WO2022021117A1 - 一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021117A1
WO2022021117A1 PCT/CN2020/105404 CN2020105404W WO2022021117A1 WO 2022021117 A1 WO2022021117 A1 WO 2022021117A1 CN 2020105404 W CN2020105404 W CN 2020105404W WO 2022021117 A1 WO2022021117 A1 WO 2022021117A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sludge
hollow
domestic waste
furnace body
hollow blade
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PCT/CN2020/105404
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭大江
傅欣
林顺洪
杨鲁
杨宇
季炫宇
林伟坚
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重庆科技学院
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/105404 priority Critical patent/WO2022021117A1/zh
Publication of WO2022021117A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021117A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of domestic garbage and sludge treatment, in particular to a system and method for co-processing domestic garbage and sludge.
  • domestic garbage and sludge usually contain a lot of water, and the existing treatment device does not dry the domestic garbage and sludge before incineration, and does not properly treat the residue after incineration.
  • the lack of drying treatment makes it difficult to incinerate domestic waste and sludge, and the lack of better treatment of the residue will generate dust and lead to a worse working environment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for co-processing domestic waste and sludge, which can dry the domestic waste and sludge before incineration, and carry out adsorption treatment to the residue after incineration. , making domestic waste and sludge easier to incinerate, while improving the working environment.
  • a system for co-processing domestic waste and sludge includes a drying device, an incineration device and a residue treatment device, and the drying device includes a hollow blade shaft, a cylinder, a hollow blade, a kiln The head cover, the kiln tail cover, the rotary joint and the first motor, the hollow blade shaft is arranged obliquely, and the hollow blade shaft has a first cavity extending along the axis direction inside and a first cavity located on the periphery of the first cavity.
  • the second cavity, the cylindrical body is sleeved on the outer side of the hollow blade shaft along the extending direction of the hollow blade shaft, and a plurality of the hollow blades are arranged on the hollow blade shaft at intervals, so
  • the hollow blade is communicated with the corresponding second cavity inside the hollow blade shaft through a first pipe, and also communicates with the corresponding first cavity inside the hollow blade shaft through a second pipe
  • the kiln head cover has a feeding port that communicates with the inside of the cylinder body, the kiln head cover is sleeved on the upper end of the cylinder body, and the kiln tail cover has a feed port connected to the cylinder body.
  • the kiln tail cover is sleeved on the lower end of the cylinder body, an igniter is set in the kiln tail cover, the rotary joint is set at one end of the hollow blade shaft, the first A motor is used to drive the hollow blade shaft to rotate;
  • the incineration device includes a furnace body, a fixed grate piece and a movable grate piece, the furnace body is arranged below the kiln tail cover, and one end is connected to the kiln tail
  • the discharge ports on the hood are connected, the fixed grate pieces and the movable grate pieces are alternately arranged in the furnace body in the transverse direction, and the movable grate pieces can reciprocate linearly in the longitudinal direction.
  • the upper end has a chimney, the chimney is communicated with the inside of the kiln tail cover;
  • the residue treatment device includes a screw feeder and a second motor, the screw feeder is inclined, and the lower end of the screw feeder is located in the furnace
  • the lower end of the screw feeder has a water storage tank and the upper end has a slag outlet, and the second motor is used to drive the feeding shaft in the screw feeder to rotate,
  • the feeding shaft is provided with a helical blade along the extending direction.
  • the cylinder body includes a drying section and a gasification section located below the drying section, and a plurality of the hollow paddles are arranged at intervals on the hollow paddle shaft located in the drying section.
  • a scraper is provided on the end of the hollow paddle located in the drying section away from the shaft of the hollow paddle.
  • the inside of the cylinder has a first jacket for accommodating the heat medium
  • the kiln head cover and the kiln tail cover are both rotatably connected to the cylinder, and are also connected to the cylinder.
  • the cylinder body is sealed and connected, the interior of the kiln head cover and the kiln tail cover both form annular cavities, and the kiln head cover and the kiln tail cover respectively have a connection with the corresponding cavity.
  • a heat medium outlet and a heat medium inlet, the two cavities are in communication with the first jacket, and the driving device is used to drive the cylinder to rotate.
  • the driving device includes a fixing frame, a shifting pin, a third motor, a shifting fork blade and a shifting fork
  • the fixing frame is sleeved on the cylinder body, and a plurality of the shifting pins are arranged along the direction of the fixing frame.
  • the circumferential direction is evenly distributed on the fixing frame, and all of them are detachably connected to the fixing frame.
  • a groove is formed between the fixing frame and the two adjacent dial pins, and the third motor is connected to the dial.
  • One end of the fork is fixedly connected, the fork blade is detachably connected to the other end of the fork, and the fork blade can be inserted into and removed from the groove.
  • the upper ends of the fixed grate sheet and the movable grate sheet are provided with crushing blades for breaking up and cutting domestic garbage and sludge.
  • a plurality of water filtering holes are distributed on the spiral blade.
  • spiral blades above the slag outlet and the spiral blades below the slag outlet have opposite directions of rotation.
  • a second jacket is provided on the outer wall of the casing of the screw feeder, one end of the second jacket communicates with the air pump, and the other end communicates with the furnace body.
