WO2022021116A1 - 一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统 - Google Patents

一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021116A1
WO2022021116A1 PCT/CN2020/105401 CN2020105401W WO2022021116A1 WO 2022021116 A1 WO2022021116 A1 WO 2022021116A1 CN 2020105401 W CN2020105401 W CN 2020105401W WO 2022021116 A1 WO2022021116 A1 WO 2022021116A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
incineration
cylinder
hollow blade
kiln
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PCT/CN2020/105401
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林顺洪
王江林
郭大江
季炫宇
杨鲁
杨宇
邓渝川
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重庆科技学院
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Application filed by 重庆科技学院 filed Critical 重庆科技学院
Priority to PCT/CN2020/105401 priority Critical patent/WO2022021116A1/zh
Publication of WO2022021116A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021116A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a two-stage waste drying and incineration treatment system.
  • wastes are not easily degraded in the natural environment, and landfill disposal will occupy a large amount of land. And the toxic substances contained in the waste enter the land, which will cause great harm to the land, and even make the land uncultivated. At present, incineration of waste is the most widely used method.
  • Waste is formed from various kinds of garbage and usually contains a lot of moisture.
  • the existing incineration system does not dry the waste before incineration, and does not properly treat the residue after incineration. Lack of drying treatment makes waste incineration difficult, and lack of better treatment of residues will generate dust, resulting in a worse working environment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a two-stage waste drying and incineration treatment system, which can dry the waste before incineration, and carry out adsorption treatment to the residue after incineration, so that the waste can be treated by adsorption. materials are easier to incinerate, while improving the working environment.
  • a two-stage waste drying and incineration treatment system including an incineration device and a residue treatment device;
  • the incineration device includes a first support, a hollow blade shaft, A cylinder body, a hollow blade, a kiln head cover, a kiln tail cover, a rotary joint and a first motor, the hollow blade shaft is obliquely arranged on the first support, and the hollow blade shaft has an inner part extending along the axis direction.
  • the first cavity and the second cavity located at the periphery of the first cavity, the cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the hollow blade shaft along the extending direction of the hollow blade shaft, and the cylinder It includes a drying section and an incineration section located below the drying section, a plurality of the hollow paddles are arranged at intervals on the hollow paddle shaft located in the drying section, and the hollow paddles correspond to the corresponding hollow paddles.
  • the second cavity inside the blade shaft is communicated through a first pipe, and is also communicated with the corresponding first cavity inside the hollow blade shaft through a second pipe, and the kiln head cover is sleeved on the One end of the cylinder body close to the drying section, the kiln head cover has a feed port that communicates with the inside of the cylinder body, the kiln tail cover is provided with an igniter, and the kiln tail cover is sleeved on the inside of the cylinder.
  • One end of the cylinder body close to the incineration section, the kiln tail cover has a discharge port that communicates with the interior of the cylinder body, and the rotary joint is arranged at one end of the hollow blade shaft and passes through a bearing.
  • the seat is connected to the first support, the first motor is arranged on the first support, and is used to drive the hollow blade shaft to rotate;
  • the residue treatment device includes a screw feeder and a second motor, the The screw feeder is arranged obliquely, the lower end of the screw feeder is located below the kiln tail cover and communicates with the discharge port on the kiln tail cover, the lower end of the screw feeder has a water storage tank, and the upper end has a water storage tank.
  • the slag outlet, the second motor is used to control the rotation of the feeding shaft in the screw feeder, and the feeding shaft is provided with a helical blade along the extending direction.
  • the inside of the cylinder body has a first jacket for accommodating the heat medium
  • the kiln head cover and the kiln tail cover are both sealed and connected to the cylinder body
  • An annular cavity is formed inside the tail cover
  • the kiln head cover has a heat medium outlet communicating with the first jacket
  • the kiln tail cover has a heat medium inlet communicating with the first jacket , both the heat medium inlet and the heat medium outlet communicate with the first jacket through the cavity.
  • a guide cylinder is arranged in the cavity, the guide cylinder is fixedly connected with the kiln head cover or the kiln tail cover, and the guide cylinder divides the cavity into a third cavity and a fourth cavity located inside the third cavity, the guide cylinder is uniformly distributed with a plurality of first through holes connecting the third cavity and the fourth cavity in the circumferential direction, the The cylindrical body is provided with a plurality of second through holes connecting the fourth cavity and the first jacket.
  • the cylinder body is rotatably connected with the kiln head cover and the kiln tail cover, a support assembly and a driving device are provided on the first support, and the support assembly is used to support the cylinder body, The driving device is used for driving the cylinder to rotate.
  • the driving device includes a fixing frame, a shifting pin, a third motor, a shifting fork blade and a shifting fork
  • the fixing frame is sleeved on the cylinder body, and a plurality of the shifting pins are arranged along the direction of the fixing frame.
  • the circumferential direction is evenly distributed on the fixing frame, and all of them are detachably connected to the fixing frame.
  • a groove is formed between the fixing frame and the two adjacent dial pins, and the third motor is connected to the dial.
  • One end of the fork is fixedly connected, the fork blade is detachably connected to the other end of the fork, and the fork blade can be inserted into and removed from the groove.
  • a scraper is provided on the end of the hollow blade away from the hollow blade shaft, and a copy board and a ball chain are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body located in the incineration section along the circumferential direction.
  • the ball chain is fixedly connected with the barrel, and the ball chain is hinged with the barrel.
  • a plurality of water filtering holes are distributed on the spiral blade.
