WO2022059708A1 - 研磨状態解析予測プログラム、記憶装置、カソードルミネセンス装置、および研磨状態解析予測方法 - Google Patents
研磨状態解析予測プログラム、記憶装置、カソードルミネセンス装置、および研磨状態解析予測方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
- B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/005—Control means for lapping machines or devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion
- G01N23/2251—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion using incident electron beams, e.g. scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
- G01N23/2254—Measuring cathodoluminescence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H01L21/02008—Multistep processes
- H01L21/0201—Specific process step
- H01L21/02024—Mirror polishing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/20—Sequence of activities consisting of a plurality of measurements, corrections, marking or sorting steps
- H01L22/26—Acting in response to an ongoing measurement without interruption of processing, e.g. endpoint detection, in-situ thickness measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/611—Specific applications or type of materials patterned objects; electronic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
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- G01N2223/6116—Specific applications or type of materials patterned objects; electronic devices semiconductor wafer
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/634—Specific applications or type of materials wear behaviour, roughness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/10—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process
- H01L22/12—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process for structural parameters, e.g. thickness, line width, refractive index, temperature, warp, bond strength, defects, optical inspection, electrical measurement of structural dimensions, metallurgic measurement of diffusions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polishing state analysis prediction program for analyzing and predicting the polishing state of a substrate, a storage device, a cathode luminescence device, and a polishing state analysis prediction method.
- GaN substrates The market for GaN substrates is expected to expand as substrates for next-generation semiconductor devices.
- crystals obtained by various bulk crystal growth processes are cut out and molded into a substrate shape, and finally the substrate surface is finished in an atomic order flat and undamaged mirror surface state. There must be. Since GaN is a highly brittle material with high mechanical hardness and chemical stability, it is difficult to polish, and it is known as a so-called difficult-to-polish material.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing method using a colloidal silica slurry
- polishing efficiency includes the development of new polishing technology, the use of new chemical reactions, and the optimization and development of polishing auxiliary materials such as abrasives and polishing pads.
- polishing rate for various polishing conditions is evaluated by analyzing the data reflecting the damage to the substrate.
- C cathode luminescence
- a cathode luminescence (CL) method as a method for evaluating the presence or absence of a work-altered layer in the final surface finish polishing of a GaN material.
- CL cathode luminescence
- the surface of the GaN crystal material is irradiated with an electron beam, CL light based on the emission recombination process in the vicinity of the GaN crystal surface can be observed.
- non-luminescent recombination sites are formed in the essential crystal defect portion of the crystal material and the portion damaged by mechanical processing, and CL light is not observed.
- the captured cross-section of carriers at non-luminescent recombination sites is larger than the captured cross-section of carriers at luminescent recombination sites. Therefore, it is known that there is a significant difference in intensity between the uniform crystal portion generated at the luminescent recombination site and the CL light due to crystal defects and damages occurring at the non-luminescent recombination site.
- the electron beam irradiation function mounted on the scanning electron microscope hereinafter, simply referred to as “SEM”) is mainly used, and the CL light is used like the SEM image.
- An intensity mapping image (hereinafter, simply referred to as “CL image”) can be obtained.
- Non-Patent Document 1 it is possible to visualize the processed alteration layer existing under the surface of the substrate instead of the processed scratch existing on the surface of the substrate as a black line in which non-emission recombination sites are linearly formed. Therefore, it is extremely effective as a method for determining the presence or absence of processing damage existing in the GaN substrate, and is reported in, for example, Non-Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a defect observation method using the CL method.
- the document discloses a method of chamfering a GaN wafer in order to suppress chipping in which edges are chipped when polishing the GaN wafer, and performing a chamfering process until darkening, which is a crystal defect, can be confirmed in a CL image. ing.
- the conventional CL method merely evaluates the presence or absence of the processed alteration layer by the surface image. Although it is possible to visually confirm the decrease in black lines due to non-emission recombination with respect to the polishing time by observing the change over time in the CL image, no quantitative evaluation has been performed. As described above, the CL method is extremely effective for observing the final surface of the GaN substrate, but in order to improve the polishing efficiency of the GaN substrate having an extremely slow polishing rate, a quantitative evaluation using the CL method is performed. It is requested.
- the CL method has a limited observation field of view, and it is not easy to confirm the removal of the work-altered layer on the entire surface of the substrate.
- the polishing rate is slow, so it is not necessary to observe the substrate one by one at predetermined time intervals until the polishing is completed as in the conventional method for each substrate to be polished. It is inevitable to waste time.
- the polishing rate and the final polishing time which should be objectively grasped in order to improve the polishing efficiency, are quantitatively evaluated in a short time.
- the subject of the present invention can contribute to high polishing efficiency by objectively grasping the surface state of the substrate at the initial stage of polishing the substrate and estimating the polishing rate and the final polishing time in a short time. It is to provide a polishing state analysis prediction program, a storage device, a cathode luminescence device, and a polishing state analysis prediction method.
- the CL method is a method of irradiating a substrate with an electron beam at a predetermined acceleration voltage and capturing the light generated by the electron-hole pairs.
- an excess minority carrier is generated.
- the lifetime of the excess minority carrier is expressed using the luminescence recombination lifetime in which the electron-hole pair emits energy with light and the non-luminescence recombination lifetime in which the electron-hole pair generates heat and emits energy.
- the emission intensity I of CL light is proportional to the ratio of the emission recombination lifetime to the recombination lifetime of the entire excess minority carrier. Based on this ratio and the recombination lifetime of excess minority carriers, the emission intensity I can be expressed using the density of recombination sites, the capture cross section, and the carrier rate.