  • a method for co-processing domestic waste and sludge comprising the following steps:
  • the pressurized heat medium enters the first jacket of the cylinder from the heat medium inlet on the kiln tail cover, and is discharged from the heat medium outlet on the kiln head cover;
  • the domestic garbage and sludge enter the drying section of the cylinder from the feeding port, and are dried under the heating of the first jacket, the hollow blade shaft and the hollow blade located in the drying section;
  • the dried domestic garbage and sludge enter the gasification section, and undergo pyrolysis and gasification under the heating of the first jacket and the hollow blade shaft located in the gasification section;
  • the domestic waste and sludge after pyrolysis and gasification enter the furnace body, and are incinerated after being broken up and cut by the crushing blades on the fixed and movable grate pieces;
  • the hot flue gas generated by the incineration enters the second cavity of the hollow blade shaft from the rotary joint at one end of the hollow blade shaft, diffuses to the hollow blade through the first pipe, and then enters the first cavity through the second pipe to return and discharge. ;
  • the residue entering the water storage tank moves upward under the action of the screw feeder, and is discharged from the slag outlet at the upper end of the screw feeder;
  • the air compressed by the air pump exchanges heat with the residue in the screw feeder in the second jacket, and the heated air enters the furnace body.
  • the present invention provides a system and method for co-processing domestic waste and sludge.
  • the drying section and the gasification section of the cylinder are used to treat domestic waste and sludge respectively.
  • the sludge is subjected to drying treatment and pyrolysis gasification treatment, which makes it easier for domestic waste and sludge to enter the furnace body for incineration.
  • the fixed and movable grate pieces in the furnace work together to make the incineration of domestic waste and sludge more sufficient.
  • the residue after incineration enters the water storage tank to contact with water, which avoids the generation of dust and improves the working environment.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of drying device
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of incinerator
  • Fig. 5 is the front sectional schematic diagram of the drying device
  • Fig. 6 is the enlarged schematic diagram of A part in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow blade shaft
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a shifting fork
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of the treatment method of the domestic waste and sludge co-processing system.
  • connection and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • connection and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • the present invention provides a system for co-processing domestic waste and sludge, including a drying device 10 , an incineration device 20 and a residue processing device 30 .
  • the drying device 10 includes a hollow blade shaft 11 , a cylindrical body 12 , a hollow blade 13 , a kiln head cover 14 , a kiln tail cover 15 , a rotary joint 16 and a first motor 17 .
  • the hollow blade shaft 11 is arranged obliquely, and the hollow blade shaft 11 has a first cavity 111 extending in the axial direction and a second cavity 112 located at the periphery of the first cavity 111 .
  • the extension direction is sleeved on the outer side of the hollow blade shaft 11 , and a plurality of hollow blades 13 are arranged on the hollow blade shaft 11 at intervals.
  • the hollow blade 13 communicates with the corresponding second cavity 112 inside the hollow blade shaft 11 through the first pipe 70 , and also communicates with the corresponding first cavity 111 inside the hollow blade shaft 11 through the second pipe 80 .
  • the kiln head cover 14 has a feed port 142 that communicates with the interior of the cylinder 12 and is sleeved on the upper end of the cylinder 12, and the kiln tail cover 15 has a discharge port 152 that communicates with the interior of the cylinder 12 and is sleeved on the upper end of the cylinder 12.
  • the lower end of the cylindrical body 12 is provided with an igniter 153 in the kiln tail cover 15 .
  • the rotary joint 16 is disposed on one end of the hollow blade shaft 11 through a bearing seat, and the first motor 17 is used to drive the hollow blade shaft 11 to rotate.
  • the heat medium enters from the second cavity 112 of the rotary joint 16, diffuses to the hollow blade 13 through the first pipe 70, and after heat exchange with the domestic garbage and sludge, the heat medium flows back to the first cavity through the second pipe 8 Body 111 is discharged.
  • the incineration device 20 includes a furnace body 21 , a fixed grate piece 22 and a movable grate piece 23 .
  • the furnace body 21 is arranged below the kiln tail cover 15, and one end is communicated with the discharge port 152 on the kiln tail cover 15, so that the domestic waste and sludge after drying treatment can enter directly from the discharge port 152 on the kiln tail cover 15.
  • Furnace body 21 .
  • the fixed grate pieces 22 and the movable grate pieces 23 are alternately arranged in the furnace body 21 in the transverse direction, and the movable grate pieces 23 can reciprocate linearly in the longitudinal direction under the transmission action of the six-way crankshaft and the rocker.
  • the longitudinal movement of the movable grate pieces 23 can disperse and stir domestic garbage and sludge, which is convenient for incineration, and at the same time promotes the movement of domestic garbage and sludge.
  • the movable grate pieces 23 also make it easier for the air in the air chamber of the furnace body 21 to enter the gap between the domestic garbage and the sludge, thereby further promoting incineration.
  • the domestic garbage and sludge are incinerated in the furnace body 21, and a part of the hot flue gas generated by the incineration is discharged from the chimney 24 at the upper end of the furnace body 21 and passed into the interior of the kiln tail hood 15, where it interacts with the domestic garbage and sludge in the cylinder body 12.
  • Heat exchange, and the other part is discharged after treatment, making full use of the waste heat of hot flue gas generated by incineration.
  • Domestic waste and waste plastics enter the cylinder 12 from the feed port 142, exchange heat with the hollow blade shaft 11 and the heat medium in the hollow blade 13, and become dry, facilitating subsequent incineration.
  • the hot flue gas enters the cylinder body 12, and the heat of the hot flue gas generated by the incineration process is fully utilized, thereby saving energy.
  • the residue processing device 30 includes a screw feeder 31 and a second motor 32 .
