WO2022234902A1 - (001) 집합조직으로 구성된 전기강판 및 그의 제조방법 - Google Patents
(001) 집합조직으로 구성된 전기강판 및 그의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 21
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical steel sheet composed of (001) texture and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Electrical steel sheet plays an important role in determining the energy efficiency of electrical equipment, because electrical steel sheet is used as an iron core material in rotating equipment such as motors and generators and stationary equipment such as small transformers. This is because it converts energy into energy.
- the magnetic properties of the electrical steel sheet include iron loss (W 15/50/kg or W 10/400/kg ) and magnetic flux density ( B 8 or B 50 ). So the lower the better. On the other hand, when an external magnetic field is applied, as the magnetic flux density indicating the ease of magnetization is larger, the desired magnetic flux density can be obtained even when a small current is applied. good night.
- iron loss can be reduced by adding Si, Al, Mn, etc., which are alloying elements with high specific resistance.
- Si silicon
- Al aluminum
- a method for increasing the area fraction of (001) crystal grains is introduced in US Patent Publication US005948180A, European Patent Publication EP 0 741 191 B1, and Academic Documents 1 and 2.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet prepared from a hot-rolled steel sheet containing 0.05% to 0.1% of C, an austenite ( ⁇ ) stabilizing element, is used in a ferrite ( ⁇ ) + austenite ( ⁇ ) two-phase temperature and high vacuum atmosphere in the region of 950°C to 1050°C.
- (001) grains are grown using the phase transformation from austenite ( ⁇ ) to ferrite ( ⁇ ) caused by decarburization by heat treatment at
- Mn evaporates from the surface at the same time as the decarburization reaction during heat treatment in a relatively low temperature region of 950° C. to 1050° C. and high vacuum, and surface oxidation occurs due to a relatively low temperature region even in a high vacuum, so that manganese from the inside of the steel sheet to the surface It is impossible to avoid the formation of a surface demanganese layer and a surface oxide film, which are harmful to magnetic properties due to a decrease in concentration.
- the temperature range for promoting (001) grain growth by using the phase transformation from austenite ( ⁇ ) to ferrite ( ⁇ ) by high vacuum decarburization reaction is, in principle, limited to a relatively low temperature range of 950 ° C to 1050 ° C. Therefore, it exhibits a low (001) aspect ratio of 65% or less (European Patent Publication EP 0 741 191 B1).
- Korean Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-0797895 and 10-0973406 have additionally suggested methods for manufacturing electrical steel sheets having a (001) texture, but these inventions also include phase transformation from austenite ( ⁇ ) to ferrite ( ⁇ ). A process of growing (001) grains through
- the Mn addition amount is 0.5% or less
- the amount of MnS precipitation is small during hot rolling and cooling, hot-rolled sheet annealing and cold-rolled steel sheet final annealing.
- this large amount of atomic S is segregated intensively on the surface during final annealing to maximize the surface energy of the ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal plane rather than the surface energy of the (001) crystal plane. Since it promotes ⁇ 111 ⁇ grain growth rather than (001) grain growth during final annealing, it is easy to result in an electrical steel sheet composed of ⁇ 111 ⁇ grains rather than an electrical steel sheet composed of (001) grains after final annealing, and the thickness of the steel sheet As , this phenomenon becomes more pronounced.
- the MnS precipitation reaction is activated by a large amount of Mn addition, and the amount of S dissolved in the steel sheet is minimized.
- annealing by controlling the surface energy of the (001) crystal plane to the lowest level, conditions are created so that (001) grains can grow while encroaching on ⁇ 111 ⁇ or ⁇ 110 ⁇ grains to finally obtain an electrical steel sheet composed of (001) grains. It will be said that making it possible is the biggest core technology.
- the austenite ( ⁇ ) phase is different in all heat treatment temperature ranges.
- the addition amount of Mn is increased in the range of more than 0.5% to 2.0% so that it becomes a ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS precipitate region in which there is no ferrite ( ⁇ ) single phase or ferrite ( ⁇ ) and MnS precipitates are mixed, and 1 atm.
