WO2022102961A1 - 양극활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬전지, 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
양극활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬전지, 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022102961A1 WO2022102961A1 PCT/KR2021/013373 KR2021013373W WO2022102961A1 WO 2022102961 A1 WO2022102961 A1 WO 2022102961A1 KR 2021013373 W KR2021013373 W KR 2021013373W WO 2022102961 A1 WO2022102961 A1 WO 2022102961A1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940071264 lithium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hydride Chemical compound [LiH] SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007578 melt-quenching technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KHDSWONFYIAAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon sulfide Chemical compound S=[Si]=S KHDSWONFYIAAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZVTQDOIPKNCMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylideneboranylsulfanyl)borane Chemical compound S=BSB=S ZVTQDOIPKNCMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/168—Pyrophosphorous acid; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M4/1315—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/76—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by a space-group or by other symmetry indications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- It relates to a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode and a lithium battery including the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a positive electrode active material having a high capacity is being studied in order to realize a lithium battery suitable for these uses.
- the olivine-based positive electrode active material has a high capacity but a low charge/discharge voltage.
- One aspect is to provide a new positive electrode active material that provides increased capacity density and has an increased average discharge voltage.
- Another aspect is to provide a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material.
- Another aspect is to provide a lithium battery employing the positive electrode.
- Another aspect is to provide a method of manufacturing the positive electrode active material.
- a cathode active material represented by the following formula (1) is provided:
- A is one or more elements selected from group 1 of the periodic table
- M is at least one metal element selected from Groups 2 to 4 and 6 to 16 of the periodic table, and is a divalent or higher cation;
- Z is one or more elements selected from group 17 of the periodic table
- a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material is provided.
- a lithium battery including an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is provided.
- a method for producing a positive electrode active material comprising: heat-treating the first composition for 3 to 20 hours in an oxidizing or inert atmosphere at 400° C. to 1000° C.:
- A is one or more elements selected from group 1 of the periodic table
- M is at least one metal element selected from Groups 2 to 4 and 6 to 16 of the periodic table, and is a divalent or higher cation;
- Z is one or more elements selected from group 17 of the periodic table
- the discharge capacity density of the lithium battery is improved by using a positive electrode active material of a new composition containing an excess of lithium.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a Li 2 CoP 2 O 7 -type structure including an excess of lithium.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery according to an embodiment.
- Lithium battery 2 Anode
- the "particle diameter" of a particle indicates an average diameter when the particle is spherical, and indicates an average major axis length when the particle is non-spherical.
- the particle size of the particles may be measured using a particle size analyzer (PSA).
- PSD particle size analyzer
- the "particle diameter" of the particles is, for example, the average particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter is, for example, the median particle diameter (D50).
- the median particle diameter (D50) is, for example, a particle size corresponding to a 50% cumulative volume calculated from a particle having a small particle size in a particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction method.
- a positive electrode active material according to exemplary embodiments, a positive electrode including the same, a lithium battery including the same, and a method of manufacturing the positive electrode active material will be described in more detail.
- a cathode active material according to an embodiment is represented by Formula 1:
- A is one or more elements selected from group 1 of the periodic table
- M is at least one metal element selected from Groups 2 to 4 and 6 to 16 of the periodic table, and is a divalent or higher cation;
- Z is one or more elements selected from group 17 of the periodic table
- M is, for example, a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, a divalent to 2.5 valent cation, or a divalent cation.
- the positive electrode active material contains a high content of the periodic table group 1 element and the periodic table group 17 element, structural relaxation occurs, and by this structural relaxation, an improved discharge capacity and a high discharge voltage are simultaneously provided.
- additional lithium is disposed in the crystal structure, for example, by increasing the lithium content in the lithium layer disposed between the metal layers of the crystal structure. A barrier to lithium ions in the crystal structure is reduced, thereby providing an improved discharge capacity.
- A may be, for example, at least one selected from Li, Na, and K.
- A may be, for example, Li.
- M is, for example, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir , Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, and may be at least one selected from Bi.
- M is, for example, Co, Ni. It may be at least one selected from Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr.
- Z may be one or more selected from F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the cathode active material may be, for example, represented by the following Chemical Formula 2:
- M is at least one metal element selected from Groups 2 to 4 and 6 to 16 of the periodic table, and is a divalent or higher cation;
- Z is one or more elements selected from group 17 of the periodic table
- M is, for example, a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, a divalent to 2.5 valent cation, or a divalent cation.
- the cathode active material may be, for example, represented by the following Chemical Formulas 3a to 3h:
- Z is one or more elements selected from group 17 of the periodic table
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- the cathode active material may be, for example, represented by the following Chemical Formulas 4a to 4d:
- M is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, At least one metal element selected from Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, and Po, and divalent more than one cation,
- M is independently of each other a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, a divalent to 2.5 valent cation, or a divalent cation.