  • the screw feeder 31 is arranged obliquely, and the lower end of the screw feeder 31 is located below the furnace body 21 and communicates with the other end of the furnace body 21 through a pipeline, so that the residue after incineration treatment directly falls into the lower end of the screw feeder 31 .
  • the lower end of the screw feeder 31 has a water storage tank 33 and the upper end has a slag outlet 34.
  • the second motor 32 is used to drive the feeding shaft 35 in the screw feeder 31 to rotate, and the feeding shaft 35 is provided with a spiral blade 36 along the extending direction.
  • the residue falling into the lower end of the screw feeder 31 is in contact with the water in the water storage tank 33, which avoids the generation of dust and improves the working environment of the workers.
  • the residue in contact with the water moves upward under the transmission of the helical blade 36 and is discharged from the residue outlet 34 at the upper end. Moisture adhering to the residue flows back to the water storage tank 33 from the gap between the screw blade 36 and the casing of the screw feeder 31 .
  • the barrel 12 includes a drying section 121 and a gasification section 122 located below the drying section 121 .
  • a plurality of hollow paddles 13 are arranged on the hollow paddle shaft 11 in the drying section 121 at intervals and communicate with the hollow paddle shaft 11 .
  • the domestic waste and sludge first enter the drying section 121 and exchange heat with the hollow blade shaft 11 and the heat medium in the hollow blade 13 located in the drying section 121 .
  • the domestic garbage and sludge after the drying treatment then enter the gasification section 122 for pyrolysis and gasification treatment.
  • the drying of the mud is more thorough, further promoting incineration.
  • the pyrolysis gasification process will also generate some combustible gas, and the cylinder body 12 is communicated with the furnace body 21 , so that the combustible gas obtained by pyrolysis and gasification enters the furnace body 21 for combustion.
  • a scraper 131 is provided at the end of the hollow paddle 13 located in the drying section 121 away from the hollow paddle shaft 11.
  • the scrapers 131 on the adjacent hollow paddles 13 on the two hollow paddle shafts 11 alternate with each other, thereby scraping off the adhering matter adhering to the hollow paddles 13 .
  • a drive device 40 is also included.
  • the inside of the cylinder body 12 has a first jacket 123 for accommodating the heat medium.
  • the cylindrical body 12 is supported by a rolling ring and a supporting wheel, the rolling ring is sleeved on the periphery of the cylindrical body 12 and is fixedly connected with the cylindrical body 12, and the supporting wheel is arranged on the bracket and is in rolling contact with the rolling ring.
  • An annular cavity 50 is formed inside the kiln head cover 14 and the kiln tail cover 15.
  • the cavity 50 forms a closed space by arranging sealing rings 60 on both sides.
  • the cavity 50 communicates with the heat medium outlet 141 and the heat medium inlet 151 , the two cavities 50 are both communicated with the first jacket 123 , and the driving device 40 is used to drive the cylinder 12 to rotate.
  • the heat medium after being pressurized by the booster pump and other equipment enters the first jacket 123, and heats the domestic garbage and sludge in the cylinder 12 by external heating, and cooperates with the hollow blade shaft 11 and hollow blade 13.
  • the internal heating method makes the drying treatment and pyrolysis gasification treatment more effective.
  • the fixing frame 41 is provided with an anti-reverse mechanism 90 for preventing the cylinder 12 from being reversed.
  • the anti-reverse mechanism 90 includes a base 91 , a stopper 92 and a first spring 93 .
  • the base 91 is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame 41 and is located below the cylindrical body 12 .
  • the lower end of the stopper 92 is slidably connected to the base 91 in the longitudinal direction, and the upper end of the stopper 92 has an inclined surface 94 .
  • Both ends of the first spring 93 are connected to the base 91 and the stopper 92 respectively.
  • the dial pin 42 can slide through the inclined surface 94 on the stopper 92;
  • the purpose of disposing the anti-reverse mechanism 90 is to prevent the cylinder body 12 from being reversed during the interval when the shifting fork 45 does not drive the shifting pin 42 to rotate the cylinder body 12 .
  • the above-mentioned anti-reverse mechanism 90 has a simple structure.
  • a pin sleeve 451 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the dial pin 42 , the pin sleeve 451 is rotatably connected with the dial pin 42 , and the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 451 has a ring-shaped and
  • the number of the first accommodating groove 453 coaxial with the pin sleeve 42 is at least one.
  • the first accommodating groove 453 is sleeved with a shock-absorbing pad 452, and the shock-absorbing pad 452 is preferably made of rubber.
  • the bottom of the first accommodating groove 453 is provided with a plurality of second accommodating grooves 456 along the circumferential direction.
  • the second accommodating grooves 456 are provided with a second spring 455 and a pushing member 454. Both ends are respectively in contact with the bottom of the second accommodating groove 456 and one end of the pushing member 454 , the pushing member 454 is slidably connected with the second accommodating groove 456 , and the other end of the pushing member 454 is slidably connected. One end protrudes out of the second accommodating groove 456 and is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the shock-absorbing pad 452;
  • the part of the shock-absorbing pad 452 that is in contact with the pusher 454 protrudes out of the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 451 . And when the pushing member 454 is moved into the second accommodating groove 456 , the part of the shock absorbing pad 452 abutting against the shifting fork 45 is completely accommodated in the first accommodating groove 453 .
  • the pusher 454 in a natural state, since the second spring 455 pushes the pusher 454 toward the second accommodating groove 456, the pusher 454 also pushes the shock-absorbing pad 452 outwards, thereby making the shock-absorbing pad 452 push up.