- the austenite ( ⁇ ) phase does not exist in all heat treatment temperature ranges, and the ferrite ( ⁇ ) Increase the amount of Mn in the range of 2.0% over 0.5% so that it becomes a ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS precipitate region in which single phase or ferrite ( ⁇ ) and MnS precipitates are mixed, and 1 atm pressure reducing atmosphere and austenite ( ⁇ ) phase do not exist and MnS precipitates excessively generated due to the addition of a large amount of Mn by performing final annealing for a long time in a relatively high temperature region of ferrite ( ⁇ ) single phase or ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS precipitate region in which ferrite ( ⁇ ) and MnS precipitates are mixed Accelerate the growth of (001) grains at the same time as their rapid decomposition reaction, so that there is no deterioration in magnetic properties due to
- the electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention is, by weight, Si: 2.0% to 4.0%, Mn: more than 0.5% and 2.0% or less, S: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%) , C: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), the remainder including Fe and other unavoidable impurities, consisting of (001) grains, and exhibiting the maximum surface strength ( 001)
- the angle ( ⁇ ) between the [100] crystal direction in the texture and the rolling direction satisfies 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 8 ⁇ , and can be characterized as having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.25 mm by two-stage cold rolling have.
- the average (001) grain diameter penetrates the steel sheet thickness
- the average (001) grain diameter may be 1 to 50 times the thickness of the steel sheet
- the average (001) grain diameter is It may be 0.3 to 5 mm.
- the electrical steel sheet according to an example of the present invention may have an area fraction of (001) crystal grains of 80% or more, a magnetic flux density (B 50 ) of 1.70 Tesla or more, and a steel sheet thickness ratio to iron loss (W 15/50 ) of 4 to 20 Watts/kg/mm.
- the electrical steel sheet composed of (001) texture according to the present invention is, by weight, Si: 2.0% to 4.0%, Mn: more than 0.5% and 2.0% or less, S: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), C: 0.01 % or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), remaining Fe and other unavoidable impurities, consisting of (001) grains, and (001) texture showing maximum surface strength [100]
- the angle ( ⁇ ) formed by the crystal direction with the rolling direction satisfies 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 8 ⁇ , and has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.25 mm by two-stage cold rolling, (001) grains of 80% or more, the magnetic flux density (B 50 ) and iron loss (W 15/50 ) of 1.70 Tesla or more and the steel sheet thickness ratio to 4 to 20 Watts/kg/mm can be achieved.
- 1 is a state diagram showing the change in the existence region of ferrite ( ⁇ ), MnS precipitates and austenite ( ⁇ ) according to temperature according to the amount of Mn, which is an austenite ( ⁇ ) stabilizing element, in an Fe-2%Si-0.002%S alloy system; It is a drawing obtained by using the ThermoCalc program with the built-in TCFE 9 database, which is used universally for calculation.
- FIG. 2 is a state diagram showing the change in the existence region of ferrite ( ⁇ ), MnS precipitates and austenite ( ⁇ ) according to temperature according to the amount of Mn, which is an austenite ( ⁇ ) stabilizing element, in the Fe-3.1%Si-0.002%S alloy system; It is a drawing obtained by using the ThermoCalc program with the built-in TCFE 9 database, which is used universally for calculation.
- FIG. 3 is a state diagram showing the change in the presence region of ferrite ( ⁇ ), MnS precipitates, and austenite ( ⁇ ) according to temperature according to the amount of Mn, which is an austenite ( ⁇ ) stabilizing element, in the Fe-4%Si-0.002%S alloy system; It is a drawing obtained by using the ThermoCalc program with the built-in TCFE 9 database, which is used universally for calculation.
- ODF orientation distribution function
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the ODF of FIG. 5 in an etch-fit structure.
- % means % by weight.
- (001) plane used in the present invention means a plane in which the crystallographic (001) plane of the crystal grains constituting the electrical steel sheet is parallel to the plate plane of the electrical steel sheet.
- the plate surface of the electrical steel sheet means the xy plane when the rolling direction (RD direction) of the steel sheet is the x-axis width direction (TD direction) is the y-axis.
- EBSD Electro Backscatter Diffraction
- ODF orientation distribution function
- the average grain diameter was obtained using a conventional grain size calculation method using an optical microscope.
- face strength of (001) texture refers to the relative strength based on Intensity 1 of a disordered tissue that does not have any texture.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied a method for increasing magnetic flux density while lowering iron loss, and have found that it is possible to simultaneously improve iron loss characteristics and magnetic flux density characteristics when manufacturing an electrical steel sheet satisfying the following configuration. came to the conclusion of the invention.