- the cathode active material may be, for example, represented by the following Chemical Formulas 5a to 5h:
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, represented by the following formulas:
- Li 2.05 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.05 Li 2.10 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.10 , Li 2.15 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.15 , Li 2.20 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.20 , Li 2.25 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.25 , Li 2.30 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.30 , Li 2.35 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.35 , Li 2.40 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.40 , Li 2.45 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.45 , Li 2.50 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.5 , Li 2.55 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.55 , Li 2.60 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.60 , Li 2.65 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.65 , Li 2.70 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.70 , Li 2.75 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.75 , Li 2.80 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.80 , Li 2.85 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.85 , Li 2.90 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.90 , Li 3.0 CoP 2 O 7 F 1.0 , Li 3.25 CoP 2 O 7 F
- Li 2.05 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.05 Li 2.10 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.10 , Li 2.15 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.15 , Li 2.20 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.20 , Li 2.25 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.25 , Li 2.30 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.30 , Li 2.35 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.35 , Li 2.40 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.40 , Li 2.45 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.45 , Li 2.50 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.5 , Li 2.55 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.55 , Li 2.60 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.60 , Li 2.65 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.65 , Li 2.70 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.70 , Li 2.75 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.75 , Li 2.80 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.80 , Li 2.85 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.85 , Li 2.90 MnP 2 O 7 F 0.90 , Li 3.0
- Li 2.05 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.05 Li 2.10 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.10 , Li 2.15 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.15 , Li 2.20 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.20 , Li 2.25 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.25 , Li 2.30 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.30 , Li 2.35 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.35 , Li 2.40 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.40 , Li 2.45 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.45 , Li 2.50 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.5 , Li 2.55 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.55 , Li 2.60 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.60 , Li 2.65 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.65 , Li 2.70 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.70 , Li 2.75 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.75 , Li 2.80 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.80 , Li 2.85 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.85 , Li 2.90 FeP 2 O 7 F 0.90 , Li 3.0 FeP 2 O 7 F 1.0 , Li 3.25 FeP 2 O 7 F
- Li 2.05 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.05 Li 2.10 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.10 , Li 2.15 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.15 , Li 2.20 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.20 , Li 2.25 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.25 , Li 2.30 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.30 , Li 2.35 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.35 , Li 2.40 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.40 , Li 2.45 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.45 , Li 2.50 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.5 , Li 2.55 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.55 , Li 2.60 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.60 , Li 2.65 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.65 , Li 2.70 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.70 , Li 2.75 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.75 , Li 2.80 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.80 , Li 2.85 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.85 , Li 2.90 CuP 2 O 7 F 0.90 , Li 3.0 CuP 2 O 7 F 1.0 , Li 3.25 CuP 2 O 7 F
- Li 2.05 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.05 Li 2.10 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.10 , Li 2.15 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.15 , Li 2.20 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.20 , Li 2.25 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.25 , Li 2.30 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.30 , Li 2.35 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.35 , Li 2.40 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.40 , Li 2.45 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.45 , Li 2.50 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.5 , Li 2.55 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.55 , Li 2.60 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.60 , Li 2.65 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.65 , Li 2.70 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.70 , Li 2.75 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.75 , Li 2.80 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.80 , Li 2.85 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.85 , Li 2.90 ZnP 2 O 7 F 0.90 , Li 3.0
- Li 2.05 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.05 Li 2.10 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.10 , Li 2.15 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.15 , Li 2.20 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.20 , Li 2.25 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.25 , Li 2.30 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.30 , Li 2.35 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.35 , Li 2.40 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.40 , Li 2.45 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.45 , Li 2.50 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.5 , Li 2.55 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.55 , Li 2.60 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.60 , Li 2.65 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.65 , Li 2.70 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.70 , Li 2.75 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.75 , Li 2.80 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.80 , Li 2.85 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.85 , Li 2.90 CrP 2 O 7 F 0.90 , Li 3.0 CrP 2 O 7 F 1.0 , Li 3.25 CrP 2 O 7 F
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, represented by the following Chemical Formula 6:
- M1 and M2 are each independently one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation;
- Z1 and Z2 are each independently an element selected from Group 17 of the periodic table
- M1 and M2 are, independently of each other, a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, a divalent to 2.5 valent cation, or a divalent cation.
- the cathode active material may be, for example, represented by the following Chemical Formulas 6a to 6h:
- M2 is one metal element selected from Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- M2 is one metal element selected from Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- M2 is one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- M2 is one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- M2 is one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ti, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- M2 is one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ti, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- M2 is one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cr, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- M2 is one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ti, and is a divalent or higher cation
- Z2 is Cl or Br, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ?z ⁇ 1, and 0?w ⁇ 1.
- Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Cr are each independently a divalent to pentavalent cation, a divalent to tetravalent cation, a divalent to trivalent cation, and a divalent to 2.5 valent cation. a cation, or a divalent cation.
- the discharge capacity may be further improved.