- the strength of the processing damage given to the substrate decreases exponentially in the depth direction. Therefore, further studies were conducted on the emission intensity I based on the fact that this decreasing tendency was shown. As a result, it was found that the quantitative change of the light emission intensity in the CL image for each polishing time can be grasped in a short time by fitting the change of the light emission intensity in the polishing time with a predetermined function. Since the emission intensity I and the brightness of the CL image are proportional to each other, the above principle can be applied to either the emission intensity I or the image brightness L. Based on this knowledge, the polishing rate can be objectively estimated, and the present invention has been completed.
- the polishing time until the change in emission intensity or brightness is hardly observed is the initial stage of polishing. Therefore, it was considered that the final polishing time could be predicted without observing the entire surface of the substrate by using a substrate that had been polished for a period of time in which there was almost no change in emission intensity or brightness, and further studies were conducted. .. Focusing on the black line density of the CL image at various polishing times under the situation where the substrate after the initial polishing is further polished, the final polishing end time can be predicted accurately in a shorter time than before. , The present invention has been completed.
- the present invention completed based on such findings is not limited to the GaN substrate, and can be applied to a group of materials in which the relationship between light emission and non-light emission is reversed as compared with the exemplified GaN.
- the present invention obtained from these findings is as follows.
- a polishing state analysis prediction program for predicting the future polishing state of the substrate based on the cathode luminescence image of the substrate to be polished obtained by the cathode luminescence method, after starting the polishing of the substrate.
- the step of calculating the average emission intensity data or the average brightness data from the cathode luminescence image at predetermined time intervals and the average emission intensity data or the average brightness data are plotted, and an equation showing the fitting curve of the plot is derived using a predetermined function.
- a polishing state analysis prediction program characterized by having a computer perform the steps to be performed.
- the function is a logistic function, which is the polishing state analysis prediction program described in (1) above.
- I (t) is the emission intensity of CL light at the polishing time t
- H is the upper limit of the above equation (1)
- L (t) is the polishing. It is the brightness at time t
- G is the upper limit value of the above equation (2)
- T and a are constants obtained when deriving the equation of the fitting curve, respectively.
- a polishing state analysis prediction program for predicting the final polishing time of a substrate based on the cathode luminescence image of the substrate to be polished obtained by the cathode luminescence method, wherein the substrate is the above (2) or In the fitting curve derived by the polishing state analysis prediction program described in (3) above, polishing is performed until the polishing time is 0.9 times or more and less than 1 times the upper limit value, and the substrate is further polished. Under the circumstances to be performed, the step of calculating the black line density from the cathode luminescence image at predetermined time intervals and each of the calculated black line densities are plotted, and the black line density is 106 cm - 2 to 104 cm- .
- a polishing state analysis prediction program characterized by having a computer execute a step calculated as a final polishing time.
- a computer-readable storage device that records the polishing state analysis prediction program according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
- a cathode luminescence device that predicts the future polishing state of the substrate based on the cathode luminescence image of the substrate to be polished obtained by the cathode luminescence method, and every predetermined time after starting polishing.
- Average emission intensity data or average brightness data for each cathode luminescence image is calculated from the cathode luminescence image acquisition unit that acquires the cathode luminescence image and the cathode luminescence image acquired by the cathode luminescence image acquisition unit. It is characterized by including a data calculation unit and an expression derivation unit that plots the average emission intensity data or the average brightness data calculated by the average data calculation unit and derives the equation of the fitting curve of the plot using a predetermined function. Catholyte luminescence device.
- a cathode luminescence device that predicts the final polishing time of a substrate based on the cathode luminescence image of the substrate to be polished obtained by the cathode luminescence method, wherein the substrate is the above (2) or the above.
- polishing is performed until the polishing time is 0.9 times or more and less than 1 times the upper limit value, and the substrate is further polished.
- a cathode luminescence image acquisition unit that acquires a cathode luminescence image
- a black line density calculation unit that calculates a black line density from a cathode luminescence image acquired by the cathode luminescence image acquisition unit, and a black line.
- a data extraction unit and a data extraction unit that plot each of the black line densities calculated by the density calculation unit and extract a plot of the polishing time range in which the black line density decreases from 106 cm -2 to 104 cm -2 .
- the black line density in the fitting straight line derivation part that fits the plot extracted by the linear function and derives the formula representing the fitting straight line and the formula derived by the fitting straight line derivation part is less than 104 cm -2 .
- a cathode luminescence device including a final polishing time calculation unit that calculates a time at which a threshold value, which is a value of, is reached as a final polishing time.
- the computer started polishing with a polishing state analysis prediction method for predicting the polishing state of the substrate in the future based on the cathode luminescence image of the substrate to be polished obtained by the cathode luminescence method. After that, the average emission intensity data or the average brightness data for each cathode luminescence image is calculated from the cathode luminescence image every predetermined time, the average emission intensity data or the average brightness data is plotted, and the plot fitting is performed using a predetermined function.
- a polishing state analysis prediction method characterized by deriving a curve equation.
- the computer is a polishing state analysis prediction method for predicting the final polishing time of the substrate based on the cathode luminescence image of the substrate to be polished obtained by the cathode luminescence method, and the substrate is the above-mentioned ( In the fitting curve derived by the polishing state analysis prediction program described in 2) or (3) above, polishing is performed until the polishing time is 0.9 times or more and less than 1 times the upper limit value, and the substrate is polished. Under the situation where further polishing is performed, the black line density is calculated from the cathode luminescence image at predetermined time intervals, and each of the calculated black line densities is plotted, and the black line density is 106 cm -2 to 104 cm.
