WO2022061870A1 - 维生素k2微胶囊及其制备方法和在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用 - Google Patents

维生素k2微胶囊及其制备方法和在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2022061870A1
WO2022061870A1 PCT/CN2020/118330 CN2020118330W WO2022061870A1 WO 2022061870 A1 WO2022061870 A1 WO 2022061870A1 CN 2020118330 W CN2020118330 W CN 2020118330W WO 2022061870 A1 WO2022061870 A1 WO 2022061870A1
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vitamin
oil
phase
parts
microcapsules
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PCT/CN2020/118330
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王雪瑞
刘锦洪
王文积
林木荣
魏初权
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厦门金达威生物科技有限公司
厦门金达威集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 厦门金达威生物科技有限公司, 厦门金达威集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 厦门金达威生物科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/118330 priority Critical patent/WO2022061870A1/zh
Priority to US17/442,784 priority patent/US20220304948A1/en
Priority to CN202080002124.7A priority patent/CN112399847B/zh
Publication of WO2022061870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022061870A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/12—Ketones
    • A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/03—Organic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/25—Exudates, e.g. gum arabic, gum acacia, gum karaya or tragacanth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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    • A23L3/3544—Organic compounds containing hetero rings
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    • A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of vitamin K2, and in particular relates to a vitamin K2 microcapsule, a preparation method thereof, and an application in the preparation of a medicine for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is the manifestation of systemic vascular disease or systemic vascular disease in the heart and brain, which generally refers to the heart, brain and other diseases caused by hyperlipidemia, blood viscosity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc.
  • An ischemic or hemorrhagic disease occurs in systemic tissues.
  • cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a serious threat to human health, characterized by high morbidity, high disability and high mortality, especially for middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old.
  • cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are still mainly based on prevention, and the main means are the control of risk factors and antithrombotics. Therefore, the development of safe and effective drugs and related preparations for preventing and/or treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has become a difficult and urgent task for medical workers.
  • Vitamin K2 also known as Menaquinone, is usually represented by MK. It consists of a group of compounds, a total of 14 forms, the difference lies in the length of the side chain, the representative molecules are MK-4 and MK-7. Among them, MK-7 has the characteristics of wide function, high safety, strong activity and long half-life, and it mainly plays a very important role in the growth and metabolism of cells and the prevention and treatment of calcification of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular and renal blood vessels. Vitamin K2 promotes bone and heart health by activating two proteins that balance calcium in the body. The Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health has rated vitamin K2 (MK-7) as a revolutionary and multipotent vitamin with broad application prospects in health care.
  • Vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble drug, and its solubility in water is very small, so it is difficult to digest and absorb in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, and its bioavailability is extremely low.
  • vitamin K2 is quite sensitive to light and oxygen, and is easily decomposed when exposed to light. In view of this, even if vitamin K2 has a good health-care pharmacological effect, if its solubility in aqueous medium and its stability are not improved, its clinical efficacy is difficult to achieve the expected value.
  • vitamin K2 is mainly extracted from natto or obtained by microbial fermentation, which is difficult to synthesize.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of poor water solubility, poor stability and low bioavailability of vitamin K2, and provide a vitamin K2 microcapsule capable of improving the water solubility, stability and bioavailability of vitamin K2, and a preparation method thereof and in It is used in the preparation of medicines for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • vitamin K2 omega-6 source/omega-3 source, vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate, water phase wall material and antioxidant are arranged according to (0.001 ⁇ 10):(5 ⁇ 30): (0.1 ⁇ 10): (50 ⁇ 95): (0.01 ⁇ 10)
  • vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate TPGS
  • TPGS vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate
  • the present invention provides a vitamin K2 microcapsule, wherein the vitamin K2 microcapsule contains the following components in parts by weight: 0.001-10 parts of vitamin K2, 5-30 parts of a polyunsaturated fatty acid source, a vitamin E polymer 0.1-10 parts of ethylene glycol succinate, 50-95 parts of water-phase wall material and 0.01-10 parts of antioxidant, the polyunsaturated fatty acid source contains ⁇ -6 source and ⁇ -3 source, the antioxidant It is an aqueous phase antioxidant and/or an oil phase antioxidant.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules contain the following components in parts by weight: 0.005-5 parts of vitamin K2, 10-25 parts of polyunsaturated fatty acid source, 0.5-5 parts of vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate, water phase 55-90 parts of wall material and 0.05-5 parts of antioxidant.
  • vitamin K2 is in the MK-7 configuration.
  • the mass ratio of ⁇ -6 to ⁇ -3 in the polyunsaturated fatty acid source is (0.5-4):1, preferably (1-2):1, more preferably 1.5:1.
  • omega-3 source is selected from at least one of DHA algal oil, fish oil, linseed oil, perilla seed oil, canola oil, walnut oil, pepper seed oil and soybean oil.
  • omega-6 source is selected from at least one of ARA oil, grapeseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, canola oil, walnut oil, sunflower oil and sesame oil.
  • water phase wall material is selected from at least one of protein compound wall material, carbohydrate wall material and modified starch.
  • the protein compound wall material is selected from at least one of sodium caseinate, soybean protein, prolamin and whey protein.
  • carbohydrate wall material is selected from at least one of gum arabic, white granulated sugar, cyclodextrin, maltodextrin, solid corn syrup and glucose syrup dry powder.
  • modified starch is sodium starch octenyl succinate and/or sodium starch dodecenyl succinate.
  • the aqueous antioxidant is selected from at least one of sodium ascorbate, ascorbic acid and sodium citrate.
  • oil phase antioxidant is selected from at least one of lecithin, natural VE, rosemary extract and ascorbyl palmitate.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules also contain at least one of a glidant, a flavoring agent and a coloring agent.
  • the contents of the glidant, the flavoring agent and the coloring agent are each independently 0-5 parts by weight, preferably 0-2 parts by weight each independently.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of the vitamin K2 microcapsules, the method comprising:
  • the weight ratio of succinate is (2 ⁇ 6): 1;
  • step (1) the water phase wall material, part of vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate and optional water phase antioxidants, glidants, flavoring agents and colorants are dispersed in water.
  • the method is to dissolve the water-phase wall material in water at 35-45 °C, and ultrasonically disperse the wall material in an inert atmosphere to obtain an aqueous solution of the wall material.
  • the selected water-phase antioxidants, glidants, flavoring agents and colorants are added to the wall material aqueous solution, and uniformly mixed under an inert atmosphere to obtain water-phase materials.
  • the conditions for the ultrasonic dispersion include ultrasonic power of 240-480w and ultrasonic time of 10-30min.
  • step (1) the vitamin K2, the polyunsaturated fatty acid source, the remaining part of vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate and the optional oil phase antioxidant are mixed uniformly by mixing the vitamin K2 under an inert atmosphere.
  • K2, polyunsaturated fatty acid source, vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate and optional oil phase antioxidant are heated to 35 ⁇ 50 DEG C, keep stirring until each component is completely dissolved to obtain oil phase material.
  • step (2) the mixing method of the water-phase material and the oil-phase material is to simultaneously discharge and mix the water-phase material and the oil-phase material at a mass ratio of (1.5-2.5):1.
  • the conditions of the spray drying include that the spray inlet air temperature is 140 ⁇ 170°C, the outlet air temperature is 80 ⁇ 95°C, the atomizer frequency is 165 ⁇ 200Hz, and the cooling air temperature is 16 ⁇ 170°C. 22°C, the feed temperature is 50-60°C.
  • the present invention also provides vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared by the above method.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the vitamin K2 microcapsules as dietary supplements or health food.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the vitamin K2 microcapsules in the preparation of medicines for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules obtained by the method provided by the invention can significantly improve the water solubility, stability and bioavailability of vitamin K2, and can significantly improve the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and have broad application prospects.
  • the content of the vitamin K2 is 0.001-10 parts by weight, specifically 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 parts by weight, etc., particularly preferably 0.005 to 5 parts by weight.