- the positive electrode active material includes, for example, a phase having a monoclinic-like crystal structure. Since the cathode active material includes a phase having a monoclinic-like crystal structure, it may be electrochemically stable.
- the positive electrode active material includes, for example, a crystal phase belonging to a P2 1 /c-like space group. As the cathode active material includes a crystal phase belonging to a P2 1 /c-like spece group, the discharge capacity may be further improved.
- the cathode active material may further include, for example, a phase other than a phase having a monoclinic-like crystal structure.
- the positive electrode active material includes, for example, the compound represented by Formula 1 and has a monoclinic-like crystal structure belonging to the P2 1 /c-like space group (a phase ( phase) may be included.
- a phase phase
- a crystalline phase including at least one selected from the compounds represented by the following formulas 7a to 7d may be additionally included:
- M is at least one metal element selected from Groups 2 to 4 and 6 to 16 of the periodic table, and 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ q ⁇ 1, and 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 2.
- M is one metal element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ti.
- the cathode active material is, for example, Li 1.8 MP 2 O 7 , LiM 1.5 P 2 O 7 , Li 4 P 2 O 7 , and LiMPO in addition to a phase having a monoclinic-like crystal structure. It may further include one or more other phases selected from among 4 .
- the specific capacity of the cathode active material is 50 mAh/g or more, 70 mAh/g or more, 80 mAh/g or more, 100 mAh/g or more, 120 mAh/g or more, 140 mAh/g or more, 160 mAh/g or more, 180 mAh/g or more, or 200 mAh/g or more.
- the specific capacity of the cathode active material may be, for example, a specific capacity measured when a lithium battery including the cathode active material is discharged from 5.5V (vs. Li) to 4.0V (vs. Li) at 25°C.
- the average discharge voltage of the positive electrode active material may be, for example, 4V to 6V, 4V to 5V, or 4V to 4.5V.
- the average discharge voltage of the positive electrode active material may be a voltage obtained by dividing a value obtained by integrating an area of a profile in a discharge profile graph for the discharge voltage and specific capacity by the discharge capacity.
- the positive electrode active material may additionally include a carbon-based coating layer disposed on the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the carbon-based coating layer may be, for example, a conductive coating layer.
- the carbon-based material included in the carbon-based coating layer is not particularly limited, and any carbon-based material used in the art is possible.
- Carbon-based materials include, for example, carbon black, graphite fine particles, natural graphite, artificial graphite, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber; It may be a carbon nanotube or the like.
- the carbon-based material may be a carbide of an organic material such as a high molecular compound or a low molecular weight compound.
- the positive electrode active material including a carbon-based coating layer disposed on the surface of the positive electrode active material may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 8:
- A is one or more elements selected from group 1 of the periodic table
- M is at least one metal element selected from Groups 2 to 4 and 6 to 16 of the periodic table, and is a divalent or higher cation;
- Z is one or more elements selected from group 17 of the periodic table
- the average particle diameter of the cathode active material primary particles may be, for example, 50 nm to 1000 nm, 50 nm to 900 nm, 50 nm to 800 nm, 50 nm to 700 nm, 50 nm to 600 nm, 50 nm to 500 nm, 50 nm to 400 nm, 50 nm to 300 nm, 50 nm to 200 nm. .
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the cathode active material may be measured using a particle size analyzer (PSA).
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the positive electrode active material may be measured by analyzing an SEM image of a cross-section of the secondary particles.
- the positive electrode active material secondary particles may include a plurality of aggregates of the plurality of positive electrode active material primary particles.
- the average particle diameter of the secondary particles of the cathode active material may be, for example, 200nm to 50um, 500nm to 40um, 500nm to 30um, 500nm to 25um, 500nm to 20um, 500nm to 15um, 500nm to 10um.
- the average particle diameter of the secondary particles of the positive electrode active material may be measured using a particle size analyzer (PSA).
- a positive electrode according to another embodiment includes the above-described positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode includes the above-described positive electrode active material, an improved discharge capacity is provided.
- the positive electrode is, for example, manufactured by the following exemplary method, but is not necessarily limited to this method and is adjusted according to required conditions.
- a positive electrode active material composition is prepared by mixing the above-described positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent.
- the prepared positive electrode active material composition is directly coated on an aluminum current collector and dried to prepare a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode active material layer formed thereon.
- the positive electrode active material composition is cast on a separate support, and then a film obtained by peeling from the support is laminated on the aluminum current collector to prepare a positive electrode plate having a positive electrode active material layer formed thereon.
- Examples of the conductive agent include carbon black, graphite fine particles, natural graphite, artificial graphite, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber; carbon nanotubes; metal powder or metal fiber or metal tube, such as copper, nickel, aluminum, silver; Conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives are used, but are not limited thereto, and any conductive material used in the art may be used.
- binder vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a mixture of the aforementioned polymers, styrene butadiene rubber-based Polymer and the like are used, and as the solvent, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, water, etc. are used, but are not necessarily limited thereto, and any solvent used in the art is possible.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- pores in the electrode plate by further adding a plasticizer or a pore former to the cathode active material composition.