- the electrical steel sheet according to an example of the present invention is, by weight, Si: 2.0% to 4.0%, Mn: more than 0.5% and 2.0% or less, S: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), C: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), the remainder including Fe and other unavoidable impurities, consisting of (001) grains, and (001) within the texture showing the maximum surface strength [100]
- the angle ⁇ between the crystal direction and the rolling direction satisfies 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 8 ⁇ , and may be characterized in that it has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.25 mm by two-stage cold rolling.
- the electrical steel sheet composed of the (001) texture according to the present invention has an area fraction of (001) grains of 80% or more, so that the magnetic flux density (B 50 ) and iron loss (W 15/50 ) of 1.70 Tesla or more compared to the steel sheet A thickness ratio of 4 to 20 Watts/kg/mm can be achieved.
- Such excellent properties are achieved by precipitating a large amount of MnS during reheating and annealing through the addition of excess Mn of more than 0.5% and 2.0% or less, and thereby preventing intensive segregation of S on the surface of the steel sheet during final annealing.
- 111 ⁇ It can be achieved by preventing the surface energy of the crystal plane from being the lowest.
- the electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a (001) grain area fraction of 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more.
- the magnetic flux density (B 50 ) may be 1.72 Tesla or more, more preferably 1.74 Tesla or more, and most preferably 1.76 Tesla or more, and the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 2.0 Tesla.
- the iron loss (W 15/50 ) to the steel plate thickness ratio may be 4 to 20 Watts/kg/mm.
- the average (001) grain diameter penetrates the steel sheet thickness
- the average (001) grain diameter may be 1 to 50 times the thickness of the steel sheet, and more preferably the average (001)
- the grain diameter may be 5 to 35 times the thickness of the steel sheet. In this range, both low iron loss and high magnetic flux density characteristics can be secured. More specifically, the average ⁇ 100 ⁇ grain diameter may be 0.3 to 5 mm.
- the angle ( ⁇ ) between the [100] crystal direction in the (001) texture representing the maximum surface strength and the rolling direction satisfies 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 8 ⁇ , which It may mean that the main set structure representing the maximum surface strength of the electrical steel sheet is close to (001)[010]. More preferably, (001) representing the maximum surface strength
- the angle ( ⁇ ) between the [100] crystal direction in the texture and the rolling direction may satisfy 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 7 ⁇ , and more preferably 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 5 ⁇ .
- the surface of the steel sheet is characterized in that there is no demanganese layer and surface oxide film. Through this, both low iron loss and high magnetic flux density characteristics can be secured.
- the Si is a major element added to increase the specific resistance of the steel to lower the eddy current loss during iron loss. If it is less than 2.0%, the (001) texture does not develop smoothly due to the presence of the austenite ( ⁇ ) phase during heat treatment, so the high magnetic flux density And it is difficult to obtain very low iron loss characteristics, and when added in excess of 4.0%, plate breakage occurs during cold rolling, so Si is limited to 2.0% to 4.0% by weight in the present invention.
- Mn more than 0.5% and less than 2.0%
- the Mn exhibits a strong effect of lowering iron loss by increasing the specific resistance along with Si, Al, etc., but when it is present inside the electrical steel sheet after forming MnS precipitates by combining with sulfur, (001) not only interferes with grain growth, Mn is added up to 0.3% in the current non-oriented electrical steel sheet composed of ⁇ 111 ⁇ texture because it interferes with the movement of the magnetic domain and causes an increase in iron loss and a decrease in magnetic flux density. For this reason, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet composed of ⁇ 111 ⁇ texture is suppressed as much as possible by final annealing within 3 minutes in a temperature range of 900 to 1100°C, thereby maximally suppressing MnS production.
- the MnS generation start curve draws a C curve, and the C curve moves to a relatively high temperature and short time region as the amount of Mn and S added increases. Due to the existence of the C curve, MnS is precipitated inside the steel sheet during cooling after hot rolling, and additional generation of MnS is essential while the cold-rolled steel sheet is heated up to the final annealing temperature and maintained at the final annealing temperature at a certain heating rate.
- decomposition of MnS Final annealing must be performed for a sufficiently long time in a reducing gas atmosphere so that smooth (001) grain growth occurs at a high temperature above a certain critical temperature that can accelerate the reaction and shorten the decomposition reaction completion time.
- the electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention may satisfy the following relational expression (1).
