WO2022018963A1 - 米由来甘味料、米由来甘味料を含む食品及び製造方法 - Google Patents
米由来甘味料、米由来甘味料を含む食品及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022018963A1 WO2022018963A1 PCT/JP2021/020105 JP2021020105W WO2022018963A1 WO 2022018963 A1 WO2022018963 A1 WO 2022018963A1 JP 2021020105 W JP2021020105 W JP 2021020105W WO 2022018963 A1 WO2022018963 A1 WO 2022018963A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
- A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rice-derived sweetener, a food containing a rice-derived sweetener, and a manufacturing method.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a rice-jiuqu sweetener obtained by producing a rice-jiuqu saccharified solution (amazake) and concentrating the filtrate.
- the above-mentioned rice-jiuqu sweetener has a problem that sugar crystallizes during storage.
- the sugar content of the rice jiuqu sweetener is increased by concentration, the sugar content becomes easier to crystallize. Therefore, in order to improve the storage stability of the rice-jiuqu sweetener as a product, it is required to suppress the crystallization of sugar.
- One aspect of the present invention is to realize a rice-derived sweetener in which crystallization is suppressed.
- the rice-derived sweetener contains a rice-derived component, glucose, and at least one of panose, maltotriose and isomaltotriose.
- the glucose content with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener is 4.0% by mass or more and less than 47.2% by mass, and the panose and the maltotriose with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener.
- the total content of the isomaltotriose is more than 1.96% by mass and 16.00% by mass or less.
- the rice-derived sweetener contains a rice-derived component, glucose, and at least one of panose, maltotriose, and isomaltotriose, and the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener.
- the glucose content is 4.0% by mass or more and less than 47.2% by mass, and the total content of the panose, the maltotriose and the isomaltotriose with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener.
- the amount is more than 1.96% by mass and not more than 16.00% by mass.
- panose, maltotriose and isomaltotriose are collectively referred to as "trisaccharide" for the sake of simplicity.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention contains a rice-derived component, it is referred to as a rice-derived sweetener.
- the "rice-derived component” is a component that remains in the sweetener after the saccharification step, the solid-liquid separation step, and the concentration step in the method for producing a rice-derived sweetener described later.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention uses rice bran. It may be one of the raw materials.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention may further contain rice bran-derived components by using rice bran as a raw material.
- the "rice bran-derived component” is a component derived from rice bran among the components remaining in the sweetener after the saccharification step, the solid-liquid separation step, and the concentration step in the method for producing a rice-derived sweetener described later. (For example, aspergillus itself, a partial decomposition product of aspergillus, etc.).
- Rice-derived sweeteners made from rice bran are also referred to as "rice bran-derived sweeteners”.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention has a glucose content of 4.0% by mass or more based on the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener, 45.
- the total content of the panose, the maltotriose and the isomaltotriose with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener is 2.00% by mass or more and 15.50% by mass or less. It is more preferable to have.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention is rice in which crystallization is suppressed because the glucose content and the total trisaccharide content with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener are within the above-mentioned ranges.
- the above-mentioned "crystallization is suppressed” means a state in which no precipitation of crystals is observed by visual confirmation for 45 days or more when stored at room temperature (25 ° C.). Further, it is preferable that the period in which the precipitation of crystals is not observed is longer, and the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention includes those in which no precipitation of crystals is observed for 12 months or more.
- crystal precipitation was observed by visual confirmation for 45 days or more even when stored at temperatures such as ⁇ 20 ° C., 5 ° C., and 30 ° C. as well as at room temperature. Some things that cannot be done are included.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention preferably further contains isomaltose.
- Isomaltose, panose and isomaltotriose are referred to as "isomalto-oligosaccharides".
- Isomaltooligosaccharides are known to be involved in foods for specified health uses.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention contains isomaltose, panose and isomalttriose, it can be expected to have an effect of adjusting the condition of the stomach as a functional food containing "isomalto-oligosaccharide".
- the total content of isomaltose, panose and isomalttriose with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener is 0.4 mass by mass. % Or more is preferable.
- the standard daily intake of isomaltoligosaccharide in foods for specified health use is 10 g, and if the rice-derived sweetener contains 20% by weight of isomaltoligosaccharide, 50 g of rice-derived sweetener may be ingested. From reaching this standard amount, the total content of isomaltose, panose and isomalttriose with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener must be 20.00% by mass or more and 23.00% by mass or less. More preferred.
- the rice-derived sweetening agent according to one aspect of the present invention preferably has a Brix of 70% or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient degree of sweetness, and preferably 72% or more from the viewpoint of safety of microbial control. Further, from the viewpoint of usability of the rice-derived sweetener, the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention preferably has a Brix of 80% or less. Brix represents the sugar content and is used as an index of sweetness. Brix, a rice-derived sweetening agent according to one aspect of the present invention, can be measured by a method known to those skilled in the art, and can be measured, for example, by the method described in Examples described later. For example, mirin generally has a Brix of 40% to 60%. From this, it can be said that the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention has a sufficiently high sugar content.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention preferably has a water activity (Aw) of 0.60 or more, more preferably 0.65 or more, from the viewpoint of usability of the rice-derived sweetener. .. Further, from the viewpoint of controlling the growth of various germs and enhancing the storage stability of the rice-derived sweetener, the water activity is preferably 0.85 or less.
- Water activity (abbreviated as "Aw") is a numerical value representing the proportion of free water in food and is used as an index of food preservation.
- the water activity of the rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention can be measured by a method known to those skilled in the art, for example, by the method described in Examples described later.
- the rice-derived sweetening agent according to one aspect of the present invention can be produced by the production method described later.
- the rice-derived sweetening agent according to one aspect of the present invention may contain components other than the above-mentioned components, if necessary. Examples of such components include components usually used as food additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, flavors, pH regulators, thickeners and acidulants.