  • spiral blades above the slag outlet and the spiral blades below the slag outlet have opposite directions of rotation.
  • the second motor is arranged on the second bracket, and is connected with the upper end of the feeding shaft in the screw feeder through a universal mechanism.
  • a second jacket is provided on the outer wall of the casing of the screw feeder, one end of the second jacket is communicated with the air pump, and the other end is communicated with the inside of the kiln tail cover.
  • the drying section on the cylinder dries the waste
  • the incineration section on the cylinder dries the waste after drying. Incineration.
  • the residue after waste incineration enters the water storage tank at the lower end of the screw feeder from the discharge port.
  • the contact of the residue with water avoids the generation of dust.
  • the residue in contact with water is passed up by the screw feeder and then discharged from the slag outlet. Improved work environment.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of incinerator
  • Fig. 5 is the enlarged schematic diagram of A part in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of C-C in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 8 is the enlarged schematic diagram of D part in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the guide tube
  • Fig. 10 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the incineration section of the cylinder
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow blade shaft
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving device
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the shift fork.
  • connection and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • connection and “fixed” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • the present invention provides a two-stage waste drying and incineration treatment system, including an incineration device 10 and a residue treatment device 20 .
  • the incineration device 10 includes a first support 11 , a hollow blade shaft 12 , a cylinder 13 , a hollow blade 14 , a kiln head cover 15 , a kiln tail cover 16 , a rotary joint 17 and a first motor 18 .
  • the hollow blade shaft 12 is obliquely disposed on the first bracket 11 , and the hollow blade shaft 12 has a first cavity 121 extending in the axial direction inside the hollow blade shaft 12 and a second cavity 122 located at the periphery of the first cavity 121 .
  • the cylindrical body 13 is sleeved on the outer side of the hollow blade shaft 12 along the extending direction of the hollow blade shaft 12 .
  • the cylinder 13 includes a drying section 131 and an incineration section 132 , and the incineration section 132 is located below the drying section 131 .
  • a plurality of hollow blades 14 are arranged on the hollow blade shaft 12 of the drying section 131 at intervals.
  • the hollow blade 14 communicates with the second cavity 122 inside the corresponding hollow blade shaft 12 through the first pipe 100 , and also communicates with the first cavity 121 inside the corresponding hollow blade shaft 12 through the second pipe 110 .
  • the pressurized heat medium enters the second cavity 122 in the hollow blade shaft 12 from the heat medium rotary joint 17 at one end, and gradually flows to the hollow blade 14 through the first pipeline 100, and then passes through the second pipeline 110 flows back into the first cavity 121 and is finally discharged from the rotary joint 16 . This achieves internal heating of the waste from the inside.
  • the kiln head cover 15 is sleeved on one end of the cylinder body 13 close to the drying section 131 , and the kiln head cover 15 has a feed port 151 communicating with the interior of the cylinder body 13 .
  • the kiln tail cover 16 is provided with an igniter 163 .
  • the kiln tail cover 16 is sleeved on one end of the cylinder body 13 close to the incineration section 132 .
  • the rotary joint 17 is disposed at one end of the hollow blade shaft 12 and is rotatably connected to the first bracket 11 through a bearing seat.
  • the first motor 18 is arranged on the first bracket 11 and drives the hollow blade shaft 12 to rotate through the transmission of the gear set.
  • the residue processing device 20 includes a screw feeder 21 and a second motor 22 .
  • the screw feeder 21 is arranged obliquely.
  • the lower end of the screw feeder 21 is located below the kiln tail cover 16 and communicates with the discharge port 161 on the kiln tail cover 16.
  • the lower end of the screw feeder 21 has a water storage tank 211, and the upper end has a slag outlet. 212.
  • the second motor 22 is used to control the rotation of the feeding shaft 213 in the screw feeder 21 , and the feeding shaft 213 is provided with a helical blade 214 along the extending direction.
  • the residue falling from the discharge port 161 of the kiln tail cover 16 enters the lower end of the screw feeder 21 from the discharge port 161 and is mixed with the water in the water storage tank 211 .
  • the design of the water storage tank 211 prevents dust from being generated when the residues fall out, thereby improving the working environment.
  • the residue is mixed with water, under the rotation of the feeding shaft 213 and the screw blade 214, the residue moves upward, and the moisture adhered to the residue flows back to the water storage tank 211 from the gap between the screw blade 214 and the casing, and the residue moves to the screw feeder 21. When it reaches the upper end, it falls out from the slag outlet 212 .
  • the waste heat recovery device sends the waste heat of the residue in the screw feeder 21 into the cylinder body 13 through the kiln tail cover 16 to promote the drying and combustion of the waste in the cylinder body 13 .
  • the dried waste enters the incineration section 132, and is incinerated under the ignition action of the igniter 163 in the kiln tail cover 16, and the residue after the waste incineration falls out from the discharge port 161 under the action of gravity.
  • the inside of the cylindrical body 13 has a first jacket 133 for accommodating the heat medium.
  • Both the kiln head cover 15 and the kiln tail cover 16 are connected with the cylinder body 13 in a sealed manner. Both the kiln head cover 15 and the kiln tail cover 16 form an annular cavity.
  • the kiln head cover 15 has a heat medium outlet 152 that communicates with the first jacket 133
  • the kiln tail cover 16 has a heat medium outlet 152 that communicates with the first jacket 133.
  • the heat medium inlet 162. Both the heat medium inlet 162 and the heat medium outlet 152 communicate with the first jacket 133 through the cavity.