- the content of the composite positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder, and the solvent used in the positive electrode is the level commonly used in lithium batteries. According to the use and configuration of the lithium battery, it is possible to omit one or more of the conductive material, the binder, and the solvent.
- the positive electrode may additionally include other general positive electrode active materials in addition to the above-described composite positive electrode active material.
- a general positive electrode active material is a lithium-containing metal oxide, and any one commonly used in the art may be used without limitation.
- a complex oxide of lithium and a metal selected from cobalt, manganese, nickel, and combinations thereof may be used, and specific examples thereof include Li a A 1-b B b D 2 (above where 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5); Li a E 1-b B b O 2-c D c (in the above formula, 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05); LiE 2-b B b O 4-c D c (wherein 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5 and 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05); Li a Ni 1-bc Co b B c D ⁇ (wherein 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2
- A is Ni, Co, Mn, or a combination thereof
- B is Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, a rare earth element or a combination thereof
- D is O, F, S, P, or a combination thereof
- E is Co, Mn, or a combination thereof
- F is F, S, P, or a combination thereof
- G is Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V, or a combination thereof
- Q is Ti, Mo, Mn, or a combination thereof
- I is Cr, V, Fe, Sc, Y, or a combination thereof
- J is V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, or a combination thereof.
- the coating layer added to the surface of the above-mentioned compound includes, for example, a coating element compound of oxide, hydroxide, oxyhydroxide of a coating element, oxycarbonate of a coating element, or hydroxycarbonate of a coating element. .
- the compound constituting this coating layer is amorphous or crystalline.
- the coating element included in the coating layer is Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, or a mixture thereof.
- the coating layer forming method is selected within a range that does not adversely affect the physical properties of the positive electrode active material.
- the coating method is, for example, spray coating, dipping, or the like. Since the specific coating method can be well understood by those skilled in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the positive electrode may include, for example, the positive electrode active material represented by Chemical Formula 1 and the olivine-based positive electrode active material.
- the olivine-based positive electrode active material is, for example, represented by the following Chemical Formula 9.
- M8 is Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni , Cu, Al, Mg, Zr and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of B
- M9 is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, Al, Si, Ni, Mn
- X is an element selected from the group consisting of O, F, S and P.
- the olivine-based positive electrode active material is, for example, LiFePO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 and the like.
- the content of the olivine-based positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode is, for example, 10 wt% or less, 9 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 7 wt% or less, 6 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less of the total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the content of the olivine-based positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode is, for example, 1 to 10 wt%, 1 to 9 wt%, 1 to 8 wt%, 1 to 7 wt%, 1 to 6 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt% of the total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the content of the olivine-based positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode is, for example, 1 to 10 parts by weight, 1 to 9 parts by weight, 1 to 8 parts by weight, 1 to 7 parts by weight, 1 to 6 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composite positive electrode active material. parts, or 1 to 10 parts by weight.
- the positive electrode further includes an olivine-based positive electrode active material in this content range, cycle characteristics of the lithium battery may be further improved.
- a lithium battery according to another embodiment employs a positive electrode including the above-described positive electrode active material.
- the lithium battery provides improved energy density by employing a positive electrode including the above-described composite positive electrode active material.
- the lithium battery is, for example, manufactured by the following exemplary method, but is not necessarily limited to this method and is adjusted according to required conditions.
- a positive electrode is manufactured according to the above-described method for manufacturing a positive electrode.
- the negative electrode is prepared as follows.
- the negative electrode is manufactured in substantially the same manner as the positive electrode except that, for example, a negative electrode active material is used instead of the composite positive electrode active material.
- a negative electrode active material is used instead of the composite positive electrode active material.
- a negative electrode active material composition is prepared by mixing a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent, and the negative electrode plate is manufactured by directly coating the composition on a copper current collector.
- the prepared negative electrode active material composition is cast on a separate support and the negative electrode active material film peeled from the support is laminated on a copper current collector to prepare a negative electrode plate.
- the negative electrode active material may be any material used as a negative electrode active material for a lithium battery in the art.
- it includes at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium metal, a metal alloyable with lithium, a transition metal oxide, a non-transition metal oxide, and a carbon-based material.
- the metal alloyable with lithium is, for example, Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi, Sb Si-Y alloy (wherein Y is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, group 13 element, group 14 element, transition metal, rare earth element or a combination element thereof, not Si), Sn-Y alloy (wherein Y is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, group 13 element, group 14 element, transition metal, rare earth element, or a combination element thereof, not Sn), etc. am.
- Element Y is for example Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ti, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, Po, or a combination thereof.
- the transition metal oxide is, for example, lithium titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, or the like.
- the non-transition metal oxide is, for example, SnO 2 , SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), or the like.
- the carbon-based material is, for example, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon or mixtures thereof.
