WO2022077696A1 - 一种多工位工作台及焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种多工位工作台及焊接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022077696A1
WO2022077696A1 PCT/CN2020/129779 CN2020129779W WO2022077696A1 WO 2022077696 A1 WO2022077696 A1 WO 2022077696A1 CN 2020129779 W CN2020129779 W CN 2020129779W WO 2022077696 A1 WO2022077696 A1 WO 2022077696A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
station
frame
workpiece
welding
cooling
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PCT/CN2020/129779
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴书祥
程远
李瑞峰
刘江华
郭振
王小满
张考
Original Assignee
南京联空智能增材研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2022077696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022077696A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/003—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435—Clamps

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of welding tooling, in particular to a multi-station workbench and a welding method.
  • the working method of the existing production line is to place the workpiece on a workbench parallel to the ground for processing.
  • a workbench parallel to the ground for processing.
  • a multi-station workbench and a welding method are provided to solve the above problems existing in the prior art.
  • a multi-station workbench comprises: a station frame fixedly connected with the ground, a workpiece and the station frame are detachably connected, and the station frame and the workpiece form a predetermined angle with the ground.
  • the multi-station workbench further includes a turntable device fixedly connected to the ground, there are at least two workstation frames, the workstation frames are fixedly connected to the turntable device, and the turntable device drives the workstations
  • the frame is rotated to a predetermined position, and the processed station frame is rotated to a predetermined angle by a turntable device, so that the processed workpiece can be rotated to a predetermined position for cooling.
  • the multi-station workbench further includes at least one exhaust device located on the side of the station frame away from the turntable device, the exhaust device exhausts the air toward the station frame, and the exhaust device exhausts to the station through the exhaust device.
  • Frame-direction exhaust improves air circulation on the workpiece surface and speeds up workpiece cooling.
  • the exhaust device is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the turntable device, the exhaust device exhausts from the turntable device to the direction of the work station frame, and exhausts from the turntable device to the direction of the work station frame through the exhaust device
  • the gas can prevent the air flow from directly pressing the molten pool and slag when adding welding accessories on the surface of the workpiece, and can improve the cooling rate of the workpiece on the premise of ensuring the formation and stability of the weld.
  • the multi-station workbench further includes a liquid cooling device fixedly connected with the station frame, the liquid cooling device includes a condensation pipe fixedly connected with the station frame, and a cooling liquid flows in the condensation pipe, Cooling the station frame and the workpiece of the cooling station through the condenser tube can further improve the cooling speed of the workpiece on the premise of ensuring the formation and stability of the weld.
  • At least two condenser pipes are fixedly installed on the station frame, and the condenser pipes of the station frame located at the cooling station are communicated with the condenser pipes of the station frame located at the welding station.
  • the cooling liquid in the pipe flows from the station frame of the cooling station to the station frame of the welding station.
  • the cooling liquid transports the heat of the station frame of the cooling station to the direction of the station frame of the construction station.
  • the cooling liquid with a heat capacity stronger than air transfers the heat of the workstation frame of the cooling station to the direction of the workstation frame of the construction station, which can increase the preheating efficiency of the workpiece in the construction station.
  • the bottom end of the workstation frame is also fixedly installed with at least two limiting devices, and the workpiece abuts and cooperates with the limiting devices.
  • the multi-station workbench further includes at least four clamping devices fixedly connected with the station frame, and at least two clamping devices are fixedly installed at the top and bottom ends of the station frame, so
  • the clamping device includes a support that is fixedly connected to the station frame, a power source that is fixedly connected to the support, and a pressure block that is fixedly connected to the power source.
  • the power source drives the pressure block to move in the direction of the station frame, and the workpiece and the The pressing block abuts and cooperates, and the power source drives the pressing block to displace in the direction of the station frame, which can exert a clamping force on the workpiece and prevent the workpiece from falling off due to inertia.
  • the welding method based on the multi-station table includes: at least three station frames fixedly connected with the turntable device, the station frames are circumferentially distributed around the central axis of the turntable device, and the three station frames are respectively the disassembly and assembly stations. Station frame, station frame for welding station, and station frame for cooling station.
  • the coolant in the condensation pipe flows from the frame of the cooling station to the frame of the welding station, and the coolant transfers the heat of the frame of the cooling station to the station of the construction station. Frame direction delivery.
  • the invention discloses a multi-station worktable and a welding method.
  • the multi-station worktable is detachably connected with the workpiece and the station frame, so that the workpiece and the ground are at a predetermined angle, the height of the site can be utilized, and the problem is solved.
  • the existing production line covers an excessively large area.
  • Figure 1 is an assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the limiting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the clamping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the liquid cooling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of the slewing ring of the present invention.