- [Mn] 0 is the content (% by weight) of manganese atoms (Mn) in the slab
- [Mn] 1 is the content (% by weight) of manganese atoms (Mn) in the steel sheet after final annealing.
- MnS precipitates are decomposed during final annealing after MnS precipitation, and Mn is dissolved back into the steel in an atomic state, so the content of Mn in the steel sheet after final annealing with the slab This can be almost identical.
- [Mn] 1 is 0T point (surface), (1/100)T point, (1/20)T point, (1/10)T point, and 1/2T point in the thickness (T) direction from the surface of the steel sheet. It may be an average value after analyzing the Mn content in the (center), and the upper limit of [Mn] 0 ⁇ 1.05 considers the measurement error during the experiment.
- Mn is added in excess of at least 0.5% and at a relatively high temperature in order to obtain a high (001) surface fraction even in a thick steel sheet.
- Long-term final annealing if it is added in excess of 2.0%, the (001) texture development may be insufficient due to the generation of the austenite ( ⁇ ) phase during final annealing and the magnetic properties may be poor. Therefore, in order to prevent inhibition of ⁇ 100 ⁇ texture development due to the austenite ( ⁇ ) phase and maximize iron loss reduction by densification of (001) texture, in the present invention, the Mn addition amount is limited to more than 0.5% and less than 2.0%. do.
- the amount of S added is limited to 0.01% or less.
- the austenite ( ⁇ ) region is enlarged to suppress the (001) grain growth during final annealing, and it combines with Fe and Ti to form carbide, which lowers the magnetic flux density and increases the iron loss.
- the content of C is limited to 0.01% or less.
- N forms a nitride by strongly bonding with Al, Ti, etc. and suppresses (001) grain growth to reduce magnetic properties. It is preferable to contain as little as possible in order to suppress , and in the present invention, the amount of N added is limited to 0.01% by weight or less.
- the remainder is composed of Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
- alloy elements and component ranges to be included without impairing the effects of the present invention are as follows.
- Figure 1 shows the temperature of ferrite ( ⁇ ), MnS precipitates and austenite ( ⁇ ) according to the amount of Mn, which is an austenite ( ⁇ ) stabilizing element, in an Fe-2%Si-0.002%S alloy system containing S. It is a diagram showing changes in the existence area. 1 is a ferrite ( ⁇ ) in which the austenite ( ⁇ ) phase does not exist in the temperature range from 1000° C. to about 1035° C. or less, even if Mn is added more than 0.5% and 0.7% in the Fe-2%Si-0.002%S alloy system. + MnS region is shown. In addition, when the amount of S added is increased, the amount of MnS precipitated increases.
- FIG. 3 shows the presence region of ferrite ( ⁇ ), MnS precipitates and austenite ( ⁇ ) according to temperature according to the amount of Mn, which is an austenite ( ⁇ ) stabilizing element, in a Fe-4%Si-0.002%S alloy system containing S. It is a diagram showing change. In the Fe-4%Si-0.002%S alloy system in which Si, which is a ferrite ( ⁇ ) stabilizing element, is added in large amounts, austenite ( ⁇ ) phase does not exist in all temperature ranges even when Mn is significantly added up to about 2.8%. Non-ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS or ferrite ( ⁇ ) single phases are shown. Similarly, in the alloy system of FIGS.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in the components of Si and Mn as they enter the steel sheet from the steel sheet surface after final annealing in E steel having a (001) surface fraction of 98% and a steel sheet thickness of 0.1 mm (100 ⁇ m) in Example 7 below. It is a drawing showing It can be seen that the content of Si and Mn in the steel sheet after final annealing is almost the same as the content of Si and Mn in the slab, regardless of the depth of the steel sheet, and it can be seen that the precipitated MnS is almost completely decomposed. In addition, it can be confirmed that there is no demanganese layer and surface oxide film on the surface of the steel sheet according to the present invention in that no changes in the components of Si and Mn on the surface and inside are observed regardless of the depth of the steel sheet.
- the manufacturing method of an electrical steel sheet having such excellent iron loss characteristics and magnetic flux density characteristics is a) by weight, Si: 2.0% to 4.0%, Mn: more than 0.5% and 2.0% or less, S: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%) ), C: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), reheating the slab containing the remainder Fe and other unavoidable impurities to 950 to 1250 °C;
- Ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS precipitates in which the austenite ( ⁇ ) phase does not exist in the two-stage cold-rolled cold-rolled steel sheet in the range of 1000°C to 1250°C, and ferrite ( ⁇ ) single phase or ferrite ( ⁇ ) and MnS precipitates are mixed It may include; final annealing in a reducing gas atmosphere at a temperature and 1 atmosphere.
