WO2022054838A1 - Conducteur, plaque stratifiée et système d'imagerie - Google Patents

Conducteur, plaque stratifiée et système d'imagerie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022054838A1
WO2022054838A1 PCT/JP2021/033029 JP2021033029W WO2022054838A1 WO 2022054838 A1 WO2022054838 A1 WO 2022054838A1 JP 2021033029 W JP2021033029 W JP 2021033029W WO 2022054838 A1 WO2022054838 A1 WO 2022054838A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
reference point
area
arrangement surface
length
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2021/033029
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
真 阿部
Original Assignee
大日本印刷株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 大日本印刷株式会社 filed Critical 大日本印刷株式会社
Priority to JP2022547626A priority Critical patent/JPWO2022054838A1/ja
Publication of WO2022054838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022054838A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a conductor, a laminated plate having a conductor, and a photographing system having the laminated plate.
  • Laminated plates with conductors are widely used. As described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-173402 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-72674, the laminated plate having a conductor generates heat when energized.
  • the laminated plate having a conductor is used, for example, as a window glass of a moving body such as a vehicle.
  • a plywood with conductors can cause defrosting, melting of snow and ice, and / or evaporation of water droplets.
  • the occupant in the moving body, the photographing device, or the like can secure the field of view through the mating plate.
  • the light When light is applied to a laminated plate having a conductor, the light is diffracted by the conductor.
  • the occupant in the moving body, the photographing device, or the like observes the light diffracted by the conductor as a light beam.
  • the light beam adversely affects the field of view of the occupant or the photographing device in the moving body.
  • the present invention aims to suppress the adverse effects of light beam.
  • the first conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface, and is The arrangement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point overlaps the first area is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor farthest from the reference point.
  • the second conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface, and is It has a conductive part that extends while bending alternately to form a convex part on the opposite side.
  • the arrangement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point overlaps the first area is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor farthest from the reference point.
  • the smaller angle between the direction in which the conductive portion extends and the second line segment connecting the center of the first line segment and the reference point is (90-). x) Less than °.
  • the third conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface, and is The arrangement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point overlaps the first area is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor farthest from the reference point.
  • the first surface may be a surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus for photographing the conductor.
  • the first surface may be a surface perpendicular to the direction in which the conductor is observed.
  • the fourth conductor of the present invention is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface, and is Let n be a natural number of 3 or more When the arrangement surface is divided into n areas by n line segments extending radially from the reference point on the arrangement surface, the conductors are arranged in the radial direction centered on the reference point in each area. Including the first part The first portion approaches the reference point at the intermediate portion and extends from the intermediate portion toward the end portion so as to be away from the reference point.
  • the first portion may include a portion extending in a direction along a boundary between an area in which the first portion is arranged and an adjacent area.
  • the two portions extending from the intermediate portion toward the end portion may be connected at one point in the intermediate portion.
  • the first portion may be arranged so as to be symmetrical only with respect to the reference point.
  • the first portion may be arranged so as to be symmetrical n times with respect to the reference point.
  • the n may be 4.
  • the arrangement surface may be the surface of a base material that supports the conductor or the surface of a substrate on which the conductor is provided.
  • the reference point may be the center of the area to be photographed by the photographing apparatus for photographing the conductor.
  • the first laminated plate of the present invention is A pair of boards and It comprises any of the above-mentioned conductors disposed between the pair of substrates.
  • the second laminated plate of the present invention is A pair of boards and With the above-mentioned first conductor arranged between the pair of substrates, A colored layer provided on one side of the substrate is provided. At least a part of the position on the conductor in which the normal line passes through the reference point and the conductor is projected onto the first surface overlaps with the colored layer.
  • the first imaging system of the present invention is With any of the above-mentioned mating plates, It is equipped with a photographing device arranged facing the mating plate, and is provided with. The imaging device photographs an area centered on the reference point.
  • the second imaging system of the present invention is With the mating board, It is equipped with a photographing device arranged facing the mating plate, and is provided with.
  • the laminated plate has a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface and has a conductor.
  • the arrangement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area.
  • the reference point is an intersection of the optical axis of the photographing apparatus and the arrangement surface.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point overlaps the first area is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor farthest from the reference point.
  • the normal at each position on the conductor which is a projection of the conductor onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus, deviates from the reference point.
  • the third imaging system of the present invention is With the mating board, It is equipped with a photographing device arranged facing the mating plate, and is provided with.
  • the laminated plate has a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface and has a conductor.
  • the conductor has a conductive portion that extends while being bent so as to form a convex portion on the opposite side alternately.
  • the arrangement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area.
  • the reference point is an intersection of the optical axis of the photographing apparatus and the arrangement surface.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point overlaps the first area is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor farthest from the reference point.
  • a first line segment connecting the vertices of two adjacent convex portions in the conductive portion projected onto a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus and a direction in which the conductive portion extends.
  • the smaller angle of the angles is x ° or less, the smaller of the angles formed by the direction in which the conductive portion extends and the second line segment connecting the center of the first line segment and the reference point.
  • the angle of is less than (90-x) °.
  • the fourth imaging system of the present invention is With the mating board, It is equipped with a photographing device arranged facing the mating plate, and is provided with.
  • the laminated plate has a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface and has a conductor.
  • the arrangement surface includes a second area including a reference point and a first area surrounding the second area.
  • the reference point is an intersection of the optical axis of the photographing apparatus and the arrangement surface.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point overlaps the first area is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor farthest from the reference point.
  • the tangent line of the conductor is a line segment connecting the reference point and the position. The smaller of the angles is less than 90 °.
  • the fifth imaging system of the present invention is With the mating board, It is equipped with a photographing device arranged facing the mating plate, and is provided with.
  • the laminated plate has a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface and has a conductor.
  • n be a natural number of 3 or more
  • the conductors are arranged in the radial direction centered on the reference point in each area.
  • the reference point is an intersection of the optical axis of the photographing apparatus and the arrangement surface.
  • the conductive portion approaches the reference point at the intermediate portion and extends from the intermediate portion toward the end portion so as to be away from the reference point.
  • the adverse effect of light beam can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment, and is a perspective view schematically showing a moving body provided with a mating plate.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an automobile equipped with a front window made of a laminated plate as an example of a moving body.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an imaging system including a mating plate and an imaging device.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the laminated plate of FIG. 1 from the normal direction of the plate surface.
