WO2022019697A1 - 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법 - Google Patents
실리카 에어로겔 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022019697A1 WO2022019697A1 PCT/KR2021/009533 KR2021009533W WO2022019697A1 WO 2022019697 A1 WO2022019697 A1 WO 2022019697A1 KR 2021009533 W KR2021009533 W KR 2021009533W WO 2022019697 A1 WO2022019697 A1 WO 2022019697A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- washing solvent
- silica airgel
- washing
- wet gel
- silica
- Prior art date
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000352 supercritical drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 monopropanolamine Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KQIXMZWXFFHRAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxybutylamino)butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CNCC(O)CC KQIXMZWXFFHRAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCNCCO MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylethanolamine Chemical compound CNCCO OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbonate Chemical compound N.N.OC(O)=O PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- AAPLIUHOKVUFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilanol Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O AAPLIUHOKVUFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZQUQJKDRXCFLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-yloxysilane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)O[SiH3] VZQUQJKDRXCFLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXBLAGDSLLXFQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-methoxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OC QXBLAGDSLLXFQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
- C01B33/1585—Dehydration into aerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/152—Preparation of hydrogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/159—Coating or hydrophobisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a silica airgel, and more particularly, to a method for producing a silica airgel capable of effectively washing the airgel during a silica airgel production process.
- Airgel is a highly porous material composed of nanoparticles, and has a high porosity, specific surface area, and low thermal conductivity. Since these airgels have very low mechanical strength due to their porous structure, airgel composites in which airgel is impregnated and bonded to fibrous blankets such as inorganic or organic fibers, which are conventional insulating fibers, are being developed.
- a silica airgel-containing blanket using silica airgel it is prepared through a silica sol preparation step, a gelation step, an aging step, a surface modification step, and a drying step.
- the prior art is the NH 3 generated while using a small amount of NH 4 OH in the fermentation step, to use the Hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS) as a surface modifier wherein HMDS is digested with Trimethyl Silanol (TMS) or Trimethyl Ethoxy Silanol (TMES) do.
- HMDS Hexamethyl disilazane
- TMS Trimethyl Silanol
- TMES Trimethyl Ethoxy Silanol
- NH 4 OH or NH 3 reacts with carbon dioxide used as an extraction solvent during supercritical drying to form an ammonium carbonate salt, which is precipitated when the temperature is lowered to form a solid powder. This can cause problems such as clogging of valves.
- the additional removal process can be omitted, and the problem caused by the ammonia smell can be solved.
- the process of removing ammonia through washing is accomplished through diffusion from the airgel to the washing tank, and in order to increase the diffusion rate, a method of increasing the temperature of the washing tank or lowering the concentration of the washing tank to increase the concentration difference may be used.
- the ammonia in the washing tank is removed with a small amount of washing water by increasing the amount of washing water used or by discharging the washing water in the gas phase to increase the ammonia content in the discharge stream.
- the temperature cannot be raised above the boiling point of the washing solvent at normal pressure, there is a limit to increasing the diffusion rate by increasing the temperature. There is a problem that results in an increase in the energy used for
- the cleaning time cannot be increased beyond a certain level, and a more efficient cleaning method is required to achieve a desired level of ammonia removal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a silica airgel capable of effectively removing impurities from the airgel by increasing the diffusion rate from the airgel to the washing tank during washing.
- the present invention comprises the steps of (1) preparing a wet gel composite; (2) washing the wet gel complex prepared above with a washing solvent; and (3) drying the washed wet gel composite, wherein impurities are removed from the wet gel composite in step (2), and the washing solvent is heated to a temperature above the boiling point (bp).
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the silica airgel manufacturing method of the present invention can effectively remove impurities from the wet gel complex by increasing the diffusion rate of the washing solvent from the airgel to the washing tank by performing washing using a washing solvent heated above the boiling point at normal pressure.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of a filter and a housing inside the supercritical dryer used in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of a filter and a housing inside the supercritical dryer used in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of a filter and a housing inside the supercritical dryer used in Comparative Example 1.
- Silica airgel which is widely used as a thermal insulator in construction or industrial sites, absorbs water in the air due to the hydrophilicity of silanol groups (Si-OH) on the silica surface when the surface is not hydrophobized, and the thermal conductivity gradually increases. Since pore collapse is deepened in the process, it is difficult to expect a spring back phenomenon, so it is difficult to manufacture an ultra-insulating product having mesopores.
- silica airgel is prepared through a silica sol preparation step, a gelation step, an aging step, a surface modification step and a drying step.