  • the pressurized heat medium enters the first jacket 133 of the cylinder 13 from the heat medium inlet 162 of the kiln tail cover 16 and moves toward the kiln head cover 15 .
  • the heat medium entering the first jacket 133 first passes through the incineration section 132 , and the incineration of wastes in the incineration section 132 further adds heat to the heat medium in the first jacket 133 .
  • the heat medium enters the drying section 131 and exchanges heat with the waste in the drying section 131, thereby drying the waste in the drying section 131 by means of external heating.
  • the external heating method of the first jacket 133 is combined with the internal heating method of the hollow blade shaft 12 and the hollow blade 14, so that the drying effect of the waste is better, and the subsequent incineration of the waste is convenient.
  • a guide tube 40 is provided in the cavity, preferably the guide tube 40 is an H-shaped structure, and both sides of the guide tube 40 are sealedly connected to the kiln head cover 15 or the kiln tail cover 16 through a sealing ring 90 .
  • the guide cylinder 40 is fixedly connected with the kiln head cover 15 or the kiln tail cover 16 .
  • the guide tube 40 divides the cavity into a third cavity 31 and a fourth cavity 32 located inside the third cavity 31 .
  • a plurality of first through holes 41 connecting the third cavity 31 and the fourth cavity 32 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the guide cylinder 40 , and a plurality of first through holes 41 connecting the fourth cavity 32 and the first jacket are opened on the cylinder 13 .
  • 133 is connected to the second through hole 134 .
  • the heat medium enters the cavity located at the kiln tail cover 16 from the heat medium inlet 162 , spreads to the entire third cavity 31 , passes through the first through hole 41 on the guide cylinder 40 , and further spreads to the fourth cavity 32 , and then pass through the second through hole 134 on the first jacket 133 located at the kiln tail cover 16 , and finally enter the first jacket 133 to conduct heat exchange with the material in the cylinder 13 .
  • the heat medium that has completed the heat exchange passes through the opposite path, and finally flows out from the heat medium outlet 152 on the kiln head cover 15 .
  • the guide tube 40 plays a guiding role in the flow of the heat medium. After being guided by the guide tube 40, the heat medium will spread to the third cavity 31 and the fourth cavity 32 evenly, so that the speed of the heat medium entering and leaving the first jacket 133 Smoother and thus more uniform drying of the waste.
  • the cylinder body 13 is rotatably connected with the kiln head cover 15 and the kiln tail cover 16 .
  • the first bracket 11 is provided with a support assembly 50 and a driving device 60 .
  • the support assembly 50 is used to support the cylinder 13
  • the driving device 60 is used to drive the cylinder 13 to rotate.
  • the bearing assembly 50 includes a rolling ring 51 and a supporting roller 52 .
  • the rolling ring 51 is sleeved on the periphery of the cylindrical body 13 and is fixedly connected with the cylindrical body 13
  • the idler 52 is provided on the first bracket 11 and is in rolling contact with the rolling ring 51 .
  • the idler 52 and the rolling ring 51 are in rolling contact and will not affect the rotation of the cylinder 13 .
  • the driving device 60 includes a third motor 63 arranged on the first bracket 11, a gear sleeved on the output shaft of the third motor 63, and a ring gear sleeved on the cylinder body 13.
  • the transmission action of the three motors 63 and the gear ring drives the cylindrical body 13 to rotate slowly, thereby turning the waste in the cylindrical body 13 to make it more fully dried and incinerated.
  • the driving device 60 includes a fixing frame 61 , a shifting pin 62 , a third motor 63 , a shifting fork blade 64 and a shifting fork 65 .
  • the fixing frame 61 is sleeved on the cylinder body 13 , and a plurality of dial pins 62 are evenly distributed on the fixing frame 61 along the circumferential direction of the fixing frame 61 , and are all detachably connected with the fixing frame 61 .
  • a groove 66 is formed between the fixing frame 61 and two adjacent shifting pins 62 , the third motor 63 is fixedly connected to one end of the shifting fork 65 , and the shifting fork blade 64 is detachably connected to the other end of the shifting fork 65 .
  • the fork blade 64 can be inserted into and disengaged from the groove 66 .
  • the cylinder 13 When the shift fork 65 is inserted into the groove 66, the cylinder 13 is driven to rotate by the fixing frame 61.
  • the shift fork 65 continues to rotate under the action of the third motor 63, leaves the groove 66, and continues to insert into the next groove 66 after one turn.
  • the cylindrical body 13 is driven to rotate continuously. If the shifting pin 62 and the shifting fork blade 64 are damaged, the user can remove and replace them in time, which is convenient for use.
  • the fixing frame is provided with an anti-reverse mechanism 120 for preventing the cylinder body 13 from being reversed.
  • the anti-reverse mechanism 120 includes a base 121 , a stopper 122 and a first spring 123 .
  • the base 121 is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame and is located below the cylindrical body 13 .
  • the lower end of the stopper 122 is slidably connected to the base 121 in the longitudinal direction, and the upper end of the stopper 122 has an inclined surface 124 .
  • Both ends of the first spring 123 are connected to the base 121 and the stopper 122 respectively.
  • the purpose of disposing the anti-reverse mechanism 120 is to prevent the cylinder 13 from being reversed during the interval when the shifting fork 65 does not drive the shifting pin 62 to rotate the cylinder 13 .
  • the above-mentioned anti-reverse mechanism 120 has a simple structure.