  • the vitamin K2 can be any one of its 14 forms and its combination, preferably the MK-7 configuration, because compared with other configurations, the MK-7 configuration has a wide range of functions, high safety, With the characteristics of strong activity and long half-life, the obtained vitamin K2 microcapsules have more significant effects in preventing and/or treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acid source is 5 to 30 parts by weight, specifically 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 parts by weight, etc., particularly preferably 10 to 25 parts by weight.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid refers to a straight-chain fatty acid containing two or more double bonds and a carbon chain length of 18-22 carbon atoms. According to the position of the first double bond carbon atom at the methyl end, the polyunsaturated fatty acids can be divided into ⁇ -3 type and ⁇ -6 type polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the ⁇ -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids include ⁇ -linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
  • the omega-3 source may be selected from at least one of DHA algal oil, fish oil, linseed oil, perilla seed oil, canola oil, walnut oil, pepper seed oil and soybean oil.
  • the omega-6 type polyunsaturated fatty acids include linoleic acid (LA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA).
  • the omega-6 source may be selected from at least one of ARA oil, grapeseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, canola oil, walnut oil, sunflower oil and sesame oil. Since omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids require the same enzyme system in the body's metabolism, there is a certain competition between them. In order to be more suitable for matrix absorption, the polyunsaturated fatty acids The mass ratio of ⁇ -6 and ⁇ -3 in the fatty acid source is preferably (0.5-4):1, more preferably (1-2):1, and most preferably 1.5:1.
  • the vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate is formed by the esterification of vitamin E succinate and polyethylene glycol, including d- ⁇ -vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate (d-TPGS). ) and dl-alpha-vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate (dl-TPGS).
  • the vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate has the advantages of PEG, that is, long circulation in vivo, long half-life, and improved cellular uptake of drugs, and has great advantages in the application of drug delivery systems.
  • vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate can inhibit the function of P-glycoprotein (P-g) to promote drug absorption, and has antioxidant effects.
  • the content of the vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate is 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, specifically 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 parts by weight, etc., preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight.
  • the content of the water phase wall material is 50 to 95 parts by weight, specifically 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 parts by weight, etc., preferably 55 to 90 parts by weight.
  • the water phase wall material can be selected from at least one of proteinaceous compound wall material, carbohydrate wall material and modified starch.
  • specific examples of the protein compound wall material include, but are not limited to, at least one of sodium caseinate, soybean protein, prolamin and whey protein.
  • Specific examples of the carbohydrate wall material include, but are not limited to, at least one of gum arabic, white granulated sugar, cyclodextrin, maltodextrin, solid corn syrup and dry glucose syrup.
  • Specific examples of the modified starch include, but are not limited to, sodium starch octenylsuccinate and/or sodium starch dodecenylsuccinate.
  • the content of the antioxidant is 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, specifically 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by weight.
  • the antioxidant can be an oil-phase antioxidant, an aqueous-phase antioxidant, or a combination of the two, specific examples of which include but are not limited to: lecithin, natural VE, rosemary extract, ascorbyl palmitic acid at least one of ester, sodium ascorbate, ascorbic acid and sodium citrate.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules may also contain at least one of a glidant, a flavoring agent and a coloring agent.
  • a glidant a flavoring agent and a coloring agent.
  • the content of the glidant, the flavoring agent and the coloring agent may be independently 0-5 parts by weight, preferably 0-2 parts by weight each independently.
  • the types of the glidant, the flavoring agent and the coloring agent can all be conventionally selected in the art, which are known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the preparation method of the vitamin K2 microcapsule provided by the present invention comprises:
  • the weight ratio of succinate is (2 ⁇ 6): 1;
  • the present invention has no particular limitation on the manner of dispersing the aqueous phase wall material, part of vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate and optional aqueous phase antioxidants, glidants, flavoring agents and coloring agents in water,
  • the above components can be dispersed in water in any order.
  • the dispersion method is to dissolve the water-phase wall material in water at 35-45°C, and ultrasonically disperse the wall material in an inert atmosphere to obtain an aqueous solution of the wall material.
  • the ultrasonic dispersion conditions include that the ultrasonic power is 240- 480w, the ultrasonic time is 10-30min, the feed liquid passes through the ultrasonic probe in a countercurrent circulation mode, and then vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate and optional water phase antioxidants, glidants, flavoring agents and coloring agents are added. Add it to the wall material aqueous solution, and mix it uniformly under an inert atmosphere to obtain an aqueous phase material.
  • step (1) the vitamin K2, the polyunsaturated fatty acid source, the remaining part of vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate and the optional oil phase antioxidant are mixed uniformly in an inert manner. Under the atmosphere, vitamin K2, polyunsaturated fatty acid source, vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate and optional oil phase antioxidant are heated to 35 ⁇ 50 °C, keep stirring until each component is completely dissolved to obtain oil phase material .
  • step (2) the mixing method of the water-phase material and the oil-phase material is to simultaneously discharge the water-phase material and the oil-phase material at a speed of mass ratio (1.5-2.5): 1 mix.
  • the conditions of the spray drying include a spray inlet air temperature of 140-170° C., an outlet air temperature of 80-95° C., an atomizer frequency of 165-200 Hz, and a cooling temperature of 165-200 Hz.
  • the air temperature is 16-22°C
  • the feed temperature is 50-60°C.
  • the present invention also provides vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared by the above method.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the vitamin K2 microcapsules as dietary supplements or health food.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the vitamin K2 microcapsules in the preparation of medicines for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules have significant effects in preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cerebral infarction and the like.
  • hyperlipidemia includes hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, etc., which is manifested as increased total cholesterol, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased triglyceride, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. one or more of the.
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 1.5:1.
  • Dissolve modified starch, solid corn syrup, and maltodextrin in 110 parts by weight of pure water at 40°C ultrasonically treat under nitrogen atmosphere, ultrasonic power is 240w, ultrasonic treatment time is 30min, and the feed liquid is passed through ultrasonic wave in a countercurrent circulation mode.
  • Probe to obtain the wall material aqueous solution; then sodium ascorbate and 0.4 parts by weight of TPGS are added to the obtained wall material aqueous solution, dissolved and uniformly mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare an aqueous phase material.
  • Vitamin K2 linseed oil, soybean oil, grapeseed oil, 0.1 parts by weight of TPGS, and rosemary extract were heated to 40° C.
  • the obtained water-phase material and oil-phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared for 10 minutes at 10,000 rpm to emulsify the system to an oil droplet size of ⁇ 2 microns, and then entered a high-pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 30 MPa.
  • Jet treatment was performed twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 50 °C, the inlet air temperature was 150 °C, the air outlet temperature was 80 °C, and the atomizer frequency was 180Hz, the cooling air temperature is 22°C to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules, the yield is 98.7% (calculated as vitamin K2, the same below), the vitamin K2 content is 4957ppm, and the oil droplet size distribution D90 is 92nm.
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 0.8:1.
  • Dissolve modified starch dry powder of glucose syrup and maltodextrin in 110 parts by weight of pure water at 40°C, ultrasonically treat under nitrogen atmosphere, ultrasonic power is 300w, ultrasonic treatment time is 25min, feed liquid is passed through ultrasonic wave in countercurrent circulation mode.
  • Probe to obtain a wall material aqueous solution; then sodium ascorbate and 0.8 parts by weight of TPGS are added to the obtained wall material aqueous solution, dissolved and uniformly mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare an aqueous phase material.
  • Vitamin K2 perilla oil, walnut oil, canola oil, 0.2 parts by weight of TPGS and ascorbyl palmitate were heated to 45° C.
  • aqueous phase solution and oil phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes to emulsify the system until the oil droplet size was less than or equal to 2 microns, and then entered into a high-pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 35 MPa.
  • Jet treatment was performed twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 50 °C, the inlet air temperature was 160 °C, the air outlet temperature was 80 °C, and the atomizer frequency was 180 Hz, cooling air temperature of 18° C., to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 99.0%, vitamin K2 content of 4965 ppm, and oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 90 nm.