  • the part pushed up by the pusher 454 protrudes out of the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 451 .
  • the rotating fork 45 first abuts the part of the shock-absorbing pad 452 that protrudes out of the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 451, thus avoiding the contact between the fork 45 and the pin sleeve 451, thereby reducing the contact process noise and vibration generated in the
  • the pusher 454 moves toward the bottom of the second accommodating groove 456, so that the shock-absorbing pad 452 gradually moves. Move into the first accommodating groove 453 until the part that contacts the shifting fork 45 is completely located in the first accommodating groove 453 .
  • the shift fork 45 is in rolling contact with the pin sleeve 451 , and the pin sleeve 451 is rotatably connected with the shift pin 42 , thereby avoiding the wear of the shift pin 42 and the wear of the shock pad 452 .
  • the upper ends of the fixed grate sheet 22 and the movable grate sheet 23 are provided with crushing blades 25 for breaking up and cutting domestic waste and sludge.
  • the installation positions of the crushing blades 25 on the fixed grate sheet 22 and the movable grate sheet 23 are different, which facilitates cooperation and crushes domestic garbage and sludge at different angles.
  • the design of the crushing blade 25 enables the domestic waste and sludge to be crushed into fine structures, thereby facilitating incineration.
  • a plurality of water filtering holes are distributed on the spiral blade 36 , so that when the residue moves upward under the action of the feeding shaft 35 and the spiral blade 36 , the water adhering to it is returned to the water storage tank 33 .
  • the helical vanes 36 located above the slag opening 34 and the helical vanes 36 located below the slag opening 34 have opposite helical directions.
  • the reverse spiral design prevents the residue from accumulating at the slag outlet 34, which is convenient for workers to collect the residue.
  • a second jacket 311 is provided on the outer wall of the casing of the screw feeder 31 .
  • One end of the second jacket 311 is communicated with the air pump, and the other end is communicated with the furnace body 21 .
  • the air pressurized by the air pump enters the second jacket 311, exchanges heat with the residue in the screw feeder 31, and the air that obtains heat then enters the furnace body 21 to promote incineration.
  • the design of the second jacket 311 makes full use of the residual heat of the residue and saves energy.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of the processing method of the above-mentioned domestic waste and sludge co-processing system, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the pressurized heat medium enters the first jacket 123 of the cylinder 12 from the heat medium inlet 151 on the kiln tail cover 15, and is discharged from the heat medium outlet 141 on the kiln head cover 14;
