WO2022107462A1 - リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法、およびボンド磁石 - Google Patents
リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法、およびボンド磁石 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022107462A1 WO2022107462A1 PCT/JP2021/036189 JP2021036189W WO2022107462A1 WO 2022107462 A1 WO2022107462 A1 WO 2022107462A1 JP 2021036189 W JP2021036189 W JP 2021036189W WO 2022107462 A1 WO2022107462 A1 WO 2022107462A1
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- Prior art keywords
- magnetic powder
- smfen
- phosphate
- anisotropic magnetic
- coated
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- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 121
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 110
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 64
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 43
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 40
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 8
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000612 Sm alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006038 crystalline resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- BJRVEOKYZKROCC-UHFFFAOYSA-K samarium(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Sm+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O BJRVEOKYZKROCC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCN ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TZZGHGKTHXIOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilyl-n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC TZZGHGKTHXIOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHLRJDNGHBXOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-trimethoxysilylpentane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(N)CCN KHLRJDNGHBXOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and a bonded magnet.
- Bond magnets using SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder are known as composite members used in motors used in water-containing environments such as water pumps.
- a bonded magnet that is excellent not only in water resistance and corrosion resistance (oxidation resistance) but also in heat resistance and water resistance.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that heat resistance can be improved by forming a coating layer after surface-treating an SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder with a plasma-treated gas.
- the coercive force is improved by forming a phosphate coating on the surface of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- SmFeN-based anisotropic by adding a phosphoric acid treatment solution containing pH-adjusted orthophosphoric acid to a slurry containing water-based slurry containing SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- a method of forming a phosphate coating on the surface of a magnetic powder is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 after adding a pH-adjusted phosphate treatment liquid to a slurry using an organic solvent as a solvent, which contains a SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder having a large particle size, the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is prepared.
- Disclosed is a method of forming a phosphate coating on the surface of an SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder while making the particles smaller by pulverization.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that the coercive force of the magnetic powder is increased by subjecting the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder on which the phosphate coating is formed to a slow oxidation treatment.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-050904 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2020-056101 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-210662 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-160794
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an anisotropic magnetic powder having excellent heat and water resistance and a bonded magnet.
- an inorganic acid is added to a slurry containing the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, water, and a phosphoric acid compound.
- a phosphoric acid treatment step for obtaining a SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder whose surface is coated with a phosphate by adjusting the pH of the slurry to 1 or more and 4.5 or less, and a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder. Includes an oxidation step of heat-treating the compound at 200 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- the bonded magnet according to one aspect of the present invention contains a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder having a phosphate content of more than 0.5% by mass and polypropylene, and is immersed in hot water at 120 ° C.
- the retention rate of the total flux after holding for 1000 hours under the conditions is 95% or more before the test.
- the magnetic powder according to one aspect of the present invention is a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, which has a phosphate content of more than 0.5% by mass and is a SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the phosphate coating portion present on the surface of the above has a first region and a second region, and the Sm atom concentration of the first region is higher than the Sm atom concentration in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the Sm atom concentration of the first region is 0.5 times or more and 4 times or less of the Fe atom concentration of the first region, and the second region exists on the first region, and the second region is present.
- the Sm atom concentration of is 1/3 times or less of the Fe atom concentration of the second region.
- the relationship between the immersion time of the bonded magnet under hot water immersion conditions and the irreversible demagnetization rate is shown.
- the STEM-EDX mapping analysis result of the magnetic powder of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is shown.
- the result of EDX line analysis of the magnetic powder of Example 1 is shown.
- the result of EDX line analysis of the magnetic powder of Comparative Example 2 is shown.
- a schematic diagram of one aspect of the phosphate-coated portion is shown.
- the method for producing the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder of the present embodiment is as follows.
- the surface is coated with phosphate by adding an inorganic acid to a slurry containing SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, water, and a phosphoric acid compound to adjust the pH of the slurry to 1 or more and 4.5 or less.
- It is characterized by including a phosphoric acid treatment step for obtaining a SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and an oxidation step for heat-treating the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder at 200 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. ..
- an inorganic acid is added to the slurry containing the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, water, and a phosphoric acid compound to adjust the pH of the slurry to 1 or more and 4.5 or less on the surface.
- a Phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is obtained.
- the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is a phosphate obtained by reacting a metal component (for example, iron or samarium) contained in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder with a phosphoric acid component contained in a phosphoric acid compound.
- iron phosphate for example, iron phosphate, samarium phosphate
- SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is formed by precipitating on the surface of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- an inorganic acid to adjust the pH of the slurry to 1 or more and 4.5 or less, the amount of phosphoric acid precipitated can be increased as compared with the case where no inorganic acid is added. , A phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder having a thick coating portion can be obtained.
- the solvent when the solvent is water, a phosphate having a smaller particle size is precipitated as compared with the case where the solvent is an organic solvent, so that the coating portion is densely coated with a phosphate-coated SmFeN system.
- a square magnetic powder can be obtained.
- the obtained phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is heat-treated at a high temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower under an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- the surface of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder of the base material coated with the phosphate is oxidized to form a thick iron oxide layer, so that the heat resistance of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is obtained. It is thought that the water content will improve.
- the method for producing a slurry containing the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, water, and the phosphoric acid compound is not particularly limited, but for example, an aqueous phosphate solution containing the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and the phosphoric acid compound using water as a solvent. And can be obtained by mixing.
- the content of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder in the slurry is, for example, 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and preferably 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the content of the phosphoric acid component ( PO 4 ) in the slurry is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less in terms of PO4, and is 0.05 from the viewpoint of the reactivity and productivity of the phosphoric acid component. It is preferably 5% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
- the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is obtained by mixing a phosphoric acid compound and water.
- the phosphoric acid compound include phosphates such as orthophosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, zinc phosphate, and calcium phosphate, and hypophosphite.
- examples thereof include organic phosphoric acid such as acid-based, hypophosphite-based, pyrophosphoric acid-based, and polyphosphoric acid-based inorganic phosphoric acid. Only one of these may be used, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- oxo acid salts such as molybdenate, tungstate, vanazine salt and chromate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, etc.
- a chelating agent such as EDTA may be further added such as an oxidizing agent.
- the concentration of phosphoric acid ( PO4 equivalent amount) in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is, for example, 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and 10% by mass from the viewpoint of solubility of the phosphoric acid compound, storage stability and ease of chemical conversion treatment. It is preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the pH of the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is, for example, 1 or more and 4.5 or less, and preferably 1.5 or more and 4 or less from the viewpoint of easily controlling the precipitation rate of the phosphate.
- the pH can be adjusted with dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, or the like.
- the pH of the slurry is adjusted to 1 or more and 4.5 or less by adding an inorganic acid, but it is preferably adjusted to 1.6 or more and 3.9 or less, and adjusted to 2 or more and 3 or less. It is more preferable to do so.