  • the reference numerals are: turntable device 1, station frame 2, limit device 3, clamping device 4, exhaust device 5, liquid cooling device 6, radiator 7, base 11, drive Assembly 12, frame 13, mounting seat 31, limit block 32, arc part 33, support 41, power source 42, pressing block 43, condenser pipe 61, cylindrical shell 62, slewing ring 63, cooling liquid chamber 64, Thermal fluid chamber 65 .
  • the applicant found that the working method of the existing production line is to place the workpiece on the worktable parallel to the ground for processing. Taking advantage of the height of the site, there is a problem of a large area. In order to solve the above problem, the applicant has developed a multi-station workbench and a welding method.
  • the multi-station workbench includes: a turntable device 1, a station frame 2, a limit device 3, a clamping device 4, an exhaust device 5, a liquid cooling device 6, a radiator 7, a base 11, a drive assembly 12, a frame 13. Mounting seat 31, limit block 32, arc part 33, support 41, power source 42, pressing block 43, condenser pipe 61, cylindrical shell 62, slewing ring 63, cold liquid chamber 64, hot liquid chamber 65 .
  • the station frame 2 is fixedly connected to the ground, the workpiece is detachably connected to the station frame 2, and the station frame 2 and the workpiece form a predetermined angle with the ground.
  • the workpiece surface temperature is too high due to welding, and the workpiece needs to be cooled on the worktable for a predetermined time before the next process can be performed, which has problems of large footprint and long working time.
  • the multi-station workbench also includes a turntable device 1 fixedly connected to the ground, there are at least two workstation frames 2, the workstation frame 2 is fixedly connected with the turntable device 1, and the turntable device 1 drives the workstation frame 2 to rotate to the predetermined location.
  • the processed workpiece By rotating the processed station frame 2 to a predetermined angle by the turntable device 1, the processed workpiece can be rotated to a predetermined position for cooling.
  • the stage device includes a base 11, a drive assembly 12 fixedly connected to the base 11, and a frame 13 fixedly connected to the drive assembly 12, the drive assembly 12 driving the frame 13 to rotate, wherein the drive assembly 12 is a servo motor or stepper motor.
  • the workpiece is fixedly connected with the station frame 2. After the workpiece is welded and processed on the station frame 2, the turntable device 1 rotates the processed station frame 2 to a predetermined angle, so that the processed workpiece is rotated to a predetermined position for cooling. In the process of cooling the processed workpiece, another workpiece is welded and processed, which solves the problem that the workpiece in cooling occupies a large area and has a long working time, and makes the station frame 2 and the workpiece form a predetermined angle with the ground. The use of the height direction further solves the problem of the large footprint of the workpiece during cooling.
  • the use of the turntable device 1 to turn the work station frame 2 to a predetermined position for natural cooling has the problem that the cooling time is too long.
  • the multi-station workbench further includes at least one exhaust device 5 located on the side of the station frame 2 away from the turntable device 1 , and the exhaust device 5 exhausts the air toward the station frame 2 .
  • the exhaust device 5 to exhaust the air in the direction of the station frame 2, the air circulation on the surface of the workpiece can be improved, and the cooling speed of the workpiece can be accelerated.
  • exhausting from the outside to the direction of the station frame 2 is easy to blow away the molten pool and the molten slag, which is not conducive to the formation and stability of the weld.
  • the exhaust device 5 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the turntable device 1 , and the exhaust device 5 exhausts the air from the turntable device 1 toward the work station frame 2 .
  • the exhaust from the turntable device 1 to the station frame 2 can prevent the airflow from directly exerting pressure on the molten pool and slag when welding accessories on the surface of the workpiece, and can ensure the formation and stability of the weld on the premise of Increase the cooling rate of the workpiece.
  • the multi-station workbench further includes a liquid cooling device 6 fixedly connected with the station frame 2 , and the liquid cooling device 6 includes a condenser pipe 61 fixedly connected with the station frame 2 , and a cooling liquid flows in the condenser pipe 61 , wherein the condensation pipe 61 communicates with the radiator 7 .
  • the station frame 2 of the cooling station and the workpiece are cooled by the condenser tube 61, which can further improve the cooling speed of the workpiece on the premise of ensuring the formation and stability of the weld.
  • cooling pipe 61 can be used for cooling to ensure the formation and stability of the welding seam.
  • the exhaust device 5 and the condenser pipe 61 can be used at the same time to increase the cooling rate.
  • the workpiece at the construction station needs to be preheated to obtain sufficient welding strength and stability.
  • the air flow can also transmit the heat on the workpiece to the On the construction site, but also because of the low heat transfer efficiency caused by the poor heat storage capacity of the air.