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 2.5:1.
  • Vitamin K2 DHA algae oil, fish oil, ARA oil, 0.2 parts by weight of TPGS, rosemary extract and lecithin were heated to 45°C under nitrogen atmosphere, kept stirring until each component was completely dissolved to obtain oil phase material. Then, the obtained water-phase material and oil-phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared for 10 minutes at 10,000 rpm to emulsify the system to an oil droplet size of ⁇ 2 microns, and then entered a high-pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 30 MPa.
  • Jet treatment was performed twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 50 °C, the inlet air temperature was 155 °C, the air outlet temperature was 85 °C, and the atomizer frequency was 180 Hz, cooling air temperature of 18° C., to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 98.9%, vitamin K2 content of 4958 ppm, and oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 89 nm.
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 3.5:1.
  • Gum arabic SD, gum arabic FT, white granulated sugar, and maltodextrin were dissolved in 110 parts by weight of pure water at 45°C, and ultrasonically treated in a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the ultrasonic power was 350w, and the ultrasonic treatment time was 20min.
  • the method uses an ultrasonic probe to obtain a wall material aqueous solution; then sodium ascorbate and 1.2 parts by weight of TPGS are added to the obtained wall material aqueous solution, dissolved and uniformly mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare an aqueous phase material.
  • Vitamin K2 walnut oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, perilla oil, 0.3 parts by weight of TPGS, rosemary extract, ascorbyl palmitate were heated to 45°C under nitrogen atmosphere, and kept stirring until each component was completely dissolved, An oil phase material was obtained. Then, the obtained water-phase material and oil-phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes to emulsify the system to an oil droplet size of ⁇ 2 microns, and then entered a high-pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 40 MPa.
  • Jet treatment was carried out twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 55°C, the inlet air temperature was 165°C, the air outlet temperature was 85°C, and the atomizer frequency was 185 Hz, cooling air temperature of 18° C. to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 99.2%, vitamin K2 content of 4971 ppm, and oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 86 nm.
  • Vitamin K2 10 fish oil 5 DHA algal oil 5 Sunflower seed oil 20
  • TPGS 5 (4 water phase, 1 oil phase)
  • Modified starch 12633 25 solid corn syrup 15
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 2.1:1.
  • Probe to obtain a wall material aqueous solution; then sodium ascorbate and 4 parts by weight of TPGS are added to the obtained wall material solution, dissolved and uniformly mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare an aqueous material.
  • Vitamin K2 fish oil, DHA algal oil, sunflower oil, 1 weight part of TPGS, and ascorbyl palmitate were heated to 45° C. under nitrogen atmosphere, and kept stirring until each component was completely dissolved to obtain an oil phase material.
  • the obtained water phase material and oil phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared at 10000rpm for 15 minutes to emulsify the system to an oil droplet size of ⁇ 2 microns, and then entered into a high pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 50MPa.
  • Jet treatment was carried out twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 55°C, the inlet air temperature was 170°C, the air outlet temperature was 95°C, and the atomizer frequency was 180 Hz, cooling air temperature of 16° C., to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 99.1%, a vitamin K2 content of 9.94%, and an oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 93 nm.
  • Vitamin K2 10 perilla seed oil 5 safflower oil 15 TPGS 5 (4 water phase, 1 oil phase) Sodium Ascorbate 2 ascorbyl palmitate 3 Modified starch T809 12 gum arabic SD 18 White sugar 13 Maltodextrin 17
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 4.0:1.
  • the ultrasonic power is 300w, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 25min.
  • the method uses an ultrasonic probe to obtain a wall material aqueous solution; then sodium ascorbate and 4 parts by weight of TPGS are added to the obtained wall material aqueous solution, dissolved and uniformly mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare an aqueous material.
  • Vitamin K2 perilla seed oil, safflower seed oil, 1 weight part of TPGS, and ascorbyl palmitate were heated to 45° C.
  • the obtained water-phase material and oil-phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared for 15 minutes at 10,000 rpm to emulsify the system to an oil droplet size of ⁇ 2 microns, and then entered a high-pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 50 MPa. Jet treatment was carried out twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 55 °C, the air inlet temperature was 170 °C, the air outlet temperature was 85 °C, and the frequency of the atomizer was set. At 185 Hz, the cooling air temperature is 20° C. to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 98.8%, a vitamin K2 content of 9.91%, and an oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 96 nm.
  • the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 3.1:1.
  • Gum arabic SD, gum arabic FT, white granulated sugar, and maltodextrin were dissolved in 110 parts by weight of pure water at 45°C, and ultrasonically treated in a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the ultrasonic power was 350w, and the ultrasonic treatment time was 20min.
  • the method uses an ultrasonic probe to obtain a wall material aqueous solution; then sodium ascorbate and 1.6 parts by weight of TPGS are added to the obtained wall material aqueous solution, dissolved and uniformly mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare an aqueous material.
  • Vitamin K2 prickly ash seed oil, linseed oil, sunflower seed oil, 0.4 parts by weight of TPGS, rosemary extract, ascorbyl palmitate are heated to 40° C.
  • Jet treatment was performed twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 50 °C, the inlet air temperature was 165 °C, the air outlet temperature was 90 °C, and the atomizer frequency was 190 Hz, cooling air temperature of 20° C., to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 99.2%, a vitamin K2 content of 0.99%, and an oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 81 nm.
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 1.7:1.
  • Vitamin K2 DHA algal oil, walnut oil, grapeseed oil, soybean oil, 0.6 parts by weight of TPGS, and lecithin are heated to 45° C. under nitrogen atmosphere, and kept stirring until each component is completely dissolved to obtain an oil phase material.
  • the obtained water-phase material and oil-phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared at 10000rpm for 15 minutes to emulsify the system to the oil droplet size ⁇ 2 microns, and then entered a high-pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 40MPa. Jet treatment was performed twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 50 °C, the inlet air temperature was 165 °C, the air outlet temperature was 90 °C, and the frequency of the atomizer was set. At 185 Hz, the cooling air temperature is 20° C. to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 98.9%, a vitamin K2 content of 0.99%, and an oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 87 nm.
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 2.4:1.
  • Gum arabic SD, gum arabic FT, solid corn syrup, and maltodextrin were dissolved in 110 parts by weight of pure water at 45°C, and ultrasonically treated in a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the ultrasonic power was 350w, and the ultrasonic treatment time was 25min.
  • the wall material aqueous solution was obtained by means of ultrasonic probe; then sodium ascorbate and 2.4 parts by weight of TPGS were added to the obtained wall material aqueous solution, dissolved and uniformly mixed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare an aqueous phase material.
  • Jet treatment was performed twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 55°C, the inlet air temperature was 170°C, the air outlet temperature was 85°C, and the atomizer frequency was 180 Hz, cooling air temperature of 22° C., to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 98.9%, a vitamin K2 content of 4.94%, and an oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 89 nm.
  • the weight ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 1.5:1.
  • the ultrasonic power is 300w and the ultrasonic treatment time is 30min.
  • Vitamin K2 DHA algae oil, ARA oil, 1 weight part of TPGS, rosemary extract, ascorbyl palmitate were heated to 40° C. under nitrogen atmosphere, and kept stirring until each component was completely dissolved to obtain an oil phase material.
  • the obtained water phase material and oil phase material were simultaneously discharged and mixed at a speed of 2:1, sheared at 10000rpm for 10 minutes to emulsify the system to oil droplet size ⁇ 2 microns, and then entered into a high pressure micrometer with a set pressure of 50MPa.
  • Jet treatment was performed twice to obtain an emulsion with an oil droplet size of ⁇ 100 nanometers; the obtained emulsion was spray-dried, and the feed temperature was set to 50 °C, the inlet air temperature was 170 °C, the air outlet temperature was 90 °C, and the atomizer frequency was 180 Hz, cooling air temperature of 16° C., to obtain vitamin K2 microcapsules with a yield of 99.0%, a vitamin K2 content of 4.97%, and an oil droplet size distribution D 90 of 85 nm.