- the pH is lower than 1, the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powders tend to aggregate with each other starting from the phosphate deposited in a large amount locally, and the coercive force tends to decrease. If the pH exceeds 4.5, the amount of phosphate deposited decreases, so that the coating becomes insufficient and the coercive force tends to decrease.
- inorganic acid to be added examples include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, and hydrofluoric acid.
- an inorganic acid is added at any time so as to be within the above pH range.
- Inorganic acids are used from the viewpoint of waste liquid treatment, but organic acids can be used in combination depending on the purpose. Examples of the organic acid include acetic acid, formic acid, tartaric acid and the like. Inorganic acid and organic acid may be mixed and used.
- the phosphoric acid treatment step may be carried out so that the lower limit of the phosphate content in the obtained phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is larger than 0.5% by mass.
- the lower limit of the phosphate content of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder obtained in the phosphoric acid treatment step is preferably 0.55% by mass or more, and preferably 0.75% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the phosphate content is 4.5% by mass or less, preferably 2.5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the phosphate content of the magnetic powder is expressed in terms of PO 4 molecule equivalent measured by ICP emission spectroscopic analysis (ICP-AES).
- the adjustment of the slurry containing the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, water, and the phosphoric acid compound to the pH range of 1 or more and 4.5 or less can be performed for 10 minutes or more, and the point that the thin portion of the coating portion is reduced. It is preferable to carry out for 30 minutes or more.
- the pH control interval is short because the pH rises quickly, but as the coating progresses, the pH fluctuation gradually slows down and the inorganic acid input interval becomes longer, so the reaction end point is I can judge.
- the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder coated with the phosphate obtained in the phosphoric acid treatment step is heat-treated at 200 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to perform an oxidation treatment.
- SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder coated with phosphate is heat-treated at a high temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to form a base material smFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder coated with phosphate.
- the surface of the is oxidized to form a thick iron oxide layer, and the heat resistance and water resistance of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder are improved.
- the oxidation step after the phosphoric acid treatment is performed by heat-treating the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- the reaction atmosphere preferably contains oxygen in an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 3% or more and 21% or less, and more preferably 3.5% or more and 10% or less.
- the heat treatment temperature in the oxidation step after the phosphoric acid treatment is 200 ° C. or higher and 330 ° C. or lower, preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 210 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower. Below 200 ° C., the formation of the iron oxide layer is insufficient, and the heat-resistant water tends to be small. If the temperature exceeds 330 ° C., an iron oxide layer is excessively formed, and the coercive force tends to decrease.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 3 hours or more and 10 hours or less.
- the phosphate coating portion existing on the surface of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder has a first region, and the Sm atomic concentration in the first region is the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder. It is preferable that the Sm atom concentration in the first region is higher than the Sm atom concentration in the medium and the Sm atom concentration in the first region is 0.5 times or more and 4 times or less the Fe atom concentration in the first region.
- the Sm atom concentration in the first region can be 1.02 times or more, preferably 1.05 times or more, preferably 1.1 times or more the Sm atom concentration in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the Sm atomic concentration in the first region can be 3 times or less the Sm atomic concentration in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the Sm atom concentration in the first region is preferably 0.6 times or more and 3.5 times or less, and more preferably 0.7 times or more and 3 times or less the Fe atom concentration in the first region.
- the atomic concentration (atm%) of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and the first region is obtained by averaging the atomic concentrations (atm%) in each region in the STEM-EDX line analysis.
- the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder of the present embodiment is characterized by having a phosphate content of more than 0.5% by mass.
- the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder can be obtained by the method described above.
- the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder preferably has a heat generation start temperature of 170 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 260 ° C. or higher.
- the heat generation start temperature in DSC is a comprehensive evaluation of the density, thickness, oxidation resistance, etc. of the phosphate coating, and a high coercive force can be obtained when the temperature is 170 ° C. or higher.
- the heat generation start temperature in the DSC can be measured under the conditions described in the examples.
- the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder has a ratio of the diffraction peak intensity (I) on the (110) plane of ⁇ Fe to the peak intensity (II) on the (300) plane of the SmFeN-based magnetic powder in the XRD diffraction pattern.
- (I) / (II) is preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 -2 or less, and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -2 or less.
- the diffraction peak intensity (I) on the (110) plane of ⁇ Fe represents the abundance of the impurity ⁇ Fe, and when the ratio (I) / (II) described above is 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 or less. , High coercive force can be obtained.
- the diffraction peak intensity in the XRD diffraction pattern was measured by a powder X-ray crystal diffractometer (manufactured by Rigaku, X-ray wavelength: CuKa1), and the measured diffraction peak intensity on the (110) plane of ⁇ Fe was Sm 2 Fe 17 .
- the value obtained by dividing by the peak intensity of the ( 300 ) plane of N3 and then multiplying by 10,000 can be obtained as the ⁇ Fe peak height ratio.
- a low ⁇ Fe peak height ratio means that the content of the impurity ⁇ Fe is low.
- the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder preferably has a carbon content of 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 800 ppm or less.
- the carbon content indicates the amount of organic impurities in the phosphate, and when the carbon content exceeds 1000 ppm, the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is exposed to a high temperature in the process of producing a bonded magnet. As a result, organic impurities are decomposed and defects are generated in the coating portion, so that the coercive force tends to decrease.
- the carbon content can be measured by the TOC method.
- the thickness of the phosphate-coated portion of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is preferably 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less from the viewpoint of the coercive force of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the thickness of the phosphate-coated portion can be measured by performing a composition analysis on the cross section of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder by line analysis using EDX.
- the phosphate coating portion existing on the surface of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder has a first region, and the Sm atomic concentration of the first region is higher than the Sm atomic concentration in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, and It is preferable that the Sm atom concentration in the first region is 0.5 times or more and 4 times or less the Fe atom concentration in the first region.
- the Sm atom concentration in the first region can be 1.02 times or more, preferably 1.05 times or more, preferably 1.1 times or more the Sm atom concentration in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder. It is more preferable that there is, and it is further preferable that it is 1.2 times or more.
- the Sm atomic concentration in the first region can be 3 times or less the Sm atomic concentration in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the Sm atom concentration in the first region is preferably 0.6 times or more and 3.5 times or less, and more preferably 0.7 times or more and 3 times or less the Fe atom concentration in the first region.
- the relationship between the Sm atom concentration and the Fe atom concentration in the first region is within the above range, the Fe atom concentration near the surface of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder becomes low, and the solubility of samarium phosphate in water is low. As the content increases, the water resistance tends to improve.
- the first region is a region including a layer showing the maximum peak of P (phosphorus) in the STEM-EDX line analysis of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the thickness of the first region can be 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and preferably 3 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the atomic concentration (atm%) of each element in the first region, the second region described later, and the Mo high concentration layer is obtained by averaging the atomic concentrations (atm%) in each region in the STEM-EDX line analysis. Desired.