- the rice-derived sweetening agent according to one aspect of the present invention has a sufficient sugar content as a sweetening agent and is excellent in storage stability and handleability because crystallization is suppressed. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, the growth of various germs is suppressed, so that the storage stability and the handleability are excellent. As described above, the rice-derived sweetening agent according to one aspect of the present invention has sufficient sweetness to be used in place of sugar or artificial sweetening agent, crystallization is suppressed, and the growth of various germs is suppressed. It can be suitably used as a safe and secure natural sweetener.
- Foods containing rice-derived sweeteners according to one aspect of the present invention are also included in the category of the present invention.
- the form of such food is not particularly limited.
- powders, sherbets, candies, supplements, pharmaceutical compositions and the like can be mentioned.
- Beverages are also included in food.
- a beverage obtained by dissolving a sweetener derived from rice in water or the like is also within the scope of the present invention.
- the content of the rice-derived sweetener contained in the food is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set as needed.
- the method for producing a rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention is the above-mentioned method for producing a rice-derived sweetener according to one aspect of the present invention, which is saccharification for saccharifying a saccharified raw material containing rice, water and an enzyme agent. It includes a step, a solid-liquid separation step of solid-liquid separating the saccharified product obtained in the saccharification step to obtain a saccharified solution, and a concentration step of concentrating the saccharified solution.
- the saccharified raw material containing rice, water and an enzyme agent is saccharified.
- the saccharified raw material may or may not contain rice bran, but it is preferable that the saccharified raw material contains rice bran from the viewpoint of promoting saccharification of the saccharified raw material.
- the rice-derived sweetener obtained by using rice bran may contain aspergillus derived from rice bran.
- the "jiuqu derived from rice bran" contained in the sweetener derived from rice may be a live bacterium, a dead bacterium, or a partially decomposed product of the aspergillus.
- the saccharification conditions in the saccharification step are not particularly limited as long as the saccharification of the saccharification raw material occurs.
- the saccharification step may be carried out at 50 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower (preferably 53 ° C.) for 3 hours or longer, 30 hours or shorter, preferably 15 hours or longer and 25 hours or shorter.
- the type of rice is not particularly limited.
- rice such as glutinous rice, glutinous rice, and sake brewed rice can be used.
- the rice may be pregelatinized rice obtained by pregelatinizing starch.
- the dried rice may be immersed in water and pregelatinized by cooking to be used as a raw material for saccharification.
- the rice may be steamed rice.
- the content of rice in the saccharified raw material is not particularly limited, and the composition of glucose and trisaccharide in the rice-derived sweetener may be appropriately adjusted so as to be within the above range.
- the content of rice in the saccharified raw material is 20% by mass or more and 40% by mass with respect to the total mass of 100% by mass of the saccharified raw material. The following is preferable.
- the content of rice in the saccharified raw material is 20% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of 100% by mass of the saccharified raw material. It is preferably 40% by mass or less.
- the enzyme preparation those containing an enzyme that promotes the saccharification reaction of starch are used.
- the enzyme that promotes the saccharification reaction of starch include starch liquefying enzyme, starch saccharifying enzyme, glycation transfer enzyme, pullulanase and the like.
- examples of the starch liquefying enzyme include ⁇ -amylase and the like.
- examples of the starch saccharifying enzyme include maltotriohydrodase, ⁇ -amylase, glucoamylase and the like.
- the glycosyltransferase include transglucosidase and the like. These may be one kind or a combination of a plurality of kinds.
- the content of the enzyme preparation may be appropriately set according to the amount of the raw material substrate (rice or rice bran). When two or more kinds of enzyme preparations are used in combination, the content of each enzyme preparation in the saccharification raw material may be adjusted to be within the above range.
- Rice bran can be prepared according to the usual method of making rice bran. For example, it is obtained by spraying Jiuqu on steamed rice obtained by steaming rice and propagating it under the optimum conditions for Jiuqu (for example, 25 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower). Commercially available rice bran may be used.
- the Jiuqu bacterium is not particularly limited as long as it is a Jiuqu bacterium used for ordinary Jiuqu production.
- Examples of Aspergillus oryzae include Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus luchuensis mut. Kawachii.
- the content of the rice bran in the saccharified raw material is not particularly limited, and the composition of glucose and trisaccharide in the rice-derived sweetener may be appropriately adjusted to be within the above range. good.
- the content of rice jiuqu in the saccharified raw material is preferably less than 14% by mass with respect to the total mass of 100% by mass of the saccharified raw material.
- a rice-derived sweetener in which crystallization is suppressed can be produced.
- the rest other than rice, enzyme preparation and rice bran can be water.
- the saccharification step comprises a first saccharification step of saccharifying a first saccharification raw material containing rice, water and an enzyme agent, and a first saccharified product and rice bran obtained in the first saccharification step. It may include a second saccharification step of saccharifying the second saccharification raw material.
- the content of rice bran in the saccharification raw material is not particularly limited, and the composition of glucose and trisaccharide in the rice-derived sweetener may be appropriately adjusted so as to be within the above range. In this way, rice is used in the first saccharification step.
- the saccharification step can be carried out to produce a rice-derived sweetener in which crystallization is suppressed.
- the content of rice jiuqu in the second saccharification raw material is preferably 2% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of 100% by mass of the second saccharification raw material. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing the crystallization of the rice-derived sweetener, the content of rice jiuqu in the second saccharification raw material is preferably 20% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of 100% by mass of the second saccharification raw material. ..
- the content of rice and the content of the enzyme agent in the first saccharification raw material when the saccharification step includes the first saccharification step and the second saccharification step the content of rice in the saccharification raw material not containing rice bran and the content of the enzyme agent.
- the content of the enzyme preparation is as described.
- Solid-liquid separation process In the solid-liquid separation step, the saccharified product obtained in the saccharification step is solid-liquid separated to obtain a saccharified solution.