  • FIG. 4A is an example of a cross-sectional view of a laminated plate in line IV-IV of FIG.
  • FIG. 4B is another example of a cross-sectional view of the mating plate in line IV-IV of FIG.
  • FIG. 4A is an example of a cross-sectional view of a laminated plate in line IV-IV of FIG.
  • FIG. 4B is another example of a cross-sectional view of the mating plate in line IV-IV of FIG.
  • FIG. 4A is an example of
  • FIG. 5A is a plan view showing the laminated plate of the present embodiment from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing an example of the laminated plate.
  • FIG. 5B is a plan view showing the laminated plate of the present embodiment from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing another example of the laminated plate.
  • FIG. 5C is a plan view showing the laminated plate of the present embodiment from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing still another example of the laminated plate.
  • FIG. 5D is a plan view showing the laminated plate of the present embodiment from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing still another example of the laminated plate.
  • FIG. 5A is a plan view showing the laminated plate of the present embodiment from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing an example of the laminated plate.
  • FIG. 5B is a plan view showing the laminated plate of the present embodiment from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan
  • FIG. 5E is a plan view showing the laminated plate of the present embodiment from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing still another example of the laminated plate.
  • FIG. 6A is a plan view showing an example of a conductor.
  • FIG. 6B is a plan view showing another example of the conductor.
  • FIG. 6C is a plan view showing still another example of the conductor.
  • FIG. 6D is a plan view showing still another example of the conductor.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated plate.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated plate.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated plate.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated plate.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated plate.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a laminated plate.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the principle of light beam generation.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the principle of light beam generation.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the principle of light beam generation.
  • the terms “board”, “sheet”, and “film” are not distinguished from each other based only on the difference in names.
  • “sheet with conductor” is a concept including members that can be called a plate or a film.
  • the “sheet with conductor” cannot be distinguished from the members called “plate with conductor”, “board with conductor”, and “film with conductor” only by the difference in name.
  • the "seat surface” refers to a surface that coincides with the plane direction of the target sheet-shaped member when the target sheet-shaped member is viewed as a whole and from a broad perspective. The same applies when “sheet” is replaced with “board” or "film”.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an automobile provided with a laminated plate.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a photographing system including a photographing device arranged inside an automobile and a mating plate.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the laminated plate as viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface.
  • 4A and 4B are views showing an example and another example of the cross section of the laminated plate along the IV-IV line of FIG.
  • the automobile 1 as an example of a moving body has a window glass such as a front window, a rear window, and a side window.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example in which the front window 5 is composed of a mating plate 10.
  • the laminated plate 10 is fixed to the vehicle body or the like of the automobile 1 with an adhesive.
  • the laminated plate 10 is used as a heat generating plate.
  • the automobile 1 has a power source 7 such as a battery, and a wiring 8 connecting the power source 7 and the mating plate 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows a photographing system 3 having a front window 5 and a photographing device 4.
  • the front window 5 is composed of a mating plate 10.
  • the photographing device 4 is arranged facing the front window 5.
  • the photographing device 4 is arranged inside the automobile 1.
  • the photographing device 4 photographs the outside of the automobile 1 via the mating plate 10. More specifically, the photographing device 4 can photograph the outside of the automobile 1 through the opening 19a of the colored layer 19 of the laminated plate 10 described later.
  • the photographing device 4 may be one that captures a moving image, one that captures an image, or one that captures both a moving image and an image. In the present specification, "shooting" includes not only shooting a moving image but also capturing an image.
  • the moving image and the captured image taken by the photographing device 4 are used, for example, for assisting the driving of the automobile 1 and for automatic driving.
  • the photographing apparatus 4 is arranged so as to photograph an area centered on the reference point P on the laminated plate 10.
  • the photographing device 4 photographs an image projected on the first surface S, which is a surface perpendicular to the optical axis A.
  • the optical axis A of the photographing apparatus 4 passes through the reference point P.
  • the photographing device 4 photographs the laminated plate 10 projected on the first surface S.
  • the first surface S is a surface perpendicular to the direction in which the laminated plate 10 is observed.
  • FIG. 3 shows the laminated plate 10 viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface.
  • a part of the mating plate 10 shown in FIG. 3 faces the photographing apparatus 4.
  • the fact that the photographing device 4 faces the mating plate 10 means that the photographing device 4 can photograph the outside through the mating plate 10.
  • An example and another example of a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV, which is a cross-sectional view of the mating plate 10 in the area facing the imaging device 4, are shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • the laminated plate 10 includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12, a sheet 20 with a conductor, a first bonding layer 13, a second bonding layer 14, and a colored layer 19. ,have.
  • the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are arranged apart from each other.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12.
  • the first bonding layer 13 bonds the first substrate 11 and the sheet 20 with a conductor.
  • the second bonding layer 14 bonds the second substrate 12 and the sheet 20 with a conductor.
  • the colored layer 19 is provided on the side opposite to the side on which the conductor-attached sheet 20 of the second substrate 12 is arranged.
  • the laminated plate 10 has a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12, a sheet 20 with a conductor, a first bonding layer 13, and a colored layer 19. There is.
  • the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are arranged apart from each other.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12.
  • the first bonding layer 13 bonds the first substrate 11 and the sheet 20 with a conductor.
  • the colored layer 19 is provided on the side opposite to the side on which the conductor-attached sheet 20 of the second substrate 12 is arranged.
  • the second bonding layer 14 is omitted from the laminated plate shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the colored layer 19 may be provided on the side of the second substrate 12 on which the conductor-attached sheet 20 is arranged.
  • the colored layer 19 may be provided on either side of the first substrate 11.
  • the mating plate 10 is curved.
  • the laminated plate 10, the first substrate 11, and the second substrate 12 are shown in a flat plate shape for ease of understanding.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor has a base material 21, a pair of bus bars 25, and a conductor 30.
  • the pair of bus bars 25 and the conductor 30 are arranged on the base material 21.
  • the conductor 30 is arranged between the pair of bus bars 25.
  • the power supply 7 such as a battery applies a voltage to the conductor 30 between the pair of bus bars 25 via the wiring 8.
  • the conductor 30 By applying a voltage to the conductor 30, the conductor 30 generates heat.
  • the heat generated by the conductor 30 is transferred to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. It can remove fogging due to dew condensation on the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 and cause melting of snow and ice. As a result, a good view of the occupant in the moving body and the photographing device 4 is secured.