  • At least two condenser pipes 61 are fixedly installed on the station frame 2, and the condenser pipes 61 of the station frame 2 located in the cooling station are communicated with the condenser pipes 61 of the station frame 2 located in the welding station, and the condenser pipes 61 are connected with each other.
  • the cooling liquid in the pipe 61 flows from the station frame 2 of the cooling station to the direction of the station frame 2 of the welding station, and the cooling liquid transfers the heat of the station frame 2 of the cooling station to the direction of the station frame 2 of the construction station delivery.
  • the heat of the cooling station frame 2 is transferred to the station frame 2 of the construction station by the cooling liquid having a stronger heat storage capacity than air, which can increase the preheating efficiency of the workpiece at the construction station.
  • connection between the condenser pipe 61 and the radiator 7 in the existing connection method has the problem that the pipe cannot freely rotate with the turntable device 1 when it is rotated, and the turntable device 1 needs to be reset after one rotation, which has the problem of cumbersome operation.
  • the multi-station workbench also includes a rotary liquid exchange device fixedly connected with the turntable device 1 , and the rotary liquid exchange device includes a cylindrical shell 62 that is fixedly connected to the turntable device 1 , and is sleeved on the outside of the cylindrical shell 62 .
  • the slewing ring 63, the slewing ring 63 is sealingly connected with the cylindrical shell 62, the station frame 2 is fixedly connected with the slewing ring 63, the cylindrical shell 62 includes a cooling liquid cavity 64 communicating with the liquid outlet end of the radiator 7, and a cooling liquid cavity 64 connected to the radiator
  • the hot liquid chamber 65 communicated with the liquid inlet end of the device 7, the outer side of the cylindrical shell 62 is provided with a liquid outlet communicated with the cold liquid chamber 64, and a liquid return port communicated with the hot liquid chamber 65.
  • the liquid port is communicated with the liquid inlet of the condenser pipe 61 of the station frame 2 of the cooling station, and the liquid return port of the cylindrical shell 62 is communicated with the liquid outlet of the condenser pipe 61 of the station frame 2 of the welding station.
  • the turntable device 1 When the turntable device 1 is working, it drives the station frame 2 and the slewing ring 63 to rotate around the central axis of the cylindrical shell 62 by a predetermined angle, so that the condensation pipe 61 of the station frame 2 of the original welding station replaces the cooling pipe of the station frame 2 of the cooling station.
  • the condensation pipe 61 communicates with the liquid outlet of the cylindrical shell 62 .
  • the rotary ring 63 seals the liquid outlet and the liquid return port of the cylindrical housing 62 .
  • the condensing pipes 61 of the two adjacent workstation frames 2 communicate with each other through a one-way valve to prevent the cooling liquid from flowing back to the cooling workstation.
  • the turntable device 1 Through the cooperation of the rotary ring 63 of the rotary liquid exchange device and the cylindrical shell 62, the turntable device 1, the condenser pipe 61 and the station frame 2 can be rotated at any angle, and the cooling liquid can be circulated only when the turntable device 1 is rotated to a predetermined angle.
  • the bottom end of the workstation frame 2 is also fixedly installed with at least two limiting devices 3 , the workpiece is abutted and matched with the limiting devices 3 , and the limiting device 3 includes a mounting device that is fixedly connected to the workstation frame 2 .
  • the seat 31 and the limiting block 32 fixedly connected with the mounting seat 31 , and the workpiece abuts against the limiting block 32 .
  • a circular arc portion 33 is fixedly installed at one end of the limit block 32 close to the workpiece.
  • the workpiece can be limited by the abutment and cooperation of the limiting device 3 and the workpiece, the workpiece is easily fallen off due to inertia when the turntable rotates.
  • the multi-station workbench also includes at least four clamping devices 4 fixedly connected with the station frame 2, and at least two clamping devices 4 are fixedly installed on the top and bottom ends of the station frame 2 respectively.
  • the tightening device 4 includes a support 41 fixedly connected with the work station frame 2, a power source 42 fixedly connected with the support 41, and a pressing block 43 fixedly connected with the power source 42.
  • the power source 42 drives the pressing block 43 to the work station frame. 2-direction displacement, the workpiece abuts against the pressing block 43 .
  • the power source 42 is a cylinder pressing arm
  • the pressing block 43 is screwed with the cylinder pressing arm
  • the cylinder pressing arm drives the pressing block 43 to rotate to apply a clamping force to the workpiece.
  • the power source 42 can also be a linear motion mechanism such as a screw mechanism, an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, and drives the pressing block 43 to perform a linear motion mechanism in the direction of the workpiece to exert a clamping force on the workpiece.
  • a linear motion mechanism such as a screw mechanism, an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder
  • the welding method based on the multi-station table includes: at least three station frames 2 fixedly connected with the turntable device 1, the station frames 2 are distributed around the center axis of the turntable device 1, and the three station frames 2 are disassembled and assembled respectively.
