WO2022124788A1 - 표면 관통 전기전도성 및 내식성이 우수한 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
표면 관통 전기전도성 및 내식성이 우수한 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022124788A1 WO2022124788A1 PCT/KR2021/018522 KR2021018522W WO2022124788A1 WO 2022124788 A1 WO2022124788 A1 WO 2022124788A1 KR 2021018522 W KR2021018522 W KR 2021018522W WO 2022124788 A1 WO2022124788 A1 WO 2022124788A1
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- stainless steel
- oxide
- electrical conductivity
- fuel cell
- corrosion resistance
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004002 angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
- H01M8/0208—Alloys
- H01M8/021—Alloys based on iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/50—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stainless steel having excellent surface-through electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a stainless steel for a fuel cell separator having excellent surface-through electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance and is easy to process, so it is being studied as a material for electronic parts and fuel cell separators.
- conventional stainless steel has a problem in that the passivation film on the surface acts as a through-plane resistance element and does not secure sufficient electrical conductivity.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a stainless steel for a separator having a low interfacial contact resistance and a high corrosion potential by controlling the surface modification process.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method of manufacturing stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance and low contact resistance by immersing stainless steel containing 17 to 23 wt% of Cr in a [HF] ⁇ [HNO 3 ] solution.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a stainless steel having an atomic ratio of Cr and Fe of 1 or more, which is contained in a passivation film of stainless steel containing 15 to 45% by weight of Cr and 0.1 to 5% by weight of Mo.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 have a limitation that the fundamental penetration resistance of the passivation film of stainless steel cannot be lowered by adjusting the ratio of Cr/Fe atom number of the passivation film within a few nm region.
- the present invention is to provide a stainless steel for a fuel cell separator having excellent surface-through electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance applicable as a material for a fuel cell separator, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the stainless steel excellent in surface-penetrating electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance is Al-K ⁇ by X-ray angle resolution photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of stainless steel containing 15 wt% or more of Cr.
- the take-off angle of the photoelectrons is measured using an X-ray source under the condition of 12°, the measured value of the surface oxide element ratio (1) is 0.5 to 5, and the value of the surface oxide element ratio (2) below may be 0.5 or less.
- the Cr oxide is Cr 3 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , CrO 2 or CrO 3
- the Cr hydroxide is CrOOH, Cr(OH) 2 or Cr(OH) 3
- the Fe oxide is FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , or Fe 3 O 4
- Fe hydroxide means FeOOH
- the total oxides and hydroxides include the Cr oxide, the Cr hydroxide, Fe oxide, Fe hydroxide, and a metal oxide (MO), the metal oxide (MO) includes a mixed oxide, and M is Ti except Cr and Fe. , Nb, Mn, Si, V, or a combination thereof, and O means oxygen.
- the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel may be 2 eV or less.
- the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel may form an ohmic contact with the base material.
- the surface passivation potential of the stainless steel may be 0.2V or more.
- It may include a passivation step of surface modification for a process time satisfying the following formula (2).
- Mn, Si, Ti, Nb, V, and Cr in the above formula are weight % values.
- the acid solution may include at least one of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, and citric acid. have.
- the present invention provides a stainless steel for a fuel cell separator having excellent surface-penetrating electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance applicable to a material for a fuel cell separator by making a surface oxide layer having semiconducting properties formed on the surface of the stainless steel into a conductor, and a method for manufacturing the same. can provide
- Example 2 is a diagram showing the incubation process time and the passivation process time for Example 6, and the passviation process time is the time when the surface potential becomes 0.2V (vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode) or higher, the potential rises and the potential is maintained. .
- 0.2V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an incubation process time and a passivation process time for Comparative Example 6.
- Example 4 is the observation of Si, Mn, Nb, V oxides observed when the surface for Example 6 is measured under the condition that the take-off angle of photoelectrons is 12° using an Al-K ⁇ X-ray source by X-ray angle resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. It is the result.
- the stainless steel excellent in surface-penetrating electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance is Al-K ⁇ by X-ray angle resolution photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of stainless steel containing 15 wt% or more of Cr.