- a base catalyst may be used in the silica sol gelation step, the aging step, and all of these steps, and in this case, the cation of the base catalyst used may be reacted with carbon dioxide in the subsequent drying step to form carbonate.
- the surface modifier used in the surface modification step forms ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) in the hydrophobization process of the silica airgel surface, and the formed ammonium ions react with carbon dioxide in the subsequent drying step to form an ammonium carbonate salt. have.
- the ammonium salt formed in this way may clog the piping of the drying equipment, and some will form carbonate in the final silica airgel.
- ammonium hydroxide when used as the base catalyst, the remaining ammonium ions react with carbon dioxide together with ammonium ions formed by decomposition of the surface modifier to form an ammonium carbonate salt.
- the ammonium ions When the prepared silica airgel is dried by supercritical drying, the ammonium ions may react with carbon dioxide in the supercritical drying step to form an ammonium carbonate salt to block the piping of the supercritical drying equipment, and some of the final silica airgel
- the hydrophilic ammonium carbonate salt may be generated to increase the thermal conductivity of the final silica airgel, and may cause moisture adsorption, resulting in increased thermal conductivity and thermal insulation performance.
- ammonia remaining in the supercritical waste liquid may generate a bad odor when the solvent is reused or wastewater treatment, and may cause a problem due to the high pH.
- the silica airgel manufacturing method of the present invention comprises the steps of (1) preparing a wet gel composite; (2) washing the wet gel complex prepared above with a washing solvent; and (3) drying the washed wet gel composite, wherein impurities are removed from the wet gel composite in step (2), and the washing solvent is heated to a temperature above the boiling point (b.p.).
- the silica airgel manufacturing method of the present invention increases the diffusion rate of the washing solvent from the airgel to the washing tank by heating the washing solvent used for washing the prepared wet gel complex to a temperature above the boiling point and adding it to the wet gel complex to be washed. to more effectively remove ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) from the wet gel complex.
- the step of preparing the wet gel composite is not particularly limited, and may include a silica sol production step, an aging step, and a surface modification step, and in an example of the present invention, the wet gel composite is aged silica gel - It may be a fiber composite, and it is not particularly limited if it is a wet gel composite.
- the prepared wet gel complex is placed in a space for washing, for example, a washing tank, and then the washing solvent heated to a temperature above the boiling point is put into the washing tank.
- the washing step may include a process of introducing the washing solvent into the washing tank and then discharging it, thereby removing impurities from the wet gel complex.
- the fact that the washing solvent is heated to a temperature above the boiling point means that the washing solvent is heated to a temperature above the boiling point under the pressure at which the washing process and the washing process are performed.
- the washing solvent heated to a temperature above the boiling point may have a temperature of 80 °C to 200 °C, specifically 80 °C to 150 °C, more specifically 80 °C to 120 °C It may have a temperature have.
- the energy required for heating the washing solvent may be calculated by theoretically obtaining the energy required to raise the temperature of the liquid washing solvent and the energy required to make the washing solvent into a gas phase, and then adding it.
- the energy required for heating the washing solvent calculated as described above may be 1 MJ/m 2 hr to 50 MJ/m 2 hr, specifically 2 MJ/m 2 hr to 30 MJ/m 2 hr, More specifically, it may be 10 MJ/m 2 hr to 30 MJ/m 2 hr.
- the washing solvent applied to the wet gel composite may include a washing solvent that is heated and vaporized.
- the temperature of the washing solvent is too low, the washing solvent is not vaporized to an appropriate degree, and when the temperature of the washing solvent is too high, too much energy may be consumed for heating the washing solvent.
- the silica wet gel can be cleaned while keeping the energy consumption at an appropriate level.
- the waste washing solvent discharged may have a temperature of 30°C to 120°C, specifically 50 to 115°C, more specifically 70 to 110°C It may have a temperature of °C.
- the temperature of the discharged waste washing solvent is too low, the diffusion of the washing solvent does not reach an appropriate level in the washing process, so the removal efficiency of ammonium ions may be insufficient, and when the temperature of the discharged waste washing solvent is too high In the washing process, the wet gel composite may be exposed to high temperature, so the physical properties of the airgel may be changed, and excessive energy may be consumed for washing.
- the washing solvent applied to the wet gel composite may be applied to the wet gel composite in a vaporized gas phase by heating, but the washing solvent applied to the wet gel composite may be in a gaseous and liquid phase depending on heating temperature conditions. It may be a mixed phase.