- Crystalline carbon is, for example, graphite, such as natural or artificial graphite, in amorphous, plate-like, flake, spherical or fibrous form.
- the amorphous carbon is, for example, soft carbon (low temperature calcined carbon) or hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, and the like.
- the content of the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder, and the solvent is the level commonly used in a lithium battery. According to the use and configuration of the lithium battery, it is possible to omit one or more of the conductive material, the binder, and the solvent.
- any separator may be used as long as it is commonly used in a lithium battery.
- a separator for example, a separator having low resistance to ion movement of the electrolyte and excellent in moisture content of the electrolyte is used.
- the separator is, for example, selected from glass fiber, polyester, Teflon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or combinations thereof, and is in the form of a nonwoven or woven fabric.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- a separator that can be wound up such as polyethylene or polypropylene is used, and for a lithium ion polymer battery, a separator having an excellent organic electrolyte impregnation ability is used.
- the separator is manufactured by the following exemplary method, but is not necessarily limited to this method and is adjusted according to required conditions.
- a separator composition is prepared by mixing a polymer resin, a filler, and a solvent.
- the separator composition is directly coated on the electrode and dried to form a separator.
- a separator film peeled from the support is laminated on an electrode to form a separator.
- the polymer used for manufacturing the separator is not particularly limited, and any polymer used for the bonding material of the electrode plate may be used.
- any polymer used for the bonding material of the electrode plate may be used.
- vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, or mixtures thereof and the like are used.
- the electrolyte is, for example, an organic electrolyte.
- the organic electrolyte is prepared by, for example, dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent.
- organic solvent is, for example, fluoroethylene carbonate, bis(2,2,2,-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, benzonitrile, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dioxo Lan, 4-methyldioxolane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, sulfolane, dichloroethane, chlor
- Lithium salts are, for example, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiN(C x F 2x+1 SO 2 )(C y F 2y+1 SO 2 )(1 ⁇ x ⁇ 20, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 20), LiBOB, LiCl, LiI, or a mixture thereof.
- the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte is, for example, boron oxide, lithium oxynitride, etc., but is not limited thereto, and any solid electrolyte used in the art may be used.
- the solid electrolyte is formed on the negative electrode by, for example, sputtering, or a separate solid electrolyte sheet is laminated on the negative electrode.
- the solid electrolyte is, for example, an oxide-based solid electrolyte or a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte is, for example, an oxide-based solid electrolyte.
- the oxide-based solid electrolyte is Li 1+x+y Al x Ti 2-x Si y P 3-y O 12 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3), BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), Pb 1-x La x Zr 1-y Ti y O 3 (PLZT)(O ⁇ x ⁇ 1, O ⁇ y ⁇ 1), PB(Mg 3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 ( PMN-PT), HfO 2 , SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , Na 2 O, MgO, NiO, CaO, BaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , Li 3 PO 4 , Li x Ti y (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3),
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte may include, for example, lithium sulfide, silicon sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, boron sulfide, or a combination thereof.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles may include Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , SiS 2 , GeS 2 , B 2 S 3 , or a combination thereof.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles may be Li 2 S or P 2 S 5 . It is known that sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles have higher lithium ion conductivity than other inorganic compounds.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte includes Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 .
- the mixing molar ratio of Li 2 S to P 2 S 5 is, for example, in the range of about 50:50 to about 90:10.
- Li 3 PO 4 , halogen, halogen compound Li 2+2x Zn 1??x GeO 4 ("LISICON", 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li 3+y PO 4-x N x( "LIPON", 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3), Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 ("ThioLISICON"), Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 -P 2 O 5 ( "LATP”), etc.
- An inorganic solid electrolyte prepared by adding Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , SiS 2 , GeS 2 , B 2 S 3 , or a combination thereof to the inorganic solid electrolyte may be used as the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte material is a raw material starting material of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte material (for example, Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , etc.) by melt quenching method, mechanical milling method, etc. It can be prepared by processing. Also, a calcinations process may be performed after the treatment.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte may be amorphous, crystalline, or a mixture thereof.
- the lithium battery 1 includes a positive electrode 3 , a negative electrode 2 , and a separator 4 .
- the positive electrode 3 , the negative electrode 2 , and the separator 4 are wound or folded and accommodated in the battery case 5 .
- An organic electrolyte is injected into the battery case 5 and sealed with a cap assembly 6 to complete the lithium battery 1 .
- the battery case 5 is cylindrical, but is not necessarily limited to such a shape, and is, for example, a square shape, a thin film shape, and the like.
- the pouch-type lithium battery includes one or more battery structures.
- a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form a battery structure.
- the battery structure is laminated in a bi-cell structure, it is impregnated with an organic electrolyte, and is accommodated and sealed in a pouch to complete a pouch-type lithium battery.
- a plurality of battery structures are stacked to form a battery pack, and such a battery pack is used in all devices requiring high capacity and high output. For example, it is used in laptops, smartphones, and electric vehicles.