- a polishing state analysis prediction method characterized in that it is calculated as a polishing time.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cathode luminescence device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of an arithmetic unit used in the cathode luminescence device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of an arithmetic unit used in the program of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the polishing state analysis prediction method of the first embodiment
- FIG. 4A is a flowchart in the case where the polishing rate calculation unit is not provided in FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a diagram.
- 3 is a flowchart in the case where the polishing rate calculation unit is provided in 3.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the luminance L and the polishing time t under each polishing condition in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a fitting curve after plotting the luminance acquired from the CL image for each polishing time and fitting with a logistic function.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a fitting curve after plotting the brightness acquired from the CL image for each polishing time and fitting with various functions, and FIG. 7A is a diagram showing the result of fitting with a linear function.
- 7 (b) is a diagram showing the result of fitting with the exponential function, and
- FIG. 7 (c) is a diagram showing the result of fitting with the logistic function.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of an arithmetic unit used in the program of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a substrate polishing method executed by the substrate polishing apparatus of the second embodiment.
- 10A and 10B are CL images of a substrate polished under the polishing condition 2 of the first embodiment, FIG. 10A shows a polishing time of 90 minutes, FIG. 10B shows a polishing time of 130 minutes, and FIG. 10C shows.
- 10 (d) is a CL image with a polishing time of 180 minutes
- FIG. 10 (d) shows a polishing time of 240 minutes
- FIG. 10 (e) shows a polishing time of 300 minutes
- FIG. 10 (f) shows a CL image with a polishing time of 360 minutes.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the black line density obtained from the CL image of FIG. 10 and the polishing time
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the black line density obtained from the CL image of FIG. 10 and the polishing time
- 11 (a) shows a straight line obtained from the data of the actual black line density and 90 to 360.
- the estimated straight line estimated from the black line density of the minute is shown, and FIG. 11 (b) is obtained by estimating from the straight line obtained from the data of the actual black line density and the black line density of 130 to 360 minutes.
- 11 (c) shows a straight line obtained from the data of the actual black line density and an estimated straight line estimated from the black line density of 180 to 360 minutes, and FIG. 11 (d) shows. Shows a straight line obtained from the actual black line density data and an estimated straight line estimated from the black line density of 240 to 360 minutes.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
- the items described in each embodiment may be combined.
- the embodiment described below shows an example of a polishing state analysis prediction program (hereinafter, simply referred to as “program”).
- the program according to the present embodiment constitutes software that is installed in a storage device of a general-purpose computer connected to a cathode luminescence device or is recorded in the storage device and is read and executed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cathode luminescence (hereinafter referred to as “CL”) device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the CL device 10 includes an electron beam irradiation device 20, a sample table 30, a CL photodetector 40, and an arithmetic unit 50.
- the electron beam irradiating device 20 irradiates the substrate 60 placed on the sample table 30 with the electron beam 21.
- the CL photodetector 40 detects the CL light 22 emitted by the substrate 60.
- the arithmetic unit 50 performs various processes based on the data detected by the CL photodetector 40. Further, since the electron beam irradiation device 20, the sample table 30, and the arithmetic unit 50 may be those attached to the SEM, the CL device 10 may be built in the SEM.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of an arithmetic unit 50 used in the CL device according to the present embodiment.
- the arithmetic unit 50 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 51 that performs various processes, a memory 52, a non-volatile storage device 53, an input device 54 such as a keyboard and a microphone, a monitor 55, and an input / output interface 56.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the CPU 51 loads the program stored in the storage device 53 into the memory 52 and executes it. Each function described later is executed by the CPU 51.
- the storage device 53 stores various data in addition to the program.
- the storage device 53 is a non-volatile memory such as a ROM (Random Access Memory), an HDD that can be connected to the arithmetic unit 50 from the outside, or the like. Further, any medium such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk or a CD-ROM that can store a program magnetically or optically may be used.
- the program stored in the storage device 53 is loaded into the memory 52.
- the input device 54 is a device for inputting information.
- the execution result of the CPU 51 and the like are displayed on the monitor 55.
- the input / output interface 56 is an interface for receiving the detection data of the CL photodetector 40 and transmitting the data to an external device.
- the substrate 60 applied to this embodiment is not limited to the GaN substrate. It is also applied to both substrate materials whose ratios of luminescent recombination and non-luminescent recombination change due to polishing, and substrate materials that exhibit CL emission characteristics when damaged by polishing. That is, it can be applied to a group of materials in which the relationship between light emission and non-light emission is reversed as compared with the exemplified GaN. Examples of such a material include GaN, GaAs, ruby, diamond, ZnS, ZnSe, CdS, MgO and the like.
- the hardware configuration of the CL device and the arithmetic unit is common to any of the following embodiments. Therefore, these explanations described below will be omitted. The functions of the arithmetic unit will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments can be combined with each other and are not limited to the embodiments described in the embodiments.
- FIG. 3 is a figure which shows the functional structure of the arithmetic unit 50 used for the program of 1st Embodiment.
- the arithmetic unit 50 includes a CL image acquisition unit 50a, an average data calculation unit 50b, and an expression derivation unit 50c.
- the polishing rate calculation unit 50d is provided. If the polishing rate calculation unit 50d is not provided, this function can be manually supported. In addition, these functions are realized by the above-mentioned collaboration of hardware resources.
- the CL image acquisition unit 50a acquires a CL image for each polishing time based on data such as CL light and polishing time (polishing time) received by the input / output interface 56.