- the electrical steel sheet steel slab satisfying the above composition is reheated to 950 ° C. to 1250 ° C. and then hot rolled. If the reheating temperature is less than 950 °C, excessive force is required during hot rolling, which puts a strain on the equipment or it is difficult to perform smooth hot rolling. limited to
- the reheated slab is hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured as described above can be cold-rolled after pickling without annealing, or hot-rolled steel sheet can be annealed before cold rolling to improve magnetic properties.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet annealing temperature may be a ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS precipitate temperature in which an austenite ( ⁇ ) phase does not exist in the region of 800°C to 1250°C, and a single phase of ferrite ( ⁇ ) or ferrite ( ⁇ ) and MnS precipitates are mixed. In this range, precipitation of MnS is active, so that the S content in the steel can be minimized, thereby promoting the growth of (001) grains rather than ⁇ 111 ⁇ grains during final annealing.
- the annealing temperature of the hot-rolled steel sheet is lower than 800°C, the grain structure is not uniform, and when it exceeds 1250°C, the surface defects of the hot-rolled sheet are excessive due to excessive grain growth.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled in a conventional manner after pickling.
- the pickled hot-rolled steel sheet can be subjected to two-stage cold rolling in which the primary cold-rolled steel sheet is intermediate annealed and then secondary cold-rolled.
- the secondary cold rolling ratio in the case of two-stage cold rolling may be 25% to 90%.
- the intermediate annealing temperature may be a ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS precipitate temperature in which an austenite ( ⁇ ) phase does not exist in the region of 650° C. to 1250° C., and a ferrite ( ⁇ ) single phase or ferrite ( ⁇ ) and MnS precipitates are mixed.
- MnS precipitation is active in the above range, so that the S content in the steel can be minimized, thereby promoting the growth of (001) grains rather than ⁇ 111 ⁇ grains during final annealing.
- the intermediate annealing temperature is lower than 650 ° C., recrystallization is difficult to occur in the cold rolled steel sheet, and if it is higher than 1250 ° C., it becomes difficult to grow (001) grains during final annealing due to excessive grain growth.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet does not have an austenite ( ⁇ ) phase, and a single phase of ferrite ( ⁇ ) or ferrite ( ⁇ ) and MnS precipitates
- An electrical steel sheet composed of (001) crystal grains can be easily manufactured by final annealing for a long time in a reducing gas atmosphere of 1 atm and a temperature of mixed ferrite ( ⁇ ) + MnS precipitates.
- the non-oriented electrical steel sheet composed of ⁇ 111 ⁇ uvw> texture applied to the current motor iron core changes the measurement angle from 0° to 45° with respect to the rolling direction and changes the magnetic properties depending on the direction. It shows a difference of about ⁇ 5% compared to the average value, so the measured value shows a difference of up to 10%. Therefore, due to this difference, strictly speaking, the average value of the electrical steel sheet should be indicated using a ring type test piece, but in general, a rectangular steel sheet test piece and a DC magnetometer are used to measure the rolling direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction. Two magnetic properties in one direction are shown as representative values of the electrical steel sheet.
- the magnetic properties of the electrical steel sheet composed of (001)[010] texture increase from 0° to 45° from the rolling direction, and as the deviation angle increases, the magnetic flux density becomes the maximum value. changes abruptly to the minimum value, and the iron loss changes from the minimum value to the maximum value.
- the magnetic flux density increases from the minimum value to the maximum value, and the iron loss increased from the maximum value to the maximum value. decreases to the minimum value.
- the magnetic properties of the present invention composed of (001) texture are measured by the non-oriented electrical steel sheet magnetism in the direction parallel to the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. value cannot be represented. Therefore, in order to accurately represent the magnetic properties of the present invention composed of (001) crystal grains, the average value of the magnetic properties was measured using a ring type test piece as in the following example. For magnetic properties, a ring-type steel sheet having an inner diameter of 15 mm and an outer diameter of 30 mm is cut from the final annealed steel sheet, and the iron loss and magnetic flux density are measured after stress relief annealing in an argon (Ar) atmosphere at 800° C. for 1 hour.