  • the vitamin K microcapsules were prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the amounts of linseed oil, soybean oil and grapeseed oil were adjusted to 8 parts by weight, 1 part by weight and 1 part by weight, respectively, so that the polyunsaturated fatty acid oils and fats were The weight ratio of ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 0.2:1, and the remaining conditions are the same as in Example 1, and the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules are obtained, and the yield thereof is 98.9%, the vitamin K2 content is 4959ppm, and the oil droplet particle size distribution D 90 is 91nm.
  • the vitamin K microcapsules were prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the amounts of linseed oil, soybean oil and grapeseed oil were adjusted to 2 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight and 6 parts by weight, respectively, so as to make the polyunsaturated fatty acid oils and fats
  • the weight ratio of ⁇ -6/ ⁇ -3 is 5:1, and the remaining conditions are the same as in Example 1, and the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules are obtained, and the yield thereof is 98.6%, the vitamin K2 content is 4955ppm, and the oil droplet particle size distribution D 90 is 94nm.
  • Comparative Example 1 The formula composition of Comparative Example 1 is the same as that of Example 1. TPGS is all added to the water phase in the preparation step, and the remaining conditions are the same as those of Example 1.
  • the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules are obtained, and the yield is 94.3%, and the content of vitamin K2 is 4912ppm.
  • the oil droplet size distribution D90 is 183nm.
  • Comparative Example 2 The formula composition of Comparative Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1. In the preparation step, all TPGS is added to the oil phase, and the remaining conditions are the same as those of Example 1.
  • the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules are obtained, and the yield is 94.1%, and the content of vitamin K2 is 4906ppm. , the oil droplet size distribution D90 is 167nm.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules were prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference was that TPGS was replaced by monoglyceride laurate of the same weight portion. 91.2%, vitamin K2 content is 4869ppm, oil droplet size distribution D90 is 202nm.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules were prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the polyunsaturated fatty acid source (linseed oil, soybean oil, grapeseed oil) was MCT (medium chain triglyceride, saturated fatty acid) in the same weight portion. Instead, the remaining conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules were obtained, the yield was 98.8%, the vitamin K2 content was 4957 ppm, and the oil droplet size distribution D 90 was 93 nm.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid source (linseed oil, soybean oil, grapeseed oil) was MCT (medium chain triglyceride, saturated fatty acid) in the same weight portion.
  • MCT medium chain triglyceride, saturated fatty acid
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules were prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference was that the vitamin K2 was replaced by MCT (medium chain triglycerides, saturated fatty acids) of the same weight portion. The remaining conditions were the same as those in Example 1, and the reference vitamin K2 was obtained. Microcapsules, the oil droplet size distribution D90 is 89nm.
  • Control substance 4 Vitamin K2 (VK2) raw material.
  • the samples and reference substances were put into sealed colorless and transparent vials, respectively, placed under the conditions of 4500Lx light intensity irradiation, oxygenated filling (25 °C), and 60 °C (incubator) for 15 days, respectively. 5 days, 10 days, 15 days of sampling, the USP method was used to determine the VK2 content, and the influence of light, oxygen, and temperature conditions on the VK2 labeled content (%) was investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the results in Table 1 show that the vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared by the present invention have basically no change in the marked content of VK2 under the accelerated aging conditions of light, oxygen and high temperature, and VK2 does not appear to be significantly damaged, indicating that the vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared by the present invention have Good stability can reduce the influence of light, oxygen and high temperature on its properties, and the product has a good shelf life.
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Examples 1-12 (code names: Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, Y9, Y10, Y11, Y12);
  • Reference substance 1 (code-named DY1): 2000ppm water-soluble vitamin K2 microcapsules purchased from a biotech company in Shanghai;
  • Reference substance 2 (code-named DY2): 2000ppm water-soluble vitamin K2 microcapsules purchased from a pharmaceutical technology company in Guangdong;
  • Reference substance 3 (code-named DY3): reference vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Comparative Example 1;
  • Reference substance 4 (codenamed DY4): the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Comparative Example 2;
  • Reference substance 5 (code-named DY5): the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Comparative Example 3;
  • Reference substance 6 (codenamed DY6): the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Comparative Example 4;
  • Reference substance 7 (code-named DY7): the reference vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Comparative Example 5.
  • Test Example 3 Test of blood lipid lowering function of vitamin K2 microcapsules
  • Feeding animals with high cholesterol and lipid feeds can form an animal model of lipid metabolism disorder, and then giving animals a test sample can detect the effect of the test sample on hyperlipidemia, and determine the effect of the test sample on lipids and lipids.
  • TC serum total cholesterol
  • TG triglyceride
  • HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  • Healthy adult male SD rats with a body weight of 150-200 g were selected, and the rats were randomly divided into groups of 10 rats by a completely random design.
  • High-fat feed group 78.8wt% basal feed, 1wt% cholesterol, 10wt% protein powder, 10wt% lard, 0.2wt% bile salts.
  • Standard feed group basal feed.
  • Vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Example 1 Vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Example 1;
  • Control 1 Vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Comparative Example 4.
  • Control 2 Vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared in Comparative Example 5.
  • the experiment set up 10 groups the first group was the high-fat diet control group (given high-fat feed), the second group was the standard diet group (given standard feed), and the other groups were given high-fat diet every day and oral gavage
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared from samples 1 to 6 and controls 1 to 2 were administered three times a day for 30 days.
  • the rats were fed with basal diet and observed for 10 days in the experimental environment, and then the tail blood was collected to measure the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
  • TC serum total cholesterol
  • TG triglyceride
  • HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  • the vitamin K2 microcapsules prepared by the present invention can effectively reduce the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum of rats, and can significantly improve high-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.