  • a pin sleeve 621 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the dial pin 62 , the pin sleeve 621 is rotatably connected with the dial pin 62 , and the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 621 has a ring-shaped and The number of the first accommodating groove 623 coaxial with the pin sleeve 621 is at least one.
  • the first accommodating groove 623 is sleeved with a shock-absorbing pad 622, and the shock-absorbing pad 622 is preferably made of rubber.
  • the bottom of the first accommodating groove 623 is provided with a plurality of second accommodating grooves 626 along the circumferential direction.
  • the second accommodating grooves 626 are provided with a second spring 625 and a pushing member 624. Both ends are respectively in contact with the bottom of the second accommodating groove 626 and one end of the pushing member 624 , the pushing member 624 is slidably connected with the second accommodating groove 626 , and the other end of the pushing member 624 is slidably connected. One end protrudes out of the second accommodating groove 626 and is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the shock-absorbing pad 622;
  • the portion of the shock-absorbing pad 622 that is in contact with the pusher 624 protrudes out of the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 621 .
  • the pushing member 624 is moved into the second accommodating groove 626 , the part of the shock absorbing pad 622 abutting against the shifting fork 65 is completely accommodated in the first accommodating groove 623 .
  • the pusher 624 in a natural state, since the second spring 625 pushes the pusher 624 to the outside of the second accommodating groove 626, the pusher 624 also pushes the shock-absorbing pad 622 outward, thereby making the shock-absorbing pad 622 The part pushed up by the pushing member 624 protrudes out of the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 621 .
  • the rotating fork 65 first abuts the part of the shock absorbing pad 622 that protrudes out of the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 621, thus avoiding the contact between the fork 65 and the pin sleeve 621, thereby reducing the contact process noise and vibration generated in the And since the fork 65 is in contact with the above-mentioned part of the shock-absorbing pad 622 protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the pin sleeve 621, the pusher 624 moves toward the groove bottom direction of the second accommodating groove 626, so that the shock-absorbing pad 622 gradually moves. Move it into the first accommodating groove 623 until the part in contact with the shifting fork 65 is completely located in the first accommodating groove 623 .
  • the shift fork 65 is in rolling contact with the pin sleeve 621 , and the pin sleeve 621 is rotatably connected with the shift pin 62 , thereby avoiding the wear of the shift pin 62 and the wear of the shock pad 622 .
  • a scraper 141 is provided at one end of the hollow blade 14 away from the hollow blade shaft 12 .
  • a copy plate 135 and a ball chain 136 are installed on the inner wall of the cylinder body 13 in the incineration section 132 along the circumferential direction.
  • the design of the copying plate 135 is convenient for stirring and dispersing the waste in the incineration section 132, so as to promote the incineration of the waste.
  • the ball chain 136 rotates to the top, it sags under the action of gravity, and the free end of the sagging chain hits the inner wall of the incineration section 132 of the cylinder 13, so that the waste adhering to the inner wall of the cylinder falls off and further promotes the incineration of the waste. .
  • a plurality of water filtering holes are distributed on the helical blade 214 .
  • the helical vanes 214 located above the slag opening 212 and the helical vanes 214 located below the slag opening 212 have opposite helical directions.
  • the reverse spiral design prevents the residue from accumulating at the slag outlet 212, which facilitates the collection of the residue.
  • a second bracket 70 is also included.
  • the second motor 22 is disposed on the second bracket 70 in the transverse direction, and is connected to the upper end of the feeding shaft 213 in the screw feeder 21 through the universal mechanism 80 .
  • the universal mechanism 80 is preferably a universal joint, and the universal mechanism 80 enables the second motor 22 to be horizontally installed on the second bracket 70, which is convenient for the manufacture and installation of the manufacturer.
  • the waste heat recovery device is specifically: a second jacket 215 is provided on the outer wall of the casing of the screw feeder 21 . One end of the second jacket 215 is communicated with the air pump, and the other end is communicated with the inside of the kiln tail cover 16 .
  • the air pressurized by the air pump enters the second jacket 215, exchanges heat with the residue in the screw feeder 21, and the air that obtains heat enters the cylinder 13 through the kiln tail cover 16, thereby promoting the drying and combustion of the waste.
  • the waste heat recovery device recycles the waste heat of the residue and saves energy.