  • a switch is usually inserted in the middle of the wiring 8. The switch is connected in series with the wiring 8. By closing the switch, a voltage is applied to the conductor 30. Due to the presence of the switch, the conductor 30 can be heated only when necessary.
  • the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 When the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are used for the front window of an automobile as in the example shown in FIG. 1, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 have high visible light transmittance so as not to obstruct the view of the occupant and the photographing by the photographing device 4. Is preferable.
  • the material of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 may be, for example, soda lime glass or blue plate glass.
  • the visible light transmittance of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is preferably 90% or more.
  • the visible light transmittance of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is within the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JIS K 0115 compliant product). It is specified as the average value of the transmittance at each wavelength when measured.
  • the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 preferably have a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less.
  • the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 having such a thickness are excellent in strength and optical characteristics.
  • the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 may be made of the same material and may be the same, or may be different from each other in at least one of the materials and the composition.
  • the first bonding layer 13 is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the sheet 20 with a conductor, and the first substrate 11 and the sheet 20 with a conductor are bonded to each other.
  • the second bonding layer 14 is arranged between the second substrate 12 and the sheet 20 with a conductor, and the second substrate 12 and the sheet 20 with a conductor are bonded to each other. In the example shown in FIG. 4B, the second bonding layer 14 is omitted.
  • the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 are made of materials having various adhesiveness or adhesiveness.
  • the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 preferably have high visible light transmittance.
  • the material of the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 may be, for example, polyvinyl butyral or the like.
  • the thickness of both the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
  • the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14 may be made of the same material and may be the same, or may be different from each other in at least one of the materials and the composition.
  • the colored layer 19 is provided to protect the adhesive for fixing the laminated plate 10 to the vehicle body or the like of the automobile 1 from ultraviolet rays or the like. Since such an adhesive is provided on the peripheral edge of the laminated plate 10, the colored layer 19 is provided along the peripheral edge of the laminated plate 10. The colored layer 19 is also provided for sunshielding, suppression of ambient light of the photographing apparatus, and the like.
  • the colored layer 19 has a low visible light transmittance.
  • the colored layer 19 is formed by, for example, a dot pattern.
  • the visible light transmittance of the colored layer 19 can be changed according to the purpose by adjusting the density of the dots.
  • the colored layer 19 can impart designability to the laminated plate 10.
  • the colored layer 19 may have a uniform single color as a whole, but the visible light transmittance may increase as it approaches the center of the laminated plate 10 in order to impart designability.
  • a colored layer 19 is preferably black, but may be another color.
  • the colored layer 19 may be made of, for example, black ceramic.
  • the colored layer 19 is provided with an opening 19a in the visual field range of the photographing apparatus 4 in a part of the peripheral portion of the laminated plate 10.
  • the colored layer 19 is not provided in the opening 19a, and the colored layer 19 is provided in the portion surrounding the opening 19a.
  • the opening 19a may be a notch of the colored layer 19. In other words, the opening 19a is a non-forming portion of the colored layer 19.
  • the opening 19a may be a hole or a notch provided in the colored layer 19, or may be formed by, for example, filling the hole with a transparent resin.
  • the mating plate 10 faces the photographing apparatus 4.
  • the photographing device 4 can photograph the outside of the automobile 1 through the opening 19a.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor is provided at a position where the opening 19a of the colored layer 19 is provided.
  • the shape of the opening 19a may be, for example, a trapezoid, a rectangle, a circle, or the like.
  • the size of the opening 19a may be, for example, 10 cm 2 or more and 200 cm 2 or less.
  • the field of view of the photographing apparatus 4 may be any non-formed portion of the colored layer 19, and may be outside the colored layer 19 of the laminated plate 10, for example.
  • the laminated plate 10 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may have other functional layers expected to exhibit a specific function.
  • One functional layer may exert two or more functions.
  • At least one of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, the first bonding layer 13 and the second bonding layer 14, and the substrate 21 of the sheet 20 with a conductor described later is imparted with some function. May be good.
  • the functions imparted to the laminated plate 10 include, for example, an antireflection function, a scratch-resistant hard coat function, an infrared shielding function, an infrared reflection function, an ultraviolet shielding function, an ultraviolet reflection function, an antifouling function, a joining function, and the like. There may be.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor has a base material 21, a pair of bus bars 25, and a conductor 30.
  • the pair of bus bars 25 and the conductor 30 are provided on the base material 21.
  • the conductor 30 is provided so as to connect a pair of bus bars 25.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor is arranged only around the opening 19a in the laminated plate 10.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor may be arranged only at a position facing the occupant of the automobile 1 on the laminated plate 10.
  • the sheet 20 with a conductor may have substantially the same planar dimensions as the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and may be arranged over the entire laminated plate 10.
  • the base material 21 functions as a base material that supports the bus bar 25 and the conductor 30.
  • One surface of the base material 21 is an arrangement surface M described later.
  • the base material 21 is an electrically insulating film that transmits light having a wavelength in the visible light wavelength band of 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • the material of the base material 21 may be any material that can transmit visible light and appropriately support the bus bar 25 and the conductor 30.
  • the material of the base material 21 may be, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin or the like.
  • the material of the base material 21 may be a transparent material having adhesiveness such as polyvinyl butyral.
  • the base material 21 can bond at least one of the substrates 11 and 12 to the sheet 20 with a conductor.
  • the base material 21 has adhesiveness, at least one of the bonding layers 13 and 14 may be omitted from the laminated plate 10.
  • the base material 21 has adhesiveness, and the second bonding layer 14 is omitted.
  • the thickness of the base material 21 is preferably 0.03 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less in consideration of transparency and appropriate supportability of the bus bar 25 and the conductor 30.
  • Transparent means that one side of the base material can be seen through the other side through the base material, and for example, 30% or more, preferably 70% or more of visible light transmission. It means that it is a rate.
  • the visible light transmittance is the transmittance at each wavelength when measured using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JIS K 0115 compliant product) within the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. Specified as the average value of.
  • the pair of bus bars 25 are arranged apart from each other.
  • the bus bar 25 is connected to the wiring 8 and the conductor 30.
  • the pair of bus bars 25 have lower resistance than the conductor 30.
  • the pair of bus bars 25 are less likely to generate heat.
  • the line width of the pair of bus bars 25 is thicker than that of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30, which will be described later, in order to reduce the resistance.
  • the pair of bus bars 25 are preferably arranged at positions overlapping the colored layer 19 so as to be difficult to observe.