  • TC total cholesterol
  • TG triglyceride
  • HDL-C high-density lipoprotein Cholesterol

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Abstract

一种维生素K2微胶囊及其制备方法和在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用。所述维生素K2微胶囊含有以下重量份的组分：维生素K2 0.001～10份、多不饱和脂肪酸源5～30份、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯0.1～10份、水相壁材50～95份和抗氧化剂0.01～10份，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中含有ω-6源和ω-3源，所述抗氧化剂为水相抗氧化剂和/或油相抗氧化剂。采用所述方法制备得到的维生素K2微胶囊的水溶性和稳定性好、生物利用度高，能够显著提高对心脑血管疾病的预防和/或治疗效果，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

维生素K2微胶囊及其制备方法和在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用 技术领域
本发明属于维生素K2技术领域，具体涉及一种维生素K2微胶囊及其制备方法和在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用。
背景技术
心脑血管疾病是全身性血管病变或系统性血管病变在心脏和脑部的表现，其泛指由于高脂血症、血液粘稠、动脉粥样硬化、高血压等所致的心脏、大脑及全身组织发生缺血性或出血性疾病。随着人类生活水平的提高，饮食结构的改变及人口的老龄化，心脑血管疾病的发病率有逐年增多趋势。心脑血管疾病严重威胁着人类的健康，具有高患病率、高致残率和高死亡率的特点，尤其是对于50岁以上的中老年人群。目前心脑血管疾病仍然是以预防为主，主要手段是控制危险因素和抗栓。因此，开发出安全有效的预防和/或治疗心脑血管的药物及相关制剂已成为医药工作者艰巨而紧迫的任务。
维生素K2，也称甲基萘醌(Menaquinone)，通常用MK来表示。它由一组化合物组成，共有14种形式，差别在于侧链的长短不一，代表性的分子是MK-4和MK-7。其中，MK-7具备功能广泛、安全性高、活性强大、半衰期长等特点，主要对细胞的生长代谢及防治心脑血管和肾脏血管的钙化起到非常重要的作用。维生素K2通过激活两种平衡体内钙的蛋白质来促进骨骼和心脏健康。美国国立卫生研究院膳食补充剂办公室评价维生素K2(MK-7)为革命性和多能性的维生素，其具有健康保健的广阔应用前景。相关研究发现，病情恶化的新冠病毒COVID-19患者缺乏充足的维生素K2，特别是全球疫情背景下公众对维生素K2及其在免疫健康和COVID-19结果中的潜在作用产生了新的兴趣。然而，天然食物中维生素K2(MK-7)的含量极低，基本无法通过食物摄取足量的维生素K2(MK-7)来满足身体的各项需求。
维生素K2是脂溶性药物，在水中的溶解度很小，因而口服给药后胃肠道消化吸收方面存在困难，生物利用度极低。另外，维生素K2对光和氧相当敏感，暴露于光下容易分解。鉴于此，即使维生素K2具有很好的保健药理作用，但如果没有提高其在水相介质中的溶解性并提高其稳定性，那它在临床上的疗效也很难达到期望值。此外，维生素K2主要是从纳豆中提取或由微生物发酵制得，人工合成难度较大。因此，亟需开发一种水溶性、稳定性以及生物利用度均更高的维生素K2产品，既能保证维生素K2在体内能够达到保健药理作用的所需浓度，又能节约原料，降低生产成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服维生素K2水溶性和稳定性差、生物利用度低的缺陷，而提供一种能够提高维生素K2水溶性和稳定性以及生物利用度的维生素K2微胶囊及其制备方法和在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中应用。
本发明的发明人经过不断试验发现，将维生素K2、ω-6源/ω-3源、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯、水相壁材和抗氧化剂按照(0.001～10):(5～30):(0.1～10):(50～95):(0.01～10)的重量比作为原料制成维生素K2微胶囊，一方面，维生素K2、ω-6和ω-3在预防和/或治疗心脑血管疾病方面具有协同效应，ω-6和ω-3能够显著提高维生素K2的生物利用度；另一方面，将维生素K2制成微胶囊，可有效解决其水溶性差的问题并改善其不稳定性，微胶囊能够有效包埋住芯材中的维生素K2，隔绝光照并避免维生素K2与空气接触，防止其迁移和被氧化，从而能够提高微胶囊中维生素K2的稳定性，再则，在维生素K2微胶囊的制备过程中，维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)以一定配比、分两部分分别添加于油相和水相中，可大幅度降低乳化均质压力，提高维生素K2的稳定性，这种内部依靠维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯、外部依靠微胶囊包裹的双重作用能够显著提高维生素K2的水溶性和稳定性，更有利于其生物活性的发挥。基于此，完成了本发明。
具体地，本发明提供了一种维生素K2微胶囊，其中，所述维生素K2微胶囊含有以下重量份的组分：维生素K2 0.001～10份、多不饱和脂肪酸源5～30份、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯0.1～10份、水相壁材50～95份和抗氧化剂0.01～10份，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中含有ω-6源和ω-3源，所述抗氧化剂为水相抗氧化剂和/或油相抗氧化剂。
进一步地，所述维生素K2微胶囊含有以下重量份的组分：维生素K2 0.005～5份、多不饱和脂肪酸源10～25份、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯0.5～5份、水相壁材55～90份和抗氧化剂0.05～5份。
进一步地，所述维生素K2为MK-7构型。
进一步地，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中ω-6和ω-3的质量比为(0.5～4):1，优选为(1～2):1，更优选为1.5:1。
进一步地，所述ω-3源选自DHA藻油、鱼油、亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、低芥酸菜籽油、核桃油、花椒籽油和大豆油中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述ω-6源选自ARA油、葡萄籽油、红花籽油、大豆油、低芥酸菜籽油、核桃油、葵花籽油和芝麻油中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述水相壁材选自蛋白类化合物壁材、碳水化合物壁材和改性淀粉中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述蛋白类化合物壁材选自酪蛋白酸钠、大豆蛋白、醇溶蛋白和乳清蛋白中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述碳水化合物壁材选自阿拉伯胶、白砂糖、环糊精、麦芽糊精、固体玉米糖浆和 葡萄糖浆干粉中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述改性淀粉为辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和/或十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠。
进一步地，所述水相抗氧化剂选自抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸和柠檬酸钠中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述油相抗氧化剂选自卵磷脂、天然VE、迷迭香提取物和抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述维生素K2微胶囊还含有助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂的含量各自独立地为0～5重量份，优选各自独立地为0～2重量份。
本发明还提供了所述维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，该方法包括：
(1)将水相壁材、部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂分散于水中，得到水相物料；将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、剩余部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂混合均匀，得到油相物料；所述水相物料和油相物料中维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的重量比为(2～6):1；
(2)将所述水相物料和油相物料混合、高速剪切乳化、均质压力30～50MPa处理至油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液，再将所得乳液喷雾干燥制成维生素K2微胶囊。
进一步地，步骤(1)中，将所述水相壁材、部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂分散于水中的方式为将水相壁材溶于35～45℃水中，在惰性气氛下超声分散得到壁材水溶液，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，之后将维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂加入到壁材水溶液中，在惰性气氛下混合均匀，得到水相物料。
进一步地，步骤(1)中，所述超声分散的条件包括超声功率为240～480w，超声时间为10～30min。
进一步地，步骤(1)中，将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、剩余部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂混合均匀的方式为在惰性气氛下，将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂加热至35～50℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得油相物料。
进一步地，步骤(2)中，所述水相物料和油相物料的混合方式为将水相物料和油相物料以质量比(1.5～2.5):1的速度同时放料混合。
进一步地，步骤(2)中，所述喷雾干燥的条件包括喷雾进风温度为140～170℃，出风温度为80～95℃，雾化器频率为165～200Hz，冷却风温度为16～22℃，进料温度为50～60℃。
本发明还提供了由上述方法制备得到的维生素K2微胶囊。
本发明还提供了所述维生素K2微胶囊作为膳食补充剂或保健食品中的应用。
此外，本发明还提供了所述维生素K2微胶囊在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用。
采用本发明提供的方法所得维生素K2微胶囊能够显著提高维生素K2的水溶性、稳定性以及生物利用度，能够显著提高对心脑血管疾病的预防和/或治疗效果，具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
所述维生素K2微胶囊中，所述维生素K2的含量为0.001～10重量份，具体可以为0.001、0.005、0.01、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10重量份等，特别优选为0.005～5重量份。所述维生素K2可以为其14种形式中的任意一种及其组合，优选为MK-7构型，这是由于与其他构型相比，MK-7构型具有功能广泛、安全性高、活性强大、半衰期长等特点，所得维生素K2微胶囊在预防和/或治疗心脑血管疾病方面效果更显著。
所述维生素K2微胶囊中，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源的含量为5～30重量份，具体可以为5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30重量份等，特别优选为10～25重量份。所述多不饱和脂肪酸是指含有两个或两个以上双键且碳链长度为18～22个碳原子的直链脂肪酸。根据甲基端第一个双键碳原子的位置，所述多不饱和脂肪酸可分为ω-3型和ω-6型多不饱和脂肪酸。其中，所述ω-3型多不饱和脂肪酸包括α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。所述ω-3源具体可以选自DHA藻油、鱼油、亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、低芥酸菜籽油、核桃油、花椒籽油和大豆油中的至少一种。所述ω-6型多不饱和脂肪酸包括亚油酸(LA)、γ-亚麻酸(GLA)和花生四烯酸(ARA)。所述ω-6源具体可以选自ARA油、葡萄籽油、红花籽油、大豆油、低芥酸菜籽油、核桃油、葵花籽油和芝麻油中的至少一种。由于ω-3型多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-6型多不饱和脂肪酸在机体代谢过程中需要相同的酶系，导致它们之间存在一定的竞争关系，为了更适合基体吸收，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中ω-6和ω-3的质量比优选为(0.5～4):1，更优选为(1～2):1，最优选为1.5:1。
所述维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)是由维生素E琥珀酸酯与聚乙二醇经酯化形成的，包括d-α-维生素E琥珀酸聚乙二醇酯(d-TPGS)和dl-α-维生素E琥珀酸聚乙二醇酯(dl-TPGS)。所述维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯拥有PEG的优点，即体内长循环、半衰期长、提高药物的细胞摄取，在药物传递系统的应用中具有很大的优势。此外，维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯可抑制P-糖蛋白(P-g)的功能而促进药物吸收，并且具有抗氧化作用。所述维生素K2微胶囊中，所述维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的含量为0.1～10重量份，具体可以为0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10重量份等，优选为0.5～5重量份。