- the phosphate-coated portion preferably has a second region above the first region, and the Sm atom concentration of the second region is preferably 1/3 times or less of the Fe atom concentration of the second region.
- the Sm atom concentration in the second region is more preferably 1/5 times or less, and further preferably 1/10 times or less the Fe atom concentration in the second region.
- the Sm atom concentration in the second region can be 0 times or more the Fe atom concentration in the second region.
- the second region is a region including a layer showing the maximum peak of Fe (iron) in the phosphate coating in the STEM-EDX line pro analysis of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder. ..
- the thickness of the second region can be 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less, preferably 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the Fe atom concentration in the second region is preferably twice or more, more preferably three times or more, the Fe atom concentration in the first region.
- the Fe atom concentration in the second region is preferably 10 times or less the Fe atom concentration in the first region.
- the Fe atomic concentration in the second region is preferably 0.25 times or more and 1 or less, and 0.5 times or more and 0.8 times the Fe atomic concentration in the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder which is the base material.
- the following is more preferable.
- the P (phosphorus) atom concentration in the second region is lower than the P atom concentration in the first region.
- the P atom concentration in the second region is preferably 1/5 times or less, more preferably 1/10 times or less, the P atom concentration in the first region.
- the phosphate-coated portion may have a Mo high-concentration layer in the first region and the second region. It is preferable that three Mo high-concentration layers are present in the phosphate-coated portion, that is, three Mo (molybdenum) peaks are present in the STEM-EDX line analysis of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder. Is preferable.
- the Mo high-concentration layer can also be confirmed in the STEM-EDX mapping analysis.
- the Mo high-concentration layer is a region including a layer showing a peak of Mo (molybdenum) in the STEM-EDX line analysis of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the thickness of the Mo high concentration layer is preferably 1 nm or more and 40 nm or less. As described above, when the Mo high concentration layer has three layers, the water resistance tends to be improved by forming the phosphate coating portion having a larger layer structure.
- the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder after the phosphoric acid treatment may be subjected to silica treatment, if necessary.
- silica treatment By forming a silica thin film on the magnetic powder, oxidation resistance can be improved.
- the silica thin film can be formed, for example, by mixing an alkyl silicate, a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, and an alkaline solution.
- the magnetic powder after the silica treatment may be further treated with a silane coupling agent.
- a silane coupling agent film is formed on the silica thin film, improving the magnetic properties of the magnetic powder, as well as improving the wettability with the resin and the strength of the magnet. can do.
- the silane coupling agent may be selected according to the type of resin and is not particularly limited. For example, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-).
- Aminoethyl Aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ - (N-vinylbenzylaminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride , ⁇ -Glysidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, ⁇ -chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, hexamethylene disilazane, ⁇ -ani Renopropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyl [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride,
- the amount of the silane coupling agent added is preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more and 0.8 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 0.25 parts by weight or more and 0.6 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the magnetic powder. If it is less than 0.2 parts by weight, the effect of the silane coupling agent is small, and if it exceeds 0.8 parts by weight, the magnetic properties of the magnetic powder and the magnet tend to be deteriorated due to the aggregation of the magnetic powder.
- the Sm raw material and the Fe raw material are dissolved in a strongly acidic solution to prepare a solution containing Sm and Fe.
- the molar ratio of Sm and Fe (Sm: Fe) is preferably 1.5:17 to 3.0:17, and 2.0:17 to 2.5:17. Is more preferable.
- Raw materials such as La, W, Co, Ti, Sc, Y, Pr, Nd, Pm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu may be added to the above-mentioned solution.
- the Sm raw material and Fe raw material are not limited as long as they can be dissolved in a strongly acidic solution.
- samarium oxide can be mentioned as the Sm raw material
- FeSO 4 can be mentioned as the Fe raw material.
- the concentration of the solution containing Sm and Fe can be appropriately adjusted within a range in which the Sm raw material and the Fe raw material are substantially dissolved in the acidic solution.
- the acidic solution include sulfuric acid in terms of solubility.
- the solution containing Sm and Fe may be a solution containing Sm and Fe at the time of reaction with the precipitating agent.
- the precipitating agent is not limited as long as it is an alkaline solution that reacts with a solution containing Sm and Fe to obtain a precipitate, and examples thereof include aqueous ammonia and caustic soda, and caustic soda is preferable.
- a method of dropping a solution containing Sm and Fe and a precipitating agent into a solvent such as water is preferable because the properties of the particles of the precipitate can be easily adjusted.
- the reaction temperature can be 0 to 50 ° C, preferably 35 to 45 ° C.
- the concentration of the reaction solution is preferably 0.65 mol / L to 0.85 mol / L, more preferably 0.7 mol / L to 0.84 mol / L, as the total concentration of the metal ions.
- the reaction pH is preferably 5 to 9, more preferably 6.5 to 8.
- the anisotropic magnetic powder particles obtained in the precipitation step roughly determine the powder particle size, powder shape, and particle size distribution of the finally obtained magnetic powder.
- the particle size of the obtained particles is measured by a laser diffraction type wet particle size distribution meter, the total powder has a size and distribution within the range of 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. Is preferable.
- the average particle size of the anisotropic magnetic powder particles is measured as a particle size corresponding to 50% of the cumulative volume from the small particle size side in the particle size distribution, and is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a step of separating and washing the obtained precipitate may be included.
- the washing step is appropriately performed until the conductivity of the supernatant solution becomes 5 mS / m 2 or less.
- a step of separating the precipitate for example, a filtration method, a decantation method or the like can be used after adding a solvent (preferably water) to the obtained precipitate and mixing them.
- the heat treatment temperature (hereinafter referred to as the oxidation temperature) in the oxidation step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 700 to 1300 ° C, more preferably 900 to 1200 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 700 ° C., the oxidation becomes insufficient, and if the temperature exceeds 1300 ° C., the desired shape, average particle size and particle size distribution of the magnetic powder tend not to be obtained.
- the heat treatment time is not particularly limited, but 1 to 3 hours is preferable.
- the obtained oxide is an oxide particle in which sm and Fe are sufficiently microscopically mixed in the oxide particle, and the shape of the precipitate, the particle size distribution, and the like are reflected.
- the reducing gas is appropriately selected from hydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH 4 ), but hydrogen gas is preferable in terms of cost, and the flow rate of the gas is oxidation. It is adjusted appropriately as long as the object does not scatter.
- the heat treatment temperature (hereinafter, pretreatment temperature) in the pretreatment step is in the range of 300 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower, preferably 400 ° C. or higher, more preferably 750 ° C. or higher, and preferably less than 900 ° C.
- the pretreatment temperature is 300 ° C. or higher, the reduction of the oxide containing Sm and Fe proceeds efficiently. Further, when the temperature is 950 ° C.
- the oxide particles are suppressed from growing and segregating, and the desired particle size can be maintained.