Abstract

一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统。该系统包括焚烧装置（10）和残渣处理装置（20）；焚烧装置（10）包括第一支架（11）、空心桨叶轴（12）、筒体（13）、空心桨叶（14）、窑头罩（15）、窑尾罩（16）、旋转接头（17）和第一电机（18）；残渣处理装置（20）包括螺旋送料机（21）和第二电机（22）。该焚烧处理系统，筒体（13）上的干燥段对废弃物进行干燥处理，筒体（13）上的焚烧段对干燥处理后的废弃物进行焚烧处理，废弃物焚烧后的残渣从出料口（161）进入螺旋送料机（21）下端的储水槽（211）内，残渣与水接触避免了扬尘的产生，与水接触的残渣经过螺旋送料机（21）的向上传递后再从出渣口（212）排出，改善了工作环境。

Description

一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及废弃物处理技术领域，具体涉及一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统。
背景技术
许多废弃物在自然环境下不易降解，填埋处理会占用大量的土地。并且废弃物内含有的有毒物质进入土地会对土地造成很大危害，甚至导致土地无法耕作。目前，对废弃物进行焚烧处理是应用最广的方式。
废弃物由各种垃圾堆积而成，通常含有较多水分，现有的焚烧系统在焚烧前没有对废弃物进行干燥处理，并且焚烧后也没有对残渣进行较好处理。缺乏干燥处理导致废弃物焚烧困难，缺乏对残渣的较好处理会产生扬尘，导致工作环境变得比较恶劣。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，能在焚烧前对废弃物进行干燥处理，并在焚烧后对残渣进行吸附处理，使废弃物更容易焚烧，同时改善工作环境。
为了实现上述目的，本发明通过如下的技术方案来实现：一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，包括焚烧装置和残渣处理装置； 所述焚烧装置包括第一支架、空心桨叶轴、筒体、空心桨叶、窑头罩、窑尾罩、旋转接头和第一电机，所述空心桨叶轴倾斜设置在所述第一支架上，所述空心桨叶轴内部具有沿轴线方向延伸的第一腔体和位于所述第一腔体外围的第二腔体，所述筒体沿所述空心桨叶轴的延伸方向套设在所述空心桨叶轴的外侧，所述筒体包括干燥段和位于所述干燥段下方的焚烧段，多个所述空心桨叶间隔设置在位于所述干燥段内的所述空心桨叶轴上，所述空心桨叶与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第二腔体通过第一管道连通、且还与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第一腔体通过第二管道连通，所述窑头罩套设在所述筒体的靠近所述干燥段的一端，所述窑头罩上具有与所述筒体内部连通的进料口，所述窑尾罩内设置有点火器，所述窑尾罩套设在所述筒体的靠近所述焚烧段的一端，所述窑尾罩上具有与所述筒体内部连通的出料口，所述旋转接头设置在所述空心桨叶轴的一端、且通过轴承座与所述第一支架连接，所述第一电机设置在所述第一支架上、用于驱动所述空心桨叶轴转动；所述残渣处理装置包括螺旋送料机和第二电机，所述螺旋送料机倾斜设置，所述螺旋送料机的下端位于所述窑尾罩的下方且与所述窑尾罩上的所述出料口连通，所述螺旋送料机的下端具有储水槽、上端具有出渣口，所述第二电机用于控制所述螺旋送料机内的送料轴转动，所述送料轴沿延伸方向设置有螺旋叶片。
进一步地，所述筒体的内部具有用于容纳热介质的第一夹套，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩均与所述筒体密封连接，所述窑头罩和所 述窑尾罩的内部都形成环形的空腔，所述窑头罩上具有与所述第一夹套连通的热介质出口，所述窑尾罩上具有与所述第一夹套连通的热介质进口，所述热介质进口和所述热介质出口均通过所述空腔与所述第一夹套连通。
进一步地，所述空腔内设置有导流筒，所述导流筒与所述窑头罩或所述窑尾罩固定连接，所述导流筒将所述空腔分隔为第三腔体和位于所述第三腔体内侧的第四腔体，所述导流筒上沿周向均布有多个将所述第三腔体和所述第四腔体连通的第一通孔，所述筒体上开有多个将所述第四腔体和所述第一夹套连通的第二通孔。
进一步地，所述筒体与所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩转动连接，所述第一支架上设置有支座组件和驱动装置，所述支座组件用于支撑所述筒体，所述驱动装置用于驱动所述筒体旋转。
进一步地，所述驱动装置包括固定架、拨销、第三电机、拨叉刃和拨叉，所述固定架套设在所述筒体上，多个所述拨销沿所述固定架的周向均布在所述固定架上、且均与所述固定架可拆卸连接，所述固定架和相邻的两个所述拨销之间形成有凹槽，所述第三电机与所述拨叉的一端固定连接，所述拨叉刃与所述拨叉的另一端可拆卸连接，所述拨叉刃可插入和脱离所述凹槽。
进一步地，所述空心桨叶上的远离所述空心桨叶轴的一端设置有刮板，位于焚烧段的所述筒体的内壁上沿周向设置有抄板和球链，所述抄板与所述筒体固定连接，所述球链与所述筒体铰接。
进一步地，所述螺旋叶片上分布有多个滤水孔。
进一步地，位于所述出渣口上方的螺旋叶片和位于所述出渣口下方的螺旋叶片的旋向相反。
进一步地，还包括第二支架，所述第二电机设置在所述第二支架上、且通过万向机构与所述螺旋送料机内的送料轴的上端连接。
进一步地，所述螺旋送料机的外壳的外壁上设置有第二夹套，所述第二夹套的一端与空气泵连通、另一端与窑尾罩的内部连通。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，筒体上的干燥段对废弃物进行干燥处理，筒体上的焚烧段对干燥处理后的废弃物进行焚烧处理。废弃物焚烧后的残渣从出料口进入螺旋送料机下端的储水槽内，残渣与水接触避免了扬尘的产生，与水接触的残渣经过螺旋送料机的向上传递后再从出渣口排出，改善了工作环境。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的剖面结构示意图；