- the product of the present invention composed of a texture is finally shipped to the customer after insulating film treatment.
- the insulating film may be treated with an organic, inorganic and organic/inorganic composite film, and may be subjected to a tension coating treatment to further reduce iron loss.
- a customer can use an electrical steel sheet composed of (001) texture after manufacturing a motor iron core, stress relief annealing at 800°C for 1 to 2 hours, and discharge after furnace cooling to 400°C.
- the slabs of the composition A to F of Table 1 (wt%, the balance is Fe) were heated to 1150° C. and hot-rolled to a thickness of 2.5 mm.
- Hot-rolled steel sheet is annealed at 1050°C for 2 minutes, after pickling, first cold rolling, intermediate annealing at 1050°C for 2 minutes, and then secondary cold rolling to a thickness of 0.05 mm, 0.10 mm or 0.2 mm (second cold rolling rate 50 %), a two-stage cold rolling was performed.
- the final annealing of the cold-rolled steel sheet was carried out according to the conditions of Table 2 below under a hydrogen (H 2 ) gas atmosphere of 1 atm.
- a slab of the composition E of Table 1 (wt%, balance is Fe) was heated to 1150° C. and hot-rolled to a thickness of 2.5 mm.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet was annealed at 1050° C. for 2 minutes, and after pickling, it was cold-rolled in one step to a thickness of 0.1 mm or 0.35 mm.
- the final annealing of the cold-rolled steel sheet was carried out according to the conditions of Table 2 below under a hydrogen (H 2 ) gas atmosphere of 1 atm.
- Example 1 steel grade (001) grain Cotton fraction, % iron loss, W 15/50 , Watts/kg magnetic flux density, B 50 , Tesla Average grain diameter, mm W 15/50 / steel plate thickness, Watts/kg/mm ⁇ Comparative Example 1
- a 5 3.27 1.688 0.30 32.7 - Example 1
- B 95 1.13 1.798 0.63 11.3 0
- Example 2 C 100 1.10 1.795 0.51 11.0 0
- Example 3 D 98 0.91 1.762 0.90 18.2 2.9
- Example 4 D 99 1.08 1.759 3.50 5.4 6.2
- Example 5 E 95 0.94 1.763 0.75 9.4 0
- Example 6 F 100 0.78 1.725 3.10 7.8 0
- Example 7 E 98 0.95 1.761 0.59 9.5 0
- Example 8 F 100 0.76 1.724 0.75 7.6 7.3
- Comparative Example 2 E 6 2.59 1.624 0.71 7.4 - Comparative Example 3 E 7 1.88 1.630 0.29 18.8 - Comparative Example
- the two-stage cold-rolled B to F steel grades exhibited 95% or more (001) area fraction and thus had excellent magnetic properties. Compared to the magnetic properties obtained in No. 10-1842417, the iron loss was much lower. In addition, the angle ( ⁇ ) between the [100] crystal direction in the (001) texture and the rolling direction was in the range of 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 7.3 ⁇ . On the other hand, A The steel grade had poor magnetic properties due to the extremely low (001) aspect ratio.
- Comparative Example 2 using steel grade E of the same composition as Example 7, an electrical steel sheet was manufactured by cold rolling in one stage to 0.35 mm, so the surface fraction was extremely low, and thus the magnetic properties were poor.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 using steel grade E of the same composition also exhibited poor magnetic properties due to an extremely low (001) area fraction.
- This poor magnetic property is because, in the case of a low final annealing temperature, the MnS decomposition reaction by hydrogen in the hydrogen atmosphere is insignificant, and as a result, the MnS precipitates present inside the steel sheet extremely inhibited the growth of (001) grains, and In this case, it is difficult to completely decompose the MnS precipitates during the limited final annealing time because the MnS decomposition reaction time by hydrogen in the hydrogen atmosphere increases rapidly. It is presumed to be because
- FIG. 5 is an orientation distribution function (ODF) for a 0.05 mm thick D steel sheet in which the area fraction of grains of Example 3 is 98%, as a set of (001) ⁇ 1200> + (001) ⁇ 230> represents the organization.
- ODF orientation distribution function
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the texture of FIG. 5 in an etch-fit form, and the angle ( ⁇ ) between the [100] crystal direction in the (001) texture representing the maximum surface strength and the rolling direction is 2.9 ⁇ ,
- the respective collective strength and the angle between the [001] direction, which is the axis of easy magnetization, and the rolling direction were mainly changed according to the secondary cold rolling rate during the two-stage rolling.