- hydrogen is used as the reducing gas, it is preferable to adjust the thickness of the oxide layer to be used to 20 mm or less, and further adjust the dew point in the reaction furnace to ⁇ 10 ° C. or less.
- Metallic calcium is used in the form of granules or powder, and the particle size thereof is preferably 10 mm or less. This makes it possible to more effectively suppress aggregation during the reduction reaction.
- metallic calcium is a reaction equivalent (a stoichiometric amount required to reduce Sm oxide, and if Fe is in the form of an oxide, it includes the amount required to reduce it). It can be added in an amount of 1.1 to 3.0 times, preferably 1.5 to 2.0 times.
- a disintegration accelerator can be used as needed together with the metallic calcium which is a reducing agent.
- This disintegration accelerator is appropriately used to promote disintegration and granulation of the product in the washing step described later.
- alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium chloride and alkaline soil such as calcium oxide. Examples include oxides.
- These disintegration accelerators are used in a proportion of 1 to 30% by mass, preferably 5 to 28% by mass, per Sm oxide used as a Sm source.
- the nitriding step is a step of obtaining anisotropic magnetic particles by nitriding the alloy particles obtained in the reduction step. Since the particulate precipitate obtained in the above-mentioned precipitation step is used, porous lumpy alloy particles can be obtained in the reduction step. As a result, nitriding can be performed uniformly by heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere immediately without performing pulverization treatment.
- the heat treatment temperature (hereinafter referred to as nitriding temperature) in the nitriding treatment of the alloy particles is preferably a temperature of 300 to 600 ° C., particularly preferably 400 to 550 ° C., and is carried out by replacing the atmosphere with a nitrogen atmosphere in this temperature range.
- the heat treatment time may be set so that the nitriding of the alloy particles is sufficiently uniform.
- the product obtained after the nitriding step contains CaO by-produced, unreacted metallic calcium, and the like in addition to the magnetic particles, and may be in a sintered mass state in which these are combined. Therefore, in that case, this product can be put into cooling water to separate CaO and metallic calcium from the magnetic particles as a calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) suspension. Further, the residual calcium hydroxide may be sufficiently removed by washing the magnetic particles with acetic acid or the like.
- the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder has a Th 2 Zn 17 -type crystal structure, and is nitrided from a rare earth metal samarium Sm represented by the general formula Sm x Fe 100-xy N y , iron Fe, and nitrogen N. It is a thing. Here, it is preferable that x is 8.1 atomic% or more and 10 atomic% or less, y is 13.5 atomic% or more and 13.9 atomic% or less, and the balance is mainly Fe.
- the average particle size of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is 2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 4.8 ⁇ m or less. If it is less than 2 ⁇ m, the filling amount of the magnetic powder in the bonded magnet becomes small, so that the magnetization decreases, and if it exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the coercive force of the bonded magnet tends to decrease.
- the average particle size is the particle size measured under dry conditions using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device.
- the particle size D10 of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is 1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 2.5 ⁇ m or less. If it is less than 1 ⁇ m, the filling amount of the magnetic powder in the bonded magnet becomes small, so that the magnetization decreases, while if it exceeds 3 ⁇ m, the coercive force of the bonded magnet tends to decrease.
- D10 is a particle size corresponding to an integrated value of the particle size distribution based on the volume of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder of 10%.
- the particle size D50 of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 2.7 ⁇ m or more and 4.8 ⁇ m or less. If it is less than 2.5 ⁇ m, the filling amount of the magnetic powder in the bonded magnet becomes small, so that the magnetization decreases, and if it exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the coercive force of the bonded magnet tends to decrease.
- D50 is a particle size corresponding to an integrated value of the particle size distribution based on the volume of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder of 50%.
- the particle size D90 of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is 3 ⁇ m or more and 7 ⁇ m or less, preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less. If it is less than 3 ⁇ m, the filling amount of the magnetic powder in the bonded magnet becomes small, so that the magnetization decreases, and if it exceeds 7 ⁇ m, the coercive force of the bonded magnet tends to decrease.
- D90 is a particle size corresponding to 90% of the integrated value of the particle size distribution based on the volume of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- Span (D90-D10) / D50 Is 2 or less from the viewpoint of coercive force, preferably 1.5 or less.
- the circularity of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.6 or more. If it is less than 0.5, the fluidity deteriorates and stress is applied between the particles during molding, so that the magnetic properties deteriorate.
- the SEM image taken at 3000 times is binarized by image processing, and the circularity is obtained for one particle.
- the method for producing a compound for a bonded magnet according to the present embodiment is characterized by including a step of obtaining a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and a step of kneading the magnetic powder with polypropylene, and polypropylene is used. As a result, heat resistance and water resistance are improved. Of these, the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is obtained by the method described above.
- the strands are extruded with a twin-screw extruder, air-cooled, and then cut into several mm sizes with a pelletizer to obtain a pellet-shaped compound for a bonded magnet.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polypropylene used is preferably in the range of 20,000 or more and 200,000 or less. If the weight average molecular weight is less than 20,000, the mechanical strength of the bonded magnet after molding tends to decrease, and if it is more than 200,000, the viscosity of the bond magnet compound tends to increase.
- polypropylene is preferably acid-modified for the purpose of improving the bondability with the coupled magnetic powder, and for example, polypropylene acid-modified with maleic anhydride is preferably used.
- the denaturation rate of the acid with respect to polypropylene is preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less.
- the adhesion to the magnetic powder becomes insufficient, and the mechanical strength and water resistance of the bonded magnet are lowered. If it exceeds 10% by weight, the water absorption rate of the resin becomes high, so that the water resistance of the bonded magnet is lowered.
- the content of the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder in the compound for bonded magnets is preferably 80% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and 90% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less from the viewpoint of obtaining high magnetic properties. More preferred.
- the content of polypropylene in the compound for bonded magnets is preferably 3% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less from the viewpoint of ensuring fluidity.
- antioxidants such as thermoplastic elastomers and phosphorus-based antioxidants can be kneaded at the same time.
- the mass ratio of polypropylene to the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably in the range of 90:10 to 50:50, and more preferably in the range of 89:11 to 70:30 from the viewpoint of impact resistance.
- the content of the phosphorus-based antioxidant in the bond magnet compound is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less.
- polypropylene polypropylene
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- LCP liquid crystal polymer
- PA polyamide
- PE polyethylene
- the above-mentioned crystalline resin and the glass transition point (Tg) of the modified polyphenylene ether (m-PPE), cycloolefin polymer (COP), cycloolefin copolymer (COC), etc. are not 100 ° C or higher.
- a mixture mixed with a crystalline resin or a polymer alloy can be used.
- a polymer alloy of modified polyphenylene ether (m-PPE) and polypropylene can be preferably used.
- the compound for a bonded magnet of the present embodiment is characterized by containing a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and polypropylene.
- a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and polypropylene By containing the phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder and polypropylene, the heat resistance and water resistance of the bonded magnet produced by using these compounds for bonded magnets are improved.