  • the conductor 30 is arranged in a predetermined pattern. At least a part of the conductor 30 is arranged so as to overlap the opening 19a.
  • the conductor 30 is arranged on the arrangement surface M.
  • the arrangement surface M is the surface of the base material 21.
  • the arrangement surface M may be the surface of the substrate 11.
  • the arrangement surface M may be a virtual surface.
  • the arrangement surface M may be an envelope surface of the conductor 30.
  • the conductor 30 has a conductive portion 40.
  • the conductive portion 40 extends linearly.
  • the conductive portion 40 is connected to a pair of bus bars 25 at both ends thereof.
  • the conductive portion 40 is arranged so as to form a pattern of the conductor 30. Examples of the patterns formed by the conductor 30 are shown in FIGS. 5A to 5E.
  • a part of the conductive portion 40 extends in the radial direction from the reference point P on the arrangement surface M at a position overlapping the opening 19a.
  • the angles between the two conductive portions 40 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction about the reference point P are equal.
  • the conductive portion 40 is connected to the pair of bus bars 25 at a position overlapping the colored layer 19.
  • a part of the conductive portion 40 is bent or curved with respect to the radial direction extending from the reference point P at a position overlapping the colored layer 19 in order to connect to the pair of bus bars 25.
  • the conductive portion 40 extends in the radial direction from the reference point P on the arrangement surface M at a position overlapping the opening 19a.
  • the laminated plate 10 on which the conductor 30 is arranged is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the first surface S, which is a surface perpendicular to the optical axis A of the photographing apparatus 4, and the view of the occupant. Is assumed. It is assumed that the laminated plate 10 is observed from a direction inclined from the normal direction of the arrangement surface M. In other words, the arrangement surface M and the first surface S are non-parallel.
  • the angle between the two conductive portions 40 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction about the reference point P is non-uniform. In the projection onto the first surface S, the angles between the two conductive portions 40 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction about the reference point P are equal as shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the conductive portion 40 is connected to one of the pair of bus bars 25 at a position overlapping the colored layer 19. Some conductive portions 40 are bent or curved with respect to the radial direction extending from the reference point P at a position overlapping the colored layer 19 in order to connect to the pair of bus bars 25.
  • one conductive portion 40 connects a pair of bus bars 25.
  • the conductive portion 40 extends from one of the bus bars 25 to a position overlapping the opening 19a.
  • the conductive portion 40 extends in the radial direction centered on the reference point P on the arrangement surface M.
  • the conductive portion 40 is bent or curved in the vicinity of the reference point P, folded back, and then extends in the radial direction centered on the reference point P to a position overlapping the colored layer 19.
  • the conductive portion 40 is bent or curved and folded back, and extends to a position overlapping the opening 19a again.
  • the conductive portion 40 extends while reciprocating between a position overlapping the colored layer 19 and a position overlapping the opening 19a, and is connected to the other bus bar 25.
  • a plurality of conductive portions 40 extend in the radial direction centered on the reference point P from one bus bar 25 to the vicinity of the reference point P on the arrangement surface M at a position overlapping the opening 19a. ing. In the vicinity of the reference point P, one of the conductive portions 40 passes through the reference point, while the other conductive portions 40 are bent or curved and folded back in the vicinity of the reference point P. After that, the conductive portion 40 extends to the other bus bar 25 in the radial direction centered on the reference point P.
  • the plurality of conductive portions 40 include a first portion 41 and a second portion 42.
  • the first portion 41 is arranged in the radial direction centered on the reference point P on the arrangement surface M at a position overlapping the opening 19a.
  • the second portion 42 connects the two first portions 41 at a position overlapping the colored layer 19, or connects the first portion 41 and the bus bar 25.
  • the first portion 41 is closest to the reference point P in the intermediate portion 41m, and extends from the intermediate portion 41m toward the end portion 41e so as to be away from the reference point P.
  • the first portion 41 is connected to the second portion 42 at the end portion 41e.
  • the two portions extending from the intermediate portion 41m toward the end portion 41e are connected at one point in the intermediate portion 41m. In other words, the middle portion 41m is one point.
  • the first portion 41 has a V-shaped polygonal line shape.
  • a part of the conductive portion 40 is a straight line along the extending direction, but may be a curved line such as a wavy line along the extending direction.
  • the conductor 30 and the conductive portion 40 will be further described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D.
  • FIG. 6A shows the conductive portion 40 shown in FIG. 5C as an example.
  • the arrangement surface M is divided into a first area R1, a second area R2, and a third area R3 in the projection onto the first surface S.
  • the first area R1 is adjacent to the second area R2 and the third area R3.
  • the second area R2 includes the reference point P.
  • the first area R1 is an area surrounding the second area R2.
  • the first area R1 is an annular area surrounded by two non-intersecting lines surrounding the reference point P.
  • the first area R1 is in contact with the outer edge of the second area R2.
  • the third area R3 is an area surrounding the first area R1.
  • the third area R3 is in contact with the outer edge of the first area R1.
  • the second area R2 is a circular area centered on the reference point P
  • the first area R1 is two concentric circles having different radii centered on the reference point P. It is an area surrounded by.
  • the placement surface M is a first area R1, a second area R2 and a projection of the conductor 30 onto a surface perpendicular to the observed direction, depending on the distance from the reference point P on the placement surface M. It is divided into a third area R3.
  • the width of the first area R1 in other words, the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point P overlaps the first area R1 is up to the position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 farthest from the reference point P.
  • the length is 20% or more, preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 80% or more.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point P overlaps the first area R1 may be 2 cm or more, preferably 3.5 cm or more, and more preferably 5 cm or more.
  • the straight line extending from the reference point P is a half-line having the reference point P as an end point.
  • the first area R1 is 0.04 ⁇ d from the reference point P by using the distance d between the photographing apparatus 4 and the reference point P on the arrangement surface M and the line width w [ ⁇ m] of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30. It is preferable that the area is d ⁇ tan (103.18 / w [°]) or less.
  • the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point P overlaps the first area R1 may be a value obtained by arbitrarily combining the above-mentioned values.
  • the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes a portion extending in the radial direction about the reference point P.
  • the portion extending in the radial direction about the reference point P is arranged at least in the first area R1.
  • the normal 40n at each position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 projected onto the first surface S of the conductor 30 deviates from the reference point P. In other words, the normal 40n at each position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 projected onto the first surface S does not pass through the reference point P.