- the take-off angle of the photoelectrons is measured using an X-ray source under the condition of 12°, the measured value of the surface oxide element ratio (1) is 0.5 to 5, and the value of the surface oxide element ratio (2) below may be 0.5 or less.
- the Cr oxide is Cr 3 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , CrO 2 or CrO 3
- the Cr hydroxide is CrOOH, Cr(OH) 2 or Cr(OH) 3
- the Fe oxide is FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , or Fe 3 O 4
- Fe hydroxide means FeOOH
- the total oxides and hydroxides include the Cr oxide, the Cr hydroxide, Fe oxide, Fe hydroxide, and a metal oxide (MO), the metal oxide (MO) includes a mixed oxide, and M is Ti except Cr and Fe. , Nb, Mn, Si, V, or a combination thereof, and O means oxygen.
- the stainless steel having excellent surface-penetrating electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance uses an Al-K ⁇ X-ray source by X-ray angle decomposition photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of stainless steel containing 15 wt% or more of Cr.
- the value of the surface oxide element ratio (1) measured below may be 0.5 to 5
- the value of the surface oxide element ratio (2) below may be 0.5 or less.
- the Cr oxide is Cr 3 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , CrO 2 or CrO 3
- the Cr hydroxide is CrOOH, Cr(OH) 2 or Cr(OH) 3
- the Fe oxide is FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , or Fe 3 O 4
- Fe hydroxide means FeOOH
- the total oxides and hydroxides include the Cr oxide, the Cr hydroxide, Fe oxide, Fe hydroxide, and a metal oxide (MO), the metal oxide (MO) includes a mixed oxide, and M is Ti except Cr and Fe. , Nb, Mn, Si, V, or a combination thereof, and O means oxygen.
- the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel may be 2 eV or less.
- the surface oxide layer of the stainless steel may form an ohmic contact with the base material.
- the surface passivation potential of the stainless steel may be 0.2V or more.
- the term "stainless cold rolled steel sheet” refers to a stainless steel cold rolled steel sheet manufactured according to the conventional manufacturing process of stainless steel, hot rolling-heating-cold rolling-annealing, and those skilled in the art will recognize that To the extent possible, it can be interpreted as a stainless cold-rolled steel sheet manufactured according to a typical manufacturing process of a stainless steel cold-rolled steel sheet.
- surface oxide refers to an oxide formed on the surface of stainless steel by spontaneous oxidation of a base metal element by external oxygen when stainless steel is exposed to a temperature of about 200° C. or less.
- the surface oxide has Cr 2 O 3 as its main component, and SiO 2 , SiO, Si 2 O 3 , MnO, MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , VO, V 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 , NbO, NbO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and the like may be included as an example.
- surface oxides have been listed above, it is necessary to note that these are examples for helping understanding of the present invention and do not specifically limit the technical spirit of the present invention.
- surface oxide layer means a layer including the surface oxide of the present invention, and may be interpreted as a passivation film of stainless steel.
- Fe oxide means FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , etc. All Fe oxides in oxide form within a range that can be clearly recognized by those skilled in the art.
- Fe hydroxide means all hydroxides of Fe (OH) 2 - , Fe(OH) 3 , etc. in the form of hydroxide within a range that can be readily recognized by those skilled in the art.
- Cr oxide means Cr 3 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , CrO 2 , CrO 3 All Cr oxides in oxide form within a range that can be clearly recognized by those skilled in the art, such as CrO 3 it means.
- Cr hydroxide refers to all Cr hydroxides in hydroxide form within the range that can be readily recognized by those skilled in the art, such as CrOOH, Cr(OH) 2 , Cr(OH) 3 , and the like.
- the passivation film of conventional stainless steel has Cr 2 O 3 as a main component of the surface oxide and SiO 2 , SiO, Si 2 O 3 , MnO, MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , VO, V 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 , NbO, NbO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 It is known to have high resistance due to the semiconductor properties of these oxides.
- the inventors of the present invention control the surface oxide layer component element content ratio so that the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer of stainless steel is 2 eV or less and the surface corrosion potential is controlled to 0.2 V or more based on a saturated calomel electrode.