- the average data calculation unit 50b calculates average emission intensity data or average luminance data from each CL image.
- the formula derivation unit 50c plots the average emission intensity data or the average luminance data acquired from each CL image, and derives a fitting curve formula using a predetermined function.
- the polishing rate calculation unit 50d calculates the polishing rate from the derived formula.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the polishing state analysis prediction method of the first embodiment
- FIG. 4A is a flowchart in the case where the polishing rate calculation unit is not provided in FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a diagram.
- 3 is a flowchart in the case where the polishing rate calculation unit is provided in 3.
- the CL image acquisition unit 50a acquires a CL image for each polishing time (S101). After a predetermined time has passed from the start of polishing, the substrate is taken out from the polishing apparatus, placed on a sample table of a scanning electron microscope (hereinafter referred to as "SEM"), and the surface of the substrate is irradiated with an electron beam. , CL image is obtained by measuring CL light emitted from the substrate with a detector.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- CL image for example, a scanning electron microscope (SEM, manufactured by Topcon Co., Ltd .: model number sm-300) equipped with a CL photodetector is used, the acceleration voltage is 10 kV, the probe current is "90", and the working distance (W. D.) It can be observed at 22.5 mm and a magnification of 2000 times.
- CL images are acquired every predetermined polishing time of the substrate. Further, the CL image is associated with the image acquisition time, and information on the polishing time can also be obtained.
- the average data calculation unit 50b calculates the average emission intensity data or the average luminance data (average value of pixel values) for each obtained CL image (102). This can be easily obtained, for example, by using the image analysis software (sm-300 Series) attached to the above-mentioned SEM.
- the equation derivation unit 50c uses the average emission intensity or the average luminance data acquired by the average data calculation unit 50b with the horizontal axis as the polishing time and the vertical axis as shown in “ ⁇ ” and “ ⁇ ” in FIG.
- the axes are plotted as average emission intensity or average brightness (S103).
- a fitting curve equation is derived using a predetermined function (S104).
- Various functions such as a linear function, a quadratic function, an exponential function, and a logistic function can be used for fitting, and a logistic function is preferable, and the following equations (1) and (2) are particularly preferable.
- I (t) is the emission intensity of CL light at the polishing time t
- H is the upper limit of the above equation (1)
- L (t) is the polishing. It is the brightness at time t
- G is the upper limit value of the above equation (2)
- T and a are constants obtained when deriving the equation of the fitting curve, respectively.
- the CL method is a method of irradiating a substrate with an electron beam at a predetermined acceleration voltage and capturing the light generated by the electron-hole pairs.
- an excess minority carrier is generated, and the lifetime ⁇ of this excess minority carrier is the emission recombination lifetime ⁇ r in which the electron-hole pair emits energy with light and the electron-hole pair generate heat. It is expressed by Eq. (3) using the non-emission recombination lifetime ⁇ nr that releases energy.
- the emission intensity I of CL light is proportional to the ratio of the emission recombination lifetime to the recombination lifetime of the entire excess minority carrier. Based on this ratio and the recombination lifetime of the excess minority carriers, the luminescence intensity I is the density Nr of the luminescence recombination site, the capture cross-sectional area ⁇ r of the luminescence recombination carrier, the luminescence recombination carrier rate v, and the non-luminescence recombination.
- equation (6) it can be expressed by equation (6) using the site density N nr , the capture cross-sectional area ⁇ nr of the non-luminescent recombination carrier, and the non-luminescent recombination carrier velocity v. can.
- the polishing rate is simply calculated by using the equation (6), paying attention to the change in the polishing time of the CL image.
- GaN basically has a luminescent recombination site for CL measurements.
- the essential crystal defects of the crystal are non-luminescent recombination sites. Such defects are recognized as black spots with a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less in the CL image.
- Recent GaN has a defect density, that is, a black spot density of about 107 cm -2 or less, and is considered to have no significant effect on the present invention.
- a polishing finish process is carried out to remove the mechanically processed GaN substrate without causing mechanical damage, or even if it is given, under extremely small conditions.
- the damage given to the substrate before polishing decreases exponentially with respect to the depth direction from the substrate surface. This is replaced by an exponential decrease in the number of non-luminescent recombination sites observed by the CL method as the polishing progresses and the resurface layer of the substrate is abraded and removed.
- the number of luminescent recombination sites observed by the CL method should increase exponentially.
- the density Nr of the luminescent recombination site and the density Nnr of the non-luminescent recombination with respect to the polishing time t can be expressed by the equations (7) and (8), respectively.
- the equation of the polishing time change I (t) of the CL emission intensity is derived in the form of a logistic function as shown in the equation (9).
- the contrast C of the CL image at the place showing the emission intensity I of the CL light can be expressed by the equation (10) using the emission intensity I 0 of the reference CL light at the place where the emission intensity is uniform.
- the luminance L is expressed by the equation (11).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the luminance L and the polishing time t under each polishing condition in the first embodiment.
- the reference polishing condition for which the polishing rate is obtained in advance is set as the polishing condition 1, and plotting is performed with the average luminance data under the polishing condition 1 as the reference, and fitting using a1 and T1 from the following equation ( 1 ).
- the curve equation L 1 is obtained.
- the average luminance data under the polishing condition 2 whose polishing rate is unknown is plotted, and the equation L2 of the fitting curve using a2 and T2 is obtained from the following equation ( 2 ).
- the two equations shown in FIG. 5 can be expressed as a function of L (t) by multiplying the equation (12) by G. Further, it can be expressed as a function of I (t) by multiplying Eq. (12) by H.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which polishing is performed so that the polishing amount after polishing is the same under both polishing conditions.