所述维生素K2微胶囊中，所述水相壁材的含量为50～95重量份，具体可以为50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95重量份等，优选为55～90重量份。所述水相壁材可以选自蛋白类化合物壁材、碳水化合物壁材和改性淀粉中的至少一种。其中，所述蛋白类化合物壁材的具体实例包括但不限于：酪蛋白酸钠、大豆蛋白、醇溶蛋白和乳清蛋白中的至少一种。所述碳水化合物壁材的 具体实例包括但不限于：阿拉伯胶、白砂糖、环糊精、麦芽糊精、固体玉米糖浆和葡萄糖浆干粉中的至少一种。所述改性淀粉的具体实例包括但不限于：辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和/或十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠。
所述维生素K2微胶囊中，所述抗氧化剂的含量为0.01～10重量份，具体可以为0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10重量份，优选为0.05～5重量份。所述抗氧化剂可以为油相抗氧化剂，也可以为水相抗氧化剂，还可以为两者的组合，其具体实例包括但不限于：卵磷脂、天然VE、迷迭香提取物、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸和柠檬酸钠中的至少一种。
所述维生素K2微胶囊中还可以含有助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂中的至少一种。其中，所述助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂的含量可以各自独立地为0～5重量份，优选各自独立地为0～2重量份。所述助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂的种类均可以为本领域的常规选择，对此本领域技术人员均能知悉，在此不作赘述。
本发明提供的所述维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法包括：
(1)将水相壁材、部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂分散于水中，得到水相物料；将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、剩余部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂混合均匀，得到油相物料；所述水相物料和油相物料中维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的重量比为(2～6):1；
(2)将水相物料和油相物料混合、高速剪切乳化、均质压力30～50MPa处理至油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液，再将所得乳液喷雾干燥制成维生素K2微胶囊。
本发明对将所述水相壁材、部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂分散于水中的方式没有特别的限定，可以将以上几种组分按照任意顺序分散于水中。在一种优选实施方式中，所述分散的方式为将水相壁材溶于35～45℃水中，在惰性气氛下超声分散得到壁材水溶液，所述超声分散的条件包括超声功率为240～480w，超声时间为10～30min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，之后将维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂加入到壁材水溶液中，在惰性气氛下混合均匀，得到水相物料。
在一种具体实施方式中，步骤(1)中，将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、剩余部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂混合均匀的方式为在惰性气氛下，将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂加热至35～50℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。
在一种具体实施方式中，步骤(2)中，所述水相物料和油相物料的混合方式为将水相物料和油相物料以质量比(1.5～2.5):1的速度同时放料混合。
在一种具体实施方式中，步骤(2)中，所述喷雾干燥的条件包括喷雾进风温度为140～170℃，出风温度为80～95℃，雾化器频率为165～200Hz，冷却风温度为16～22℃，进料温度为50～60℃。
本发明还提供了由上述方法制备得到的维生素K2微胶囊。
本发明还提供了所述维生素K2微胶囊作为膳食补充剂或保健食品的应用。
此外，本发明还提供了所述维生素K2微胶囊在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用。所述维生素K2微胶囊在防治心脑血管疾病中具有显著功效。所述心脑血管疾病包括高血压、高血脂、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、脑梗塞等。其中，高血脂包括高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症等，具体表现为血液中的总胆固醇升高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高、甘油三酯升高和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低中的一项或多项。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例1
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 0.005
亚麻籽油 5
大豆油 4
葡萄籽油 1
TPGS 0.5(0.4水相、0.1油相)
迷迭香提取物 0.03
抗坏血酸钠 0.02
改性淀粉capsul TA 25
固体玉米糖浆 30
麦芽糊精 34.445
上述亚麻籽油、大豆油和葡萄籽油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为1.5:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将改性淀粉、固体玉米糖浆、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份40℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为240w，超声处理时间为30min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、0.4重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、亚麻籽油、大豆油、葡萄籽油、0.1重量份TPGS、迷迭香提取物在氮气气氛下加热至40℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切10分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为30MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所 得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为50℃，进风温度为150℃，出风温度为80℃，雾化器频率为180Hz，冷却风温度为22℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为98.7％(以维生素K2计，下同)，维生素K2含量为4957ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为92nm。
实施例2
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 0.005
紫苏籽油 5
核桃油 2
低芥酸菜籽油 3
TPGS 1(0.8水相、0.2油相)
抗坏血酸钠 0.02
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 0.03
改性淀粉capsul TA 30
葡萄糖浆干粉 25
麦芽糊精 33.945
上述紫苏籽油、核桃油、低芥酸菜籽油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为0.8:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将改性淀粉、葡萄糖浆干粉、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份40℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为300w，超声处理时间为25min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、0.8重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、紫苏油、核桃油、低芥酸菜籽油、0.2重量份TPGS、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在氮气气氛下加热至45℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相溶液和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切10分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为35MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为50℃，进风温度为160℃，出风温度为80℃，雾化器频率为180Hz，冷却风温度为18℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为99.0％，维生素K2含量为4965ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为90nm。
实施例3
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 0.005
DHA藻油 2
鱼油 2
ARA油 6
TPGS 1(0.8水相、0.2油相)
抗坏血酸钠 0.01
柠檬酸钠 0.01
迷迭香提取物 0.02
卵磷脂 0.02
乳清蛋白 35
白砂糖 20
麦芽糊精 33.935
上述DHA藻油、鱼油、ARA油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为2.5:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将乳清蛋白、白砂糖、麦芽糊精溶于120重量份45℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为480w，超声处理时间为10min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、柠檬酸钠、0.8重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、DHA藻油、鱼油、ARA油、0.2重量份TPGS、迷迭香提取物、卵磷脂在氮气气氛下加热至45℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切10分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为30MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为50℃，进风温度为155℃，出风温度为85℃，雾化器频率为180Hz，冷却风温度为18℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为98.9％，维生素K2含量为4958ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为89nm。
实施例4
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 0.005
核桃油 4
亚麻籽油 1
芝麻油 4
紫苏籽油 1
TPGS 1.5(1.2水相、0.3油相)
抗坏血酸钠 0.02
迷迭香提取物 0.02
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 0.02
阿拉伯胶SD 35
阿拉伯胶FT 18
白砂糖 12
麦芽糊精 23.435
上述核桃油、亚麻籽油、芝麻油、紫苏籽油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为3.5:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将阿拉伯胶SD、阿拉伯胶FT、白砂糖、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份45℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为350w，超声处理时间为20min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、1.2重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、核桃油、亚麻籽油、芝麻油、紫苏油、0.3重量份TPGS、迷迭香提取物、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在氮气气氛下加热至45℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切10分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为40MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为55℃，进风温度为165℃，出风温度为85℃，雾化器频率为185Hz，冷却风温度为18℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率99.2％，维生素K2含量为4971ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为86nm。