- the washing solvent included as a gaseous phase among the total washing solvent may be 10 to 90% by weight, specifically 10 to 70% by weight, more specifically 20 to 50% by weight .
- the washing solvent may include ethanol, specifically, a mixture or ethanol containing ethanol and water.
- the washing solvent may be aqueous ethanol containing 85% by volume to 99% by volume of ethanol.
- the volume % is measured when the washing solvent is in a liquid phase, and is a content based on a liquid phase.
- the ethanol Since the ethanol has excellent solubility in CO 2 used as a supercritical solvent in a subsequent supercritical drying process, it may be preferably used as a washing solvent.
- the ethanol has better solubility in CO 2 than other alcohol-based solvents having a large number of carbon atoms, and may exhibit better drying efficiency during supercritical drying.
- the ammonium ion contained in the wet gel complex is ionized in water and may exist in a relatively large amount, when ethanol, which exhibits high solubility in water contained in the wet gel complex, is used as a washing solvent, Ammonium ions can be removed more effectively.
- the ethanol has a low surface tension compared to other alcohol-based solvents having a large number of carbon atoms, so it is possible to minimize the adverse effects of drying such as shrinkage applied to the wet gel composite during supercritical drying of the wet gel composite after the washing step.
- the washing solvent when a mixture containing ethanol and water is used as the washing solvent, is a mixture containing ethanol and water in a gas phase and ethanol and water in a liquid phase depending on the heating temperature range, gaseous It may be a mixture containing ethanol and water contained in the liquid phase, or a mixture containing ethanol and water contained in the gas phase.
- the washing in step (2) may be performed at normal pressure.
- the washing solvent may be heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point at normal pressure.
- the impurities include one or more selected from the group consisting of residues derived from the base catalyst used in the step of preparing the wet gel complex, residues derived from surface modifiers, and silica particles. It could be
- the base catalyst may be a catalyst used in the silica gel gelation process, a catalyst used in the silica gel aging process, or a base catalyst used in the silica gel gelation process and aging process.
- the base catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH), tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAH), tetrabutyl Ammonium hydroxide (TBAH), methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, monoisopropylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, dibutylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, triisopropylamine, tributyl Amine, choline, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, 2-aminoethanol, 2-(ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, N-methyl diethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, diethylaminoethanol, nitrile It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of lotiethanol, 2-(2-aminoe
- the surface modifier may include a silazane-based compound, and specifically, the silazane-based compound may be hexamethyldisilazane.
- the silazane-based compound forms two molecules of an alkoxysilane compound and ammonia through a reaction with an alcohol, and the formed ammonia may remain as an impurity.
- the residue derived from the base catalyst and the residue derived from the surface modifier may include ammonia (NH 3 ), ammonium ions (NH 4 + ), and mixtures thereof.
- the silica fine particles may be silica airgel particles that are removed from the wet gel composite through the removal of step (2) as an impurity generated during the preparation of the wet gel composite.
- washing of the wet gel complex is performed using a washing solvent heated to a temperature above the boiling point, and the washing solvent is a mixture of gaseous, gaseous and liquid vaporized by heating. Since it is a phase, the silica particles that were weakly attached to the wet gel composite and included as impurities can be effectively removed from the wet gel composite by the washing solvent included in the gas phase.
- the flow rate of the washing solvent may be 10 ml/m 2 min to 800 ml/m 2 min, specifically 30 ml/m 2 min to 750 ml/m 2 min, more specifically 40 ml/m 2 min to 700 ml/m 2 min.
- impurities can be effectively removed from the wet gel complex, and in particular, silica particles included in the wet gel complex as impurities can be effectively removed from the wet gel complex.
- the flow rate of the washing solvent is too small, the washing efficiency using the washing solvent is not good, and when the flow rate of the washing solvent is too large, excessive energy is consumed and unnecessary solvent waste may be deepened.
- the amount of the washing solvent used may be adjusted according to the amount of the wet gel complex to be washed.
- the wet gel complex and the washing solvent may have a volume flow ratio of 1:1 to 1:9, and specifically, a volume flow ratio of 1:1 to 1:8.5, More specifically, it may have a volume flow ratio of 1:1 to 1:8.3.
- the volume flow ratio represents the ratio of the volume per hour (L/h) of the washing solvent injected into the washing tank with respect to the volume (L) of the wet gel complex located in the space where the wet gel complex is washed, for example, in the washing tank.
- the step of washing the wet gel complex using the washing solvent of step (2) may be performed for 30 minutes to 200 minutes, specifically, for 60 minutes to 200 minutes.