图3为焚烧装置的结构示意图；
图4为残渣处理装置的结构示意图；
图5为图1中A部的放大示意图；
图6为图3中B部的放大示意图；
图7为图2中C-C的剖面结构示意图；
图8为图7中D部的放大示意图；
图9为导流筒的结构示意图；
图10为筒体的焚烧段的内部结构示意图；
图11为空心桨叶轴的结构示意图；
图12为驱动装置的结构示意图；
图13为拨叉的剖面结构示意图。
附图标记：10-焚烧装置、11-第一支架、12-空心桨叶轴、121-第一腔体、122-第二腔体、13-筒体、131-干燥段、132-焚烧段、133-第一夹套、134-第二通孔、135-抄板、136-球链、14-空心桨叶、141-刮板、15-窑头罩、151-进料口、152-热介质出口、16-窑尾罩、161-出料口、162-热介质进口、163-点火器、17-旋转接头、18-第一电机、20-残渣处理装置、21-螺旋送料机、211-储水槽、212-出渣口、213-送料轴、214-螺旋叶片、215-第二夹套、22-第二电机、31-第三腔体、32-第四腔体、40-导流筒、41-第一通孔、50-支座组件、51-滚圈、52-托轮、60-驱动装置、61-固定架、62-拨销、621-销套、622-减震垫、623-第一容置槽、624-推动件、625-第二弹簧、626-第二容置槽、63-第三电机、64-拨叉刃、65-拨叉、66-凹槽、70-第二支架、80-万向机构、90-密封圈、100-第一管道、110-第二管道、120-防逆转机构、121-基座、122-止动件、123-第一弹簧、124-倾斜面。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“纵”、“横”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“上”、“下”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
如图1-13所示，本发明提供一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，包括焚烧装置10和残渣处理装置20。
焚烧装置10包括第一支架11、空心桨叶轴12、筒体13、空心桨叶14、窑头罩15、窑尾罩16、旋转接头17和第一电机18。空心 桨叶轴12倾斜设置在第一支架11上，空心桨叶轴12的内部具有沿轴线方向延伸的第一腔体121位于第一腔体121外围的第二腔体122。筒体13沿空心桨叶轴12的延伸方向套设在空心桨叶轴12的外侧。筒体13包括干燥段131和焚烧段132，焚烧段132位于干燥段131的下方。
多个空心桨叶14间隔设置在位于干燥段131的空心桨叶轴12上。空心桨叶14与对应的空心桨叶轴12内部的第二腔体122通过第一管道100连通、且还与对应的空心桨叶轴12内部的第一腔体121通过第二管道110连通。增压后的热介质从上述一端的热介质旋转接头17进入空心桨叶轴12内的第二腔体122内，并通过第一管路100逐步流向空心桨叶14，然后通过第二管路110回流至第一腔体121内，最后再从旋转接头16排出。这样实现了从内部对废弃物进行内加热。
窑头罩15套设在筒体13的靠近干燥段131的一端，窑头罩15上具有与筒体13内部连通的进料口151。窑尾罩16内设置有点火器163，窑尾罩16套设在筒体13的靠近焚烧段132的一端，窑尾罩16上具有与筒体13内部连通的出料口161。旋转接头17设置在空心桨叶轴12的一端、且通过轴承座与第一支架11转动连接。第一电机18设置在第一支架11上，通过齿轮组的传动驱动空心桨叶轴12转动。
残渣处理装置20包括螺旋送料机21和第二电机22。螺旋送料机21倾斜设置，螺旋送料机21的下端位于窑尾罩16的下方且与窑 尾罩16上的出料口161连通，螺旋送料机21的下端具有储水槽211、上端具有出渣口212。第二电机22用于控制螺旋送料机21内的送料轴213转动，送料轴213沿延伸方向设置有螺旋叶片214。
从窑尾罩16的出料口161落出的残渣从出料口161进入螺旋送料机21的下端，并与储水槽211内的水混合。储水槽211的设计避免了残渣在落出时产生扬尘，改善了工作环境。残渣与水混合后，在送料轴213和螺旋叶片214的旋转作用下，残渣向上移动，残渣粘附的水分从螺旋叶片214与壳体的间隙回流至储水槽211，残渣移动至螺旋送料机21上端时，便从出渣口212落出。
余热回收装置将螺旋送料机21内残渣的余热通过窑尾罩16送入筒体13，促进筒体13内废弃物的干燥和燃烧。干燥后的废弃物进入焚烧段132内，在窑尾罩16内的点火器163的点火作用下进行焚烧，废弃物焚烧后的残渣在重力作用下从出料口161落出。
在一个实施例中，筒体13的内部具有用于容纳热介质的第一夹套133。窑头罩15和窑尾罩16均与筒体13密封连接。窑头罩15和窑尾罩16的内部都形成环形的空腔，窑头罩15上具有与第一夹套133连通的热介质出口152，窑尾罩16上具有与第一夹套133连通的热介质进口162。热介质进口162和热介质出口152均通过空腔与第一夹套133连通。
经过增压设备，优选增压设备为压力泵，增压后的热介质从窑尾罩16的热介质进口162进入筒体13的第一夹套133内，并向窑头罩15方向运动。进入第一夹套133的热介质首先经过焚烧段132， 焚烧段132内废弃物的焚烧进一步为第一夹套133内的热介质增加了热量。之后热介质进入干燥段131，与干燥段131内的废弃物交换热量，从而以外加热的方式对干燥段131内的废弃物进行干燥。第一夹套133的外加热方式与空心桨叶轴12和空心桨叶14的内加热方式结合，使得废弃物的干燥效果更好，便于后续对废弃物的焚烧。