- solid-liquid separation is intended to separate the solid content and the liquid in the saccharified product.
- the method of solid-liquid separation is not particularly limited. For example, a horizontal filter press, a solid-liquid separation using a centrifuge, and the like can be mentioned.
- a clear saccharified solution containing no solid content for example, pomace
- the saccharified solution obtained in the solid-liquid separation step is concentrated.
- the Brix value and water activity of the saccharified solution can be adjusted to the desired ranges described in the above section "Rice-derived sweetener".
- the method for concentrating the saccharified solution is not particularly limited. For example, heat concentration, vacuum concentration and the like can be mentioned.
- By performing the concentration step to improve the Brix value it is possible to produce a rice-derived sweetener having sufficient sweetness without adding sugar, an artificial sweetener or the like.
- a concentration step to adjust the water activity it is possible to provide a rice-derived sweetener in which the growth of various germs is suppressed.
- the rice-derived sweetener of the present invention has suppressed crystallization. Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to produce an unprecedented rice-derived sweetening agent in which crystallization is suppressed, sweetness is sufficient, and the growth of various germs is suppressed.
- the production method according to one aspect of the present invention may further include a heating step of heating the saccharified product obtained in the saccharification step before the solid-liquid separation step.
- the heating process is also referred to as a burning process.
- the enzyme agent and aspergillus contained in the saccharified product can be inactivated.
- the heating conditions in the heating step are not particularly limited as long as they can inactivate the enzyme agent and aspergillus contained in the saccharified product.
- the saccharified product may be heated at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- each of the above-mentioned steps may be appropriately set so as to satisfy the composition of glucose and trisaccharide of the rice-derived sweetener of the present invention.
- those skilled in the art can adjust the conditions of each step by measuring and preparing the amount of glucose and the amount of trisaccharide after performing the above-mentioned steps.
- one aspect of the method for producing a rice-derived sweetener of the present invention may include a step of measuring the amounts of glucose and trisaccharide to confirm whether the composition is satisfied.
- necessary components such as Brix may be measured as appropriate.
- the rice-derived sweetening agent according to the first aspect of the present invention is a rice-derived sweetening agent and contains a rice-derived component, glucose, and at least one of panose, maltotriose and isomaltotriose.
- the glucose content with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener is 4.0% by mass or more and less than 47.2% by mass, and the panose, the maltotriose and the same with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener.
- the total content of the isomalt triose is more than 1.96% by mass and 16.00% by mass or less.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to the second aspect of the present invention has a glucose content of 4.0% by mass or more and 45.00% by mass or less based on the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener in the first aspect. Moreover, the total content of the panose, the maltotriose and the isomaltotriose with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener may be 2.00% by mass or more and 15.50% by mass or less.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to the third aspect of the present invention further contains isomaltose in the above-mentioned aspect 1 or 2, and is the sum of the isomaltose, the panose and the isomalttriose with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener.
- the content may be 0.4% by mass or more and 23.00% by mass or less.
- the rice-derived sweetening agent according to the fourth aspect of the present invention may have a Brix content of 70% or more and 80% or less in any one of the above aspects 1 to 3.
- the rice-derived sweetener according to the fifth aspect of the present invention may have a water activity of 0.60 or more and 0.85 or less in any one of the above-mentioned aspects 1 to 4.
- the food product according to the sixth aspect of the present invention may be configured to contain the rice-derived sweetening agent according to any one of the above-mentioned aspects 1 to 5.
- the production method according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is the method for producing a rice-derived sweetener according to the first aspect, which is a saccharification step of saccharifying a saccharified raw material containing rice, water and an enzyme agent, and the saccharification step.
- the method may include a solid-liquid separation step of separating the obtained saccharified product into a solid-liquid to obtain a saccharified solution, and a concentration step of concentrating the saccharified solution.
- the production method according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is the method in which the saccharified raw material contains rice bran in an amount of 2% by mass or more and less than 14% by mass based on 100% by mass of the total mass of the saccharified raw material. May be good.
- the saccharification step is obtained by the first saccharification step of saccharifying the first saccharification raw material containing rice, water and an enzyme agent, and the first saccharification step. It may be a method including a second saccharification step of saccharifying a second saccharification raw material containing the first saccharified product and rice bran.
- the second saccharified raw material is 20% by mass or more of the rice bran with respect to the total mass of 100% by mass of the second saccharified raw material.
- a method containing% by mass or less may be used.
- Aspergillus oryzae No.5100 strain (hereinafter referred to as A. oryzae No.5100 strain), Aspergillus luchuensis mut.
- Kawachii No.5034 strain (hereinafter referred to as A. kawachii No.) purchased from Higuchi Matsunosuke Shoten Co., Ltd. The rice was inoculated with 5034 strains) and Aspergillus oryzae No.5030 strains (hereinafter referred to as A. oryzae No.5030 strains) to make koji.
- Pregelatinized rice Raw rice is hydrothermally treated to pregelatinize starch and then dried. Domestic rice: Used without pregelatinization and drying. Foreign rice: Used without pregelatinization and drying.
- Enzyme agent ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase, transglucosidase, pullulanase were used alone or in combination as appropriate.
- Example 1 A first saccharified raw material was prepared by mixing pregelatinized rice, an enzyme agent and water, and the first saccharified raw material was saccharified at 53 ° C. for 15 hours (first saccharification step). Dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5100 strain) was added to the obtained first saccharified product to prepare a second saccharified raw material, and the second saccharified raw material was further saccharified at 53 ° C. for 6 hours (second). Saccharification process). The obtained second saccharified product was placed in a pan and heated at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes for burning (heating step).