- I (t) is the emission intensity of CL light at the polishing time t
- H is the upper limit of the above equation (1)
- L (t) is the polishing. It is the brightness at time t
- G is the upper limit value of the above equation (2)
- T and a are constants obtained when deriving the equation of the fitting curve, respectively.
- the fitting means in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but after obtaining H or G, fitting can be performed by appropriately substituting numerical values into a and T. It can also be performed by the method of least squares.
- the polishing rate calculation unit 50d calculates the polishing rate based on the equation of the fitting curve (S105).
- the polishing rate can be easily calculated by comparing a, which is an index in the formula (1) or the formula (2), obtained from the CL image of the substrate after a predetermined time has passed since the start of polishing.
- a which is an index in the formula (1) or the formula (2)
- Such a simple comparison can be achieved by:
- the density of the luminescent recombination site at the polishing time t is represented by the equations (13) and (14) under the polishing condition 1 and the polishing condition 2, respectively.
- the density of the luminescent recombination sites will be the same when CMP polishing is performed from the substrate surface to the same depth.
- Equation (18) can be derived from the equation.
- the unknown polishing rate r 2 plots the average luminance data and uses the index a 2 under the polishing condition 2, the index a 1 under the polishing condition 1, and the polishing rate r 1 . It can be easily calculated. The verification results will be described in detail below.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a fitting curve after plotting the luminance acquired from the CL image for each polishing time and fitting with a logistic function.
- a known polishing condition as a base is required.
- CL images up to 440 minutes are acquired every 20 minutes after the start of polishing, average luminance data for each CL image is calculated, and the vertical axis represents the average luminance of the CL image.
- the horizontal axis is plotted as " ⁇ " in FIG. 6 with the polishing time as the polishing time.
- the polishing rate under the polishing condition 1 indicated by " ⁇ " was 60 nm / h.
- fitting was performed using the formula (2), and the formula of polishing condition 1 having a polishing rate of 60 nm / h was obtained in advance.
- polishing rate of polishing condition 2 was about 3.2 times that of polishing condition 1. Therefore, the polishing rate under polishing condition 2 was estimated to be about 180 nm / h. The polishing time required for the estimation was about 150 minutes even in the manual. Actually, the polishing rate under the polishing condition 2 was obtained by the conventional height gauge method. As a result of performing the polishing process for at least 30 hours in consideration of the resolution of the height gauge, the polishing rate was about 180 nm / h.
- the first embodiment it was possible to estimate a highly efficient polishing rate in a polishing time of about 1/12.
- the estimated polishing rate is about the same as the measured value, it is possible to estimate the polishing rate with high accuracy, and therefore it is considered that the polishing end time can also be estimated with high accuracy. ..
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a fitting curve after plotting the brightness acquired from the CL image for each polishing time and fitting with various functions
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing the result of fitting with a linear function
- 7 (b) is a diagram showing the result of fitting with the exponential function
- FIG. 7 (c) is a diagram showing the result of fitting with the logistic function.
- the GaN substrate was polished under two conditions different from the above-mentioned polishing condition 1 and polishing condition 2.
- “ ⁇ ” is the polishing condition A for which the polishing rate is known
- ⁇ is the polishing condition B for which the polishing rate is unknown.
- the polishing rate ratios obtained from FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (c) were 6.3, 6.1, and 8, respectively. Since the measured value of the polishing rate ratio of the polishing conditions A and B was 7.5, a result of about 7.5, which is the measured polishing rate ratio, was obtained, although there were some errors. In particular, the logistic function approximation showed the most accurate results.
- the polishing rates under different conditions can be accurately predicted in a short time.
- the final polishing time under the standard polishing conditions can be known for a material such as a GaN substrate to which the evaluation by the CL method can be applied.
- equation (18) can be used to estimate the final surface finish polishing rate under unknown polishing conditions. Therefore, the final polishing time can also be predicted.
- Embodiment 2 In the first embodiment, the means for estimating the polishing rate extremely quickly using the CL image has been described. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, a means for quickly estimating the final polishing time will be described in a situation where it is difficult to confirm the presence of the residual processed altered layer on the entire surface of the substrate.
- the processing alteration layer that remains slightly on the surface of the substrate adversely affects the use of the substrate for device growth. Therefore, it is desirable that there is no residual processing alteration layer in a high range of the substrate, preferably over the entire surface. Since the polishing rate of conventional materials is relatively high, the quality of the surface condition in which the work-altered layer does not remain is guaranteed by setting a certain amount of excess polishing time.
- the observation area of the CL image is generally several tens of ⁇ m square, it is difficult to guarantee that there is no residual processed alteration layer in a wide range such as per square centimeter or the entire substrate. It seems possible to expand the field of view to 1 to 2 mm square using a special device, but the residual processed altered layer is observed in a CL image as a very slight dotted line with a width of less than 0.5 ⁇ m. Will be done. Therefore, the wider the field of view, the more difficult it is to accurately recognize the residual processed altered layer. Further, even if the field of view is widened, it is not realistic to observe the black line on the entire surface of the substrate because it is at most 1 to 2 mm square.
- an invention capable of observing with a realistic field of view that can be carried out with a conventional device and accurately observing a very slight altered layer will be described. More specifically, a means for estimating the minimum required excess polishing time from a CL image in a general observation area with a low error will be described.
- a size of about 50 ⁇ m square is assumed as a general CL image size capable of efficiently acquiring an image by temporarily suspending the processing during the processing.