  • the station frame 2 of the cooling station is rotated to the disassembly station to continue cooling, and the workpiece is in the cooling station and disassembly and assembly.
  • the workpiece on the frame 2 of the station is replaced at the disassembly station.
  • the turntable device and welding The robot suspends the welding work and waits for the cooling time, and informs the staff to install the station frame.
  • the exhaust device 5 exhausts from the turntable device 1 to the station frame 2 direction.
  • the cooling liquid in the condensation pipe 61 flows from the station frame 2 of the cooling station to the station frame 2 of the welding station, and the cooling liquid transfers the heat of the station frame 2 of the cooling station to the construction site.
  • the station frame of the station is conveyed in 2 directions.
  • the turntable device 1 at least two work station frames 2 arranged along the circumferential direction of the turntable device 1, and a workpiece positioning portion provided on the work station frame 2 for fixing the workpiece.
  • the station frame 2 extends from the bottom end to the top end of the turntable device 1 , and the extension direction of the station frame 2 and the extension direction of the center line of the turntable device 1 have a predetermined angle.
  • the work station frame 2 can rotate a predetermined angle along the center line of the turntable device 1 .
  • the workpiece positioning portion includes at least two limiting devices 3 fixedly connected with the bottom end of the workstation frame 2 .
  • the workpiece positioning part also includes at least four clamping devices 4 fixedly connected with the workstation frame 2 .
  • the station frame 2 is extended from the bottom end of the turntable device 1 to the top end.
  • the extension direction of the station frame 2 and the centerline extension direction of the turntable device 1 have a predetermined angle, which can make use of the height direction of the venue, which further solves the problem of cooling.
  • the workpiece occupies a large area in the problem.
  • the turntable device 1 is provided with an annular track, and the station frame 2 cooperates with the annular track, and the station frame is driven by the drive assembly to rotate along the center line of the turntable device by a predetermined angle.