- a stainless steel for fuel cell separator excellent in penetrating surface electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance that can be applied to a material for fuel cell separator because the oxide layer is made into a conductor and has excellent surface corrosion resistance has been discovered.
- the stainless steel having excellent surface-penetrating electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance is Al-K ⁇ X-
- the take-off angle of the photoelectrons is measured under the condition of 12° using a source
- the measured value of the surface oxide element ratio (1) is 0.5 to 5
- the value of the surface oxide element ratio (2) below is 0.5 or less.
- the Cr oxide is Cr 3 O 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , CrO 2 or CrO 3
- the Cr hydroxide is CrOOH, Cr(OH) 2 or Cr(OH) 3
- the Fe oxide is FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , or Fe 3 O 4
- Fe hydroxide means FeOOH
- the total oxides and hydroxides include the Cr oxide, the Cr hydroxide, Fe oxide, Fe hydroxide, and a metal oxide (MO), the metal oxide (MO) includes a mixed oxide, and M is Ti except Cr and Fe. , Nb, Mn, Si, V, or a combination thereof, and O means oxygen.
- All oxides and hydroxides include Cr oxide, Cr hydroxide, Fe oxide, Fe hydroxide, and the metal oxide (MO).
- the take-off angle of the photoelectron In X-ray angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, the lower the take-off angle of the photoelectron, the smaller the analysis depth from the outermost surface of the stainless steel to the depth direction, and the larger the take-off angle, the larger the analysis depth.
- the take-off angle of photoelectrons is set to 12°. The surface was measured.
- the passivation film is the limiting point at which the semiconductor properties are converted to the conductor properties.
- the passivation film cannot secure sufficient surface-penetrating electrical conductivity due to semiconductor characteristics, so it is not suitable as stainless steel for fuel cell separators.
- the surface oxide element ratio (1) value is limited to 0.5 to 5 as described above is that when it is less than 0.5, Fe element, which is unfavorable to corrosion resistance, becomes an oxide form in which it is dissolved in Cr, and the surface potential of the material becomes less than 0.2V, and the fuel cell There is a large amount of Fe elution in the operating environment, which can be a factor in reducing battery performance.
- the value is 5 or more, the Cr content in the surface oxide becomes relatively high, preventing ohmic contact by non-uniform contact between the oxide layer and the base material interface layer, and acting as a factor that deteriorates the conductivity, resulting in a decrease in the band gap energy. Electrical conductivity deteriorates by creating semiconductor characteristics of 2eV or more. It is preferable to control the oxide layer so that it is more preferably 0.7 to 4 in consideration of the surface-penetrating electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.
- the passivation film is the limiting point at which the semiconductor properties are converted to the conductor properties.
- the passivation film cannot secure sufficient surface-penetrating electrical conductivity due to semiconductor characteristics, so it is not suitable as stainless steel for fuel cell separators.
- the present invention can control the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer to be 2 eV or less.
- the bandgap energy is 0eV
- the surface oxide layer has conductor characteristics
- the bandgap energy is greater than 0eV and less than 2eV
- the surface oxide layer has characteristics in the middle region between conductor and semiconductor characteristics. Suitable.
- the surface oxide element ratio (1) value it is preferable to control the surface oxide element ratio (1) value to be 0.44 or less so that the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer is 0 eV.
- the bandgap energy of the surface oxide layer of 0 eV means that the base material of stainless steel and the surface oxide layer formed a new, previously unknown ohmic contact despite the passive film layer composed of oxide. In other words, it means that the surface oxide layer becomes a new conductive film layer capable of forming an ohmic contact with the base material of stainless steel.
- the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer is 2 eV or less and the surface corrosion potential of 0.2 V is sufficient, and there is no particular limitation on the type of steel.
- an austenitic, ferritic, or ferritic-austenitic two-phase stainless steel may be used as the stainless steel of the present invention.
- the component composition of the stainless steel for fuel cell separator having excellent surface-through electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the preferred component composition is as follows.
- the following component composition is only an example to help the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the technical spirit of the present invention.