  • the smaller angle of the angle at which any straight line passing through the reference point P on the arrangement surface M intersects with the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is less than 90 °. ..
  • the portion of the conductor 30 in which the conductive portion 40 is arranged is, for example, a portion surrounded by the conductive portion 40 forming the contour of the conductor 30 and the bus bar 25.
  • the area of the portion of the conductor 30 where the conductive portion 40 is arranged is 90% of the area of the opening 19a.
  • it is preferably 100% or more, more preferably 110% or more. It is preferable that the positions of the conductive portions 40 of the conductor 30 such that the normal line 40n passes through the reference point P are arranged so as not to line up in the radial direction.
  • FIG. 6A shows the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5C as an example, but similarly, the conductor 30 shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5D also has the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30. Includes a portion extending in the radial direction about the reference point P.
  • the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5D in the projection of the conductor 30 onto the first surface S, the portion extending in the radial direction centering on the reference point P is , At least in the first area R1.
  • the normal lines 40n at each position of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 projected onto the plane perpendicular to the observed direction of the conductor 30 are formed. It is out of the reference point P.
  • the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes a portion other than a portion extending in the radial direction about the reference point P, for example, a bent or curved and folded portion. ..
  • the normal 40n on the arrangement surface M of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 at that position may pass through the reference point P on the arrangement surface M. It is preferable that at least a part of such a portion is arranged in the second area R2, which is an area in the vicinity of the reference point P including the reference point P.
  • FIG. 6A shows the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5C as an example, but with respect to the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5D, the conductor 30 is similarly bent or bent in the vicinity of the reference point P. Includes curved and folded parts.
  • the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5D at least a part of the position on the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 whose normal line 40n passes through the reference point P is arranged in the second area R2. It is preferable to have.
  • the third area R3 is preferably an area overlapping the colored layer 19. It is preferable that at least a part of the position on the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 through which the normal line 40n passes through the reference point P overlaps with the colored layer 19.
  • FIG. 6A shows the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5C as an example, but in the same manner as for the conductor 30 shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is It includes a portion that is bent or curved and folded back at a position away from the reference point P.
  • the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B at least a part of the position on the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 whose normal line 40n passes through the reference point P is located in the third zone R3. It is preferable that they are arranged.
  • FIG. 6B shows an enlarged example of a part of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 in the first area R1 shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the conductive portion 40 is a wavy line.
  • the conductive portions 40 extend while being bent so as to form convex portions on the opposite sides alternately.
  • the conductivity is increased.
  • the smaller angle ⁇ 1 between the direction in which the portion 40 extends and the second line segment lb connecting the center of the first line segment la and the reference point P is less than (90 ⁇ x) °.
  • the smaller angle ⁇ 1 formed by the second line segment lb connecting the center of the first line segment la and the reference point P is less than 65 °, preferably less than 30 °, more preferably less than 15 °. It has become.
  • FIG. 6C shows an enlarged example of a part of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 in the first area R1 shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 may be a wavy line extending in the radial direction centered on the reference point P, or may be a straight line.
  • the tangent line 40t of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 at that position is smaller than the angle formed by the third line segment lc connecting the reference point P and the position.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is less than 90 °, preferably 60 ° or less, more preferably 30 ° or less, and most preferably 0 °.
  • FIG. 6D shows the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 5E.
  • the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 includes a first portion 41 arranged in the radial direction about the reference point P.
  • the arrangement surface M on which the conductor 30 shown in FIG. 6D is arranged is divided into n areas by n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from the reference point P.
  • the angle formed by two adjacent line segments among the line segments l1 to ln is less than 180 °.
  • the first portion 41 of the conductive portion 40 is arranged in each of n areas.
  • the first portion 41 arranged in each area does not extend to other areas. In other words, the first portion 41 does not intersect the boundary between the area where the first portion 41 is located and the adjacent area.
  • the first portion 41 includes a portion extending in a direction along the boundary between the area where the first portion 41 is arranged and the adjacent area.
  • the boundary between the area where the first portion 41 is arranged and the adjacent area is n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from the reference point P that divides the arrangement surface M into n areas.
  • the two portions extending from the middle portion 41m of the first portion 41 toward the end portion 41e are at the boundary between the area where the first portion 41 is arranged and the adjacent different areas. It extends along the direction.
  • the two portions extending from the middle portion 41m of the first portion 41 toward the end portion 41e extend radially from the reference point P into two line segments that determine the area where the first portion 41 is arranged. It extends in the direction along it.
  • the first portion 41 arranged in each area is preferably symmetric n times with respect to the reference point P. In other words, when the first portion 41 is rotated 360 ° / n about the reference point P, it is preferable that the first portion 41 overlaps with the first portion 41 before the rotation.
  • the first portion 41 is preferably symmetrical only with respect to the reference point P.
  • the intermediate portion 41 m is a two adjacent line segments among the line segments l1 to ln. It is preferable that the angle is off the bisector of the angle.
  • n is 4.
  • the arrangement surface M is divided into four areas by four line segments extending radially from the reference point P.
  • the first portion 41 is arranged so as to be symmetric four times with respect to the reference point P.
  • n may be any natural number of 3 or more.
  • the pattern of the conductor 30 shown in FIGS. 5A to 5E is merely an example.
  • the conductor 30 can be arranged in any pattern as long as it is a pattern including the features described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D.
  • the conductor 30 may be arranged in a pattern combining the examples shown in FIGS. 5A to 5E.
  • a portion having a high density or a portion having a low density may occur in the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30.
  • the function of the conductor 30 can be uniformly exhibited in the entire conductor 30.
  • the calorific value can be made uniform in the entire conductor 30.
  • the portion of the conductor 30 arranged at a position overlapping the colored layer 19, for example, the third region R3 shown in FIG. 6A, the second portion 42 shown in FIG. 5E, and the like have a line width when it is not necessary to generate heat. It is preferable that it is large.
  • the photographing device 4 photographs an area centered on the reference point P.
  • the optical axis A of the photographing apparatus 4 passes through the reference point P.
  • the reference point P is a point on the arrangement surface M.
  • the reference point P is an intersection of the optical axis A of the photographing apparatus 4 and the arrangement surface M.
  • the conductor 30 can be formed using an opaque metal material.
  • the non-coverage ratio is 70% or more at least at a position overlapping the opening 19a.
  • the non-covering ratio is the ratio of the area on the base material 21 not covered by the conductor 30.