- the second saccharified product after burning was squeezed with a manual press (manufactured by ADOUR), and then centrifuged at 14,000 rpm (17,800 ⁇ g) for 3 minutes. 2 Filtered using filter paper (manufactured by Toyo Filter Paper Co., Ltd.) to obtain a filtrate (saccharified solution) (solid-liquid separation step). The obtained filtrate was concentrated by an evaporator (concentration step) to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Example 1.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1, 23% by mass of pregelatinized rice, 18% by mass of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5100 strain), and 59% by mass of water were blended, and the substrate (rice and rice) was blended. The total amount of rice bran. The same shall apply hereinafter.) ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the starch paste evaporative power per 41 g was 164 U or more, the starch saccharifying power was 14 U or more, and the transglucosidase power was 12300 U or more.
- Example 2 The rice-derived sweetener of Example 2 was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the starch paste elution power per 41 g of the substrate was 328 U or more, the starch saccharification power was 29 U or more, and the transglucosidase power was 24600 U or more.
- Example 3 The rice-derived sweetener of Example 3 was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the starch paste elution power per 41 g of the substrate was 492 U or more, the starch saccharification power was 43 U or more, and the transglucosidase power was 36 900 U or more.
- Example 4 As shown in Table 1, 30% by mass of domestic rice, 5% by mass of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5100 strain), and 65% by mass of water are blended, and the starch paste evaporative power per 35 g of the substrate is 1345 U or more. Then, ⁇ -amylase was added. The saccharified raw material was saccharified at 53 ° C. for 15 hours (saccharification step). The obtained saccharified product was fired in the same manner as in Example 1 (heating step). The saccharified product after burning was solid-liquid separated by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a filtrate (saccharified liquid) (solid-liquid separation step). The obtained filtrate was concentrated by the same method as in Example 1 (concentration step) to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Example 4.
- Example 5 The rice-derived sweetener of Example 5 was obtained by the same method as in Example 4 except that pullulanase was further used as an enzyme agent so that the pullulanase force was 210 U or more.
- Example 6 Except for the addition of ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase as enzyme agents so that the starch paste elution power per 35 g of the substrate is 1240 U or more, the starch saccharification power is 12 U or more, and the trans glucosidase power is 10500 U or more.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 6 was obtained by the same method as in Example 4.
- Example 7 As an enzyme agent, ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the starch paste elution power per 35 g of the substrate was 1240 U or more, the starch saccharification power was 12 U or more, and the trans glucosidase power was 10500 U or more, and the heating step.
- a horizontal filter instead of heating the saccharified product in a pot, it was fired using a continuous heat sterilizer, and in the solid-liquid separation step, instead of squeezing, centrifuging, and filtering with a manual squeezer, a horizontal filter was used.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 7 was obtained by the same method as in Example 4 except that solid-liquid separation was performed using a press.
- Example 8 The rice-derived sweetener of Example 8 was obtained by performing the same method as that of Example 6, and the production lots were different.
- Example 9 As an enzyme agent, ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the starch paste evaporative power per 35 g of the substrate was 1240 U or more, the starch saccharification power was 12 U or more, and the transglucosidase power was 10500 U or more, and domestically produced.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 9 was obtained by the same method as in Example 4 except that it contained 30% by mass of foreign-produced rice instead of rice.
- the saccharified product after burning was separated into solid and liquid using a horizontal filter press, and filtered using a 0.45 ⁇ m filter (manufactured by Toyo Filter Paper Co., Ltd.) to obtain a filtrate (saccharified liquid) (solid and liquid separation step). ).
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated by the same method as in Example 1 (concentration step) to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 As shown in Table 2, 23% by mass of pregelatinized rice, 18% by mass of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5100 strain), and 59% by mass of water are blended, and the starch paste evaporative power per 41 g of the substrate is 164 U or more. ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the starch saccharification power was 14 U or more and the transglucosidase power was 12300 U or more. The saccharified raw material was saccharified at 53 ° C. for 15 hours (saccharification step). The obtained saccharified product was fired in the same manner as in Example 1 (heating step).
- the saccharified product after burning was separated into solid and liquid using a manual press (manufactured by ADOUR), and No. 2 Filtered using filter paper to obtain a filtrate (saccharified solution) (solid-liquid separation step).
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated by the same method as in Example 1 (concentration step) to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 2.
- Comparative Example 3 By the same method as in Comparative Example 2, the saccharified raw material contains 18% by mass of dried rice bran (A. kawachii No. 5034 strain) instead of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5100 strain). The rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 3 was obtained.
- the saccharified raw material contains 18% by mass of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5030 strain) instead of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5030 strain), and a manual press in the solid-liquid separation step. After squeezing with (made by ADOUR), centrifugation was performed at 14,000 rpm (17,800 ⁇ g) for 10 minutes, and No.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 5 was obtained by the same method as in Comparative Example 2 except that a filtrate (saccharified solution) was obtained by filtering using 2 filter paper (manufactured by Toyo Filter Paper Co., Ltd.).
- ⁇ -amylase and ⁇ -amylase have a starch paste saccharifying power of 164 U or more, a starch saccharifying power of 14 U or more, and a transglucosidase power of 12300 U or more with respect to the total amount of the filtrate obtained from 100 g of the saccharified liquid.
- transglucosidase was added and further saccharified at 53 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the obtained saccharified product was placed in a pan and heated at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes for burning. Then, it was concentrated by the same method as in Example 1 (concentration step) to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 7.
- Starch paste evaporative power is 164 U or more and starch with respect to the total amount of rice-derived sweetener (saccharified liquid after concentration) obtained from 100 g of the saccharified liquid by the same method as in Comparative Example 1 except that the starch was filtered using 2 filter papers.
- ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the saccharification power was 14 U or more and the trans glucosidase power was 12300 U or more, and the mixture was further saccharified at 53 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the obtained saccharified product was placed in a pan and heated at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes to be fired to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 8.