  • the turntable device 1 can be used as a base, and an annular track can be provided on the base. Different from the above-mentioned way of rotating through the central axis, the rotation can be realized by setting up a mechanism for circumferential rotation.
  • the driving component is fixedly connected with the workpiece frame 2, and the driving component is a motor such as a servo motor or a stepping motor.
  • the drive assembly drives the workpiece frame 2 to rotate around the central axis.
  • at least one annular slide rail can be provided at the bottom, top or middle, etc., and the frame is driven by the drive assembly to rotate along the slide rail by a predetermined angle, and the frames of different stations are fixedly connected.
  • the circular track can also provide support for the workstation frame, which solves the problem that if the workpiece on the workstation frame has asymmetrical weight, or vibration occurs during the working process of the drive assembly, the coordinate point of the workpiece on the workstation frame will be offset, causing welding. The problem of inaccurate positioning of coordinate points. The welding accuracy and the bearing capacity of the station frame are improved.
  • the station frame rotates k*(360/N°) each time, wherein N is the number of station frames, and k is a natural number.

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多工位工作台及焊接方法，属于焊接工装领域。该多工位工作台包括：与地面固定连接的工位框架，工件与工位框架可拆卸连接，工位框架和工件与地面呈预定夹角，本发明通过工件与工位框架的可拆卸连接，使工件与地面呈预定角度，能够对场地的高度进行利用，解决了现有生产线占地面积过大的问题。

Description

一种多工位工作台及焊接方法 技术领域
本发明属于焊接工装领域，具体是一种多工位工作台及焊接方法。
 背景技术
现有生产线的工作方法都是将工件放置在与地面平行的工作台上进行加工，对面积较大的板材进行加工时，仅占用了场地的长宽面积，没有利用场地的高度，存在占地面积大的问题。
 技术问题
一种多工位工作台及焊接方法，以解决现有技术存在的上述问题。
 技术解决方案
一种多工位工作台包括：与地面固定连接的工位框架，工件与工位框架可拆卸连接，所述工位框架和工件与地面呈预定夹角。
在进一步的实施例中，多工位工作台还包括与地面固定连接的转台装置，所述工位框架至少有两个，所述工位框架与转台装置固定连接，所述转台装置驱动工位框架转动至预定位置，通过转台装置将加工后的工位框架转动至预定角度，能够使加工好的工件转动至预定位置进行冷却。
在进一步的实施例中，多工位工作台还包括至少一个位于工位框架远离转台装置一侧的排气装置，所述排气装置向工位框架方向排气，通过排气装置向工位框架方向排气能够提高工件表面的空气流通，加快工件冷却速度。
在进一步的实施例中，所述排气装置固定安装在转台装置的底端，所述排气装置从转台装置向工位框架方向排气，通过排气装置从转台装置向工位框架方向排气能够在工件表面加焊附件时避免气流直接对熔池和熔渣施压，能够在保证焊缝的形成和稳定性的前提下提高工件的冷却速度。
在进一步的实施例中，多工位工作台还包括与工位框架固定连接的液冷装置，所述液冷装置包括与工位框架固定连接的冷凝管，所述冷凝管内流动有冷却液，通过冷凝管对冷却工位的工位框架和工件进行冷却，能够在保证焊缝的形成和稳定性的前提下进一步的提高工件的冷却速度。
在进一步的实施例中，所述工位框架上固定安装有至少两个冷凝管，位于冷却工位的工位框架的冷凝管与位于焊接工位的工位框架的冷凝管连通，所述冷凝管内的冷却液从冷却工位的工位框架向焊接工位的工位框架方向流动，所述冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架的热量向施工工位的工位框架方向输送，通过蓄热能力强于空气的冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架的热量向施工工位的工位框架方向输送能够增加对施工工位的工件的预热效率。
在进一步的实施例中，所述工位框架的底端还固定安装有至少两个限位装置，工件与限位装置抵接配合。