- the steel sheet according to an embodiment is in weight %, C: more than 0% and less than 0.02%, N: more than 0% and less than 0.02%, Si: more than 0% and less than or equal to 0.25%, Mn: more than 0% and less than or equal to 0.2%, P: 0 % more than 0.04%, S: more than 0% and 0.02% or less, Cr: 15 to 34%, and the remaining Fe and other unavoidable impurities may be included.
- the unit is weight % (wt%).
- C and N combine with Cr in steel to form stable Cr carbonitride, and as a result, a region in which Cr is locally deficient is formed and corrosion resistance may be deteriorated. Therefore, a lower content of both elements is preferable. Accordingly, in the present invention, the content of C and N may be added to C: more than 0% and 0.02% or less, and N: more than 0% and 0.02% or less.
- Si greater than 0% and less than or equal to 0.25%
- Si is an element effective for deoxidation. However, when added excessively, toughness and formability are reduced, and SiO 2 oxide generated during the annealing process reduces electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity. In consideration of this, the content of Si in the present invention may be added in an amount greater than Si: 0% and 0.25% or less.
- Mn More than 0% 0.2% or less
- Mn is an element effective for deoxidation.
- MnS which is an inclusion of Mn, reduces corrosion resistance, in the present invention, the Mn content may be added in an amount greater than 0% and 0.2% or less.
- the content of P may be added in an amount greater than 0% and 0.04% or less.
- the content of S in the present invention may be added in an amount greater than 0% and 0.02% or less.
- Cr is an element that improves corrosion resistance. Cr is actively added to ensure corrosion resistance in a fuel cell operating environment, which is a strong acid environment. However, in the present invention, the content of Cr may be added to 15 to 34% in consideration of the decrease in toughness when excessively added.
- the steel sheet according to an embodiment is, as necessary, in addition to the above-described alloy composition as an optional alloy component by weight, V: more than 0% and less than 0.6%, Ti: more than 0% and less than or equal to 0.5%, Nb: more than 0% and less than 0.5% It may include one or more of the following.
- V greater than 0% and less than or equal to 0.6%
- V is an element that improves the lifespan characteristics of the fuel cell by suppressing the elution of Fe in the fuel cell operating environment.
- the content of V may be added in an amount greater than 0% and 0.6% or less in the present invention in consideration of this.
- Ti and Nb are elements that combine with C and N in steel to form stable carbonitrides, thereby suppressing the formation of regions in which Cr is locally deficient and improving corrosion resistance.
- the content of Ti and Nb may be added to Ti: more than 0% and 0.5% or less and Nb: more than 0% and 0.5% or less in the present invention in consideration of the decrease in toughness when excessively added.
- the remaining component is iron (Fe).
- Fe iron
- the impurities are known to any person skilled in the art of a conventional manufacturing process, all details thereof are not specifically mentioned in the present specification.
- Steel grades having the composition shown in Table 1 below were manufactured as slabs through the steel making-casting process. Thereafter, the manufactured slab was hot-rolled at 1200° C. to prepare a 4.5 mm thick hot-rolled steel sheet. The hot-rolled steel sheet was heated at 1050°C, then cold-rolled and bright annealed at 1000°C in a 100% hydrogen reduction atmosphere to produce a 0.15mm thick cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet prepared in Table 1 was subjected to surface modification by dissolving the surface in 150 g/L sulfuric acid solution, controlling the time of the first step (incubation process), and adding hydrogen peroxide in the same solution. By increasing the potential, the time of the second step of surface modification (passivation process) was controlled.
- the surface oxide element ratios (1) and (2) values in Table 2 are values derived according to the following formulas (1) and (2), and Al-K ⁇ surfaces of the invention examples and comparative examples were analyzed by X-ray angle resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. This is a value derived when measuring with an X-ray source at the take-off angle of 12° of the photoelectrons listed in Table 2.
- the surface oxide element ratios (1) and (2) were measured in the following way. First, it is analyzed by PHI Quantera II equipment, and the analysis result is separated by using the CasaXPS software to separate peaks in the binding energy of metal oxide (MO), Cr oxide, Cr hydroxide, Fe oxide, and Fe hydroxide, and using this The concentration was calculated.