- the compound for a bond magnet can be obtained by the method described above.
- the barrel temperature is selected according to the type of resin used, and can be 160 ° C. to 320 ° C., and similarly, the mold temperature can be, for example, 30 to 150 ° C.
- the alignment magnetic field in the alignment step is generated by using an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, and the magnitude of the magnetic field is preferably 4 kOe or more, more preferably 6 kOe or more.
- the magnitude of the magnetizing magnetic field in the magnetizing step is preferably 20 kOe or more, and more preferably 30 kOe or more.
- the bond magnet of the present embodiment has resistance to hot water, it can be suitably used as a drive source for a fuel pump, a water pump, or the like in an automobile, a motorcycle, or the like.
- Example 1 FeSO 4.7H 2 O 5.0 kg was mixed and dissolved in 2.0 kg of pure water. Further, 0.49 kg of Sm 2 O 3 and 0.74 kg of 70% sulfuric acid were added and stirred well to completely dissolve them. Next, pure water was added to the obtained solution to adjust the Fe concentration to 0.726 mol / L and the Sm concentration to 0.112 mol / L to prepare a SmFe sulfuric acid solution.
- Drainage and water injection were repeated until the value became 100 ⁇ S / cm or less to obtain a slurry containing 10% by mass of SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- 100 g of the prepared phosphoric acid treatment liquid was put into the treatment tank in its entirety, and then 6% by weight of hydrochloric acid was added at any time to adjust the pH of the phosphoric acid treatment reaction slurry to 2.5 ⁇ 0. It was controlled in the range of .1 and maintained for 30 minutes. Subsequently, suction filtration, dehydration, and vacuum drying were carried out to obtain a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature in the oxidation treatment step was changed from 230 ° C. to 200 ° C. to obtain a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder that had been oxidized.
- Example 1 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature in the oxidation treatment step was changed from 230 ° C. to 170 ° C. to obtain an oxidation-treated phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- Example 2 The phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder in Example 1 was used, and no oxidation treatment was performed after the phosphoric acid treatment step.
- Hydrogen chloride 70 g of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the slurry containing 1000 g of the SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder obtained in the water washing step, and the mixture is stirred for 1 minute to remove the surface oxide film and dirt components, and then the conductivity of the supernatant liquid. Drainage and water injection were repeated until the value became 100 ⁇ S / cm or less to obtain a slurry containing 10% by mass of SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder. While stirring the obtained slurry, 100 g of the prepared phosphoric acid treatment liquid was put into the treatment tank in its entirety. The pH of the reaction slurry increased from 2.5 to 6 over 5 minutes. After stirring for 15 minutes, suction filtration, dehydration, and vacuum drying were performed to obtain a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- Comparative Example 4 The same procedure as in Comparative Example 3 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature in the oxidation treatment step was changed from 230 ° C. to 200 ° C. to obtain a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder that had been oxidized.
- Comparative Example 5 The same procedure as in Comparative Example 3 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature in the oxidation treatment step was changed from 230 ° C. to 170 ° C. to obtain a phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder that had been oxidized.
- Comparative Example 6 The phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder in Comparative Example 3 was used, and no oxidation treatment was performed after the phosphoric acid treatment step.
- IPA isopropanol
- [Oxidation treatment step 2 after phosphoric acid treatment step] 15 g of phosphoric acid-treated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder is gradually heated from room temperature in an atmosphere of a mixed gas of nitrogen and air (oxygen concentration 4%, 5 L / min), and heat-treated at a maximum temperature of 150 ° C. for 8 hours. was carried out to obtain an oxidation-treated phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- Comparative Example 8 The same procedure as in Comparative Example 7 was carried out except that the heat treatment temperature in the oxidation treatment step was changed from 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. to obtain an oxidation-treated phosphate-coated SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder.