在进一步的实施例中，多工位工作台还包括与工位框架固定连接的至少四个夹紧装置，所述工位框架的顶端和底端各固定安装有至少两个夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置包括与工位框架固定连接的支座，与支座固定连接的动力源，以及与动力源固定连接的压块，所述动力源驱动压块向工位框架方向位移，工件与压块抵接配合，通过动力源驱动压块向工位框架方向位移能够对工件施加夹紧力，防止工件受惯性脱落。
基于多工位工作台的焊接方法包括：至少三个与转台装置固定连接的工位框架，所述工位框架绕转台装置的中心轴圆周分布，三个工位框架分别是拆装工位的工位框架、焊接工位的工位框架、以及冷却工位的工位框架。
S1. 在拆装工位的工位框架上安装至少一个工件之后使用转台装置将拆装工位的工位框架转动至焊接工位，然后工作人员或焊接机器人对焊接工位的工位框架上的工件进行焊接工作。
S2. 焊接工位的工位框架上的工件焊接工作完成后，使用转台装置将焊接工位的工位框架转动至冷却工位，同时拆装工位的工位框架转动至焊接工位。
S3. 冷却工位的工位框架上的工件冷却预定时间后，转动至拆装工位后在拆装工位更换工位框架上的工件。
S4. 在工件冷却过程中，焊接工位的焊接工作已完成，而冷却时间小于预定时间，则冷却工位的工位框架转动至拆装工位继续冷却，工件在冷却工位和拆装工位冷却的总时间超过预定时间后，在拆装工位更换工位框架上的工件。
S5. 在焊接过程中，排气装置从转台装置向工位框架方向排气。
S6. 在焊接过程中，冷凝管内的冷却液从冷却工位的工位框架向焊接工位的工位框架方向流动，冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架的热量向施工工位的工位框架方向输送。
 有益效果
本发明公开了一种多工位工作台及焊接方法，该多工位工作台通过工件与工位框架的可拆卸连接，使工件与地面呈预定角度，能够对场地的高度进行利用，解决了现有生产线占地面积过大的问题。
 附图说明
图1是本发明的装配示意图。
图2是本发明的内部结构示意图。
图3是本发明的限位装置示意图。
图4是本发明的夹紧装置示意图。
图5是本发明的液冷装置工作原理示意图。
图6是本发明的回转环局部剖视示意图。
图1至图6所示附图标记为：转台装置1、工位框架2、限位装置3、夹紧装置4、排气装置5、液冷装置6、散热器7、基座11、驱动组件12、框架13、安装座31、限位块32、圆弧部33、支座41、动力源42、压块43、冷凝管61、圆柱壳体62、回转环63、冷液腔64、热液腔65。
 本发明的实施方式
在下文的描述中，给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中，为了避免与本发明发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
申请人在进行焊接工作时发现现有生产线的工作方法都是将工件放置在与地面平行的工作台上进行加工，对面积较大的板材进行加工时，仅占用了场地的长宽面积，没有利用场地的高度，存在占地面积大的问题，为了解决上述问题，申请人研发了一种多工位工作台及焊接方法。
该多工位工作台包括：转台装置1、工位框架2、限位装置3、夹紧装置4、排气装置5、液冷装置6、散热器7、基座11、驱动组件12、框架13、安装座31、限位块32、圆弧部33、支座41、动力源42、压块43、冷凝管61、圆柱壳体62、回转环63、冷液腔64、热液腔65。
工位框架2与地面固定连接，工件与工位框架2可拆卸连接，工位框架2和工件与地面呈预定夹角。
工作原理：通过工件与工位框架2的可拆卸连接，使工件与地面呈预定角度，能够对场地的高度进行利用，解决了现有生产线占地面积过大的问题。
在进一步的实施例中，在自动化生产中，由于焊接导致工件表面温度过高需要工件在工作台上冷却预定时间才能够进行下一工序，存在占地面积大和工作时间长的问题。
为了解决上述问题，多工位工作台还包括与地面固定连接的转台装置1，工位框架2至少有两个，工位框架2与转台装置1固定连接，转台装置1驱动工位框架2转动至预定位置。
通过转台装置1将加工后的工位框架2转动至预定角度，能够使加工好的工件转动至预定位置进行冷却。
在进一步的实施例中，台装置包括基座11，与基座11固定连接的驱动组件12，以及与驱动组件12固定连接的框架13，驱动组件12驱动框架13旋转，其中驱动组件12是伺服电机或步进电机。
工作原理：在自动化生产中，由于焊接导致工件表面温度过高，在满足生产节拍的条件下，设置四个工位框架2，可根据生产节拍来修改工位框架2的数量，工作时由机器人抓手将工件放置在工位框架2上，转台旋转90°，待抓手再次放工件至工位，依次循环，转台四周放有风扇，实现自然风冷却，机器人根据冷却时间来判定，抓走冷却时间最长的工件进入下一工序。
工件与工位框架2固定连接，工件在工位框架2上焊接加工完成后，转台装置1将加工后的工位框架2转动至预定角度，使加工好的工件转动至预定位置进行冷却，在加工好的工件冷却的过程中对另一工件进行焊接加工，解决了冷却中的工件占地面积大和工作时间长的问题，而且使工位框架2和工件与地面呈预定夹角能够对场地的高度方向进行利用，进一步的解决了冷却中的工件占地面积大的问题。
通过驱动组件12驱动框架13旋转能够提高自动化，降低劳动强度。
在进一步的实施例中，使用转台装置1将工位框架2转至预定位置进行自然冷却存在冷却时间过长的问题。
为了解决上述问题，多工位工作台还包括至少一个位于工位框架2远离转台装置1一侧的排气装置5，排气装置5向工位框架2方向排气。
通过排气装置5向工位框架2方向排气能够提高工件表面的空气流通，加快工件冷却速度。
在进一步的实施例中，从外部向工位框架2方向排气容易将熔池和熔渣吹散不利于焊缝的形成和稳定性。
为了解决上述问题，排气装置5固定安装在转台装置1的底端，排气装置5从转台装置1向工位框架2方向排气。