- the starch saccharification power should be 1600 U or more with respect to the total amount of the rice-derived sweetener (saccharified solution after concentration) obtained from 100 g of the saccharified solution by the same method as in Comparative Example 1 except that the mixture was filtered using 2 filter papers.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 9 was obtained by the same method as in Comparative Example 8 except that glucoamylase was added and further saccharified at 53 ° C. for 6 hours.
- Example 10 As shown in Table 3, 35% by mass of pregelatinized rice, 6% by mass of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5100 strain), and 59% by mass of water are blended, and the starch saccharification power per 41 g of the substrate is 27 U or more. As such, ⁇ -amylase was added.
- the saccharified raw material was saccharified at 53 ° C. for 15 hours (saccharification step).
- the obtained saccharified product was fired in the same manner as in Example 1 (heating step).
- the saccharified product after burning was solid-liquid separated by the same method as in Example 1 to obtain a filtrate (saccharified liquid) (solid-liquid separation step).
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated by the same method as in Example 1 (concentration step) to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 10.
- Comparative Example 11 The rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 11 was obtained by the same method as in Comparative Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase was added as an enzyme agent so that the starch paste evaporative power was 287 U or more.
- Comparative Example 12 As Comparative Example 12, a sweetener derived from Jiuqu manufactured by Company A was used. The sweetener derived from Jiuqu is a low-temperature concentrated amazake.
- Example 10 As shown in Table 4, 31% by mass of domestic rice, 2% by mass of dried rice bran (A. oryzae No. 5100 strain), and 67% by mass of water are blended, and the starch paste evaporative power per 33 g of the substrate is 1381 U or more. ⁇ -amylase and pullulanase were added so that the pullulanase force was 198 U or more.
- the saccharified raw material was saccharified at 53 ° C. for 15 hours (saccharification step). The obtained saccharified product was fired in the same manner as in Example 1 (heating step).
- the saccharified product after burning was solid-liquid separated by the same method as in Comparative Example 5 to obtain a filtrate (saccharified liquid) (solid-liquid separation step).
- the obtained filtrate was concentrated by the same method as in Example 1 (concentration step) to obtain a rice-derived sweetener of Example 10.
- Example 11 Domestic rice 30% by mass, dried rice bran (A. oryzae No.5100 strain) 6% by mass, water 64% by mass, starch paste elution power of 1352U or more and pullulanase power of 216U or more per 36g of substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 11 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase and pullulanase were added.
- Comparative Example 14 Domestic rice 28% by mass, dried rice bran (A. oryzae No.5100 strain) 12% by mass, water 60% by mass, starch paste evaporative power is 1330 U or more and pullulanase power is 240 U or more per 40 g of substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 14 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase and pullulanase were added.
- Comparative Example 15 Domestic rice 27% by mass, dried rice bran (A. oryzae No.5100 strain) 14% by mass, water 59% by mass, starch paste elution power of 1287U or more and pullulanase power of 246U or more per 41g of substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Comparative Example 15 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase and pullulanase were added.
- Example 12 Domestic rice 31% by mass, dried rice bran (A. oryzae No.5100 strain) 2% by mass, water 67% by mass, starch paste elution power of 1282 U or more, starch saccharification power of 12 U or more, transglucosidase per 33 g of substrate
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 12 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the force was 9900 U or more.
- Example 13 Domestic rice 30% by mass, dried rice bran (A. oryzae No.5100 strain) 6% by mass, water 64% by mass, starch paste elution power of 1244U or more, starch saccharification power of 13U or more, transglucosidase per 36g of substrate
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 13 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the force was 10800 U or more.
- Example 14 Domestic rice 28% by mass, dried rice bran (A. oryzae No.5100 strain) 12% by mass, water 60% by mass, starch paste elution power of 1210 U or more, starch saccharification power of 14 U or more, transglucosidase per 40 g of substrate
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 14 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the force was 12000 U or more.
- Example 15 Domestic rice 27% by mass, dried rice bran (A. oryzae No.5100 strain) 14% by mass, water 59% by mass, starch paste elution power 1164U or more, starch saccharification power 14U or more, transglucosidase per 41g of substrate
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 15 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10 except that ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase and transglucosidase were added so that the force was 12300 U or more.
- Example 16 As shown in Table 5, 32% by mass of domestic rice and 68% by mass of water are blended, and ⁇ -amylase and pullulanase are added so that the starch paste evaporative power is 1374 U or more and the pullulanase power is 192 U or more per 32 g of the substrate. did. After the saccharification step, the rice-derived sweetener of Example 16 was obtained by the same method as in Example 10.
- Example 17 A mixture of 32% by mass of domestic rice and 68% by mass of water, ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase, so that the starch paste elution power is 1278U, the starch saccharification power is 11U or more, and the transglucosidase power is 9600U or more per 32g of the substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 17 was obtained by the same method as in Example 16 except that transglucosidase was added.
- Example 18 Example 16 except that ⁇ -amylase and pullulanase were added so that 20% by mass of domestic rice and 80% by mass of water were blended and the starch paste evaporative power was 890 U or more and the pullulanase power was 120 U or more per 20 g of the substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 18 was obtained by the same method.
- Example 19 20% by mass of domestic rice and 80% by mass of water are blended, and ⁇ -amylase and ⁇ -amylase are blended so that the starch paste elution power is 830 U or more, the starch saccharification power is 7 U or more, and the transglucosidase power is 6000 U or more per 20 g of the substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 19 was obtained by the same method as in Example 16 except that transglucosidase was added.
- Example 20 Example 16 except that ⁇ -amylase and pullulanase were added so that 40% by mass of domestic rice and 60% by mass of water were blended and the starch paste evaporative power was 1730 U or more and the pullulanase power was 240 U or more per 40 g of the substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 20 was obtained by the same method.
- Example 21 A mixture of 40% by mass of domestic rice and 60% by mass of water, ⁇ -amylase and ⁇ -amylase so that the starch paste elution power is 1610 U or more, the starch saccharification power is 14 U or more, and the transglucosidase power is 12000 U or more per 40 g of the substrate.