实施例5
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 10
鱼油 5
DHA藻油 5
葵花籽油 20
TPGS 5(4水相、1油相)
抗坏血酸钠 2
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 3
改性淀粉12633 25
固体玉米糖浆 15
麦芽糊精 10
上述鱼油、DHA藻油、葵花籽油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为2.1:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将改性淀粉、固体玉米糖浆、麦芽糊精溶于120重量份40℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为480w，超声处理时间为10min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、4重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、鱼油、DHA藻油、葵花籽油、1重量份TPGS、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在氮气气氛下加热至45℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切15分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为50MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为55℃，进风温度为170℃，出风温度为95℃，雾化器频率为180Hz，冷却风温度为16℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为99.1％，维生素K2含量为9.94％，油滴粒径分布D 90为93nm。
实施例6
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 10
紫苏籽油 5
红花籽油 15
TPGS 5(4水相、1油相)
抗坏血酸钠 2
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 3
改性淀粉T809 12
阿拉伯胶SD 18
白砂糖 13
麦芽糊精 17
上述紫苏籽油、红花籽油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为4.0:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将改性淀粉、阿拉伯胶SD、白砂糖、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份40℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为300w，超声处理时间为25min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、4重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、紫苏籽油、红花籽油、1重量份TPGS、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在氮气气氛下加热至45℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切15分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为50MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得的乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为55℃，进风温度为170℃，出风温度为85℃，雾化器频率为185Hz，冷却风温度为20℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为98.8％，维生素K2含量为9.91％，油滴粒径分布D 90为96nm。
实施例7
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 1
花椒籽油 8
亚麻籽油 2
葵花籽油 10
TPGS 2(1.6水相、0.4油相)
抗坏血酸钠 2
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 1
迷迭香提取物 1
阿拉伯胶SD 24
阿拉伯胶FT 20
白砂糖 13
麦芽糊精 16
上述花椒籽油、亚麻籽油、葵花籽油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3比值为3.1:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将阿拉伯胶SD、阿拉伯胶FT、白砂糖、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份45℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为350w，超声处理时间为20min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头， 得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、1.6重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、花椒籽油、亚麻籽油、葵花籽油、0.4重量份TPGS、迷迭香提取物、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在氮气气氛下加热至40℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切10分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为40MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为50℃，进风温度为165℃，出风温度为90℃，雾化器频率为190Hz，冷却风温度为20℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为99.2％，维生素K2含量为0.99％，油滴粒径分布D 90为81nm。
实施例8
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 1
DHA藻油 5
核桃油 2
葡萄籽油 10
大豆油 3
TPGS 3(2.4水相、0.6油相)
抗坏血酸钠 2
柠檬酸钠 1
卵磷脂 3
醇溶蛋白 38
固体玉米糖浆 20
麦芽糊精 12
上述DHA藻油、核桃油、葡萄籽油、大豆油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为1.7:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将醇溶蛋白、固体玉米糖浆、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份40℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为400w，超声处理时间为25min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、柠檬酸钠、2.4重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、DHA藻油、核桃油、葡萄籽油、大豆油、0.6重量份TPGS、卵磷脂在氮气气氛下加热至45℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切15分钟使体系乳化 至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为40MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得的乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为50℃，进风温度为165℃，出风温度为90℃，雾化器频率为185Hz，冷却风温度为20℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为98.9％，维生素K2含量为0.99％，油滴粒径分布D 90为87nm。
实施例9
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 5
紫苏油 6
ARA油 2
芝麻油 3
大豆油 4
葵花籽油 5
TPGS 3(2.4水相、0.6油相)
抗坏血酸钠 2
迷迭香提取物 1
天然VE 1
阿拉伯胶SD 25
阿拉伯胶FT 18
固体玉米糖浆 10
麦芽糊精 15
上述紫苏油、ARA油、芝麻油、大豆油、葵花籽油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为2.4:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将阿拉伯胶SD、阿拉伯胶FT、固体玉米糖浆、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份45℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为350w，超声处理时间为25min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、2.4重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、紫苏油、ARA油、芝麻油、大豆油、葵花籽油、0.6重量份TPGS、迷迭香提取物、天然VE在氮气气氛下加热至45℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切15分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为45MPa的高压微射流处 理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为55℃，进风温度为170℃，出风温度为85℃，雾化器频率为180Hz，冷却风温度为22℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率98.9％，维生素K2含量为4.94％，油滴粒径分布D 90为89nm。
实施例10
(1)原料组成：
组分 投料量(重量份)
维生素K2 5
DHA藻油 10
ARA油 15
TPGS 5(4水相、1油相)
抗坏血酸钠 2
迷迭香提取物 1
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 2
改性淀粉capsul TA 25
固体玉米糖浆 18
麦芽糊精 17
上述DHA藻油、ARA油组成的混合油脂中，多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3的重量比为1.5:1。
(2)维生素K2微胶囊的制备：
将改性淀粉、固体玉米糖浆、麦芽糊精溶于110重量份45℃纯水中，在氮气气氛下超声波处理，超声功率为300w，超声处理时间为30min，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，得到壁材水溶液；再将抗坏血酸钠、4重量份TPGS加入到所得的壁材水溶液中，在氮气气氛下溶解、混合均匀制备成水相物料。将维生素K2、DHA藻油、ARA油、1重量份TPGS、迷迭香提取物、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在氮气气氛下加热至40℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。接着将所得水相物料和油相物料以2:1的速度同时放料混合、10000rpm转速下剪切10分钟使体系乳化至油滴粒径≤2微米，然后进入设定压力为50MPa的高压微射流处理2次，得到油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液；将所得乳液进行喷雾干燥，设置进料温度为50℃，进风温度为170℃，出风温度为90℃，雾化器频率为180Hz，冷却风温度为16℃，得到维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为99.0％、维生素K2含量为4.97％，油滴粒径分布D 90为85nm。
实施例11
按照实施例1的方法制备维生素K微胶囊，不同的是，将亚麻籽油、大豆油和葡萄籽油的用量 分别调整为8重量份、1重量份和1重量份以使得多不饱和脂肪酸油脂ω-6/ω-3的重量比为0.2:1，其余条件与实施例1相同，得到参比维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为98.9％，维生素K2含量为4959ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为91nm。
实施例12
按照实施例1的方法制备维生素K微胶囊，不同的是，将亚麻籽油、大豆油和葡萄籽油的用量分别调整为2重量份、2重量份和6重量份以使得多不饱和脂肪酸油脂ω-6/ω-3的重量比为5:1，其余条件与实施例1相同，得到参比维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为98.6％，维生素K2含量为4955ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为94nm。