  • the uncovered ratio is also called the aperture ratio.
  • the line width of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 is 2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less at least at a position overlapping the opening 19a.
  • the portion where the conductor 30 is provided is recognized as transparent as a whole at least at a position overlapping the opening 19a, so that the conductor 30 does not impair the transparency of the laminated plate 10 through the opening 19a. There is.
  • the conductive portion 40 has a rectangular cross section as a whole.
  • the average W of the line width of the conductive portion 40 that is, the average W of the width along the plate surface of the laminated plate 10 is 2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and the average H of the heights, that is, the normal line to the plate surface of the laminated plate 10.
  • the average H of the heights along the direction is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less. According to the conductive portion 40 having such dimensions, since the conductive portion 40 is sufficiently thinned, the conductive portion 40 can be effectively invisible.
  • the conductor 30 is formed on the base material 21 so as to have a high non-covering ratio from the viewpoint of ensuring the transparency of the laminated plate 10 or the visibility through the laminated plate 10.
  • the first bonding layer 13 and the base material 21 of the sheet 20 with a conductor are in contact with each other at a portion between the adjacent conductive portions 40.
  • the conductive portion 40 is embedded in the first bonding layer 13.
  • the conductive portion 40 includes a first dark color layer 48 covering the surface of the conductive layer 47 and the conductive layer 47 on the side facing the first substrate 11, and a conductive layer. Of the surfaces of 47, a second dark color layer 49 that covers the side surface facing the second substrate 12 and both side surfaces may be included.
  • the conductive portion 40 preferably includes at least the first dark color layer 48.
  • the conductive layer 47 made of a metal material having excellent conductivity exhibits a relatively high reflectance. When light is reflected by the conductive layer 47 forming the conductive portion 40, the reflected light is observed, which may obstruct the view of the occupant or the photographing apparatus.
  • the first dark color layer 48 and the second dark color layer 49 cover at least a part of the surface of the conductive layer 47.
  • the first dark color layer 48 and the second dark color layer 49 have lower visible light reflectance than the conductive layer 47.
  • the first dark color layer 48 and the second dark color layer 49 are dark color layers such as black, for example.
  • the first dark color layer 48 and the second dark color layer 49 make it difficult to observe the conductive layer 47, and it is possible to secure a good field of view for the occupant and the photographing apparatus. It is possible to suppress deterioration of the design of the laminated plate 10 when viewed from the outside.
  • the bus bar 25 may have a conductive layer made of a metal material and a dark color layer formed on the surface of the conductive layer.
  • the dark color layer makes it difficult to observe the conductive layer exhibiting a relatively high reflectance, and it is possible to secure a good field of view for the occupant and the photographing device. It is possible to suppress deterioration of the design of the laminated plate 10 when viewed from the outside.
  • the material constituting the conductor 30 and the bus bar 25 is, for example, a metal such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, or tungsten, or one or more of these metals. It may be an alloy comprising.
  • the laminated plate 10 may be manufactured by the following method described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 12.
  • a dark color film 48a that is a source of the first dark color layer 48 is provided on the base material 21, and a metal that is a source of the conductive layer 47 is provided on the dark color film 48a.
  • a film 47a is provided.
  • the metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a can be formed by a known method.
  • the metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a are, for example, a method of attaching a metal foil such as a copper foil, a plating method including electroplating and no electroplating, a sputtering method, a CVD method, a PVD method, an ion plating method, or these. It may be formed by a method in which two or more of the above are combined.
  • the resist pattern 50 is provided on the metal film 47a.
  • the resist pattern 50 has a shape corresponding to the conductor 30.
  • the resist pattern 50 may be formed by patterning using a photolithography technique or the like.
  • the metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a are etched using the resist pattern 50 as a mask.
  • the metal film 47a and the dark color film 48a are patterned in substantially the same pattern as the resist pattern 50.
  • the patterned metal film 47a forms a conductive layer 47 which is a base of a part of the conductive portion 40.
  • the first dark color layer 48 which is the basis of a part of the conductive portion 40, is formed.
  • the etching method is not particularly limited and may be a known method.
  • the etching method may be, for example, wet etching using an etching solution or the like, dry etching using plasma or the like, or the like.
  • the resist pattern 50 is removed, as shown in FIG.
  • the second dark color layer 49 is formed on the surface and the side surface of the conductive layer 47 opposite to the surface on which the first dark color layer 48 is provided.
  • the second dark color layer 49 is formed, for example, by subjecting a part of the material forming the conductive layer 47 to a darkening treatment.
  • the darkening process is also called a blackening process.
  • the second dark color layer 49 is a part of the conductive layer 47.
  • the second dark color layer 49 may be made of a metal oxide or a metal sulfide.
  • the second dark color layer 49 may be formed by providing a new layer on the surface of the conductive layer 47.
  • the second dark color layer 49 may be formed by roughening the surface of the conductive layer 47.
  • the conductor 30 is formed on the base material 21, and the sheet 20 with the conductor is produced.
  • the pair of bus bars 25 may be integrally formed with the conductive layer 47 of the conductive portion 40 by patterning the metal film 47a, or may be a conductor separate from the conductive portion 40 provided on the base material 21. ..
  • the first bonding layer 13 and the first substrate 11 are overlapped from the side of the conductor 30, and the sheet 20 with the conductor and the first substrate 11 are bonded.
  • the second bonding layer 14 and the second substrate 12 are overlapped from the side of the base material 21, and the sheet 20 with the conductor and the second substrate 12 are bonded.
  • the colored layer 19 is provided on the side opposite to the side where the second bonding layer 14 of the second substrate 12 is provided.
  • the colored layer 19 may be provided on the second substrate 12 by, for example, laminating a sheet on which black ceramic is printed.
  • the laminated plate 10 shown in FIG. 4A is produced by the method described above.
  • the light beam When observing light through a laminated plate having a conductor, light rays may be observed.
  • the light beam can adversely affect the field of view of the occupant or the photographing device in the moving body.
  • the light beam is generated in the direction in which the light incident on the laminated plate is diffracted by the conductor.
  • the principle of light beam generation and the method of suppressing the observation of light beam will be described.
  • Diffraction images other than the 0th order observed when light is incident on a certain object are the 0th order observed when light is incident on an object in which the transmission part and the light shielding part of the object are inverted, that is, a complementary object. It matches the diffraction image other than. This is known as the Babine principle. For example, in the diffraction image other than the 0th order observed when light is incident on one wire-shaped object 60 shown in FIG. 13, the light is incident on the object 61 having one slit shown in FIG.