- the rice-derived sweetener of Example 21 was obtained by the same method as in Example 16 except that transglucosidase was added.
- Brix produced by the same manufacturing method as in Example 7 was 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79.
- the rice-derived sweeteners at% and 80% did not crystallize even after storage for 12 months at room temperature, 5 ° C., and 30 ° C., respectively.
- the rice-derived sweetener having a Brix of 71 to 76% did not crystallize even after storage for 12 months at a temperature condition of ⁇ 20 ° C.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the contents of glucose and trisaccharide contained in the rice-derived sweeteners of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the contents of various sugars contained in the rice-derived sweeteners of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the rice-derived sweeteners of Examples 1 to 21 in which crystallization was suppressed tended to have a lower glucose content than the rice-derived sweeteners of Comparative Examples. Further, the rice-derived sweeteners of Examples 1 to 21 in which crystallization was suppressed had a total content of trisaccharides (panose, maltotriose and isomaltotriose) higher than that of the rice-derived sweeteners of Comparative Examples. Many tendencies were shown.
- the thick solid line parallel to the horizontal axis in FIG. 1 indicates the position where the total content of trisaccharide is 1.96 g per 100 g of rice-derived sweetener, and the thick solid line parallel to the vertical axis indicates the glucose content derived from rice. The position of 47.2 g per 100 g of sweetener is shown.
- the glucose content per 100 g of the rice-derived sweetness is less than 47.2 g (that is, the glucose content with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener is less than 47.2% by mass), and the rice-derived sweetness.
- the total content of trisaccharides (panose, maltotriose and isomaltotriose) per 100 g of the agent exceeds 1.96 g (that is, the content of the trisaccharide with respect to the total mass of the rice-derived sweetener is 1.96. It was considered that the effect of suppressing crystallization could be obtained by exceeding% by mass).
- the region surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 1 is according to the production method of Examples 4 to 10, 12 to 13, 16 to 21, which contains 6% by mass or less of rice bran with respect to 100% by mass of the total mass of the saccharified raw material.
- the region surrounded by the one-point chain line contains rice bran in an amount of 6% by mass or more based on 100% by mass of the total mass of the saccharified raw material, Examples 1 to 3, 11, 14 to 15. It shows the result of the rice-derived sweetener produced by the production method of.
- the amount of rice jiuqu to be blended in the saccharified raw material is larger than that of the production methods of Examples 4 to 10, 12 to 13, 16 to 21, and therefore, Examples.
- the amount of glucose contained in the rice-derived sweeteners 1 to 3, 11, 14 to 15 tended to be higher than that of the rice-derived sweeteners of Examples 4 to 10, 12 to 13, 16 to 21. ..
- FIG. 2 shows the content of glucose and panose contained in each rice-derived sweetener.
- the rice-derived sweetener of the comparative example tended to have a lower panose content as a whole as compared with the rice-derived sweetener of the example.
- the rice-derived sweeteners of the examples did not show a particularly clear tendency regarding the content of panose, and some of them had a lower panose content than the rice-derived sweeteners of the comparative examples. Therefore, no clear relationship was found between the content of panose alone in the above-mentioned trisaccharides and the crystallization inhibitory effect.
- FIG. 1022 in FIG. 2 shows the content of glucose and maltose contained in each rice-derived sweetener. No clear association was found between the maltose content and the crystallization inhibitory effect.
- FIG. 1023 in FIG. 2 shows the content of glucose contained in the sweetener derived from each rice and the total content of the analyzed oligosaccharides (maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, panose, isomalttriose and maltose).
- the rice-derived sweeteners of the examples tended to have a higher total content of the oligosaccharides analyzed as a whole, as compared with the rice-derived sweeteners of the comparative examples.
- some of the rice-derived sweeteners in the comparative examples have a high total content of the analyzed oligosaccharides, and there is a clear relationship between the total content of the analyzed oligosaccharides and the crystallization inhibitory effect. I could't see it.
- FIG. 1024 in FIG. 2 shows the glucose content in each rice-derived sweetener and the total content of the analyzed isomaltoligosaccharides (specifically, isomaltose, panose, and isomalttriose).
- the rice-derived sweeteners of the examples did not show any particular tendency regarding the total content of isomaltooligosaccharides, and some of them had a lower total content of isomaltooligosaccharides than the rice-derived sweeteners of the comparative examples. there were. Therefore, no clear relationship was found between the total content of isomaltooligosaccharides and the crystallization inhibitory effect.