- MO metal oxide
- Cr oxide Cr oxide
- Cr hydroxide Cr hydroxide
- Fe oxide Fe hydroxide
- the 'sum of the atomic concentrations (at%) of metal elements in all oxides and hydroxides' in the surface oxide element ratio value is the sum of the atomic concentrations (at%) of metal elements in the metal oxide (MO) described above.
- ' and the sum of the atomic concentrations (at%) of Cr in Cr oxide and Cr hydroxide and the sum of the atomic concentrations (at%) of Fe in Fe oxides and Fe hydroxides were calculated.
- the sum of the atomic concentrations (at%) of Cr in Cr oxide and Cr hydroxide separates the peaks in the binding energy of Cr oxide and Cr hydroxide, and then fits it to the Cr 2p spectrum to obtain the atomic concentration (at%) of Cr.
- the sum was derived.
- the sum of the atomic concentrations (at%) of Fe in Fe oxides and Fe hydroxides separates the peaks in the binding energy of Fe oxides and Fe hydroxides, and then fits them to the Fe 2p spectrum to determine the atomic concentration (at%) of Fe. The sum was derived.
- the metal oxide (MO) includes a mixed oxide
- M is an alloying element in the base material other than Cr and Fe or a combination thereof
- O means oxygen
- the band gap energy in Table 2 means the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer.
- the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer was measured using a Current Sensing Atomic Force Microscope (Keysight 9500 model).
- Inventive Examples, Comparative Examples Prepare a specimen by cutting stainless steel 1 cm x 1 cm, and apply a 20 nN load in a nitrogen atmosphere with a relative humidity of 18% so that the surface oxide layer can be measured in an inactive state so that the applied bias is -10 V
- the bandgap energy was measured in the current probe mode from to 10V.
- the bandgap energy was measured 5 times in an area of 50 ⁇ m x 50 ⁇ m of the specimen, and the width of the region where the current sensed when the applied bias was changed from -10 V to 10 V was measured as the band gap energy.
- the probe used was a platinum-coated probe with a thickness of 30 nm on a silicon probe (Si tip).
- the time required for the incubation process varies depending on the component system in the steel, and it can be seen that the more components such as Mn, Si, Nb, Ti, and V in the steel, the longer the incubation process time is. This is because these elements easily form a surface layer oxide, and it takes time to remove the oxide composed of this component. In addition, the higher the Cr content, the higher the ratio of Cr oxide in the surface layer, so the formation rate of these oxides could be lowered, and thus the incubation process time tended to be reduced.
- the passivation process time can be controlled by changing the total surface treatment time, and can vary depending on the Cr content.
- the incubation process time must be greater than Equation (1) to effectively remove the oxides formed on the surface layer, and when the passivation process time is greater than the value of the formula defined in Equation (2), the band of the surface oxide layer
- An oxide having excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance can be formed with a gap energy of 2 eV or less and a surface potential of 0.2 V (vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode) or more stably secured.
- Mn, Si, Ti, Nb, V, and Cr in the above formula are weight % values.
- the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer was 7.6 eV, indicating semiconductor characteristics, whereas in Example 6, the band gap energy of the surface oxide layer was 0 eV.
- the bandgap energy of the surface oxide layer of 0 eV means that the base material of stainless steel and the surface oxide layer formed a new, previously unknown ohmic contact despite the passive film layer composed of oxide. In other words, it means that the surface oxide layer becomes a new conductive film layer capable of forming an ohmic contact with the base material of stainless steel.
- Example 2 is a diagram showing the incubation process time and the passivation process time for Example 6, and the passviation process time is the time when the surface potential becomes 0.2V (vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode) or higher, the potential rises and the potential is maintained. .
- 0.2V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an incubation process time and a passivation process time for Comparative Example 6.
- Example 6 the time required for the incubation process varies depending on the component system in the steel, and it can be seen that the more components such as Mn, Si, Nb, Ti, and V in the steel, the longer the incubation process time is required. This is because these elements easily form a surface layer oxide, and it takes time to remove the oxide composed of this component.