  • the domestic waste and sludge enter the drying section 121 of the cylinder 12 from the feed port 142, and are heated by the first jacket 123, the hollow blade shaft 11 and the hollow blade 13 located in the drying section 121. drying treatment;
  • the hot flue gas generated by the incineration enters the second cavity 112 of the hollow blade shaft 11 from the rotary joint 16 at one end of the hollow blade shaft 11, diffuses to the hollow blade 13 through the first pipe 70, and then passes through the second cavity 112 of the hollow blade shaft 11.
  • the pipeline 80 enters the first cavity 111 to return and discharge;
  • the air compressed by the air pump exchanges heat with the residue in the screw feeder 31 in the second jacket 311 , and the heated air enters the furnace body 21 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及生活垃圾与污泥处理技术领域，提供了一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法。该系统包括干燥装置、焚烧装置和残渣处理装置。干燥装置包括空心桨叶轴、筒体、空心桨叶、窑头罩、窑尾罩、旋转接头和第一电机；焚烧装置包括炉体、固定炉排片和活动炉排片；残渣处理装置包括螺旋送料机和第二电机。本发明提供的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法，通过筒体的干燥段和气化段分别对生活垃圾和污泥进行干燥处理和热解气化处理，使得生活垃圾和污泥进入炉体内更易焚烧。炉体内的固定炉排片和活动炉排片配合作用，使生活垃圾和污泥的焚烧更加充分，焚烧处理后的残渣进入储水槽与水接触，避免了扬尘的产生，改善了工作环境。

Description

一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生活垃圾与污泥处理技术领域，具体涉及一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高，全球每年产生的生活垃圾日益增多，产生的污水和污泥量也越来越多。这些生活垃圾和污泥通常含有大量微生物和重金属，如果不进行处理，将会对生态环境造成严重的危害。
目前，对生活垃圾和污泥进行焚烧处理是应用最广的方式。生活垃圾和污泥通常含有较多水分，现有的处理装置在焚烧前没有对生活垃圾和污泥进行干燥处理，并且焚烧后也没有对残渣进行较好处理。缺乏干燥处理导致生活垃圾和污泥的焚烧困难，缺乏对残渣的较好处理会产生扬尘，导致工作环境变得比较恶劣。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法，能在焚烧前对生活垃圾和污泥进行干燥处理，并在焚烧后对残渣进行吸附处理，使生活垃圾和污泥更容易焚烧，同时改善工作环境。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系 统，该系统包括干燥装置、焚烧装置和残渣处理装置，所述干燥装置包括空心桨叶轴、筒体、空心桨叶、窑头罩、窑尾罩、旋转接头和第一电机，所述空心桨叶轴倾斜设置，所述空心桨叶轴内部具有沿轴线方向延伸的第一腔体和位于所述第一腔体外围的第二腔体，所述筒体沿所述空心桨叶轴的延伸方向套设在所述空心桨叶轴的外侧，多个所述空心桨叶间隔设置在所述空心桨叶轴上，所述空心桨叶与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第二腔体通过第一管道连通、且还与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第一腔体通过第二管道连通，所述窑头罩上具有与所述筒体的内部连通的进料口，所述窑头罩套设在所述筒体的上端，所述窑尾罩上具有与所述筒体的内部连通的出料口，所述窑尾罩套设在所述筒体的下端，所述窑尾罩内设置有点火器，所述旋转接头设置在所述空心桨叶轴的一端，所述第一电机用于驱动所述空心桨叶轴旋转；所述焚烧装置包括炉体、固定炉排片和活动炉排片，所述炉体设置在所述窑尾罩的下方、且一端与所述窑尾罩上的所述出料口连通，所述固定炉排片和所述活动炉排片沿横向依次交替设置在所述炉体内，所述活动炉排片可沿纵向作往复直线运动，所述炉体的上端具有烟囱，所述烟囱与所述窑尾罩的内部连通；所述残渣处理装置包括螺旋送料机和第二电机，所述螺旋送料机倾斜设置，所述螺旋送料机的下端位于所述炉体的下方且与所述炉体的另一端连通，所述螺旋送料机的下端具有储水槽、上端具有出渣口，所述第二电机用于驱动所述螺旋送料机内的送料轴旋转，所述送料轴沿延伸方向设置有螺旋叶片。
进一步地，所述筒体包括干燥段和位于所述干燥段下方的气化段，多个所述空心桨叶间隔设置在位于所述干燥段内的所述空心桨叶轴上。
进一步地，位于干燥段内的所述空心桨叶上的远离所述空心桨叶轴的一端设置有刮板。
进一步地，还包括驱动装置，所述筒体的内部具有用于容纳热介质的第一夹套，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩均与所述筒体转动连接、且还都与所述筒体密封连接，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩的内部都形成环形的空腔，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩上分别具有与对应的所述空腔连通的热介质出口和热介质进口，两个所述空腔均与所述第一夹套连通，所述驱动装置用于驱动所述筒体旋转。