- the number of black lines confirmed in this CL observation area becomes a countable level.
- the black line density becomes about 3 ⁇ 10 4 cm -2 .
- Subsequent observations need to expand the CL observation area, but expanding the observation area is not practical because the time required for observation becomes enormous. In fact, for example, in order to guarantee a black line density of 1 cm -2 , the observation must be expanded to that range, and except for the temporary priority development study purpose, it is used for daily development purposes and production control sites. Is virtually impossible to apply.
- a substrate polishing apparatus and a substrate polishing method for estimating the density of the residual processed altered layer in a wide range based on the black line density information in the middle stage of processing are provided.
- the excess polishing time can be kept to the minimum necessary, so that the manufacturing efficiency can be improved. Further, since the required excess polishing time can be accurately grasped, the polishing time can be controlled.
- the polishing time from the polishing time when the black line density is 106 cm -2 or less to the black line density which can be observed in the observation area by a general CL image is 104 cm -2 .
- the brightness of the substrate having the residual processed alteration layer hardly changes in the vicinity of the upper limit of this function, so that most of the processed altered layer is removed. You can see that there is. It is also known that the time zone when the brightness hardly changes is the initial stage of polishing. Therefore, if the substrate used in the second embodiment is a substrate that has been polished for a period of time in which a change in luminance is hardly observed, the final polishing time can be predicted without observing the entire surface of the substrate.
- the polishing is started, fitting is performed by the logistic function described in the first embodiment or the equation (2) of the first embodiment, and the polishing is performed until the brightness becomes 0.9 times or more and less than 1 times the upper limit value. I decided to use the one that was done. It is preferably 0.9 to 0.99 times, and more preferably 0.9 to 0.95 times. In this range, since the black line density is larger than 106 cm -2 , the final polishing time can be predicted in a short time by the means of the second embodiment. As another means, a CL image before further polishing the substrate may be acquired and applied to the second embodiment when the black line density is larger than 106 cm -2 .
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of the arithmetic unit 300 used in the substrate polishing apparatus of the second embodiment.
- the arithmetic unit 300 includes a CL image acquisition unit 300a, a black line density calculation unit 300b, a data extraction unit 300c, a fitting straight line derivation unit 300d, and a final polishing time calculation unit 300e.
- the black line density calculation unit 300b calculates the black line density from each acquired CL image.
- the data extraction unit 300c plots the calculated black line density and extracts the one in the polishing time range in which the black line density decreases in the range of 106 cm- 2 to 104 cm- 2 .
- the fitting straight line derivation unit 300d performs fitting with a linear function on the extracted black line density plot, and derives an equation representing the fitting straight line.
- the final polishing time calculation unit 300e reads a threshold value having a black line density of less than 104 cm-2 obtained in advance from the storage device 53, and calculates the time when the black line density becomes the threshold value as the final polishing time. ..
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a substrate polishing method executed by the substrate polishing apparatus of the second embodiment. Since the process of S301 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the black line density calculation unit 300b reads out the same image analysis software as in the first embodiment from the storage device 53, and calculates the black line density from each of the acquired CL images (S302).
- the data extraction unit 300c plots the black line density with the calculated black line density as the vertical axis and the polishing time corresponding to the black spot density as the horizontal axis (S303), and the black line density is 106 cm -2 to 10 A plot showing values in the range of 4 cm -2 is extracted (S304).
- the fitting straight line derivation unit 300d performs fitting with a linear function on the extracted black line density plot, and derives the equation of the fitting straight line (S305).
- the fitting straight line deriving unit 300d reads out the black line density at the end of polishing on the target substrate, which is stored in the storage device 53 in advance.
- the read black line density is less than 104 cm-2 , it is adopted as a threshold value (S306, yes), and the threshold value is applied to the derived equation to calculate the final polishing time (S307).
- a threshold value for example, 1.0 cm -2 is sufficient.
- the read black line density is 104 cm -2 or more (S306, no) it is determined that the black line density is not the black line density at the end of polishing on the target substrate, and the process ends.
- the substrate used in the second embodiment is polished for a polishing time that is 0.9 times or more and less than 1 times the upper limit value obtained from the logistic function, the equation (1) or the equation (2). ..
- the black line density calculation unit 300b acquires a CL image before further polishing and measures the black line density at the time of S302, and the black line density is 106 cm -2 . It may be determined whether it is larger than.
- the black line density calculation unit 300b determines that the black line density is larger than 106 cm -2
- the black line density is calculated from the CL image at predetermined time intervals under the condition that the substrate is further polished. It may be calculated.
- the black line density calculation unit 300b determines that the black line density is 106 cm -2 or less, the step may be completed. The verification results will be described in detail below.
- FIG. 10A and 10B are CL images of a substrate polished under the polishing condition 2 of the first embodiment, FIG. 10A shows a polishing time of 90 minutes, FIG. 10B shows a polishing time of 130 minutes, and FIG. 10C shows.
- 10 (d) is a CL image with a polishing time of 180 minutes
- FIG. 10 (d) shows a polishing time of 240 minutes
- FIG. 10 (e) shows a polishing time of 300 minutes
- FIG. 10 (f) shows a CL image with a polishing time of 360 minutes.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the black line density obtained from the CL image of FIG. 10 and the polishing time
- FIG. 11 (a) shows a straight line obtained from the data of the actual black line density and 90 to 360.
- FIG. 11 (b) is obtained by estimating from the straight line obtained from the data of the actual black line density and the black line density of 130 to 360 minutes.