通过排气装置5从转台装置1向工位框架2方向排气能够在工件表面加焊附件时避免气流直接对熔池和熔渣施压，能够在保证焊缝的形成和稳定性的前提下提高工件的冷却速度。
在进一步的实施例中，仅增加空气流动存在空气蓄热能力差导致的冷却效率低的问题，而且在两个工件拼接焊接时从转台装置1向工位框架2方向排气也会对熔池和熔渣施压，降低焊缝的稳定性。
为了解决上述问题，多工位工作台还包括与工位框架2固定连接的液冷装置6，液冷装置6包括与工位框架2固定连接的冷凝管61，冷凝管61内流动有冷却液，其中冷凝管61与散热器7连通。
通过冷凝管61对冷却工位的工位框架2和工件进行冷却，能够在保证焊缝的形成和稳定性的前提下进一步的提高工件的冷却速度。
在两个工件拼接焊接时，可以仅使用冷凝管61进行冷却保证焊缝的行形成和稳定性。
在为工件焊接附件时，可以同时使用排气装置5和冷凝管61提高冷却速度。
在进一步的实施例中，在焊接工艺中还需要对施工工位的工件进行预热才能够获得足够的焊接强度和稳定性，仅增加空气流动虽然也能够将加工后的工件上的热量传送至施工工位上，但是也因为空气蓄热能力差导致的热量传递效率低的问题。
为了解决上述问题，工位框架2上固定安装有至少两个冷凝管61，位于冷却工位的工位框架2的冷凝管61与位于焊接工位的工位框架2的冷凝管61连通，冷凝管61内的冷却液从冷却工位的工位框架2向焊接工位的工位框架2方向流动，冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架2的热量向施工工位的工位框架2方向输送。
通过蓄热能力强于空气的冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架2的热量向施工工位的工位框架2方向输送能够增加对施工工位的工件的预热效率。
在进一步的实施例中，现有连接方式中冷凝管61和散热器7的连接存在转动时管道无法随转台装置1自由旋转，转台装置1需要在旋转一周后复位，存在操作繁琐的问题。
为了解决上述问题，多工位工作台还包括与转台装置1固定连接的旋转换液装置，旋转换液装置包括与转台装置1固定连接是圆柱壳体62，以及套接在圆柱壳体62外侧的回转环63，回转环63与圆柱壳体62密封连接，工位框架2与回转环63固定连接，圆柱壳体62包括与散热器7的出液端连通的冷液腔64，以及与散热器7的进液端连通的热液腔65，圆柱壳体62的外侧开有与冷液腔64连通的出液口，以及与热液腔65连通的回液口，圆柱壳体62的出液口与冷却工位的工位框架2的冷凝管61的进液口连通，圆柱壳体62的回液口与焊接工位的工位框架2的冷凝管61的出液口连通。
转台装置1工作时带动工位框架2和回转环63绕圆柱壳体62的中心轴旋转预定角度，使原焊接工位的工位框架2的冷凝管61代替冷却工位的工位框架2的冷凝管61与圆柱壳体62的出液口连通。
在转台装置1工作时回转环63对圆柱壳体62的出液口和回液口进行密封。
在进一步的实施例中，两个相邻的工位框架2的冷凝管61之间通过单向阀连通，避免冷却液回流至冷却工位。
通过旋转换液装置的回转环63和圆柱壳体62的配合，能够使转台装置1、冷凝管61和工位框架2转动任意角度，仅在转台装置1转动至预定角度时使冷却液流通。
在进一步的实施例中，工位框架2的底端还固定安装有至少两个限位装置3，工件与限位装置3抵接配合，限位装置3包括与工位框架2固定连接的安装座31，以及与安装座31固定连接的限位块32，工件与限位块32抵接配合。
在进一步的实施例中，限位块32的靠近工件的一端固定安装有圆弧部33，通过使限位块32采取弧面形状，在确保工件由于重力往下下滑的同时，也方便机械手抓取工件时不易摩擦工件。
在进一步的实施例中，通过限位装置3与工件的抵接配合虽然能够对工件进行限位，但是当转台转动时工件容易受惯性脱落。
为了解决上述问题，多工位工作台还包括与工位框架2固定连接的至少四个夹紧装置4，工位框架2的顶端和底端各固定安装有至少两个夹紧装置4，夹紧装置4包括与工位框架2固定连接的支座41，与支座41固定连接的动力源42，以及与动力源42固定连接的压块43，动力源42驱动压块43向工位框架2方向位移，工件与压块43抵接配合。
在进一步的实施例中，动力源42是气缸压臂，压块43与气缸压臂螺钉连接，气缸压臂驱动压块43旋转对工件施加夹紧力。
动力源42也可以是丝杆机构、气缸或液压缸等直线运动机构，驱动压块43向工件方向做直线运动机构，对工件施加夹紧力。
通过压臂的旋转，实现对工件的夹紧，对工件进行限位，确保工件的摆放状态。
基于多工位工作台的焊接方法包括：至少三个与转台装置1固定连接的工位框架2，工位框架2绕转台装置1的中心轴圆周分布，三个工位框架2分别是拆装工位的工位框架2、焊接工位的工位框架2、以及冷却工位的工位框架2。
S1. 在拆装工位的工位框架2上安装至少一个工件之后使用转台装置1将拆装工位的工位框架2转动至焊接工位，然后工作人员或焊接机器人对焊接工位的工位框架2上的工件进行焊接工作。
S2. 焊接工位的工位框架2上的工件焊接工作完成后，使用转台装置1将焊接工位的工位框架2转动至冷却工位，同时拆装工位的工位框架2转动至焊接工位。
S3. 冷却工位的工位框架2上的工件冷却预定时间后，转动至拆装工位后在拆装工位更换工位框架2上的工件。
S4. 在工件冷却过程中，焊接工位的焊接工作已完成，而冷却时间小于预定时间，则冷却工位的工位框架2转动至拆装工位继续冷却，工件在冷却工位和拆装工位冷却的总时间超过预定时间后，在拆装工位更换工位框架2上的工件，当工件在冷却工位和拆装工位冷却的总时间未超过预定时间时，转台装置和焊接机器人暂停焊接工作等待冷却时间，并通知工作人员加装工位框架。
S5. 在焊接过程中，排气装置5从转台装置1向工位框架2方向排气。