- washing is effectively performed through an increase in diffusion rate by adding a washing solvent heated to a temperature above the boiling point (bp) at normal pressure to the wet gel complex, so washing heated to a temperature below the boiling point Compared to a conventional method in which washing is performed using a solvent, it is possible to exhibit superior ammonium ion removal efficiency only by consuming a relatively short washing time.
- the drying of the wet gel composite of step (3) may be performed by supercritical drying, atmospheric drying, or both. When both the supercritical drying and atmospheric pressure drying are performed, supercritical drying may be first performed and then atmospheric drying may be additionally performed.
- the supercritical drying may be performed using supercritical carbon dioxide.
- the supercritical carbon dioxide refers to carbon dioxide in a critical state in which a gas and liquid cannot be distinguished because an evaporation process does not occur when the limit of a certain temperature and high pressure, called a supercritical point, is exceeded.
- the molecular density of the supercritical carbon dioxide is close to that of a liquid, but has a property close to a gas due to low viscosity, fast diffusion, high thermal conductivity, high drying efficiency, and shortening of the drying process time.
- a wet gel complex is placed in a supercritical drying reactor, then liquid CO 2 is filled, the solvent inside the wet gel complex is substituted with CO 2 , and then a constant temperature rise rate, specifically 0.1 ° C.
- a pressure above the pressure at which carbon dioxide becomes a supercritical state specifically, a pressure of 100 bar to 150 bar is maintained in the supercritical state of carbon dioxide It may be carried out by a method of holding for a certain period of time, specifically, 20 minutes to 1 hour.
- carbon dioxide becomes a supercritical state at a temperature of 31° C. and a pressure of 73.8 bar, and the carbon dioxide is maintained for 2 hours to 12 hours, specifically 2 hours to 6 hours at a constant temperature and constant pressure at which the carbon dioxide becomes a supercritical state.
- it may be carried out by a method of gradually reducing the pressure.
- the atmospheric drying it may be carried out by a conventional method such as natural drying at a temperature of 70 to 200 °C and atmospheric pressure (1 ⁇ 0.3 atm).
- the method for preparing silica airgel may further include the step of purifying the recovered waste washing solvent by recovering the waste washing solvent after washing the wet gel complex in step (2). .
- Purifying the waste washing solvent recovered in step (2) includes adding the recovered waste washing solvent to a purification column for purification, and reusing the purified washing solvent as the washing solvent in step (2) may include the step of
- the purification process performed through the purification column may be performed at atmospheric pressure.
- the recovered waste washing solvent may be introduced into the purification column in a cooled state through the heat exchanger, and thus, the process of lowering the temperature by cooling through the heat exchanger prior to transferring the recovered waste washing solvent to the purification column can be done additionally.
- the process of cooling the recovered waste washing solvent to a temperature below the boiling point, more specifically, to the boiling point temperature of the washing solvent may be performed.
- TEOS hydrated tetraethyl orthosilicate
- ethanol ethanol
- distilled water distilled water
- TMES tetramethylethoxysilane
- a catalyzed sol was prepared by mixing the prepared silica sol and the gelling catalyst solution in a volume ratio of 1:1.
- the catalyzed sol was impregnated with a glass fiber mat and gelled for 10 minutes. After the completion of gelation, the gelled wet gel blanket was aged in a chamber at 70° C. for 24 hours.
- Hydrous EtOH (91.8% v/v) heated to 90° C. was continuously injected into the aged wet gel blanket at a flow rate of 50 ml/m 2 ⁇ min, and washing was performed for 200 minutes while discharging.
- a silica airgel was prepared by washing and supercritical drying in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the temperature, flow rate, and washing time of the washing solvent were changed as shown in Table 1 below.
- a silica airgel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the washing process was not performed.
- a silica airgel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a silica airgel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the ammonia removal rates of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were calculated according to the following Equation 1 after checking the amount of ammonia contained in the initial silica gel-fiber composite and the amount of ammonia remaining after washing.
- the amount of heat (duty) required to increase the temperature of the washing solvent is obtained by adding the energy required to raise the temperature of the liquid washing solvent and the energy required to make the washing solvent into a gas phase. Calculated.
- Three specimens (125 mm ⁇ 125 mm, less than 10 mm thick) were prepared using the silica airgel of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively, and then the weight of the specimen (W 1 ) was measured.
- the specimen was floated on distilled water at 21 ⁇ 2° C., and a 6.4 mm mesh screen was placed on the specimen and sank down to 127 mm below the water level.