- the layer corresponding to (2) can be confirmed on the outermost surface of the base material SmFeN-based anisotropic magnetic powder, but most of it is a phosphate coating containing Fe, Sm, and Mo. , No significant change in the layer corresponding to (1) and (3) to (5) of Example 1 can be confirmed.
- each metal element Fe, Sm, Mo
- the magnetic powder having such an oxidation-treated coating has better water resistance as a bonded magnet.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法は、
SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末、水、およびリン酸化合物を含むスラリーに対して無機酸を添加して、スラリーのpHを1以上4.5以下に調整することにより表面にリン酸塩が被覆されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得るリン酸処理工程、および
リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を酸素含有雰囲気下200℃以上330℃以下で熱処理する酸化工程を含むことを特徴とする。
SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末、水、およびリン酸化合物を含むスラリーを作製する方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、水を溶媒としてSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末とリン酸化合物を含むリン酸水溶液とを混合することによって得られる。スラリー中のSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の含有量は、例えば1質量%以上50質量%以下であり、生産性の点から5質量%以上20質量%以下であることが好ましい。スラリー中のリン酸成分(PO4)の含有量は、PO4換算量で、例えば0.01質量%以上10質量%以下であり、リン酸成分の反応性や生産性の点から0.05質量%以上5質量%以下であることが好ましい。
リン酸処理後の酸化工程では、リン酸処理工程で得られたリン酸塩が被覆されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末に、酸素含有雰囲気下200℃以上330℃以下で熱処理することで酸化処理を施す。リン酸塩が被覆されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を酸素含有雰囲気下200℃以上330℃以下の高温で熱処理することによりリン酸塩により被覆されている母材のSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の表面が酸化されて厚い酸化鉄層が形成され、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の耐熱水性が向上する。
本実施形態のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末は、リン酸塩の含有量が0.5質量%より大きいことを特徴とする。なお、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末は、前述した方法により得られる。
リン酸処理後のSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末は、必要に応じてシリカ処理を行ってもよい。磁性粉末にシリカ薄膜を形成することにより、耐酸化性を向上できる。シリカ薄膜は、例えば、アルキルシリケート、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末、およびアルカリ溶液を混合することにより形成できる。
シリカ処理後の磁性粉末を、さらにシランカップリング剤で処理してもよい。シリカ薄膜が形成された磁性粉末をシランカップリング処理することで、シリカ薄膜上にカップリング剤膜が形成され、磁性粉末の磁気特性が向上するとともに、樹脂との濡れ性、磁石の強度を改善することができる。シランカップリング剤は、樹脂の種類に合わせて選定すればよく特に限定されないが、例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-(2-アミノエチル)アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-(2-アミノエチル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N-β-(N-ビニルベンジルアミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン・塩酸塩、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、γ-クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ヘキサメチレンジシラザン、γ-アニリノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、オクタデシル[3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピル]アンモニウムクロライド、γ-クロロプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、メチルトリクロロシラン、ジメチルジクロロシラン、トリメチルクロロシラン、ビニルトリクロロシラン、ビニルトリス(βメトキシエトキシ)シラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、β-(3,4エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、N-β(アミノエチル)γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-β(アミノエチル)γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、オレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン、ポリエトキシジメチルシロキサン、ポリエトキシメチルシロキサン、ビス(トリメトキシシリルプロピル)アミン、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルファン、γ-イソシアネートプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルメチルジメトキシシラン、1,3,5-N-トリス(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)イソシアヌレート、t-ブチルカルバメートトリアルコキシシラン、N-(1,3-ジメチルブチリデン)-3-(トリエトキシシリル)-1-プロパンアミン等のシランカップリング剤が挙げられる。これらのシランカップリング剤は1種のみを使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。シランカップリング剤の添加量は、磁性粉末100重量部に対して、0.2重量部以上0.8重量部以下が好ましく、0.25重量部以上0.6重量部以下がより好ましい。0.2重量部未満ではシランカップリング剤の効果が小さく、0.8重量部を超えると、磁性粉末の凝集により、磁性粉末や磁石の磁気特性を低下させる傾向がある。
リン酸処理工程で使用するSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末は、特に限定されないが、例えば
SmとFeを含む溶液と沈殿剤を混合し、SmとFeとを含む沈殿物を得る工程(沈殿工程)、
前記沈殿物を焼成してSmとFeを含む酸化物を得る工程(酸化工程)、
前記酸化物を、還元性ガス含有雰囲気下で熱処理して部分酸化物を得る工程(前処理工程)、
前記部分酸化物を還元する工程(還元工程)、および
還元工程で得られた合金粒子を窒化処理する工程(窒化工程)
を含む方法によって製造されたものを好適に使用できる。
沈殿工程では、強酸性の溶液にSm原料、Fe原料を溶解して、SmとFeを含む溶液を調製する。Sm2Fe17N3を主相として得る場合、SmおよびFeのモル比(Sm:Fe)は1.5:17~3.0:17が好ましく、2.0:17~2.5:17がより好ましい。La、W、Co、Ti、Sc、Y、Pr、Nd、Pm、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Luなどの原料を前述した溶液に加えても良い。
酸化工程とは、沈殿工程で形成された沈殿物を焼成することにより、SmとFeとを含む酸化物を得る工程である。例えば、熱処理により沈殿物を酸化物に変換することができる。沈殿物を熱処理する場合、酸素の存在下で行われる必要があり、例えば、大気雰囲気下で行うことができる。また、酸素存在下で行われる必要があるため、沈殿物中の非金属部分に酸素原子を含むことが好ましい。
前処理工程とは、SmとFeを含む酸化物を、還元性ガス雰囲気下で熱処理することにより、酸化物の一部が還元された部分酸化物を得る工程である。
還元工程とは、前記部分酸化物を、還元剤の存在下、920℃以上1200℃以下で熱処理することにより、合金粒子を得る工程であり、例えば部分酸化物をカルシウム融体またはカルシウムの蒸気と接触することで還元が行われる。熱処理温度は、磁気特性の点より950℃以上1150℃以下が好ましく、980℃以上1100℃以下がより好ましい。熱処理時間は、還元反応をより均一に行う観点から、120分未満が好ましく、90分未満がより好ましく、熱処理時間の下限は10分以上が好ましく、30分以上がより好ましい。
窒化工程とは、還元工程で得られた合金粒子を窒化処理することにより、異方性の磁性粒子を得る工程である。前述の沈殿工程で得られる粒子状の沈殿物を用いていることから、還元工程にて多孔質塊状の合金粒子が得られる。これにより、粉砕処理を行うことなく直ちに窒素雰囲気中で熱処理して窒化することができるため、窒化を均一に行うことができる。
スパン=(D90-D10)/D50
は、保磁力の点から2以下であり、1.5以下が好ましい。
本実施形態のボンド磁石用コンパウンドの製造方法は、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得る工程、および前記磁性粉末とポリプロピレンとを混練する工程を含むことを特徴としており、ポリプロピレンを用いることで、耐熱水性が向上する。このうち、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末は、前述した方法により得られる。
リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末とポリプロピレンとを混練する工程では、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末とポリプロピレンとの混合物を、単軸混練機、二軸混練機等の混練機を用いて180~300℃で混練する。例えば、磁性粉末と樹脂粉末をミキサーで混合した後、二軸押出機でストランドを押し出し、空冷した後ペレタイザーで数mmサイズに切断することでペレット形状のボンド磁石用コンパウンドを得ることができる。
本実施形態のボンド磁石用コンパウンドは、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末と、ポリプロピレンを含むことを特徴とする。リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末と、ポリプロピレンを含むことで、これらボンド磁石用コンパウンドを用いて作製されるボンド磁石の耐熱水性が向上する。なお、ボンド磁石用コンパウンドは前述した方法により得られる。
ボンド磁石用コンパウンドと、適切な成形機を用いることにより、ボンド磁石を製造することができる。具体的には例えば、成形機バレル内で溶融したボンド磁石用コンパウンドを、磁場を印可した金型内に射出成形し、磁化容易軸を揃え(配向工程)、冷却固化した後、空芯コイルもしくは着磁ヨークで着磁する(着磁工程)ことにより、ボンド磁石を得ることができる。
本実施形態のボンド磁石は、リン酸塩の含有量が0.5質量%より大きいリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末と、ポリプロピレンを含み、120℃の熱水浸漬条件下で1000時間保持後のトータルフラックスの維持率が、試験前の95%以上であることを特徴とする。120℃の熱水浸漬条件下で1000時間保持する耐熱水試験後のボンド磁石のトータルフラックスが、試験前のトータルフラックスの95%以上であることは、耐熱水性が高いことを意味し、96%以上が好ましく、97%以上がより好ましい。なお、トータルフラックスの維持率は、実施例に記載した条件で測定できる。また、ボンド磁石は、前述した方法により得られる。
純水2.0kgにFeSO4・7H2O 5.0kgを混合溶解した。さらにSm2O3 0.49kgと70%硫酸0.74kgとを加えてよく攪拌し、完全に溶解させた。次に、得られた溶液に純水を加え、最終的にFe濃度が0.726mol/L、Sm濃度が0.112mol/Lとなるように調整し、SmFe硫酸溶液とした。
温度が40℃に保たれた純水20kg中に、調製したSmFe硫酸溶液全量を反応開始から70分間で攪拌しながら滴下し、同時に15%アンモニア液を滴下させ、pHを7~8に調整した。これにより、SmFe水酸化物を含むスラリーを得た。得られたスラリーをデカンテーションにより純水で洗浄した後、水酸化物を固液分離した。分離した水酸化物を100℃のオーブン中で10時間乾燥した。
沈殿工程で得られた水酸化物を大気中1000℃で1時間、焼成処理した。冷却後、原料粉末として赤色のSmFe酸化物を得た。
[前処理工程]
SmFe酸化物100gを、嵩厚10mmとなるように鋼製容器に入れた。容器を炉内に入れ、100Paまで減圧した後、水素ガスを導入しながら、前処理温度の850℃まで昇温し、そのまま15時間保持した。非分散赤外吸収法(ND-IR)(株式会社堀場製作所製EMGA-820)により酸素濃度を測定したところ、5質量%であった。これにより、Smと結合している酸素は還元されず、Feと結合している酸素のうち、95%が還元される黒色の部分酸化物を得たことがわかった。
前処理工程で得られた部分酸化物60gと平均粒径約6mmの金属カルシウム19.2gとを混合して炉内に入れた。炉内を真空排気した後、アルゴンガス(Arガス)を導入した。1045℃まで上昇させて、45分間保持することにより、Fe-Sm合金粒子を得た。
引き続き、炉内温度を100℃まで冷却した後、真空排気を行い、窒素ガスを導入しながら、温度を450℃まで上昇させて、そのまま23時間保持して、磁性粒子を含む塊状生成物を得た。
窒化工程で得られた塊状の生成物を純水3kgに投入し、30分間攪拌した。静置した後、デカンテーションにより上澄みを排水した。純水への投入、攪拌及びデカンテーションを10回繰り返した。次いで99.9%酢酸2.5gを投入して15分間攪拌した。静置した後、デカンテーションにより上澄みを排水した。純水への投入、攪拌及びデカンテーションを2回繰り返し行い、続いて脱水と乾燥後、機械的解砕処理を行うことでSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末(平均粒径3μm)を得た。
リン酸処理液として、85%オルトリン酸:リン酸二水素ナトリウム:モリブデン酸ナトリウム2水和物=1:6:1の重量比で混合し、純水と希塩酸でpHを2、PO4濃度を20質量%に調整したものを準備した。水洗工程で得られたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末1000gを含むスラリーに対して塩化水素:70gの希塩酸を添加し1分間攪拌して表面酸化膜や汚れ成分を除去した後、上澄み液の導電率が100μS/cm以下になるまで排水と注水を繰り返し、SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を10質量%含むスラリーを得た。得られたスラリーを撹拌しながら、準備したリン酸処理液100gを処理槽中に全量投入した後、6重量%の塩酸を随時投入することでリン酸処理反応スラリーのpHを2.5±0.1の範囲にて制御し30分間維持した。続いて吸引濾過、脱水し、真空乾燥することでリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末1000gを窒素とエアーの混合ガス(酸素濃度4%、5L/min)雰囲気下で室温から徐々に昇温し、最高温度230℃で8時間の熱処理を実施し、酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
酸化処理工程の熱処理温度を230℃から200℃に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様に行い酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
酸化処理工程の熱処理温度を230℃から170℃に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様に行い、酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
実施例1におけるリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を用い、リン酸処理工程後の酸化処理は行わなかった。
[リン酸処理工程]
実施例1と同様の方法で水洗工程までを実施し、磁性粉末を得た。リン酸処理液として、85%オルトリン酸:リン酸二水素ナトリウム:モリブデン酸ナトリウム2水和物=1:6:1の重量比で混合し、純水と希塩酸でpHを2.5、PO4濃度を20質量%に調整したものを準備した。水洗工程で得られたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末1000gを含むスラリーに対して塩化水素:70gの希塩酸を添加し1分間攪拌して表面酸化膜や汚れ成分を除去した後、上澄み液の導電率が100μS/cm以下になるまで排水と注水を繰り返し、SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を10質量%含むスラリーを得た。得られたスラリーを撹拌しながら、準備したリン酸処理液100gを処理槽中に全量投入した。反応スラリーのpHは5分かけて2.5から6に上昇した。15分攪拌した後に吸引濾過、脱水し、真空乾燥することでリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
リン酸処理されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末1000gを窒素とエアーの混合ガス(酸素濃度4%、5L/min)雰囲気下で室温から徐々に昇温し、最高温度230℃で8時間の熱処理を実施し、酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
酸化処理工程の熱処理温度を230℃から200℃に変更したこと以外は比較例3と同様に行い酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
酸化処理工程の熱処理温度を230℃から170℃に変更したこと以外は比較例3と同様に行い酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
比較例3におけるリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を用い、リン酸処理工程後の酸化処理は行わなかった。
[還元工程2]
平均粒径(D50)約50μmの鉄粉末52.5gと、平均粒径(D50)3μmの酸化サマリウム粉末21.3gと、金属カルシウム10.5gとの混合粉末を充填した坩堝を炉内に入れた。炉内を真空排気した後、アルゴンガス(Arガス)を導入した。1150℃まで上昇させて5時間保持することにより、Fe-Sm合金粒子を得た。
続いて、上記Fe-Sm合金粒子をアンモニア―水素混合ガス中、420℃で23時間の熱処理を実施し、磁性粒子を含む塊状生成物を得た。
窒化工程で得られた塊状の生成物を純水3kgに投入し、30分間攪拌した。静置した後、デカンテーションにより上澄みを排水した。純水への投入、攪拌及びデカンテーションを10回繰り返した。次いで99.9%酢酸2.5gを投入して15分間攪拌した。静置した後、デカンテーションにより上澄みを排水した。純水への投入、攪拌及びデカンテーションを2回繰り返し行った。続いて脱水と乾燥処理を行うことでSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末(平均粒径30μm)を得た。
得られた磁性粉末15gを、85%オルトリン酸水溶液0.44g、イソプロパノール(IPA)100ml、直径10mmのアルミナビーズ200gをガラス瓶に封入し、振動式ボールミルで120分間の粉砕処理を実施した。その後、スラリーをろ過した後、100℃の真空乾燥を実施し、リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末(平均粒径1.5μm)を得た。
リン酸処理されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末15gを窒素とエアーの混合ガス(酸素濃度4%、5L/min)雰囲気下で室温から徐々に昇温し、最高温度150℃で8時間の熱処理を実施し、酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
酸化処理工程の熱処理温度を150℃から200℃に変更したこと以外は比較例7と同様に行い、酸化処理されたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
