluoride
- an organic solvent may be used as the solvent.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone can be used as a solvent.
- the dissolution may be performed at a temperature of 50 °C to 100 °C for 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the mixed solution is to be cast on a mesh (mesh) in a doctor blade method, the heating may be performed at a temperature of 50 °C to 150 °C.
- the heating may be performed in an oven at a temperature of 50° C. to 150° C., and a graphene film may be formed through the heating and drying.
- separating the graphene film from the mesh; Thereafter, the step of activating the surface of the separated graphene film; may further include.
- the surface activation may be an acid treatment or an etching process using an acid.
- the surface activation may be performed for 10 minutes to 120 minutes, and preferably, may be performed for 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the surface activation promotes the reaction between the mixed solution and carbon of the graphene film by forming oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the graphene film to increase wettability, and by generating some defects on the surface of the graphene film, the metal oxide is effectively can make it grow.
- the metal oxide precursor solution refers to a solution including a reactant for generating a target metal oxide.
- the metal oxide is manganese oxide
- the metal oxide precursor solution may include potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and deionized water (DIW).
- the manganese oxide may be synthesized through the following reaction formula.
- the stirring may be performed for 30 minutes to 90 minutes.
- the size and length in the vertical direction of the synthesized metal oxide may be adjusted.
- the stirring may be performed for 40 minutes to 80 minutes, and more preferably, it may be performed for 50 minutes to 70 minutes.
- the stirring time is a reaction time for synthesizing the metal oxide, and by controlling the reaction time, it is possible to form a metal oxide of an appropriate size and length.
- Another aspect of the present invention including the flexible electrode material or the flexible electrode material manufactured by the manufacturing method, a cathode; an anode comprising zinc metal; separator; and an electrolyte; it provides a zinc ion battery comprising.
- the electrolyte may be in a solution or gel state.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides an energy storage device comprising the zinc ion battery.
- the energy storage device may be an all-solid-state device.
- PVDF polyvinylithene fluoride
- the mixed solution was cast on a stainless steel mesh by a doctor blade method, and then dried by heating in an oven at 100 °C.
- the surface-activated graphene film was washed several times with deionized water and dried.
- the surface-activated graphene film was floated in a mixed solution of 18 mM potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), 1 M sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and deionized water (DIW), and then the solution was heated at 80 °C for 30 min, 60 min or 90 min. By stirring for minutes, a flexible electrode material in which free-standing manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) was synthesized on a graphene film was obtained.
- KMnO 4 potassium permanganate
- DIW deionized water
- the flexible electrode material was washed with deionized water and dried.
- Example 1 (30 minutes), Example 2 (60 minutes), and Example 3 (90 minutes).
- the shape and structural characteristics of the flexible electrode material prepared in Examples were analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method.
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- HR-TEM high-resolution transmission electron microscope
- EDS energy dispersive spectroscopy
- the crystal phase of manganese dioxide formed in Examples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and the composition was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a temperature range of 100 ° C. - 900 ° C. under ambient atmosphere.
- XRD X-ray diffraction analysis
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- the chemical bonding state was analyzed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- FIG. 3 is an image showing the morphological and structural characteristics of the flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3a is a photograph showing the bent state of the surface-activated graphene film.
- 3b and 3e are FE-SEM images of the surface-activated graphene film.
- 3c and 3g are FE-SEM images of the flexible electrode material of Example 1.
- 3D and 3H are FE-SEM images of the flexible electrode material of Example 2.
- 3e and 3i are FE-SEM images of the flexible electrode material of Example 3;
- Example 1 In the case of Example 1, an empty space appeared due to a short growth time (30 minutes), and in the case of Example 3, aggregation of MnO 2 occurred due to a long growth time (90 minutes).
- Example 2 In comparison, in the case of Example 2, it can be confirmed that MnO 2 is grown in a uniform distribution on the surface of the graphene film.
- Example 1 small and vague needle-shaped particles with a lot of empty space appeared with a relatively wide size distribution (22.3-81.6 nm), and in the case of Example 3, large needle-shaped MnO 2 with signs of aggregation was A wider size distribution (128.2–137.6 nm) appeared.
- Example 2 In comparison, in the case of Example 2, it can be seen that clear needle-shaped MnO 2 well dispersed on the surface-activated graphene surface without empty space or agglomeration appears with a relatively uniform size distribution (103.7-110.2 nm).
- Example 4 is a cross-sectional FE-SEM image of the flexible electrode material of Example 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Example 2 flexible electrode material is a cross-sectional FE-SEM image (scale bar 500 nm) of Example 2 flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional FE-SEM image (scale bar 50 nm) of the flexible electrode material of Example 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is an enlarged view of the rectangular marked portion of FIG. 4A .