- the moisture impregnation rate was calculated using Equation 2 below.
- Moisture impregnation rate (W 2 -W 1 )/W 1 ⁇ 100
- W 1 is the weight of the specimen before water impregnation
- W 2 is the weight of the specimen after water impregnation
- Equation 3 W c is the weight of the specimen before vibration, and W v is the weight of the specimen after vibration.
- thermal conductivity at room temperature was measured using HFM 436 equipment manufactured by NETZSCH.
- Example 1 90 2.8 50 200 62.3 0.6 3.9 17.1
- Example 2 90 5.0 334 200 63.9 0.4 3.1 16.9
- Example 3 110 17.3 250 120 68.3 0.5 2.8 17.3
- Example 4 110 18.1 334 120 72.7 0.4 2.7 16.8
- Example 5 150 22.8 500 150 68.0 0.3 2.4 16.7
- Example 6 150 24.6 670 60 79.9 0.2 2.0 16.4 Comparative Example 1 - - - - - - - 4.3 6.8 17.5 Comparative Example 2 70 0.4 50 360 45.4 1.2 4.1 16.9 Comparative Example 3 70 4.7 670 240 53.1 1.5 3.5 17.3
- Examples 1 to 6 exhibited remarkably excellent ammonia removal rates with only a short washing time compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and 3 using a washing solvent at a temperature of 70° C. in which separate washing was not performed.
- the silica particles weakly bound to the silica airgel blanket may be scattered through impact and vibration, such as when working using the silica airgel blanket and an object to which the silica airgel blanket is applied.
- the degree of dust generation of the silica airgel blanket can be evaluated through a method of measuring the decrease in weight after vibration is applied to the silica airgel blanket, and as can be seen in Table 1 above, the silica airgel blankets of Examples 1 to 6 vibrated After adding , the weight loss was significantly smaller than that of the silica airgel of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and it was confirmed that the amount of silica particles falling off after vibration and the degree of dust generation due to this were the least.
- the silica airgel of Comparative Example 1 which was not separately washed, had the highest dust generation rate, and the silica airgels of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 had a smaller dust generation rate than the silica airgel of Comparative Example 1. Compared to the silica airgel of Examples 1 to 6, the dust generation rate showed a significantly higher value.
- Example 1 to 3 are pictures of the filter and the housing inside the supercritical dryer used in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 3, respectively. 1 to 3 , it can be seen that, in Comparative Example 1, in which a separate washing process is not performed, a large amount of ammonium salt generated in the supercritical drying process is deposited on the filter and the housing. In contrast, in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 in which the process of removing ammonium ions was performed, the amount of ammonium salt deposited on the filter and housing was remarkably small, and in Example 1, in particular, in Example 1, no ammonium salt deposited on the housing was observed. It can be seen that the results are significantly superior to those of 3.
- the silica airgels of Examples 1 to 6 exhibit a lower moisture impregnation rate compared to the silica airgels of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- hydrophobic modification of the surface of the silica airgel is essential in order to suppress moisture absorption of the silica airgel and maintain low thermal conductivity.
- a hydrophilic material such as an impurity salt is included in the silica airgel even though the silica airgel surface is modified to be hydrophobic and hydrophobic is given, the moisture impregnation rate increases in proportion to the amount.
- the moisture impregnation rate is one of the physical properties that can reflect the durability when silica airgel is used as an insulating material in rain or water. may cause deterioration. Accordingly, when the moisture impregnation rate is high, even if the silica airgel exhibits low thermal conductivity immediately after the production, the thermal conductivity increases with the lapse of time. As such, from the point that the silica airgel of Examples 1 to 6 exhibited a low moisture impregnation rate, it was confirmed that the silica airgel prepared according to the method for preparing a silica airgel of the present invention would exhibit high durability.