  • the shape of the object 61 shown in FIG. 14 is complementary to the shape of the object 60 shown in FIG.
  • the diffraction image of the object 61 in FIG. 14 will be examined below.
  • the "diffraction image” shall represent a diffraction image other than the 0th order unless otherwise specified.
  • the light transmitted through the object causes almost no interference, so that it can be expressed by simply adding the above diffraction images.
  • interference occurs in the light transmitted through the object, but by reading the "diffraction image” as the "envelope of the diffraction image", the same discussion can be made without including the interference component.
  • the intensity distribution of the diffraction image is obtained.
  • the intensity distribution of the diffraction image can be obtained from the amplitude distribution of the diffraction image.
  • the amplitude distribution of the diffraction image can be obtained by Fourier transforming the spatial amplitude distribution of the shape of the slit. Assuming that the wavelength of the diffracted light is ⁇ , the spatial amplitude distribution of the shape of the slit having the width w is Fourier transformed to extend in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the slit-shaped object as shown in FIG.
  • a cardinal sine-type distribution 70 having an envelope that decreases in inverse proportion to the diffraction angle ⁇ and whose diffraction angle ⁇ becomes 0 every ( ⁇ / w) ⁇ (180 / ⁇ ) [°] can be obtained.
  • the amplitude is large in the light-colored portion and small in the dark-colored portion.
  • the amplitude distribution of the diffraction image in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the slit-shaped object is shown up to two cycles for simplification. The second cycle is drawn with the amplitude emphasized.
  • the intensity distribution of the diffraction image is the square of the amplitude distribution, the intensity of the diffraction image extends in the direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the slit-shaped object, and as the diffraction angle ⁇ increases, according to 1 / ⁇ 2 . become weak. Diffraction images with sufficiently weakened intensities are rarely observed.
  • the light beam was generated by the above principle. Based on this idea, the light beam extends along the normal in the direction in which the conductive portion extends at each position of the conductor until the intensity is sufficiently weakened.
  • the inventors of the present invention pay attention to the direction in which the light beam extends, make the light beam inconspicuous when observing the light through the laminated plate on which the conductor is arranged, and further prevent the light beam from entering the field of view. We have found a pattern of conductor placement that can be done.
  • the conductor 30 is formed by continuously connecting minute thin wires
  • the light beam generated at each position of the conductor 30 extends from the position in the normal direction of the conductor 30.
  • the light beam does not enter the area observed by the observer or the photographing device
  • the light beam is not observed by the observer or the photographing device.
  • many of the normals at each position of the conductor 30 are out of the vicinity of the center of the area observed by the observer or the photographing device, it is possible to suppress the light beam from being observed by the observer or the photographing device.
  • the normal at each position on the conductor 30 projected onto the first surface S deviates from the reference point P.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point P overlaps the first area R1 is 20% or more of the length to the position of the conductor 30 farthest from the reference point P. ..
  • the conductor 30 that causes the light beam to enter the area observed by the observer or the photographing device is from the vicinity of the center of the area observed by the observer or the photographing device or from the area observed by the observer or the photographing device. It is preferable that they are arranged sufficiently apart.
  • the normal at each position on the conductor 30 projected onto the observed surface of the conductor 30 may pass through the reference point P.
  • the third area R3 is an area overlapping the colored layer 19, the diffracted light in a part of the conductor 30 arranged in the third area R3 is absorbed by the colored layer 19, so that it is difficult to observe.
  • a part of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30 arranged in the third area R3 has a large line width.
  • the diffraction angle of the diffracted light generated by the conductive portion 40 decreases as the line width increases.
  • the diffracted light of the conductive portion 40 having a large line width becomes difficult to be observed, especially when it is far from the position.
  • L / D is the ratio of the size L of the light source to the distance D from the photographing device 4 to the light source.
  • the L / D is preferably 0.04 or more, for example, in the case of a headlight of an automobile traveling in an oncoming lane.
  • the light beam generated at each position of the conductor 30 in the second area R2 is difficult to observe. Even if diffracted light that becomes a light beam is incident on the area observed by the observer or the photographing apparatus, if the diffraction angle of the diffracted light is large, the intensity is sufficiently low and it is difficult to observe.
  • the intensity of the diffracted light is sufficiently weakened.
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of light.
  • w is the line width of the conductive portion 40 of the conductor 30. Assuming that the shortest wavelength of visible light is 360 nm, this diffraction angle ⁇ is 103.18 / w [°].
  • the light beam generated at each position of the conductor 30 in the third area R3 is difficult to observe.
  • the adverse effect of the light beam can be suppressed by suppressing the generation of the light beam in the first area R1 as in the present embodiment.
  • the light beam by the conductive portion 40 is x ° or less with respect to the normal direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends as a whole, and 25 ° or less in a specific example. It tends to occur in the range of. This is because the normal direction at each position of the curve increases in a direction inclined to some extent with respect to the normal direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends as a whole.
  • the angle formed by the line connecting the reference point P and each position of the conductive portion 40 with respect to the extending direction of the conductive portion 40 at that position is less than (90-x) °, and in a specific example, less than 65 °.
  • the extending direction of the conductive portion 40 at a certain position can be approximated as a direction connecting the vertices t1 and t2 of two convex portions adjacent to the position. Such a position on the conductor 30 is located in the first area R1.
  • the first line segment la connecting the vertices t1 and t2 of two adjacent convex portions in the conductive portion 40 in which the conductive portion 30 is projected onto the first surface S, and the direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends are
  • the smaller angle of the angles formed is x ° or less
  • the angle of is less than (90-x) °, the adverse effect of the light beam can be suppressed.
  • the angle between the direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends as a whole and the normal direction at each position of the conductive portion 40 is preferably less than 90 °, more preferably less than 45 °. ..
  • Such a conductive portion 40 has, for example, a sinusoidal curve.
  • the conductor 30 in the first area R1 is in a direction close to the radiation direction centered on the reference point P at each position. If it is extended, it is difficult to observe the light beam. Specifically, at each position of the conductor 30 projected onto the first surface S of the conductor 30 in the first area R1, the tangent line 40t of the conductor 30 at that position is the reference point P on the arrangement surface M. When the smaller angle of the angle formed by the third line segment l3 connecting the position is less than 90 °, the adverse effect of the light beam can be suppressed.