在一个实施例中，空腔内设置有导流筒40，优选导流筒40为H型结构，导流筒40的两侧通过密封圈90与窑头罩15或窑尾罩16密封连接。导流筒40与窑头罩15或窑尾罩16固定连接。导流筒40将空腔分隔为第三腔体31和位于第三腔体31内侧的第四腔体32。导流筒40上沿周向均布有多个将第三腔体31和第四腔体32连通的第一通孔41，筒体13上开有多个将第四腔体32和第一夹套133连通的第二通孔134。
热介质从热介质进口162进入位于窑尾罩16处的空腔内，并扩散至整个第三腔体31，经过导流筒40上的第一通孔41、进一步扩散至第四腔体32，再经过位于窑尾罩16处的第一夹套133上的第二通孔134，最后进入第一夹套133内，从而与筒体13内的物料进行热交换。完成热交换的热介质经过相反的路径，最后从窑头罩15上的热介质出口152流出。导流筒40对热介质的流动起导向作用，热介质经过导流筒40导向后会均匀地扩散至第三腔体31和第四腔体32，使热介质进出第一夹套133的速率更加平稳，从而对废弃物的干燥更加均匀。
在一个实施例中，筒体13与窑头罩15和窑尾罩16转动连接。 第一支架11上设置有支座组件50和驱动装置60，支座组件50用于支撑筒体13，驱动装置60用于驱动筒体13旋转。
支座组件50包括滚圈51和托轮52。滚圈51套设在筒体13的外围、且与筒体13固定连接，托轮52设置在第一支架11上、且与滚圈51滚动接触。托轮52和滚圈51滚动接触，不会影响筒体13的旋转。
驱动装置60包括设置在第一支架11上的第三电机63、套设在第三电机63输出轴上的齿轮和套设在筒体13上的齿圈，齿轮与齿圈的啮合，通过第三电机63和齿轮齿圈的传递作用带动筒体13缓慢旋转，从而翻动筒体13内的废弃物，使其干燥和焚烧地更加充分。
在一个实施例中，驱动装置60包括固定架61、拨销62、第三电机63、拨叉刃64和拨叉65。固定架61套设在筒体13上，多个拨销62沿固定架61的周向均布在固定架61上、且均与固定架61可拆卸连接。固定架61和相邻的两个拨销62之间形成有凹槽66，第三电机63与拨叉65的一端固定连接，拨叉刃64与拨叉65的另一端可拆卸连接。拨叉刃64可插入和脱离凹槽66。
拨叉65插入凹槽66时通过固定架61带动筒体13旋转，拨叉65在第三电机63的作用下继续旋转，离开凹槽66，转过一圈后继续插入下一个凹槽66，从而带动筒体13连续旋转。如果拨销62和拨叉刃64损坏，用户可及时卸下更换，方便使用。
在一个实施例中，所述固定架上设置有用于防止所述筒体13逆转的防逆转机构120，所述防逆转机构120包括基座121、止动件122 和第一弹簧123。
基座121固定安装在所述固定架上，且位于所述筒体13的下方。
止动件122的下端在纵向方向上与所述基座121滑动连接，止动件122的上端具有一倾斜面124。
第一弹簧123，两端分别与所述基座121和所述止动件122连接。
在自然状态下，当所述拨销62与所述倾斜面124未接触时，由于第一弹簧123的作用，所述止动件122位于两个相邻的所述拨销62之间。
当所述筒体13正向转动时，所述拨销62可从所述止动件122上的所述倾斜面124上滑动通过；
当所述筒体13逆向转动时，所述拨销62受到所述止动件12282的阻挡。
设置防逆转机构120的目的是，在拨叉65未驱动拨销62、以使筒体13转动的间隔时间内，可以防止筒体13逆转。且上述防逆转机构120，结构简单。
在一个实施例中，所述拨销62的外周面上套设有销套621，所述销套621与所述拨销62转动连接，所述销套621的外周面上开有成环形且与所述销套621同轴的第一容置槽623，第一容置槽623的数量至少为一个。所述第一容置槽623内套设有减震垫622，减震垫622优选为橡胶材质。所述第一容置槽623的槽底沿周向开有多个第二容置槽626，所述第二容置槽626内设置有第二弹簧625和推动件624，所述第二弹簧625的两端分别与所述第二容置槽626的槽 底和所述推动件624的一端抵接，所述推动件624与所述第二容置槽626滑动连接，所述推动件624的另一端伸出至所述第二容置槽626外、且与所述减震垫622的内周面抵接；
自然状态下，所述减震垫622的与所述推动件624相抵触的部位凸出于所述销套621的外周面外，当所述拨叉65与所述减震垫622抵接、且使所述推动件624向所述第二容置槽626内移动时，所述减震垫622的与所述拨叉65相抵接的部位完全容纳于所述第一容置槽623内。
在本实施例中，自然状态下，由于第二弹簧625将推动件624向第二容置槽626外顶，从而推动件624也将减震垫622向外顶起，进而使减震垫622的被推动件624所顶起的部位凸出于销套621的外周面外。由于上述设置，转动的拨叉65先与减震垫622的凸出于销套621的外周面外的部分抵接，这样避免了拨叉65之间与销套621接触，从而降低了接触过程中产生的噪音和震动。且由于拨叉65与减震垫622上的上述凸出于销套621的外周面外的部分接触后，推动件624向第二容置槽626的槽底方向移动，从而减震垫622逐渐移动到第一容置槽623内，直到与拨叉65接触的部位完全位于第一容置槽623内。然后拨叉65与销套621滚动接触，销套621与拨销62转动连接，从而既避免了拨销62的磨损，又避免了减震垫622的磨损。
在一个实施例中，空心桨叶14上的远离空心桨叶轴12的一端设置有刮板141。位于焚烧段132的筒体13的内壁上沿周向安装有 抄板135和球链136，抄板135与筒体13固定连接，球链136与筒体13铰接。抄板135的设计方便搅拌和打散焚烧段132内的废弃物，促进废弃物的焚烧。球链136转动到顶端时，在重力的作用下下垂，下垂链条的自由端敲打筒体13焚烧段132的内壁，从而使粘附在筒体内壁上的废弃物脱落，进一步促进废弃物的焚烧。