- a straight line is shown
- FIG. 11 (c) shows a straight line obtained from the data of the actual black line density and a straight line estimated from the black line density of 180 to 360 minutes
- FIG. 11 (d) shows the actual line.
- the straight line obtained from the black line density data and the straight line estimated from the black line density of 240 to 360 minutes are shown.
- the diagonal solid line is the line obtained by actual measurement
- the dotted line is the line obtained by estimation.
- the range represented by ⁇ represents the estimated time error between the estimated polishing time and the measured value.
- each CL image is acquired, the black line density for each CL image is calculated, and the value is plotted as shown in FIG. We investigated which time zone the plot should be fitted with the linear function.
- the estimated polishing time was estimated to be 1151 minutes.
- the estimated time error from the actual polishing time of 796 minutes was 355 minutes, which was (355/796) ⁇ 100 ⁇ 45%.
- the estimated time error is 1151 minutes, as in the case of 90 minutes to 360 minutes, and ((1151-796) / 796) ⁇ 100 ⁇ It was 45%.
- the black line density in the range of 106 cm -2 to 10 4 cm -2 (that is, the data of 240 to 360 minutes shown in FIG. 11 (d) in the above case) is used.
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Abstract
Description
このように、研磨効率を改善する上で客観的に把握すべきである研磨レートや最終研磨時間が短時間で定量的に評価されることが望まれている。
これらの知見により得られた本発明は以下のとおりである。
以下に説明する実施形態は、研磨状態解析予測プログラム(以下、単に「プログラム」と称する。)の一例を示す。本実施形態に係るプログラムは、カソードルミネセンス装置に接続されている汎用的なコンピュータの記憶装置にインストールされているか又は記憶装置に記録されたものを読み出し、実行されるソフトウェアを構成する。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るカソードルミネセンス(以下、「CL」と称する。)装置10の概略図である。CL装置10は、電子線照射装置20、試料台30、CL光検出器40、および演算装置50を備える。電子線照射装置20は、試料台30に載置された基板60に電子線21を照射する。CL光検出器40は、基板60で発光したCL光22を検出する。演算装置50は、CL光検出器40で検出されたデータに基づいて種々の処理を行う。また、電子線照射装置20、試料台30、および演算装置50は、SEMに付設されているものを用いればよいため、CL装置10はSEMに内蔵されていてもよい。
図2は、本実施形態に係るCL装置に用いる演算装置50のハードウエア構成を示す図である。演算装置50は、種々の処理を行うCPU(Central ProcessingUnit)51、メモリ52、不揮発性の記憶装置53、キーボードやマイク等の入力装置54、モニタ55、および入出力インタフェース56を備える。
CL装置および演算装置のハードウエア構成は、下記のいずれの実施形態にて共通する。よって、これ以降でのこれらの説明を省略する。
以下では演算装置の機能を詳述する。なお、各実施形態は互いに組み合わせることができ、各実施形態に記載されている態様のみに限定されることはない。
図3は、第1実施形態のプログラムに用いる演算装置50の機能構成を示す図である。演算装置50は、CL画像取得部50a、平均データ算出部50b、および式導出部50cを備える。好ましくは、研磨レート演算部50dを備える。研磨レート演算部50dを備えない場合には、この機能はマニュアルで対応可能である。また、これら機能は前述したハードウエア資源の協働により実現される。
(1)式および(2)式の導出方法を詳述する。
例えば、GaNは基本的にCL測定に対して発光再結合サイトを有する。結晶の持つ本質的結晶欠陥は非発光再結合サイトとなる。そのような欠陥はCL画像では直径1μm以下の黒点として認識される。近年のGaNは欠陥密度、すなわち黒点密度が概ね107cm-2以下であり、本発明には大きな影響を与えないものと考えられる。
研磨時間tにおける発光再結合サイトの密度は、研磨条件1および研磨条件2では、各々(13)式および(14)式で表される。
この検証結果を以下で詳述する。
前述のように、未知の研磨条件での最終研磨時間を算出するためには、ベースとなる既知の研磨条件が必要である。ここでは、図6に示すように、研磨を開始してから20分毎に440分までのCL画像を取得し、CL画像毎の平均輝度データを算出し、縦軸をCL画像の平均輝度、横軸を研磨時間として図6中の「■」としてプロットした。「■」で示される研磨条件1の研磨レートは、60nm/hであった。その後、(2)式を用いてフィッティングを行い、予め研磨レートが60nm/hである研磨条件1の式が得られた。
a1/a2=0.045/0.014≒3.2
実施形態1では、CL画像を用いて研磨レートを極めて迅速に推定する手段を説明した。一方、実施形態2では、基板全面で残留加工変質層の存在を確認することが困難な状況において、最終研磨時間を迅速に推定する手段を説明する。
実施形態2の基板研磨装置、および演算装置のハードウエア構成は、実施形態1と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