进一步地，所述驱动装置包括固定架、拨销、第三电机、拨叉刃和拨叉，所述固定架套设在所述筒体上，多个所述拨销沿所述固定架的周向均布在所述固定架上、且均与所述固定架可拆卸连接，所述固定架和相邻的两个所述拨销之间形成有凹槽，所述第三电机与所述拨叉的一端固定连接，所述拨叉刃与所述拨叉的另一端可拆卸连接，所述拨叉刃可插入和脱离所述凹槽。
进一步地，所述固定炉排片和所述活动炉排片的上端均设置有用于打散和切割生活垃圾和污泥的破碎刃。
进一步地，所述螺旋叶片上分布有多个滤水孔。
进一步地，位于所述出渣口上方的螺旋叶片和位于所述出渣口下方的螺旋叶片的旋向相反。
进一步地，所述螺旋送料机的外壳的外壁上设置有第二夹套，所述第二夹套的一端与空气泵连通、另一端与所述炉体连通。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提出了一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
经过增压的热介质从窑尾罩上的热介质进口进入筒体的第一夹套内，并从窑头罩上的热介质出口排出；
生活垃圾和污泥从进料口进入筒体的干燥段内，并在位于干燥段内的第一夹套、空心桨叶轴和空心桨叶的加热下进行干燥处理；
干燥处理后的生活垃圾和污泥进入气化段内，在位于气化段内的第一夹套和空心桨叶轴的加热下进行热解气化处理；
热解气化处理后的生活垃圾和污泥进入炉体，经过固定炉排片和活动炉排片上的破碎刃的打散和切割后进行焚烧处理；
焚烧产生的热烟气从空心桨叶轴的一端的旋转接头进入空心桨叶轴的第二腔体，通过第一管道扩散至空心桨叶后，再从第二管道进入第一腔体回流排出；
焚烧处理后的残渣进入螺旋送料机的储水槽内；
进入储水槽的残渣在螺旋送料机的作用下向上移动，并从螺旋送料机的上端的出渣口排出；
经过空气泵压缩的空气在第二夹套内与螺旋送料机内的残渣交换热量，受热后的空气进入炉体。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统及方法，在对生活垃圾和污泥进行焚烧处理前，通过筒体的 干燥段和气化段分别对生活垃圾和污泥进行干燥处理和热解气化处理，使得生活垃圾和污泥进入炉体内更易焚烧。炉体内的固定炉排片和活动炉排片配合作用，使生活垃圾和污泥的焚烧更加充分，焚烧处理后的残渣进入储水槽与水接触，避免了扬尘的产生，改善了工作环境。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为干燥装置的结构示意图；
图3为焚烧装置的结构示意图；
图4为残渣处理装置的结构示意图；
图5为干燥装置的正视剖面示意图；
图6为图5中A部的放大示意图；
图7为图2中B部的放大示意图；
图8为驱动装置的侧视结构示意图；
图9为空心桨叶轴的结构示意图；
图10为拨叉的剖面结构示意图；
图11为生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统的处理方法的流程示意图。
附图标记：10-干燥装置、11-空心桨叶轴、111-第一腔体、112-第二腔体、12-筒体、121-干燥段、122-气化段、123-第一夹套、13-空心桨叶、131-刮板、14-窑头罩、141-热介质出口、142-进料口、 15-窑尾罩、151-热介质进口、152-出料口、153-点火器、16-旋转接头、17-第一电机、20-焚烧装置、21-炉体、22-固定炉排片、23-活动炉排片、24-烟囱、25-破碎刃、30-残渣处理装置、31-螺旋送料机、311-第二夹套、32-第二电机、33-储水槽、34-出渣口、35-送料轴、36-螺旋叶片、40-驱动装置、41-固定架、42-拨销、43-第三电机、44-拨叉刃、45-拨叉、451-销套、452-减震垫、453-第一容置槽、454-推动件、455-第二弹簧、456-第二容置槽、46-凹槽、50-空腔、60-密封圈、70-第一管道、80-第二管道、90-防逆转机构、91-基座、92-止动件、93-第一弹簧、94-倾斜面。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“纵”、“横”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“上”、“下”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便 于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
如图1-10所示，本发明提供一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，包括干燥装置10、焚烧装置20和残渣处理装置30。
干燥装置10包括空心桨叶轴11、筒体12、空心桨叶13、窑头罩14、窑尾罩15、旋转接头16和第一电机17。空心桨叶轴11倾斜设置，空心桨叶轴11内部具有沿轴线方向延伸的第一腔体111和位于第一腔体111外围的第二腔体112，筒体12沿空心桨叶轴11的延伸方向套设在空心桨叶轴11的外侧，多个空心桨叶13间隔设置在空心桨叶轴11上。空心桨叶13与对应的空心桨叶轴11内部的第二腔体112通过第一管道70连通、且还与对应的空心桨叶轴11内部的第一腔体111通过第二管道80连通。窑头罩14上具有与筒体12内部连通的进料口142、且套设在筒体12的上端，窑尾罩15上具有与筒体12内部连通的出料口152、且套设在筒体12的下端，窑尾罩15内设置有点火器153。
旋转接头16通过轴承座设置在空心桨叶轴11的一端，第一电机17用于驱动空心桨叶轴11旋转。热介质从旋转接头16的第二腔 体112通入，通过第一管道70扩散至空心桨叶13，与生活垃圾和污泥热交换后，热介质再经过第二管道8回流至第一腔体111排出。
焚烧装置20包括炉体21、固定炉排片22和活动炉排片23。炉体21设置在窑尾罩15的下方、且一端与窑尾罩15上的出料口152连通，方便干燥处理后的生活垃圾和污泥从窑尾罩15上的出料口152直接进入炉体21。固定炉排片22和活动炉排片23沿横向依次交替设置在炉体21内，活动炉排片23在六向曲轴和摇杆的传动作用下可沿纵向作往复直线运动。
活动炉排片23的纵向运动，能打散并搅拌生活垃圾和污泥，便于焚烧，同时推进生活垃圾和污泥的移动。活动炉排片23还使得炉体21风室内的空气更易进入生活垃圾和污泥的间隙，从而进一步促进焚烧。生活垃圾和污泥在炉体21内焚烧，焚烧产生的热烟气一部分从炉体21的上端的烟囱24排出并通入窑尾罩15内部，与筒体12内的生活垃圾和污泥进行热交换，另一部分经过处理后排出，充分利用了焚烧处理产生的热烟气的余热。生活垃圾和废塑料从进料口142进入筒体12内，与空心桨叶轴11和空心桨叶13内的热介质交换热量，变得干燥，便于后续的焚烧。热烟气进入筒体12内，充分利用了焚烧处理产生的热烟气的热量，节省了能源。