S6. 在焊接过程中，冷凝管61内的冷却液从冷却工位的工位框架2向焊接工位的工位框架2方向流动，冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架2的热量向施工工位的工位框架2方向输送。
在进一步的实施例中，转台装置1，至少两个沿转台装置1周向布设的工位框架2，以及设置在工位框架2上的、用于对工件进行固定的工件定位部。
工位框架2从转台装置1的底端向顶端方向延伸，工位框架2的延伸方向与转台装置1的中心线延伸方向存在预定角度。
在工作状态下，工位框架2可沿转台装置1中心线转动预定角度。
工件定位部包括与工位框架2的底端固定连接的至少两个限位装置3。
工件定位部还包括与工位框架2固定连接的至少四个夹紧装置4。
使工位框架2从转台装置1的底端向顶端方向延伸，工位框架2的延伸方向与转台装置1的中心线延伸方向存在预定角度能够对场地的高度方向进行利用，进一步的解决了冷却中的工件占地面积大的问题。
在进一步的实施例中，在上述中心轴转动的方式中，若工位框架2上工件重量不对称，或驱动组件工作过程中产生振动时，都会使工位框架上工件坐标点出现偏移，造成焊接坐标点定位不准确的问题。
为了解决上述问题，转台装置1设置有环形轨道，工位框架2与环形轨道配合，通过驱动组件驱动工位框架沿转台装置中心线转动预定角度。
可以将转台装置1作为基座，在基座上设置环形轨道。与上述通过中心轴转动的方式不同，可以通过设置周向转动的机构实现回转。驱动组件与工件框架2固定连接，驱动组件是伺服电机或步进电机等电动机。
驱动组件驱动工件框架2绕中心轴转动。例如可以在底部、顶部或中部等设置至少一个环形滑轨，通过驱动组件推动框架沿滑轨转动预定角度，不同的工位框架之间固定连接。
通过环形轨道还能够为工位框架提供支撑力，解决了若工位框架上工件重量不对称，或驱动组件工作过程中产生振动时，都会使工位框架上工件坐标点出现偏移，造成焊接坐标点定位不准确的问题。提高了焊接精度和工位框架的承载力。
在进一步的实施例中，工位框架每次转动k*（360/N°），其中，N为工位框架的数量，k为自然数。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，包括：与地面固定连接的工位框架，工件与工位框架可拆卸连接，所述工位框架和工件与地面呈预定夹角。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，还包括与地面固定连接的转台装置，所述工位框架至少有两个，所述工位框架与转台装置固定连接，所述转台装置驱动工位框架转动至预定位置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，还包括至少一个位于工位框架远离转台装置一侧的排气装置，所述排气装置向工位框架方向排气。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，所述排气装置固定安装在转台装置的底端，所述排气装置从转台装置向工位框架方向排气。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，还包括与工位框架固定连接的液冷装置，所述液冷装置包括与工位框架固定连接的冷凝管，所述冷凝管内流动有冷却液。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，所述工位框架上固定安装有至少两个冷凝管，位于冷却工位的工位框架的冷凝管与位于焊接工位的工位框架的冷凝管连通，所述冷凝管内的冷却液从冷却工位的工位框架向焊接工位的工位框架方向流动，所述冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架的热量向施工工位的工位框架方向输送。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，所述工位框架的底端还固定安装有至少两个限位装置，工件与限位装置抵接配合。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述一种多工位工作台，其特征在于，还包括与工位框架固定连接的至少四个夹紧装置，所述工位框架的顶端和底端各固定安装有至少两个夹紧装置，所述夹紧装置包括与工位框架固定连接的支座，与支座固定连接的动力源，以及与动力源固定连接的压块，所述动力源驱动压块向工位框架方向位移，工件与压块抵接配合。
  9. 基于权利要求4-8任一项所述多工位工作台的焊接方法，其特征在于，包括：至少三个与转台装置固定连接的工位框架，所述工位框架绕转台装置的中心轴圆周分布，三个工位框架分别是拆装工位的工位框架、焊接工位的工位框架、以及冷却工位的工位框架；
    S1. 在拆装工位的工位框架上安装至少一个工件之后使用转台装置将拆装工位的工位框架转动至焊接工位，然后工作人员或焊接机器人对焊接工位的工位框架上的工件进行焊接工作；
    S2. 焊接工位的工位框架上的工件焊接工作完成后，使用转台装置将焊接工位的工位框架转动至冷却工位，同时拆装工位的工位框架转动至焊接工位；
    S3. 冷却工位的工位框架上的工件冷却预定时间后，转动至拆装工位后在拆装工位更换工位框架上的工件；
    S4. 在工件冷却过程中，焊接工位的焊接工作已完成，而冷却时间小于预定时间，则冷却工位的工位框架转动至拆装工位继续冷却，工件在冷却工位和拆装工位冷却的总时间超过预定时间后，在拆装工位更换工位框架上的工件；
    S5. 在焊接过程中，排气装置从转台装置向工位框架方向排气；
    S6. 在焊接过程中，冷凝管内的冷却液从冷却工位的工位框架向焊接工位的工位框架方向流动，冷却液将冷却工位的工位框架的热量向施工工位的工位框架方向输送。
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