  • the arrangement surface M is divided into n areas by n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from the reference point P on the arrangement surface M.
  • the conductive portion 40 includes a first portion 41 arranged in the radial direction centered on the reference point P in each area, and the first portion 41 approaches the reference point P at the intermediate portion 41 m and is an intermediate portion. It extends from 41 m toward the end 41e so as to be away from the reference point P.
  • Such a first portion 41 extends in a direction in which the difference in angle from the radial direction centered on the reference point P is small.
  • the first portion 41 includes a portion extending in a direction along the boundary between the area where the first portion 41 is arranged and the adjacent area.
  • the boundary of the area is n line segments l1 to ln extending radially from the reference point P, and the arrangement surface M is divided into n areas.
  • Such a first portion 41 extends in the radial direction about the reference point P. More of the normals at each position of the first portion 41 deviate from near the center of the area observed by the observer or the imaging device. Since the light beam caused by such a first portion 41 is less likely to be incident on the area observed by the observer or the photographing apparatus, the adverse effect of the light beam is further suppressed.
  • the two portions extending from the intermediate portion 41m toward the end portion 41e are connected at one point in the intermediate portion 41m.
  • the intermediate portion 41m is a connection point. Almost no light beam is generated by the middle portion 41 m. Even if the normal in the middle portion 41 m passes near the center of the area observed by the observer or the photographing apparatus, the adverse effect of the light beam is suppressed.
  • the first part 41 is arranged so as to be symmetric n times with respect to the reference point P. Since such a pattern can be formed by arranging the same pattern n times, it can be easily formed.
  • the conductor 30 capable of suppressing the observation of light beams can be easily manufactured.
  • N is preferably 4.
  • the density of the conductive portion 40 tends to be uniform. It is possible to prevent the conductive portion 40 from being conspicuously observed in the field of view through the conductor 30.
  • the function of the conductor 30 can be uniformly exhibited in the entire conductor 30.
  • the calorific value can be made uniform in the entire conductor 30.
  • the area to be photographed by the photographing device 4 is centered on the reference point P.
  • the conductor 30 of the present embodiment it is difficult to observe the light beam near the reference point P. It is difficult for the light beam to be reflected in the moving image or image taken by the photographing device 4, and a good moving image or image can be taken.
  • the conductor 30 of the present embodiment is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface M, and the arrangement surface M includes a second area R2 including a reference point P and a second area R2.
  • the maximum length of the length including the surrounding first area R1 and the straight line extending from the reference point P overlapping the first area R1 is the length to the position on the conductor 30 farthest from the reference point P.
  • the length is 20% or more of the length, and at each position on the conductor 30 in which the conductor 30 is projected onto the first surface S in the first area R1, the normal line at that position deviates from the reference point P. ing.
  • the conductor 30 of the present embodiment is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface M, and includes a conductive portion 40 extending alternately so as to form a convex portion on the opposite side, and the arrangement surface M is a reference.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point P overlaps the first area R1 including the second area R2 including the point P and the first area R1 surrounding the second area R2 is the reference. It is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor 30 farthest from the point P, and is adjacent to each other in each conductive portion 40 in which the conductor 30 is projected onto the first surface S in the first area R1.
  • the conductive portion 40 is a curved line, particularly a wavy line, the light beam due to the conductor 30 having the conductive portion 40 tends to be generated in a direction inclined by about 25 ° with respect to the normal direction in which the conductive portion 40 extends. According to such a conductor 30, it is difficult for the light beam to enter the area observed by the observer or the photographing apparatus. The adverse effects of light beam can be suppressed.
  • the conductor 30 of the present embodiment is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface M, and the arrangement surface M has a second area R2 including a reference point P and a first area R1 surrounding the second area R2.
  • the maximum length of the length in which the straight line extending from the reference point P overlaps the first area R1 is 20% or more of the length to the position on the conductor 30 farthest from the reference point P.
  • the tangent line 40t of the conductor 30 at that position is the reference point P on the arrangement surface M.
  • the smaller angle ⁇ 2 of the angle formed by the line segment lc connecting the position is less than 90 °.
  • the conductor 30 of the present embodiment is a conductor arranged on the arrangement surface M, and n line segments l1 extending radially from the reference point P on the arrangement surface M, where n is a natural number of 3 or more.
  • the conductor 30 includes the first portion 41 arranged in the radial direction about the reference point P in each area, and the first portion 41 is The intermediate portion 41m approaches the reference point P and extends from the intermediate portion 41m toward the end portion 41e so as to be away from the reference point P. According to such a conductor 30, most of the normals at each position of the first portion 41 deviate from the vicinity of the center of the observed area. It is difficult for light rays to enter the area observed by the observer or the photographing device. The adverse effects of light beam can be suppressed.
  • the laminated plate 10 is formed in a curved surface shape, but the present invention is not limited to this example, and the laminated plate 10 may be formed in a flat plate shape.
  • the mating plate 10 may be used for the rear window of the automobile 1 or the like. It may be used for a transparent part of a window or a door of a moving body such as a railroad vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, or a spacecraft other than an automobile.
  • the plywood 10 is used to store indoor and outdoor areas such as buildings, stores, transparent parts of windows or doors of houses, windows or doors of buildings, refrigerators, display boxes, cupboards, and the like. Alternatively, it may be used for a transparent part of a window or a door of a storage facility.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Ce conducteur (30) est agencé sur une surface d'agencement (M). La surface d'agencement (M) comprend une seconde région (R2), qui contient un point de référence (P), et une première région (R1), qui contient la seconde région (R2). Des lignes droites qui partent du point de référence (P), la longueur maximale de chevauchement avec la première région (R1) représente au moins 20 % de la longueur à partir du point de référence (P) jusqu'à la position sur le conducteur (30) la plus éloignée du point de référence (P). Dans la première région (R1), lorsque le conducteur (30) est projeté sur la première surface (M1), la ligne normale à chaque position sur le conducteur (30) est retirée du point de référence sur la surface d'agencement (M).
PCT/JP2021/033029 2020-09-09 2021-09-08 Conducteur, plaque stratifiée et système d'imagerie WO2022054838A1 (fr)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020115467A (ja) * 2020-04-08 2020-07-30 日本板硝子株式会社 ウインドシールド

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020115467A (ja) * 2020-04-08 2020-07-30 日本板硝子株式会社 ウインドシールド

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