- the present invention can be used mainly in the food field as a sweetener.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様に係る米由来甘味料は、米由来成分と、グルコースと、パノース、マルトトリオース及びイソマルトトリオースの内の少なくとも1種と、を含み、前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記グルコースの含有量が、4.0質量%以上、47.2質量%未満であり、且つ前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記パノース、前記マルトトリオース及び前記イソマルトトリオースの合計含有量が、1.96質量%を超えて、16.00質量%以下である。なお、本明細書において、説明の簡単のため、パノース、マルトトリオース及びイソマルトトリオースをまとめて「三糖」という。
本発明の一態様に係る米由来甘味料の製造方法は、前述した本発明の一態様に係る米由来甘味料の製造方法であって、米、水及び酵素剤を含む糖化原料を糖化する糖化工程と、前記糖化工程で得られた糖化物を固液分離して、糖化液を得る固液分離工程と、前記糖化液を濃縮する濃縮工程と、を含む。
糖化工程では、米、水及び酵素剤を含む糖化原料を糖化する。糖化原料は、米糀を含んでいても、含んでいなくてもよいが、糖化原料の糖化を促進する観点から、米糀を含んでいることが好ましい。米糀を用いて得られる米由来甘味料は、米糀に由来する麹菌を含み得る。米由来甘味料中に含まれている前記「米糀に由来する麹菌」は、生菌であってもよく、死菌であってもよく、または麹菌の一部分解物であってもよい。
固液分離工程では、前記糖化工程で得られた糖化物を固液分離して、糖化液を得る。ここで「固液分離」とは、糖化物中の固形分と液体とを分離することが意図される。固液分離の方法としては、特に限定されない。例えば、横型フィルタープレス、遠心分離機を用いた固液分離等を挙げることができる。糖化工程で得られた糖化物を固液分離することにより、固形分(例えば、搾りかす)を含まない清澄な糖化液を得ることができる。
濃縮工程では、前記固液分離工程で得られた前記糖化液を濃縮する。糖化液を濃縮することにより、糖化液のBrix値及び水分活性を、前記「米由来甘味料」の項で説明した所望の範囲に調整することができる。糖化液の濃縮方法としては、特に限定されない。例えば、加熱濃縮、減圧濃縮等を挙げることができる。濃縮工程を行なってBrix値を向上させることにより、砂糖、人工甘味料等を添加することなく、十分な甘さの米由来甘味料を製造することができる。また、濃縮工程を行なって水分活性を調整することにより、雑菌の増殖が抑制された米由来甘味料を提供することができる。さらには、前述の通り、本発明の米由来甘味料は、結晶化が抑制されている。よって、本発明の一態様によれば、結晶化が抑制され、十分な甘さを有し、且つ、雑菌の増殖が抑えられた、従来にない米由来甘味料を製造できる。
本発明の一態様に係る製造方法は、前記固液分離工程の前に、前記糖化工程で得られた糖化物を加熱する加熱工程をさらに含んでいてもよい。加熱工程は、火入れ工程とも称される。前記糖化工程で得られた糖化物を加熱することにより、当該糖化物中に含まれている前記酵素剤及び麹菌を失活させることができる。その結果、米由来甘味料の品質安定性を向上させることができる。加熱工程における加熱条件は、糖化物中に含まれている前記酵素剤及び麹菌を失活させることができる条件であれば特に限定されない。例えば、糖化物を90℃で30分間加熱すればよい。
本発明の態様1に係る米由来甘味料は、米由来甘味料であって、米由来成分と、グルコースと、パノース、マルトトリオース及びイソマルトトリオースの内の少なくとも1種と、を含み、前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記グルコースの含有量が、4.0質量%以上、47.2質量%未満であり、且つ前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記パノース、前記マルトトリオース及び前記イソマルトトリオースの合計含有量が、1.96質量%を超えて、16.00質量%以下である構成である。
株式会社樋口松之助商店より購入した麹菌(菌株名:Aspergillus oryzae No.5100株(以下、A. oryzae No.5100株という。)、Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii No.5034株(以下、A. kawachii No.5034株という。)、Aspergillus oryzae No.5030株(以下、A. oryzaeNo.5030株という。)を米に接種し、製麹した。
α化米:原料米を加水加熱処理することで、デンプンをα化した後で乾燥させたもの。
国産米:α化させて乾燥させずに使用した。
外国産米:α化させて乾燥させずに使用した。
αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼ、プルラナーゼを、単独で又は適宜組み合わせて使用した。
〔実施例1〕
α化米、酵素剤及び水を混合して第1糖化原料を調製し、当該第1糖化原料を53℃で15時間糖化させた(第1糖化工程)。得られた第1糖化物に乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)を添加して第2糖化原料を調製し、当該第2糖化原料を53℃で6時間さらに糖化させた(第2糖化工程)。得られた第2糖化物を鍋に入れ、90℃で30分間加熱することにより火入れを行った(加熱工程)。火入れ後の第2糖化物を、手動圧搾機(ADOUR製)で圧搾した後、14,000rpm(17,800×g)で3分間遠心分離し、No.2ろ紙(東洋濾紙株式会社製)を用いて濾過して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。得られたろ液を、エバポレーターによって濃縮して(濃縮工程)、実施例1の米由来甘味料を得た。
基質41g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力を328U以上、でんぷん糖化力を29U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力を24600U以上とした以外は実施例1と同じ方法により、実施例2の米由来甘味料を得た。
基質41g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力を492U以上、でんぷん糖化力を43U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力を36900U以上とした以外は実施例1と同じ方法により、実施例3の米由来甘味料を得た。
表1に示すように、国産米30質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)5質量%、水65質量%を配合し、基質35g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1345U以上となるように、αアミラーゼを添加した。当該糖化原料を53℃で15時間糖化させた(糖化工程)。得られた糖化物を、実施例1と同じ方法で火入れを行った(加熱工程)。火入れ後の糖化物を、実施例1と同じ方法で固液分離して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。得られたろ液を、実施例1と同じ方法で濃縮して(濃縮工程)、実施例4の米由来甘味料を得た。
酵素剤として、プルラナーゼをプルラナーゼ力が210U以上となるように、さらに使用したこと以外は実施例4と同じ方法により、実施例5の米由来甘味料を得た。
酵素剤として、基質35g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1240U以上、でんぷん糖化力が12U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が10500U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ及びトランスグルコシダーゼを添加したこと、以外は実施例4と同じ方法により、実施例6の米由来甘味料を得た。
酵素剤として、基質35g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1240U以上、でんぷん糖化力が12U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が10500U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ及びトランスグルコシダーゼを添加したこと、加熱工程において、糖化物を鍋で加熱する代わりに、連続式加熱殺菌機を用いて火入れを行ったこと、並びに、固液分離工程において、手動圧搾機による圧搾・遠心分離・濾過の代わりに、横型フィルタープレスを用いて固液分離を行ったこと以外は実施例4と同じ方法により、実施例7の米由来甘味料を得た。
実施例8の米由来甘味料は、実施例6と同じ方法を行なって得たものであり、製造ロットが異なる。