図8は、第2実施形態の基板研磨装置に用いる演算装置300の機能構成を示す図である。演算装置300は、CL画像取得部300a、黒線密度算出部300b、データ抽出部300c、フィッティング直線導出部300d、および最終研磨時間算出部300eを備える。
図9は、第2実施形態の基板研磨装置で実行される基板研磨方法のフローチャートである。S301の工程は実施形態1と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
この検証結果を以下で詳述する。
図11は、図10のCL画像から得られた黒線密度と研磨時間との関係を示す図であり、図11(a)は実際の黒線密度のデータから得られた直線と90~360分の黒線密度から推定して得られた直線を示し、図11(b)は実際の黒線密度のデータから得られた直線と130~360分の黒線密度から推定して得られた直線を示し、図11(c)は実際の黒線密度のデータから得られた直線と180~360分の黒線密度から推定して得られた直線を示し、図11(d)は実際の黒線密度のデータから得られた直線と240~360分の黒線密度から推定して得られた直線を示す。
図11中、斜めの実線は実測により得られた線であり、点線は推定により得られた線である。⇔で表される範囲が研磨時間の推定値と実測値との推定時間誤差を表す。
Claims (9)
- カソードルミネセンス法により得られた研磨対象である基板のカソードルミネセンス画像に基づいて、将来の前記基板の研磨状態を予測する研磨状態解析予測プログラムであって、
前記基板の研磨を開始した後所定時間毎の前記カソードルミネセンス画像から平均発光強度データまたは平均輝度データを算出するステップと、
前記平均発光強度データまたは平均輝度データをプロットし、所定の関数を用いて前記プロットのフィッティング曲線を示す式を導出するステップと
をコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とする研磨状態解析予測プログラム。 - 前記関数はロジスティック関数である、請求項1に記載の研磨状態解析予測プログラム。
- カソードルミネセンス法により得られた研磨対象である基板のカソードルミネセンス画像に基づいて、前記基板の最終研磨時間を予測する研磨状態解析予測プログラムであって、
前記基板は、請求項2または3に記載の研磨状態解析予測プログラムにより導出されたフィッティング曲線において、上限値の0.9倍以上1倍未満になる研磨時間まで研磨が行われており、
前記基板に対して更に研磨が行われる状況下において、所定時間毎の前記カソードルミネセンス画像から黒線密度を算出するステップと、
算出された前記黒線密度の各々をプロットし、黒線密度が106cm-2から104cm-2に減少する研磨時間域のプロットを一次関数でフィッティングすることによりフィッティング直線を表す式を導出するステップと、
前記式での黒線密度が104cm-2未満の値である閾値になる時間を前記最終研磨時間として算出するステップと
をコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とする研磨状態解析予測プログラム。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の研磨状態解析予測プログラムを記録した、コンピュータに読み取り可能な記憶装置。
- カソードルミネセンス法により得られた研磨対象である基板のカソードルミネセンス画像に基づいて、将来の前記基板の研磨状態を予測するカソードルミネセンス装置であって、
研磨を開始した後所定時間毎の前記カソードルミネセンス画像を取得するカソードルミネセンス画像取得部と、
前記カソードルミネセンス画像取得部により取得された前記カソードルミネセンス画像から、カソードルミネセンス画像毎の平均発光強度データまたは平均輝度データを算出する平均データ算出部と、
前記平均データ算出部により算出された前記平均発光強度データまたは前記平均輝度データをプロットし、所定の関数を用いて前記プロットのフィッティング曲線の式を導出する式導出部と
を備えることを特徴とするカソードルミネセンス装置。 - カソードルミネセンス法により得られた研磨対象である基板のカソードルミネセンス画像に基づいて、前記基板の最終研磨時間を予測するカソードルミネセンス装置であって、
前記基板は、請求項2または3に記載の研磨状態解析予測プログラムにより導出されたフィッティング曲線において、上限値の0.9倍以上1倍未満になる研磨時間まで研磨が行われており、
前記基板に対して更に研磨が行われる状況下において、前記カソードルミネセンス画像を取得するカソードルミネセンス画像取得部と、
前記カソードルミネセンス画像取得部により取得された前記カソードルミネセンス画像から黒線密度を算出する黒線密度算出部と、
前記黒線密度算出部により算出された前記黒線密度の各々をプロットし、黒線密度が106cm-2から104cm-2に減少する研磨時間域のプロットを抽出するデータ抽出部と、
前記データ抽出部により抽出された前記プロットに対して一次関数でフィッティングを行い、フィッティング直線を表す式を導出するフィッティング直線導出部と、
前記フィッティング直線導出部により導出された前記式での黒線密度が104cm-2未満の値である閾値になる時間を最終研磨時間として演算する最終研磨時間算出部と
を備えることを特徴とするカソードルミネセンス装置。 - コンピュータが、カソードルミネセンス法により得られた研磨対象である基板のカソードルミネセンス画像に基づいて、将来の前記基板の研磨状態を予測する研磨状態解析予測方法であって、
研磨を開始した後所定時間毎の前記カソードルミネセンス画像から、カソードルミネセンス画像毎の平均発光強度データまたは平均輝度データを算出し、
前記平均発光強度データまたは前記平均輝度データをプロットし、所定の関数を用いて前記プロットのフィッティング曲線の式を導出する
ことを特徴とする研磨状態解析予測方法。 - コンピュータが、カソードルミネセンス法により得られた研磨対象である基板のカソードルミネセンス画像に基づいて、前記基板の最終研磨時間を予測する研磨状態解析予測方法であって、
前記基板は、請求項2または3に記載の研磨状態解析予測プログラムにより導出されたフィッティング曲線において、上限値の0.9倍以上1倍未満になる研磨時間まで研磨が行われており、
前記基板に対して更に研磨が行われる状況下において、所定時間毎の前記カソードルミネセンス画像から黒線密度を算出し、
算出された前記黒線密度の各々をプロットし、黒線密度が106cm-2から104cm-2に減少する研磨時間域のプロットを一次関数でフィッティングすることによりフィッティング直線を表す式を導出し、
前記式での黒線密度が104cm-2未満の値である閾値になる時間を最終研磨時間として算出する
ことを特徴とする研磨状態解析予測方法。
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JP2016044095A (ja) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-04-04 | 三菱化学株式会社 | GaN基板およびGaN基板の製造方法 |
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