- Lithium batteries are used, for example, in electric vehicles (EVs) because they have excellent lifespan characteristics and high rate characteristics.
- EVs electric vehicles
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
- it is used in a field requiring a large amount of power storage.
- it is used in electric bicycles, power tools, and the like.
- the cathode active material manufacturing method comprises mixing the element A precursor, the element Z precursor, the element M precursor, and the phosphorus (P) precursor in a stoichiometric ratio to obtain a composition of the following Chemical Formula 1 to prepare the first composition. preparing; and drying the first composition and heat-treating the first composition in an oxidizing, reducing, or inert atmosphere of 400° C. to 1000° C. for 3 to 20 hours.
- A is one or more elements selected from group 1 of the periodic table
- M is at least one metal element selected from Groups 2 to 4 and 6 to 16 of the periodic table, and is a divalent or higher cation;
- Z is one or more elements selected from group 17 of the periodic table
- a first composition is prepared by mixing the element A precursor, the element Z precursor, the element M precursor, and the phosphorus (P) precursor in a stoichiometric ratio to obtain the composition of Chemical Formula 1 below.
- the step of preparing the first composition may be performed, for example, dry without a solvent.
- the first composition is, for example, a dry powder in which the precursor powder is mixed.
- the step of preparing the first composition may be performed, for example, in a wet method including a solvent.
- the precursors may be mixed using a stirrer such as a ball mill.
- the solvent used for mixing the precursor may be water or an organic solvent.
- the step of preparing the first composition may be performed using, for example, an element A precursor, an element Z precursor, an element M precursor, and a phosphorus (P) element precursor in an organic solvent using a ball mill.
- the organic solvent is not limited to alcohols such as acetone and 2-propanol, but any solvent used in the art may be used.
- the element A precursor is for example a salt of A or an oxide of A
- the element Z precursor is for example a salt of Z or an oxide of Z
- the element M precursor is for example a salt of M or an oxide of M
- the precursor is, for example, a salt of phosphorus (P) or an oxide of phosphorus (P).
- the element A precursor is, for example, a lithium precursor.
- Lithium precursor is, for example, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , LiOH, LiOH.H 2 O, LiH, LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, CH 3 OOLi, Li 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 , lithium digital camera Lithium dicarboxylate, lithium citrate, lithium fatty acid, and alkyl lithium, but not necessarily limited thereto, and any lithium precursor used in the art It is possible.
- the element Z precursor is, for example, one or more halogen precursors.
- the halogen precursor is, for example, LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, MF 2 , MCl 2 , MBr 2 , MI 2 and the like, but is not limited thereto, and any halogen precursor used in the art may be used.
- M element precursor is, for example, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni
- At least one metal selected from , Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, and Po is a precursor of
- the element M precursor is one or more precursors selected from a Co precursor, a Ni precursor, a Mn precursor, a Fe precursor, a Cu precursor, a Zn precursor, a Ti precursor, and a Cr precursor.
- the Co precursor is, for example, Co 3 O 4 , Co(OH) 2 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ H 2 O, CoO, CoCl 2 , CoF 2 , etc., but is not necessarily limited thereto, and as a Co precursor in the art. Anything you use is possible.
- the Ni precursor is, for example, NiCl 2 , NiSO 4 , etc., but is not necessarily limited thereto, and any Ni precursor used in the art may be used.
- the Mn precursor is, for example, MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , etc., but is not necessarily limited thereto, and any Mn precursor used in the art may be used.
- the Fe precursor is, for example, Fe 2 O 3 , FeCl 2 and the like, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and any one used as an Fe precursor in the art is possible.
- the phosphorus (P) precursor is a metal or ammonium phosphate, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and any compound including phosphorus (P) may be used in the art.
- the phosphorus (P) precursor is (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 , and the like.
- the first composition is dried and heat-treated in an oxidizing, reducing, or inert atmosphere at 400° C. to 1000° C. for 3 to 20 hours.
- Drying of the first composition may be performed at room temperature or at a temperature of 50 to 150°C. Drying of the first composition may be omitted.
- a positive electrode active material is prepared through a solid phase reaction of the first composition.
- the solid phase reaction means that the reaction proceeds by heat treatment or the like in the absence of a solvent.
- the heat treatment may be performed, for example, at 400 to 1000°C, 500 to 900°C, 600 to 800°C, or 700 to 750°C.
- the heat treatment time may be, for example, 3 to 20 hours, 3 to 15 hours, 3 to 10 hours, 3 to 7 hours, or 4 to 6 hours.
- the temperature increase rate at which the temperature at which the heat treatment is performed is reached is, for example, 1 to 10°C/min.
- the positive electrode active material of Formula 1 is formed by the heat treatment temperature, the heat treatment time, and the temperature increase rate having the above-described ranges.
- the heat treatment atmosphere may be an oxidizing atmosphere or an inert atmosphere.
- the oxidizing atmosphere is an atmosphere containing oxygen or air.