残渣处理装置30包括螺旋送料机31和第二电机32。螺旋送料机31倾斜设置，螺旋送料机31的下端位于炉体21的下方且与炉体21的另一端通过管道连通，便于焚烧处理后的残渣直接落进螺旋送料机31的下端。螺旋送料机31的下端具有储水槽33、上端具有出 渣口34，第二电机32用于驱动螺旋送料机31内的送料轴35旋转，送料轴35沿延伸方向设置有螺旋叶片36。
落进螺旋送料机31下端的残渣与储水槽33内的水接触，避免了扬尘的产生，改善了工人的工作环境。与水接触的残渣在螺旋叶片36的传递下向上运动，并从上端的出渣口34排出。残渣粘附的水分从螺旋叶片36与螺旋送料机31的外壳之间的间隙回流至储水槽33。
在一个实施例中，筒体12包括干燥段121和位于干燥段121下方的气化段122。多个空心桨叶13间隔设置在位于干燥段121内的空心桨叶轴11上、且与空心桨叶轴11连通。生活垃圾和污泥首先进入干燥段121，并与位于干燥段121内的空心桨叶轴11和空心桨叶13内的热介质交换热量。
干燥处理后的生活垃圾和污泥再进入气化段122进行热解气化处理。位于气化段122内的空心桨叶轴11上没有空心桨叶13，因此生活垃圾和污泥不会在空心桨叶13的推动移动，只会在重力的作用下缓慢移动。从而增加了生活垃圾和污泥在气化段122的热解气化处理时间，使得生活垃圾和污泥内部的结合水被大量蒸发，配合干燥段121内蒸发的自由水，使得生活垃圾和污泥的干燥更加彻底，进一步促进焚烧。热解气化处理还会产生部分可燃烧气体，筒体12与炉体21连通，从而使热解气化得到的可燃性气体进入炉体21燃烧。
在一个实施例中，位于干燥段121内的空心桨叶13上的远离所 述空心桨叶轴11的一端设置有刮板131。空心桨叶轴11旋转时，两个空心桨叶轴11上的相邻的空心桨叶13上的刮板131互相交替，从而刮除粘附在空心桨叶13上的粘附物。
在一个实施例中，还包括驱动装置40。筒体12的内部具有用于容纳热介质的第一夹套123，窑头罩14和窑尾罩15均与筒体12转动连接、且还都与筒体12密封连接。筒体12通过滚圈和托轮支撑，滚圈套设在筒体12的外围、且与筒体12固定连接，托轮设置在支架上且与滚圈滚动接触。
窑头罩14和窑尾罩15的内部都形成环形的空腔50，空腔50通过在两侧布置密封圈60形成密闭空间，窑头罩14和窑尾罩15上分别具有与对应的空腔50连通的热介质出口141和热介质进口151，两个空腔50均与第一夹套123连通，驱动装置40用于驱动筒体12旋转。经过增压泵等设备增压后的热介质进入第一夹套123内，以外加热的方式对筒体12内的生活垃圾和污泥进行加热，配合空心桨叶轴11和空心桨叶13的内加热方式，使干燥处理和热解气化处理的效果更好。
在一个实施例中，所述固定架41上设置有用于防止所述筒体12逆转的防逆转机构90，所述防逆转机构90包括基座91、止动件92和第一弹簧93。
基座91固定安装在所述固定架41上，且位于所述筒体12的下方。
止动件92的下端在纵向方向上与所述基座91滑动连接，止动 件92的上端具有一倾斜面94。
第一弹簧93，两端分别与所述基座91和所述止动件92连接。
在自然状态下，当所述拨销42与所述倾斜面94未接触时，由于第一弹簧93的作用，所述止动件92位于两个相邻的所述拨销42之间。
当所述筒体12正向转动时，所述拨销42可从所述止动件92上的所述倾斜面94上滑动通过；
当所述筒体12逆向转动时，所述拨销42受到所述止动件92的阻挡。
设置防逆转机构90的目的是，在拨叉45未驱动拨销42、以使筒体12转动的间隔时间内，可以防止筒体12逆转。且上述防逆转机构90，结构简单。
在一个实施例中，所述拨销42的外周面上套设有销套451，所述销套451与所述拨销42转动连接，所述销套451的外周面上开有成环形且与所述销套42同轴的第一容置槽453，第一容置槽453的数量至少为一个。所述第一容置槽453内套设有减震垫452，减震垫452优选为橡胶材质。所述第一容置槽453的槽底沿周向开有多个第二容置槽456，所述第二容置槽456内设置有第二弹簧455和推动件454，所述第二弹簧455的两端分别与所述第二容置槽456的槽底和所述推动件454的一端抵接，所述推动件454与所述第二容置槽456滑动连接，所述推动件454的另一端伸出至所述第二容置槽456外、且与所述减震垫452的内周面抵接；
自然状态下，所述减震垫452的与所述推动件454相抵触的部位凸出于所述销套451的外周面外，当所述拨叉45与所述减震垫452抵接、且使所述推动件454向所述第二容置槽456内移动时，所述减震垫452的与所述拨叉45相抵接的部位完全容纳于所述第一容置槽453内。
在本实施例中，自然状态下，由于第二弹簧455将推动件454向第二容置槽456外顶，从而推动件454也将减震垫452向外顶起，进而使减震垫452的被推动件454所顶起的部位凸出于销套451的外周面外。由于上述设置，转动的拨叉45先与减震垫452的凸出于销套451的外周面外的部分抵接，这样避免了拨叉45之间与销套451接触，从而降低了接触过程中产生的噪音和震动。且由于拨叉45与减震垫452上的上述凸出于销套451的外周面外的部分接触后，推动件454向第二容置槽456的槽底方向移动，从而减震垫452逐渐移动到第一容置槽453内，直到与拨叉45接触的部位完全位于第一容置槽453内。然后拨叉45与销套451滚动接触，销套451与拨销42转动连接，从而既避免了拨销42的磨损，又避免了减震垫452的磨损。
在一个实施例中，固定炉排片22和活动炉排片23的上端均设置有用于打散和切割生活垃圾和污泥的破碎刃25。优选固定炉排片22和活动炉排片23上的破碎刃25安装位置不同，这样有利于配合，从而以不同角度对生活垃圾和污泥进行破碎。破碎刃25的设计使得生活垃圾和污泥被打碎成细小结构，从而便于焚烧。
在一个实施例中，螺旋叶片36上分布有多个滤水孔，便于残渣在送料轴35和螺旋叶片36的作用下向上移动时，其粘附的水分回流至储水槽33。
在一个实施例中，位于出渣口34上方的螺旋叶片36和位于出渣口34下方的螺旋叶片36的螺旋方向相反。反螺旋设计使得残渣不会在出渣口34堆积，便于工人收集残渣。
在一个实施例中，螺旋送料机31的外壳的外壁上设置有第二夹套311。第二夹套311的一端与空气泵连通、另一端与炉体21连通。经过空气泵增压的空气进入第二夹套311内，与螺旋送料机31内的残渣交换热量，获得热量的空气再进入炉体21，促进焚烧。第二夹套311的设计充分利用了残渣的余热，节省了能源。
图11为上述生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统的处理方法的流程示意图，该方法包括以下步骤：
S10、经过增压的热介质从窑尾罩15上的热介质进口151进入筒体12的第一夹套123内，并从窑头罩14上的热介质出口141排出；
S20、生活垃圾和污泥从进料口142进入筒体12的干燥段121内，并在位于干燥段121内的第一夹套123、空心桨叶轴11和空心桨叶13的加热下进行干燥处理；