- Example 5 is an HR-TEM image and EDS mapping image of the flexible electrode material of Example 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5b is a high-resolution HR-TEM image of the flexible electrode material of Example 2, and is an enlarged view of the square marked portion of FIG. 5a.
- needle-shaped MnO 2 having a size range of 101.3-118.1 nm formed on the flexible electrode material can be confirmed.
- the lattice distance of 0.69 nm is shown, which is consistent with the (110) plane of ⁇ -MnO 2 .
- 5c is an EDS mapping image of the flexible electrode material of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a TGA, XRD, and XPS result of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6A is a TGA result of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the surface-activated graphene film exhibits 100% weight loss, and through this, it can be seen that the graphene film has a pure carbon composition and does not contain impurities.
- 6B is an XRD result of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6c and 6d are XPS results of a flexible electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Mn 2p shoulder peaks at 654.5 eV and 642.7 eV are consistent with the typical spin energy separation of 11.8 eV for MnO 2 , and 532.6 eV, 531.5 eV, and 530.2 in the O 1s spectrum. It can be confirmed that the peaks at eV correspond to HOH, hydrated trivalent Mn-OH and tetravalent Mn-O-Mn bonds, respectively.
- a CR2032-type coin cell was prepared by using the flexible electrode material prepared in Example as a cathode, zinc metal as an anode, glass fiber paper as a separator, and 2 M zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) as an electrolyte. .
- electrochemical behavior was analyzed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).
- Rate performance tests were performed in the potential range of 1.0 to 1.9 V (vs Zn/Zn 2+ ) at current densities of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5 and 2.0 Ag -1 , and long-term Cycling tests were performed at a current density of 1.0 Ag -1 for up to 300 cycles.
- FIG. 7 is an electrochemical view of a coin cell prepared from the electrode material of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3 in which MnO 2 powder, PVDF binder, and conductive carbon black (Ketjen black) commercialized on a surface-activated graphene film are cast. It is the result of analyzing the characteristics.
- FIG. 7A is a Nyquist plot of a cell manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3; Here, the semicircle of the high-frequency region and the slope of the low-frequency region indicate charge transfer resistance (Rct) and ion diffusion behavior (Warburg impedance).
- the Warburg impedance coefficient ( ⁇ w) was calculated using Equation 1
- the Zn ion diffusion coefficient (D) was calculated using Equation 2.
- R e denotes the type of total electrode resistance called bulk resistance
- D is the Zn ion diffusion coefficient
- R is the gas constant
- T is the temperature
- A is the area of the electrode
- n is the number of electrons per molecule
- F is the Faraday constant
- C is the Zn ion molar concentration.
- 7B is a graph showing the relationship between Z real and ⁇ -1 / 2 in cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- the Warburg impedance coefficient ( ⁇ w) calculated through this corresponds to 23.6, 23.8, 14.2 and 26.7 ⁇ cm 2 s- 1 / 2 in the order of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3, respectively. Able to know.
- 7C is a graph showing the Zn ion diffusion coefficient of cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- the Zn ion diffusion coefficients were calculated as 0.61, 0.60, 1.68, and 0.48 ⁇ 10 -12 cm 2 s -1 of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3, respectively.
- Example 2 the diffusion performance of zinc ions is increased in Example 2 in which MnO 2 is uniformly dispersed without a binder.
- 8A shows the rate performance of cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3 at a potential in the range of 1.0-1.9 V and a current density in the range of 0.1-2.0 Ag -1 .
- Example 2 exhibits a high specific capacity, and exhibits an excellent recovery capacity of 430.5 mAhg -1 at 0.1 Ag -1 (capacity retention rate of 97.8%).
- Example 1 exhibited a low discharge capacity
- Example 3 exhibited a rapid loss of discharge capacity and a low capacity retention rate (80.0%).
- 8B is a graph showing the change in capacity for 300 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g -1 of cells manufactured using the electrode materials of Comparative Examples and Examples 1 to 3;
- Example 2 exhibits the best long-term stability by securing a capacity retention rate of 82% or more.
- Example 9 is a comparison of the energy and power density of a cell fabricated using the electrode material of Example 2 with other reported energy storage devices using an electrolyte solution by Ragone plot.
- Example 2 shows a maximum energy density of 396 Whkg -1 at a power density of 90W kg -1 , and a maximum energy density of 201 Whkg -1 at a power density of 1,800 Wkg. It can be confirmed.