(磁粉Br、iHc)
実施例1から2および比較例1から8において得られた磁性粉末について、VSM(振動試料型磁力計 理研電子製;型式:BHV-55)を用いて磁気特性(残留磁化σr、固有保磁力iHc)を測定した。また、残留磁化σr(単位:emu/g)に計算式(Br=4×π×ρ×σr、ρ:密度=7.66g/cm3)を用いて残留磁束密度Br(単位:kG)を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1から2および比較例1から8において得られた各磁性粉末中のリン濃度を、ICP発光分光分析法(ICP-AES)を用いて測定し、PO4分子量に換算した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1から2および比較例1から8において得られた各磁性粉末を20mg計量し、高温型示差走査熱分析装置(DSC6300、日立ハイテクサイエンス社製)を用いて、エアー雰囲気(200mL/min)、室温から400℃(昇温速度:20℃/min)、リファレンス:アルミナ(20mg)の測定条件でDSC分析を行い、発熱開始温度を測定した。DCS結果を表1に示す。発熱開始温度が高いことは、酸化による発熱が起こりにくいことから、リン酸被覆がより緻密に形成されていることを意味する。
実施例1および比較例2で得られた磁性粉末を、エポキシ樹脂に分散させて固化した後、クロスセクションポリッシャにて断面出しを行って測定用断面サンプルを得た。得られたサンプルについて、走査透過型電子顕微鏡(STEM;JEOL社製)/エネルギー分散型X線分析装置(EDX;JEOL社製)にてSTEM像(加速電圧200kV)を測定した。図2にSTEM-EDXマッピング分析結果(元素:O、P、Fe、Sm、Mo)を示す。図2において、酸化処理を行わなかった比較例2に対し、酸化処理を行った実施例1では酸化処理後に複数の層を有することが確認できる。すなわち、実施例1では、母材であるSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の最表面からリン酸塩被覆部外側方向に、(1)Moが濃縮した酸化物層、(2)Smが濃縮したリン酸塩被覆、(3)MoとFeが濃縮したリン酸塩層、(4)Feが濃縮した酸化物層、(5)MoとFeが濃縮した酸化物層の5つの領域を確認できる。一方、比較例2では、母材であるSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の最表面に(2)に相当する層は確認できるが、大部分がFe、Sm、Moを含むリン酸塩被覆であり、実施例1の(1)及び(3)~(5)に相当する顕著な層の変化は確認できない。
図3、図4にそれぞれ実施例1、比較例2のリン酸塩被覆部/SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末界面の矢印部に対応するEDXライン分析を示す。図3の実施例1では、3つに分裂したMoピーク(約21nm、13nm、7nmの位置)や、SmやFeがそれぞれ高濃度で含まれるピークが見られ、図2の結果と一致する。一方、図4の比較例2では、MoがSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の最表面にあたる65nm付近の位置にピークを持ち、リン酸塩被覆部外側に向けて緩やかに増大する特徴的な傾向がみられるが、大部分がリン酸サマリウムを主成分とする複合リン酸塩と推定される。
実施例1から2および比較例1から8において得られた磁性粉末、エチルシリケート40、および12.5重量%のアンモニア水を、それぞれ97.8:1.8:0.4の重量比で、ミキサーで混合した。混合物を真空中200℃で加熱して、粒子表面にシリカ薄膜が形成されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
上記により得られたシリカ薄膜が形成されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末と、12.5重量%のアンモニア水をミキサー内で混合した後、50重量%3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランのエタノール溶液をミキサーにて混合した。シリカ薄膜が形成されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末と12.5重量%のアンモニア水と3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランのエタノール溶液との重量比は、それぞれ99:0.2:0.8であった。その混合物を100℃の窒素雰囲気下で10時間乾燥し、シランカップリング処理されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得た。
シランカップリング処理されたSmFeN磁性粉末とポリプロピレン(無水マレイン酸変性率:1重量%、重量平均分子量:90,000)と酸化防止剤を重量比にしてそれぞれ91.5:8:0.5の重量比で混合し、二軸押出機で混練してボンド磁石用コンパウンドを得た。このときの混練温度は210℃であった。
[成形工程]
(磁石iHc)
耐水性評価用ボンド磁石成形品を空芯コイル内に配置し、60kOeの着磁磁界で着磁した後、BHトレーサーを用いて磁気特性(成形後磁石固有保磁力iHc)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
耐水性評価用ボンド磁石成形品を空芯コイルで60kOeの着磁磁界で着磁した後、磁石表面の汚れや油分をふき取った。その後、磁石全体を浸漬するのに充分な量の水とともに耐圧容器に仕込み、120℃のオーブン中で所定時間保持し、1000時間後の試験前後での磁石のトータルフラックス変化に基づき不可逆減磁率を求めた。なお、トータルフラックスは、サーチコイル内部に置いたボンド磁石成形品を、サーチコイル外部へ引き抜くことによるサーチコイル内の磁束変化量をフラックスメータ(日本電磁測器製;型式:NFX-1000)で測定し、不可逆減磁率は、以下の計算式で求めた。
不可逆減磁率(%)=(トータルフラックス(0hrの値)-トータルフラックス(所定時間後の値))/トータルフラックス(0hrの値)×100
不可逆減磁率が5%に到達した時間を表1に示し、処理時間と不可逆減磁率との関係を図1に示す。
Claims (14)
- SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末、水、およびリン酸化合物を含むスラリーに対して無機酸を添加して、スラリーのpHを1以上4.5以下に調整することにより表面にリン酸塩が被覆されたSmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を得るリン酸処理工程、および
リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を酸素含有雰囲気下200℃以上330℃以下で熱処理する酸化工程を含む、
リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法。 - 前記酸化工程において、200℃以上250℃以下で熱処理を行う、
請求項1に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法。 - リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末におけるリン酸塩の含有量が0.5質量%より大きい、請求項1または2に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法。
- SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の表面に存在するリン酸塩被覆部が第一領域を有し、
第一領域のSm原子濃度が、前記SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末中のSm原子濃度より高く、かつ、
前記第一領域のSm原子濃度が該第一領域のFe原子濃度の0.5倍以上4倍以下である、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法。 - 前記リン酸塩被覆部は、前記第一領域の上にさらに第二領域を有し、
前記第二領域のSm原子濃度が該第二領域のFe原子濃度の1/3倍以下である、
請求項4に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法。 - リン酸処理工程において、前記調整を10分間以上行うことを含む請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法。
- リン酸処理工程において、pHを1.6以上3.9以下に調整する請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られたリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末と、ポリプロピレンを混練する工程を含む、ボンド磁石用コンパウンドの製造方法。
- リン酸塩の含有量が0.5質量%より大きいリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末と、ポリプロピレンを含み、120℃の熱水浸漬条件下で1000時間保持後のトータルフラックスの維持率が、試験前の95%以上であるボンド磁石。
- リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末のDSCにおける発熱開始温度が170℃以上である、請求項9に記載のボンド磁石。
- リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末であって、
リン酸塩の含有量が0.5質量%より大きく、
SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末の表面に存在するリン酸塩被覆部は、第一領域及び第二領域を有し、前記第一領域のSm原子濃度が、前記SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末中のSm原子濃度より高く、
前記第一領域のSm原子濃度が、該第一領域のFe原子濃度の0.5倍以上4倍以下であり、かつ、
前記第二領域は、前記第一領域上に存在し、前記第二領域のSm原子濃度が該第二領域のFe原子濃度の1/3倍以下である、
リン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末。 - DSCにおける発熱開始温度が170℃以上である、請求項11に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られた、
請求項11または12に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末。 - 請求項11から13のいずれか1項に記載のリン酸塩被覆SmFeN系異方性磁性粉末を含む、ボンド磁石。
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