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Abstract
Description
온도 (℃) |
가열 열량 (MJ/m2 hr) |
세척용매 유량 (ml/m2 min) |
세척시간 (분) |
암모니아 제거율 (%) |
먼지 발생률 (%) |
수분함침률 (%) |
열전도도 (mW/mK) |
|
실시예 1 | 90 | 2.8 | 50 | 200 | 62.3 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 17.1 |
실시예 2 | 90 | 5.0 | 334 | 200 | 63.9 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 16.9 |
실시예 3 | 110 | 17.3 | 250 | 120 | 68.3 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 17.3 |
실시예 4 | 110 | 18.1 | 334 | 120 | 72.7 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 16.8 |
실시예 5 | 150 | 22.8 | 500 | 150 | 68.0 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 16.7 |
실시예 6 | 150 | 24.6 | 670 | 60 | 79.9 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 16.4 |
비교예 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.3 | 6.8 | 17.5 |
비교예 2 | 70 | 0.4 | 50 | 360 | 45.4 | 1.2 | 4.1 | 16.9 |
비교예 3 | 70 | 4.7 | 670 | 240 | 53.1 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 17.3 |
Claims (17)
- (1) 습윤겔 복합체를 제조하는 단계;(2) 세척 용매로 상기 제조된 습윤겔 복합체를 세척하는 단계; 및(3) 상기 세척된 습윤겔 복합체를 건조하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 (2) 단계에서 습윤겔 복합체로부터 불순물이 제거되며,상기 세척 용매는 끓는점(b.p.) 이상의 온도로 가열된 것인 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 가열된 세척 용매는 80℃ 내지 200℃의 온도를 가지는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세척 용매는 기상 및 액상의 혼합상인 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세척 용매는 에탄올 및 물을 포함하는 혼합물인 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 세척 용매는 85 부피% 내지 99 부피%의 에탄올을 포함하는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 가열된 세척 용매는 80℃ 내지 120℃의 온도를 가지는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 불순물은 상기 습윤겔 복합체를 제조하는 단계에서 사용된 염기 촉매로부터 유래한 잔류물, 표면개질제로부터 유래한 잔류물 및 실리카 미립자로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 염기 촉매는 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨, 수산화암모늄(NH4OH), 테트라메틸암모늄 히드록시드(TMAH), 테트라에틸암모늄 히드록시드(TEAH), 테트라프로필암모늄 히드록시드(TPAH), 테트라부틸암모늄 히드록시드(TBAH), 메틸아민, 에틸아민, 이소프로필아민, 모노이소프로필아민, 디에틸아민, 디이소프로필아민, 디부틸아민, 트리메틸아민, 트리에틸아민, 트리이소프로필아민, 트리부틸아민, 콜린, 모노에탄올아민, 디에탄올아민, 2-아미노에탄올, 2-(에틸 아미노)에탄올, 2-(메틸 아미노)에탄올, N-메틸 디에탄올아민, 디메틸아미노에탄올, 디에틸아미노에탄올, 니트릴로트리에탄올, 2-(2-아미노에톡시)에탄올, 1-아미노-2-프로판올, 트리에탄올아민, 모노프로판올아민, 및 디부탄올아민으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 표면개질제는 실라잔계 화합물을 포함하는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 실리카 미립자는 상기 습윤겔 복합체 제조 과정에서 생성된 불순물로서 상기 단계 (2)의 제거를 통해 상기 습윤겔 복합체로부터 탈락되는 실리카 에어로겔 입자인 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 염기 촉매로부터 유래한 잔류물 및 표면개질제로부터 유래한 잔류물은 암모니아(NH3), 암모늄 이온(NH4 +) 및 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세척 용매의 유량(flowrate)은 10 ml/m2 min 내지 800 ml/m2 min인 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 단계 (2)에서 상기 습윤겔 복합체와 상기 세척 용매는 1:1 내지 1:9의 부피유량비를 가지는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 단계 (2)는 30분 내지 200분 동안 이루어지는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 단계 (3)은 초임계 건조, 상압 건조, 또는 이들 모두에 의해 이루어지는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 단계 (2)에서 회수된 폐 세척 용매를 정제하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
- 제 16 항에 있어서,상기 단계 (2)에서 회수된 폐 세척 용매를 정제하는 단계는,상기 회수된 폐 세척 용매를 정제 컬럼에 투입하여 정제하는 단계, 및 상기 정제된 세척 용매를 상기 단계 (2)의 세척 용매로 재사용하는 단계를 포함하는 실리카 에어로겔 제조방법.
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EP21846323.0A EP4186860A4 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-23 | PROCESS FOR PREPARING SILICA AIRGEL |
CN202180060173.0A CN116133986A (zh) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-23 | 二氧化硅气凝胶的制造方法 |
JP2023504648A JP7499400B2 (ja) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-23 | シリカエアロゲルの製造方法 |
US18/016,527 US20230286811A1 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-23 | Method of manufacturing silica aerogel |
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KR101913507B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-10-30 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 실리카 에어로겔 파우더 제조 방법 및 그에 의해 제조된 실리카 에어로겔 파우더 |
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US20230286811A1 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
KR20220013190A (ko) | 2022-02-04 |
CN116133986A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
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