Abstract
Description
강종 | C | Si | Mn | S | N |
A | 0.0026 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.0045 | 0.0033 |
B | 0.0013 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 0.0006 | 0.0013 |
C | 0.0018 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 0.0021 | 0.0016 |
D | 0.0015 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.0005 | 0.0023 |
E | 0.0024 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 0.0097 | 0.0011 |
F | 0.0018 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 0.0010 | 0.0020 |
강종 | 냉간압연 방법 |
최종 소둔 조건 | 전기강판 두께, ㎜ | ||
온도(℃) | 시간 | ||||
비교예 1 | A | 2단 | 1050 | 20시간 | 0.10 |
실시예 1 | B | 2단 | 1050 | 20시간 | 0.10 |
실시예 2 | C | 2단 | 1050 | 20시간 | 0.10 |
실시예 3 | D | 2단 | 1200 | 13시간 | 0.05 |
실시예 4 | D | 2단 | 1200 | 13시간 | 0.2 |
실시예 5 | E | 2단 | 1150 | 12시간 | 0.10 |
실시예 6 | F | 2단 | 1150 | 12시간 | 0.10 |
실시예 7 | E | 2단 | 1200 | 13시간 | 0.10 |
실시예 8 | F | 2단 | 1200 | 13시간 | 0.10 |
비교예 2 | E | 1단 | 1200 | 10시간 | 0.35 |
비교예 3 | E | 1단 | 1000 | 10시간 | 0.10 |
비교예 4 | E | 1단 | 1000 | 10시간 | 0.35 |
강종 | (001) 결정립 면분율, % |
철손, W15/50, Watts/kg |
자속밀도, B50, Tesla |
평균 결정립 직경, ㎜ |
W15/50/강판두께, Watts/kg/mm |
θ | |
비교예 1 | A | 5 | 3.27 | 1.688 | 0.30 | 32.7 | - |
실시예 1 | B | 95 | 1.13 | 1.798 | 0.63 | 11.3 | 0 |
실시예 2 | C | 100 | 1.10 | 1.795 | 0.51 | 11.0 | 0 |
실시예 3 | D | 98 | 0.91 | 1.762 | 0.90 | 18.2 | 2.9 |
실시예 4 | D | 99 | 1.08 | 1.759 | 3.50 | 5.4 | 6.2 |
실시예 5 | E | 95 | 0.94 | 1.763 | 0.75 | 9.4 | 0 |
실시예 6 | F | 100 | 0.78 | 1.725 | 3.10 | 7.8 | 0 |
실시예 7 | E | 98 | 0.95 | 1.761 | 0.59 | 9.5 | 0 |
실시예 8 | F | 100 | 0.76 | 1.724 | 0.75 | 7.6 | 7.3 |
비교예 2 | E | 6 | 2.59 | 1.624 | 0.71 | 7.4 | - |
비교예 3 | E | 7 | 1.88 | 1.630 | 0.29 | 18.8 | - |
비교예 4 | E | 5 | 2.61 | 1.610 | 0.67 | 7.5 | - |
Claims (6)
- 중량%로, Si: 2.0% 내지 4.0%, Mn: 0.5% 초과 2.0% 이하, S: 0.01% 이하(0%는 제외), C: 0.01% 이하(0%는 제외), N: 0.01% 이하(0%는 제외), 잔부 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하며,(001) 결정립들로 구성되고, 최대면강도를 나타내는 (001) 집합조직 내의 [100] 결정방향이 압연방향과 이루는 각도(θ)가 0˚ ≤ θ ≤ 8˚를 만족하며, 2단 냉간압연에 의해 0.05 내지 0.25 ㎜의 두께를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기강판.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 전기강판은 평균 (001) 결정립 직경이 강판 두께를 관통하고, 평균 (001) 결정립 직경이 강판 두께의 1배 내지 50배인, 전기강판.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 평균 (001) 결정립 직경은 0.3 내지 5 ㎜인, 전기강판.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 전기강판은 (001) 결정립의 면분율이 80% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기강판.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 전기강판은 자속밀도(B50)가 1.70 Tesla 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기강판.
- 제 5항에 있어서,상기 전기강판은 철손(W15/50) 대비 강판두께 비율이 4 내지 20 Watts/kg/㎜인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기강판.
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