对比例1
对比例1的配方组成与实施例1相同，制备步骤上TPGS全部添加于水相中，其余条件同实施例1，得到参比维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为94.3％，维生素K2含量为4912ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为183nm。
对比例2
对比例2的配方组成与实施例1相同，制备步骤上TPGS全部添加于油相中，其余条件同实施例1，得到参比维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为94.1％，维生素K2含量为4906ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为167nm。
对比例3
按照实施例1的方法制备维生素K2微胶囊，不同的是，将TPGS采用相同重量份的月桂酸单甘酯替代，其余条件与实施例1相同，得到参比维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为91.2％，维生素K2含量为4869ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为202nm。
对比例4
按照实施例1的方法制备维生素K2微胶囊，不同的是，将多不饱和脂肪酸源(亚麻籽油、大豆油、葡萄籽油)采用相同重量份的MCT(中链甘油三酯，饱和脂肪酸)替代，其余条件与实施例1相同，得到参比维生素K2微胶囊，其收率为98.8％，维生素K2含量为4957ppm，油滴粒径分布D 90为93nm。
对比例5
按照实施例1的方法制备维生素K2微胶囊，不同的是，将维生素K2采用相同重量份的MCT(中链甘油三酯，饱和脂肪酸)替代，其余条件与实施例1相同，得到参比维生素K2微胶囊，油滴粒径分布D 90为89nm。
测试例1：维生素K2微胶囊的稳定性测定
(1)样品
样品1：实施例1；
样品2：实施例11；
样品3：实施例12；
对照品1：对比例1；
对照品2：对比例2；
对照品3：对比例3；
对照品4：维生素K2(VK2)原料。
(2)测试方法
将样品和对照品分别装入密封无色透明的小瓶中，分别置于4500Lx光照强度照射、充氧灌装(25℃)、60℃(恒温箱)条件下放置15天，分别于0天、5天、10天、15天取样，用USP方法测定VK2含量，考察光照、氧气、温度条件对VK2标示含量(％)的影响，结果如表1所示。
表1 光照、氧气、温度条件对VK2稳定性的影响
Figure PCTCN2020118330-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020118330-appb-000002
表1的结果表明，本发明所制备的维生素K2微胶囊在光照、氧气、高温加速老化条件下，VK2标示含量基本没有变化，VK2未出现明显破坏，说明本发明所制备的维生素K2微胶囊具有较好的稳定性，能够降低光照、氧气、高温对其性质的影响，产品保质期良好。
测试例2：维生素K2微胶囊的水分散溶解性能测定
(1)样品
实施例1～12制备的维生素K2微胶囊(代号为：Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y6、Y7、Y8、Y9、Y10、Y11、Y12)；
对照品1(代号为DY1)：购自上海某生物科技公司的2000ppm水溶性维生素K2微胶囊；
对照品2(代号为DY2)：购自广东某医药科技公司的2000ppm水溶性维生素K2微胶囊；
对照品3(代号为DY3)：对比例1制备的参比维生素K2微胶囊；
对照品4(代号为DY4)：对比例2制备的参比维生素K2微胶囊；
对照品5(代号为DY5)：对比例3制备的参比维生素K2微胶囊；
对照品6(代号为DY6)：对比例4制备的参比维生素K2微胶囊；
对照品7(代号为DY7)：对比例5制备的参比维生素K2微胶囊。
(2)测试方法
室温下，在100mL烧杯中加入50mL 25℃的水，静置至水中无气泡、水面平稳后，取样品、对照品各1.00g，从烧杯中央上方相同位置迅速倒入水中，记录在水中分散溶解时间，即样品全部湿润、下沉到杯底的时间，所得结果见表2。表2的结果表明，本发明所得的维生素K2微胶囊能够在水中快速分散溶解，具有较好的水分散性。
表2 各样品微胶囊在水中分散溶解时间
Figure PCTCN2020118330-appb-000003
测试例3：维生素K2微胶囊的降低血脂功能测试
(1)原理
用高胆固醇和脂类饲料喂养动物可形成脂代谢紊乱动物模型，再给予动物受试样品，可检测受试样品对高血脂症的影响，并可判定受试样品对脂质和脂蛋白的吸收、脂质的降解或排泄产生的影响。
(2)仪器及试剂
解剖器械，分光光度计，自动生化分析仪，胆固醇、胆盐、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)测定试剂盒。
(3)动物选择及饲料
选取健康成年雄性SD大鼠，体重为150～200g，采用完全随机设计将大鼠随机每10只分为一组。
高脂饲料组：78.8wt％基础饲料、1wt％胆固醇、10wt％蛋白粉、10wt％猪油、0.2wt％胆盐。
标准饲料组：基础饲料。
(4)样品
样品1：实施例1制备的维生素K2微胶囊；
样品2：实施例2制备的维生素K2微胶囊；
样品3：实施例3制备的维生素K2微胶囊；
样品4：实施例4制备的维生素K2微胶囊；
样品5：实施例11制备的维生素K2微胶囊；
样品6：实施例12制备的维生素K2微胶囊；
对照品1：对比例4制备的维生素K2微胶囊。
对照品2：对比例5制备的维生素K2微胶囊。
(5)方法
试验设置10组，第1组为高脂饮食的对照组(给予高脂饲料)，第2组为标准饮食组(给予标准饲料)，其余各组分别每天给予高脂饮食的同时经口灌胃给予样品1～6和对照品1～2制备的维生素K2微胶囊，每天3次，试验时间为30天。
(6)实验步骤
在实验环境下对大鼠饲喂基础饲料观察10天，然后取尾血，测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。根据TC水平，随机分成10组，按上述(5)中所述的方法进行试样，定期称量体重，试验结束后禁食16小时，测血清中TC、TG、HDL-C水平。结果见表3所示。
表3总胆固醇(mg/dL)测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020118330-appb-000004
表4血清甘油三酯(TG)测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020118330-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020118330-appb-000006
表5血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020118330-appb-000007
从表3～表5的结果可以看出，本发明制得的维生素K2微胶囊能够有效降低大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平，并且能够显著提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述维生素K2微胶囊含有以下重量份的组分：维生素K2 0.001～10份、多不饱和脂肪酸源5～30份、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯0.1～10份、水相壁材50～95份、抗氧化剂0.01～10份、任选的助流剂0～5重量份、任选的矫味剂0～5重量份和任选的着色剂0～5重量份，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中含有ω-6源和ω-3源，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中ω-6和ω-3的质量比为(0.5～4):1，所述抗氧化剂为水相抗氧化剂和/或油相抗氧化剂，该方法包括：
    (1)将水相壁材、部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂分散于水中，得到水相物料；将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、剩余部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂混合均匀，得到油相物料；所述水相物料和油相物料中维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的重量比为(2～6):1；
    (2)将所述水相物料和油相物料混合、高速剪切乳化、均质压力30～50MPa处理至油滴粒径≤100纳米的乳液，再将所得乳液喷雾干燥制成维生素K2微胶囊。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，将所述水相壁材、部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂分散于水中的方式为将水相壁材溶于35～45℃水中，在惰性气氛下超声分散得到壁材水溶液，料液以逆流循环的方式通过超声探头，之后将维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯以及任选的水相抗氧化剂、助流剂、矫味剂和着色剂加入到壁材水溶液中，在惰性气氛下混合均匀，得到水相物料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述超声分散的条件包括超声功率为240～480w，超声时间为10～30min。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、剩余部分维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂混合均匀的方式为在惰性气氛下，将维生素K2、多不饱和脂肪酸源、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和任选的油相抗氧化剂加热至35～50℃，保温搅拌直至各组分完全溶解，得到油相物料。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述水相物料和油相物料的混合方式为将水相物料和油相物料以质量比(1.5～2.5):1的速度同时放料混合。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中， 所述喷雾干燥的条件包括喷雾进风温度为140～170℃，出风温度为80～95℃，雾化器频率为165～200Hz，冷却风温度为16～22℃，进料温度为50～60℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述维生素K2微胶囊含有以下重量份的组分：维生素K2 0.005～5份、多不饱和脂肪酸源10～25份、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯0.5～5份、水相壁材55～90份、抗氧化剂0.05～5份、助流剂0～2重量份、矫味剂0～2重量份和着色剂0～2重量份。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述维生素K2为MK-7构型。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中ω-6和ω-3的质量比为(1～2):1。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多不饱和脂肪酸源中ω-6和ω-3的质量比为1.5:1。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述ω-3源选自DHA藻油、鱼油、亚麻籽油、紫苏籽油、低芥酸菜籽油、核桃油、花椒籽油和大豆油中的至少一种；所述ω-6源选自ARA油、葡萄籽油、红花籽油、大豆油、低芥酸菜籽油、核桃油、葵花籽油和芝麻油中的至少一种。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述水相壁材选自蛋白类化合物壁材、碳水化合物壁材和改性淀粉中的至少一种。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述蛋白类化合物壁材选自酪蛋白酸钠、大豆蛋白、醇溶蛋白和乳清蛋白中的至少一种；所述碳水化合物壁材选自阿拉伯胶、白砂糖、环糊精、麦芽糊精、固体玉米糖浆和葡萄糖浆干粉中的至少一种；所述改性淀粉为辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和/或十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的维生素K2微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，所述水相抗氧化剂选自抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸和柠檬酸钠中的至少一种；所述油相抗氧化剂选自卵磷脂、天然VE、迷迭香提取物和抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的至少一种。
  15. 由权利要求1～14中任意一项所述的方法制备得到的维生素K2微胶囊。
  16. 权利要求15所述的维生素K2微胶囊作为膳食补充剂或保健食品的应用。
  17. 权利要求15所述的维生素K2微胶囊在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用。
PCT/CN2020/118330 2020-09-28 2020-09-28 维生素k2微胶囊及其制备方法和在制备防治心脑血管疾病的药物中的应用 WO2022061870A1 (zh)

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US17/442,784 US20220304948A1 (en) 2020-09-28 2020-09-28 Vitamin k2 microcapsule, preparation method thereof and use thereof in manufacture of medicament for preventing or treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
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