- the passivation process time can be controlled by changing the total surface treatment time, and can vary depending on the Cr content, and it can be seen that the treatment time is longer as in Example 6.
- the stainless steel for fuel cell separator according to the present invention has excellent surface-through electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, it can be used industrially.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- Cr을 15중량% 이상 함유하는 스테인리스강의 표면을 X선 각도분해 광전자 분광법에 의하여 Al-Kα X-선원을 이용해 광전자의 이륙각이 12°조건으로 측정할 때, 측정되는 하기 표면 산화물 원소비 (1)값이 0.5 내지 5이며, 하기 표면 산화물 원소비 (2)값이 0.5 이하인, 표면 관통 전기전도성 및 내식성이 우수한 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강:여기서, Cr산화물은 Cr3O4, Cr2O3, CrO2 또는 CrO3를, 상기 Cr수산화물은 CrOOH, Cr(OH)2 또는 Cr(OH)3를, Fe 산화물은 FeO, Fe2O3, 또는 Fe3O4를, Fe수산화물은 FeOOH를 의미하고,상기 전체 산화물 및 수산화물은 상기 Cr산화물, 상기 Cr수산화물, Fe산화물, Fe수산화물, 금속산화물(MO)을 포함하고, 상기 금속산화물(MO)은 혼합산화물을 포함하며, M은 Cr, Fe를 제외한 Ti, Nb, Mn, Si, V 또는 이들의 조합이고, O는 산소를 의미한다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스테인리스강의 표면 산화물층의 밴드갭에너지가 2eV 이하인, 표면 관통 전기전도성이 우수한 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스테인리스강의 표면 산화물층은 모재와 옴 접촉을 형성하는, 표면 관통 전기전도성 및 내식성이 우수한 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스테인리스강의 표면 부동태화 전위는 0.2V 이상인, 표면 관통 전기전도성 및 내식성이 우수한 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강.
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US18/265,879 US20240030465A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2021-08-12 | Stainless steel for fuel cell separator having excellent through-plane electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance and method for manufacturing same |
JP2023535010A JP2024500347A (ja) | 2020-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | 表面貫通電気伝導性及び耐食性に優れた燃料電池分離板用ステンレス鋼 |
EP21903834.6A EP4261957A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Stainless steel for fuel cell separator having excellent through-plane electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance and method for manufacturing same |
CN202180089547.1A CN116724426A (zh) | 2020-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | 具有优异的穿面导电性和耐腐蚀性的燃料电池分隔件用不锈钢及其制造方法 |
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JP2002075399A (ja) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用セパレータ |
JP2004149920A (ja) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-05-27 | Jfe Steel Kk | 固体高分子型燃料電池セパレータ用ステンレス鋼とその製造方法およびそのステンレス鋼を用いた固体高分子型燃料電池 |
KR20150074768A (ko) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | 주식회사 포스코 | 연료전지용 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20170035374A (ko) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-31 | 주식회사 포스코 | 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강 및 이의 제조 방법 |
KR102068479B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-01-22 | 현대비앤지스틸 주식회사 | 계면 접촉 저항이 우수한 고분자 연료전지 분리판용 페라이트계 스테인리스강 제조 방법 |
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- 2021-12-08 WO PCT/KR2021/018522 patent/WO2022124788A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2021-12-08 EP EP21903834.6A patent/EP4261957A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-08 JP JP2023535010A patent/JP2024500347A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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JP2002075399A (ja) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用セパレータ |
JP2004149920A (ja) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-05-27 | Jfe Steel Kk | 固体高分子型燃料電池セパレータ用ステンレス鋼とその製造方法およびそのステンレス鋼を用いた固体高分子型燃料電池 |
KR20150074768A (ko) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | 주식회사 포스코 | 연료전지용 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20170035374A (ko) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-31 | 주식회사 포스코 | 연료전지 분리판용 스테인리스강 및 이의 제조 방법 |
KR102068479B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-01-22 | 현대비앤지스틸 주식회사 | 계면 접촉 저항이 우수한 고분자 연료전지 분리판용 페라이트계 스테인리스강 제조 방법 |
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