- the oxidizing atmosphere contains oxygen, air, or a combination thereof, for example air with an increased oxygen content.
- the reducing atmosphere is an argon atmosphere, an argon atmosphere containing hydrogen, a nitrogen atmosphere, or a nitrogen atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the inert atmosphere is an argon atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere, but is not necessarily limited to such an atmosphere, and any one used as an inert atmosphere in the art may be used.
- the mixture was prepared by mixing. The obtained mixture was put into a furnace and heat-treated in an air atmosphere at 600° C. for 12 hours while flowing oxygen to prepare a cathode active material.
- the prepared cathode active material had a composition of Li 2.25 CoP 2 O 7 F 0.25 .
- the mixture was prepared by mixing. The obtained mixture was put into a furnace and heat-treated in an air atmosphere at 600° C. for 12 hours while flowing oxygen to prepare a cathode active material.
- the prepared cathode active material had a composition of Li 3.0 CoP 2 O 7 F 1.0 .
- a mixture of the cathode active material, carbon conductive agent (Super-P), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) prepared in Example 1 in a weight ratio of 50:30:20 was mixed with N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and A slurry was prepared by mixing together in an agate mortar. The slurry was bar-coated on an aluminum current collector having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, dried at room temperature, dried once again under vacuum and 120° C., and rolled and punched to prepare a positive electrode plate with a loading level of about 1 mg/cm 2 did
- a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the positive electrode active material prepared in Example 2 was used instead of the composite positive electrode active material prepared in Example 1, respectively.
- a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the positive electrode active materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were respectively used instead of the composite positive electrode active material prepared in Example 1.
- the compounds of Examples 1 and 2 include a crystal phase having a monoclinic-like crystal structure, and the crystal phase is a P2 1 /c-like space group. It was confirmed that it belongs to
- the compounds of Examples 1 and 2 had similar symmetry to the P2 1 /c space group, but had relatively low symmetry compared to the P2 1 /c space group.
- the peak intensity ratio Ia/Ib of the positive electrode active material of Example 1 was 2.3, and the peak intensity ratio Ia/Ib of the positive electrode active material of Example 2 was 2.7.
- the peak intensity ratio Ia/Ib of the cathode active material of Comparative Example 1 was 1/3.2, and the peak intensity ratio Ia/Ib of the cathode active material of Comparative Example 2 was 1/5.2.
- the cathode active materials of Examples 1 and 2 were a phase having a composition of Li 1.8 CoP 2 O 7 , a phase having a composition of LiCo 1.5 P 2 O 5 , a phase having a composition of Li 4 O 2 O 7 . , a phase having a composition and a peak due to a phase having a composition in LiCoPO 4 were additionally included. Therefore, it was confirmed that the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 and 2 additionally include crystal phases of the above-described compounds in addition to the target composition.
- Li 2+x CoP 2 O 7 F x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4) including Examples 1 to 2 is Li 2 CoP 2 O 7 of Comparative Example 1
- an excess of lithium was disposed in the lithium layer disposed between the layers including the metal.
- Li 2+x CoP 2 O 7 F x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4) including Examples 1 and 2 has a relaxed crystal structure compared to Li 2 CoP 2 O 7 of Comparative Example 1 (Relaxed crystal structure) was confirmed.
- the lithium batteries prepared in Examples 3 to 4 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 were charged at a constant current at 25° C. at a rate of 0.1 C until the voltage reached 5.5 V (vs. Li), and then, the voltage was It was discharged at a constant current of 0.025C rate until it reached 3.0V (vs. Li).
- the lithium batteries of Examples 3 to 4 had significantly improved discharge capacity compared to the lithium batteries of Comparative Examples 3 to 4, and the discharge voltage was 4V or more.
- the discharge capacity density of a lithium battery is improved by using a positive electrode active material of a new composition containing an excess of lithium.