S30、干燥处理后的生活垃圾和污泥进入气化段122内，在位于气化段122内的第一夹套123和空心桨叶轴11的加热下进行热解气化处理；
S40、热解气化处理后的生活垃圾和污泥进入炉体21，经过固定炉排片22和活动炉排片23上的破碎刃25的打散和切割后进行焚烧处理；
S50、焚烧产生的热烟气从空心桨叶轴11的一端的旋转接头16进入空心桨叶轴11的第二腔体112，通过第一管道70扩散至空心桨叶13后，再从第二管道80进入第一腔体111回流排出；
S60、焚烧处理后的残渣进入螺旋送料机31的储水槽33内；
S70、进入储水槽33的残渣在螺旋送料机31的作用下向上移动，并从螺旋送料机31的上端的出渣口34排出；
S80、经过空气泵压缩的空气在第二夹套311内与螺旋送料机31内的残渣交换热量，受热后的空气进入炉体21。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点，对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可 以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：包括干燥装置、焚烧装置和残渣处理装置，
    所述干燥装置包括空心桨叶轴、筒体、空心桨叶、窑头罩、窑尾罩、旋转接头和第一电机，所述空心桨叶轴倾斜设置，所述空心桨叶轴内部具有沿轴线方向延伸的第一腔体和位于所述第一腔体外围的第二腔体，所述筒体沿所述空心桨叶轴的延伸方向套设在所述空心桨叶轴的外侧，多个所述空心桨叶间隔设置在所述空心桨叶轴上，所述空心桨叶与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第二腔体通过第一管道连通、且还与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第一腔体通过第二管道连通，所述窑头罩上具有与所述筒体的内部连通的进料口，所述窑头罩套设在所述筒体的上端，所述窑尾罩上具有与所述筒体的内部连通的出料口，所述窑尾罩套设在所述筒体的下端，所述窑尾罩内设置有点火器，所述旋转接头设置在所述空心桨叶轴的一端，所述第一电机用于驱动所述空心桨叶轴旋转；
    所述焚烧装置包括炉体、固定炉排片和活动炉排片，所述炉体设置在所述窑尾罩的下方、且一端与所述窑尾罩上的所述出料口连通，所述固定炉排片和所述活动炉排片沿横向依次交替设置在所述炉体内，所述活动炉排片可沿纵向作往复直线运动，所述炉体的上端具有烟囱，所述烟囱与所述窑尾罩的内部连通；
    所述残渣处理装置包括螺旋送料机和第二电机，所述螺旋送料机倾斜设置，所述螺旋送料机的下端位于所述炉体的下方且与所述炉体的另一端连通，所述螺旋送料机的下端具有储水槽、上端具有 出渣口，所述第二电机用于驱动所述螺旋送料机内的送料轴旋转，所述送料轴沿延伸方向设置有螺旋叶片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：所述筒体包括干燥段和位于所述干燥段下方的气化段，多个所述空心桨叶间隔设置在位于所述干燥段内的所述空心桨叶轴上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：位于干燥段内的所述空心桨叶上的远离所述空心桨叶轴的一端设置有刮板。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：还包括驱动装置，所述筒体的内部具有用于容纳热介质的第一夹套，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩均与所述筒体转动连接、且还都与所述筒体密封连接，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩的内部都形成环形的空腔，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩上分别具有与对应的所述空腔连通的热介质出口和热介质进口，两个所述空腔均与所述第一夹套连通，所述驱动装置用于驱动所述筒体旋转。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：所述驱动装置包括固定架、拨销、第三电机、拨叉刃和拨叉，所述固定架套设在所述筒体上，多个所述拨销沿所述固定架的周向均布在所述固定架上、且均与所述固定架可拆卸连接，所述固定架和相邻的两个所述拨销之间形成有凹槽，所述第三电机与所述拨叉的一端固定连接，所述拨叉刃与所述拨叉的另一端可拆卸 连接，所述拨叉刃可插入和脱离所述凹槽。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：所述固定炉排片和所述活动炉排片的上端均设置有用于打散和切割生活垃圾和污泥的破碎刃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：所述螺旋叶片上分布有多个滤水孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：位于所述出渣口上方的螺旋叶片和位于所述出渣口下方的螺旋叶片的旋向相反。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：所述螺旋送料机的外壳的外壁上设置有第二夹套，所述第二夹套的一端与空气泵连通、另一端与所述炉体连通。
  10. 一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理方法，应用于权利要求1-9任一项所述的一种生活垃圾与污泥协同处理系统，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    经过增压的热介质从窑尾罩上的热介质进口进入筒体的第一夹套内，并从窑头罩上的热介质出口排出；
    生活垃圾和污泥从进料口进入筒体的干燥段内，并在位于干燥段内的第一夹套、空心桨叶轴和空心桨叶的加热下进行干燥处理；
    干燥处理后的生活垃圾和污泥进入气化段内，在位于气化段内的第一夹套和空心桨叶轴的加热下进行热解气化处理；
    热解气化处理后的生活垃圾和污泥进入炉体，经过固定炉排片 和活动炉排片上的破碎刃的打散和切割后进行焚烧处理；
    焚烧产生的热烟气从空心桨叶轴的一端的旋转接头进入空心桨叶轴的第二腔体，通过第一管道扩散至空心桨叶后，再从第二管道进入第一腔体回流排出；
    焚烧处理后的残渣进入螺旋送料机的储水槽内；
    进入储水槽的残渣在螺旋送料机的作用下向上移动，并从螺旋送料机的上端的出渣口排出；
    经过空气泵压缩的空气在第二夹套内与螺旋送料机内的残渣交换热量，受热后的空气进入炉体。
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