在一个实施例中，螺旋叶片214上分布有多个滤水孔。便于残渣在送料轴213和螺旋叶片214的作用下向上移动时，其粘附的水分回流至储水槽211。
在一个实施例中，位于出渣口212上方的螺旋叶片214和位于出渣口212下方的螺旋叶片214的螺旋方向相反。反螺旋设计使得残渣不会在出渣口212堆积，便于收集残渣。
在一个实施例中，还包括第二支架70。第二电机22沿横向设置在第二支架70上、且通过万向机构80与螺旋送料机21内的送料轴213的上端连接。万向机构80优选为万向结，万向机构80使得第二电机22能够水平安装在第二支架70上，便于厂商的生产和安装。
在一个实施例中，余热回收装置具体为：螺旋送料机21的外壳的外壁上设置有第二夹套215。第二夹套215的一端与空气泵连通、另一端与窑尾罩16的内部连通。经过空气泵增压的空气进入第二夹套215内，与螺旋送料机21内的残渣交换热量，获得热量的空气通过窑尾罩16进入筒体13内，从而促进废弃物的干燥和燃烧。余热回收装置回收利用了残渣的余热，节省了能源。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优 点，对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：包括焚烧装置和残渣处理装置；
    所述焚烧装置包括第一支架、空心桨叶轴、筒体、空心桨叶、窑头罩、窑尾罩、旋转接头和第一电机，所述空心桨叶轴倾斜设置在所述第一支架上，所述空心桨叶轴内部具有沿轴线方向延伸的第一腔体和位于所述第一腔体外围的第二腔体，所述筒体沿所述空心桨叶轴的延伸方向套设在所述空心桨叶轴的外侧，所述筒体包括干燥段和位于所述干燥段下方的焚烧段，多个所述空心桨叶间隔设置在位于所述干燥段内的所述空心桨叶轴上，所述空心桨叶与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第二腔体通过第一管道连通、且还与对应的所述空心桨叶轴内部的所述第一腔体通过第二管道连通，所述窑头罩套设在所述筒体的靠近所述干燥段的一端，所述窑头罩上具有与所述筒体内部连通的进料口，所述窑尾罩内设置有点火器，所述窑尾罩套设在所述筒体的靠近所述焚烧段的一端，所述窑尾罩上具有与所述筒体内部连通的出料口，所述旋转接头设置在所述空心桨叶轴的一端、且通过轴承座与所述第一支架连接，所述第一电机设置在所述第一支架上、用于驱动所述空心桨叶轴转动；
    所述残渣处理装置包括螺旋送料机和第二电机，所述螺旋送料机倾斜设置，所述螺旋送料机的下端位于所述窑尾罩的下方且与所述窑尾罩上的所述出料口连通，所述螺旋送料机的下端具有储水槽、上端具有出渣口，所述第二电机用于控制所述螺旋送料机内的送料轴转动，所述送料轴沿延伸方向设置有螺旋叶片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述筒体的内部具有用于容纳热介质的第一夹套，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩均与所述筒体密封连接，所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩的内部都形成环形的空腔，所述窑头罩上具有与所述第一夹套连通的热介质出口，所述窑尾罩上具有与所述第一夹套连通的热介质进口，所述热介质进口和所述热介质出口均通过所述空腔与所述第一夹套连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述空腔内设置有导流筒，所述导流筒与所述窑头罩或所述窑尾罩固定连接，所述导流筒将所述空腔分隔为第三腔体和位于所述第三腔体内侧的第四腔体，所述导流筒上沿周向均布有多个将所述第三腔体和所述第四腔体连通的第一通孔，所述筒体上开有多个将所述第四腔体和所述第一夹套连通的第二通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述筒体与所述窑头罩和所述窑尾罩转动连接，所述第一支架上设置有支座组件和驱动装置，所述支座组件用于支撑所述筒体，所述驱动装置用于驱动所述筒体旋转。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述驱动装置包括固定架、拨销、第三电机、拨叉刃和拨叉，所述固定架套设在所述筒体上，多个所述拨销沿所述固定架的周向均布在所述固定架上、且均与所述固定架可拆卸连接，所述固定架和相邻的两个所述拨销之间形成有凹槽，所述第三电机 与所述拨叉的一端固定连接，所述拨叉刃与所述拨叉的另一端可拆卸连接，所述拨叉刃可插入和脱离所述凹槽。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述空心桨叶上的远离所述空心桨叶轴的一端设置有刮板，位于焚烧段的所述筒体的内壁上沿周向设置有抄板和球链，所述抄板与所述筒体固定连接，所述球链与所述筒体铰接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述螺旋叶片上分布有多个滤水孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：位于所述出渣口上方的螺旋叶片和位于所述出渣口下方的螺旋叶片的旋向相反。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：还包括第二支架，所述第二电机设置在所述第二支架上、且通过万向机构与所述螺旋送料机内的送料轴的上端连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种两段式废弃物干燥与焚烧处理系统，其特征在于：所述螺旋送料机的外壳的外壁上设置有第二夹套，所述第二夹套的一端与空气泵连通、另一端与窑尾罩的内部连通。
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