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Abstract
Description
방전용량 [mAh/g] | |
실시예 1 | 95 |
실시예 2 | 49 |
비교예 1 | 23 |
비교예 2 | 21 |
Claims (20)
- 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 양극활물질:<화학식 1>A2+xMP2O7Zy상기 식에서,A는 주기율표 1족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,M은 주기율표 2족 내지 4족 및 6족 내지 16족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 금속 원소이며, 2가 이상의 양이온이며,Z는 주기율표 17족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,0<x≤4 및 0<y≤4 이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, A는 Li, Na, 및 K 중에서 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 양극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, M은 Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, 및 Bi 중에서 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 양극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, Z는 F, Cl, Br, 및 I 중에서 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 양극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질이 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 양극활물질:<화학식 2>Li2+aMP2O7Zb상기 식에서,M은 주기율표 2족 내지 4족 및 6족 내지 16족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 금속 원소이며, 2가 이상의 양이온이며,Z는 주기율표 17족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,0<a≤2 및 0<b≤2 이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질이 하기 화학식 3a 내지 3h로 표시되는 양극활물질:<화학식 3a>Li2+cCoP2O7Zd<화학식 3b>Li2+cNiP2O7Zd<화학식 3c>Li2+cMnP2O7Zd<화학식 3d>Li2+cFeP2O7Zd<화학식 3e>Li2+cCuP2O7Zd<화학식 3f>Li2+cZnP2O7Zd<화학식 3g>Li2+cTiP2O7Zd<화학식 3h>Li2+cCrP2O7Zd상기 식들에서,Z은 주기율표 17족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,0.01≤c≤2 및 0.01≤d≤2 이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질이 하기 화학식 4a 내지 4d로 표시되는 양극활물질:<화학식 4a>Li2+eMP2O7Ff<화학식 4b>Li2+eMP2O7Clf<화학식 4c>Li2+eMP2O7Brf<화학식 4d>Li2+eMP2O7If상기 식들에서,M은 Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, 및 Po 중에서 선택된 하나 이상의 금속 원소이며, 2가 이상의 양이온이며,0.05≤e≤2 및 0.05≤f≤2 이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질이 하기 화학식 5a 내지 5h로 표시되는, 양극활물질:<화학식 5a>Li2+eCoP2O7Ff<화학식 5b>Li2+eNiP2O7Ff<화학식 5c>Li2+eMnP2O7Ff<화학식 5d>Li2+eFeP2O7Ff<화학식 5e>Li2+eCuP2O7Ff<화학식 5f>Li2+eZnP2O7Ff<화학식 5g>Li2+eTiP2O7Ff<화학식 5h>Li2+eCrP2O7Ff상기 식들에서,0.05≤e≤2 및 0.05≤f≤2 이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질이 하기 화학식 6으로 표시되는 양극활물질:<화학식 6>Li2+x(M11-zM2z)P2O7(Z11-wZ2w)y상기 식에서,M1 및 M2는 서로 독립적으로 Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti, 및 Cr 중에서 선택된 하나의 금속 원소이며, 2가 이상의 양이온이며,Z1 및 Z2는 서로 독립적으로 주기율표 17족에서 선택된 하나의 원소이며,0<x≤4, 0<y≤4, 0≤z<1, 및 0≤w<1이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, CuKα 선을 이용한 XRD 스펙트럼에서 회절각 2θ=20.5°±1.0°에서의 피크 강도(Ia)에 대한 회절각 2θ=29.0°±1.0°에서의 피크 강도(Ib)의 피크 강도 비(ratio) Ib/Ia가 1 초과인, 양극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질이 단사정계-유사 결정 구조(monoclinic-like crystal structure)를 가지는 결정상(crystal phase)을 포함하며, 상기 결정상이 P21/c 유사(like) 공간군에 속하는, 양극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 하기 화학식 7a 내지 7d로 표시되는 화합물 중에 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 결정상을 추가적으로 포함하는, 양극활물질.<화학식 7a>Li2-pMP2O7<화학식 7b>LiM1+qP2O7<화학식 7c>Li2+rP2O7<화학식 7d>LiMPO4상기 식에서,M은 주기율표 2족 내지 4족 및 6족 내지 16족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 금속 원소이며,0<p≤1, 0<q≤1, 및 0<r≤2이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질의 비용량(specific capacity)이 50mAh/g 이상인, 양극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질의 평균 방전 전압이 4V 이상인, 양극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질의 표면에 배치되는 탄소계 코팅층을 추가적으로 포함하는, 양극활물질.
- 제15 항에 있어서, 상기 탄소계 코팅층을 포함하는 양극활물질이 하기 화학식 8로 표시되는 양극활물질:<화학식 8>(1-s)A2+xMP2O7Zy-sC상기 식에서,A는 주기율표 1족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,M은 주기율표 2족 내지 4족 및 6족 내지 16족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 금속 원소이며, 2가 이상의 양이온이며,Z는 주기율표 17족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,C는 탄소이며,0<s≤0.2, 0<x≤4 및 0<y≤4 이다.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 양극활물질 1차 입자의 평균 입경이 50nm 내지 1000nm인, 양극활물질.
- 제1 항 내지 제17 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제18 항에 따른 양극, 음극; 및상기 양극과 음극 사이에 배치된 전해질을 포함하는 리튬전지.
- A 원소 전구체, Z 원소 전구체, M 원소 전구체, 및 인(P) 전구체를 하기 화학식 1의 조성이 얻어지도록 화학양론적 비율로 혼합하여 제1 조성물을 준비하는 단계; 및상기 제1 조성물을 400℃ 내지 1000℃의 산화성 또는 불활성 분위기에서 3 내지 20 시간 동안 열처리하는 단계;를 포함하는 양극활물질 제조방법:<화학식 1>A2+xMP2O7Zy상기 식에서,A는 주기율표 1족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,M은 주기율표 2족 내지 4족 및 6족 내지 16족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 금속 원소이며, 2가 이상의 양이온이며,Z는 주기율표 17족에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소이며,0<x≤4 및 0<y≤4 이다.
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