- the cell using the electrode material of Example 2 has higher power density and energy density compared to the previously reported supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, aluminum ion batteries, magnesium ion batteries, and calcium ion batteries. can be seen to indicate
- Example 4 zinc metal as an anode, and glass fiber paper as a separator, 1 M zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), 1.5 M polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and An all-solid zinc-ion battery was prepared by composing a gel mixed with deionized water (DIW) as an electrolyte.
- DIW deionized water
- the all-solid zinc-ion battery was packaged with a sealing film as an exterior material, and the electrochemical behavior was investigated through EIS using an AC signal of 5 mV in the frequency range of 10 5 to 10 -2 Hz.
- Rate performance tests were performed at current densities of 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 A g -1 , and long-term cycling tests were performed by submerging the samples in water in the flat and folded state up to 100 times at current densities of 0.5 A g -1 . state was performed.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery structure using a flexible electrode material mill-gel electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows the lifetime performance and cycling stability of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery using a flexible electrode material mill-gel electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 11A shows rate performance at a potential in the range of 1.0-1.9 V and a current density in the range of 0.3-1.0 Ag -1 of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the all-solid-state zinc ion battery provides excellent specific capacities of 145.6, 100.8 and 45.6 mA h g ⁇ 1 at current densities of 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 A g ⁇ 1 , and 131.6 at 0.3 A g ⁇ 1 . It can be seen that the recovery capacity (recovering capacity) of mAhg -1 (capacity retention rate 90.4%).
- 11B is a Ragone plot comparing the energy and power density of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention to previously reported all-solid-state energy storage devices.
- the all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention exhibits an energy density of 131 Wkg -1 at a power density of 270 Whkg -1 , which is a previously reported all-solid-state energy storage It can be seen that the energy density is superior to that of the devices.
- 11C shows the cycling stability at a current density of 0.5 Ag ⁇ 1 under conditions of flat and folded states and the presence and absence of water of an all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention exhibits a capacity retention rate of 85% or more for 100 cycles in all states, thereby confirming that it has high flexibility and water resistance.
- the all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention illuminates a light emitting diode (LED) in water and operates the drone propeller in a bent state.
- LED light emitting diode
- the all-solid-state zinc ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention can be put to practical use as an energy storage device having excellent electrochemical performance, flexibility, and waterproof properties.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 그래핀 필름; 및상기 그래핀 필름 상에 형성된, 프리스탠딩(free-standing) 금속 산화물;을 포함하는,플렉서블 전극 소재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 그래핀 필름은,그래핀 또는 적층된 복수 개의 그래핀을 포함하는 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 그래핀 필름은,표면 활성화되어, 표면에 산소(O) 포함 작용기가 존재하는 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물은, α-MnO2, β-MnO2, γ-MnO2, δ-MnO2, V2O5 및 V2O5·nH2O로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상을 포함하는 것이고,상기 금속 산화물의 함량은, 1 중량 % 내지 10 중량%인 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물의 상기 그래핀 필름 표면과 수직한 방향으로의 길이는,10 nm 내지 200 nm인 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물이 상기 그래핀 필름 표면에 직접 결합되는 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재.
- 제6항에 있어서,바인더-프리(binder-free)인 것인,플렉서블 전극소재.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전극은, 아연 이온 전지용인 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재.
- 그래핀 및 폴리비닐리덴디플루오라이드(PVDF)를 용매에 용해시켜 혼합용액을 준비하는 단계;상기 혼합용액을 메쉬(mesh)에 주조하고, 가열하여 그래핀 필름을 형성시키는 단계;상기 그래핀 필름을 메쉬에서 분리하는 단계; 및상기 그래핀 필름을 금속 산화물 전구체 용액에 띄운 후, 상기 금속 산화물 전구체 용액을 교반하는 단계;를 포함하는,플렉서블 전극 소재의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 혼합용액은 닥터블레이드 방식으로 메쉬(mesh)에 주조하는 것이고,상기 가열은 50 ℃내지 150 ℃의 온도로 수행되는 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물은, 망간 산화물이고,상기 금속 산화물 전구체 용액은, 과망간산칼륨(KMnO4), 황산(H2SO4) 및 탈이온수(DIW)를 포함하는 것인,플렉서블 전극 소재의 제조방법.
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KR20160125171A (ko) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전극 재료와 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 및 이들의 제조방법 |
US20200052279A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-13 | Tuqiang Chen | Method of preparing energy storage electrodes |
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KR20220086856A (ko) | 2022-06-24 |
KR102607784B1 (ko) | 2023-11-30 |
JP2023553402A (ja) | 2023-12-21 |
US20240120474A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
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