酵素剤として、基質35g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1240U以上、でんぷん糖化力が12U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が10500U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ及びトランスグルコシダーゼを添加したこと、及び国産米の代わりに、外国産米を30質量%含んでいること以外は実施例4と同じ方法により、実施例9の米由来甘味料を得た。
表2に示すように、国産米27質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)14質量%、水59質量%を配合し、基質41g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が2000U以上となるように、αアミラーゼを添加した。当該糖化原料を53℃で15時間糖化させた(糖化工程)。得られた糖化物を、連続式加熱殺菌機を用いて火入れを行った(加熱工程)。火入れ後の糖化物を、横型フィルタープレスを用いて固液分離し、0.45μmフィルター(東洋濾紙株式会社製)を用いて濾過して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。得られたろ液を、実施例1と同じ方法で濃縮して(濃縮工程)、比較例1の米由来甘味料を得た。
表2に示すように、α化米23質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)18質量%、水59質量%を配合し、基質41g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が164U以上、でんぷん糖化力が14U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が12300U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ及びトランスグルコシダーゼを添加した。当該糖化原料を53℃で15時間糖化させた(糖化工程)。得られた糖化物を、実施例1と同じ方法で火入れを行った(加熱工程)。火入れ後の糖化物を、手動圧搾機(ADOUR製)を用いて固液分離し、No.2ろ紙を用いて濾過して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。得られたろ液を、実施例1と同じ方法で濃縮して(濃縮工程)、比較例2の米由来甘味料を得た。
糖化原料が、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)の代わりに、乾燥米糀(A. kawachii No.5034株)を18質量%含んでいること以外は比較例2と同じ方法により、比較例3の米由来甘味料を得た。
糖化原料が、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)の代わりに、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No. 5030株)を18質量%含んでいること以外は比較例2と同じ方法により、比較例4の米由来甘味料を得た。
糖化原料が、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)の代わりに、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No. 5030株)を18質量%含んでいること、固液分離工程において、手動圧搾機(ADOUR製)で圧搾した後、14,000rpm(17,800×g)で10分間遠心分離し、No.2ろ紙(東洋濾紙株式会社製)を用いて濾過して、ろ液(糖化液)を得たこと以外は比較例2と同じ方法により、比較例5の米由来甘味料を得た。
固液分離工程において、比較例5と同じ方法で固液分離して、ろ液(糖化液)を得たこと以外は比較例2と同じ方法により、比較例6の米由来甘味料を得た。
表2に示すように、国産米27質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)14質量%、水59質量%を配合し、基質41g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が2000U以上となるように、αアミラーゼを添加した。当該糖化原料を53℃で15時間糖化させた(糖化工程)。得られた糖化物を、比較例1と同じ方法で火入れを行った(加熱工程)。火入れ後の糖化物を、横型フィルタープレスを用いて固液分離し、No.2ろ紙を用いて濾過して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。
固液分離後の濾過を、0.45μmフィルターの代わりにNo.2ろ紙を用いて濾過したこと以外は、比較例1と同じ方法で糖化液100gから得た米由来甘味料(濃縮後の糖化液)全量に対して、でんぷん糊精化力が164U以上、でんぷん糖化力が14U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が12300U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ及びトランスグルコシダーゼを添加して、53℃で6時間さらに糖化させた。得られた糖化物を鍋に入れ、90℃で30分間加熱することにより火入れを行い、比較例8の米由来甘味料を得た。
固液分離後の濾過を、0.45μmフィルターの代わりにNo.2ろ紙を用いて濾過したこと以外は、比較例1と同じ方法で糖化液100gから得た米由来甘味料(濃縮後の糖化液)全量に対して、でんぷん糖化力が1600U以上となるように、グルコアミラーゼを添加して、53℃で6時間さらに糖化させたこと以外は、比較例8と同じ方法により、比較例9の米由来甘味料を得た。
表3に示すように、α化米35質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)6質量%、水59質量%を配合し、基質41g当たりのでんぷん糖化力が27U以上となるように、βアミラーゼを添加した。当該糖化原料を53℃で15時間糖化させた(糖化工程)。得られた糖化物を実施例1と同じ方法で火入れを行った(加熱工程)。火入れ後の糖化物を、実施例1と同じ方法で固液分離して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。得られたろ液を、実施例1と同じ方法で濃縮して(濃縮工程)、比較例10の米由来甘味料を得た。
酵素剤として、でんぷん糊精化力が287U以上となるようにαアミラーゼを添加した以外は比較例10と同じ方法により、比較例11の米由来甘味料を得た。
比較例12として、A社製の糀由来甘味料を用いた。当該糀由来甘味料は、甘酒を低温濃縮したものである。
B社製の甘酒を、比較例2と同じ方法で固液分離して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。甘酒100gから得られたろ液全量に対して、でんぷん糊精化力が160U以上、でんぷん糖化力が14U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が12000U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ及びトランスグルコシダーゼを添加して、53℃で6時間さらに糖化させた。得られた糖化物を、実施例1と同じ方法で火入れを行った。火入れ後の糖化物を、実施例1と同じ方法で濃縮して(濃縮工程)、比較例13の米由来甘味料を得た。
表4に示すように、国産米31質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)2質量%、水67質量%を配合し、基質33g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1381U以上、プルラナーゼ力が198U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼを添加した。当該糖化原料を53℃で15時間糖化させた(糖化工程)。得られた糖化物を、実施例1と同じ方法で火入れを行った(加熱工程)。火入れ後の糖化物を、比較例5と同じ方法で固液分離して、ろ液(糖化液)を得た(固液分離工程)。得られたろ液を、実施例1と同じ方法で濃縮して(濃縮工程)、実施例10の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米30質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)6質量%、水64質量%とし、基質36g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1352U以上、プルラナーゼ力が216U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼを添加した以外は実施例10と同じ方法により、実施例11の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米28質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)12質量%、水60質量%とし、基質40g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1330U以上、プルラナーゼ力が240U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼを添加した以外は実施例10と同じ方法により、比較例14の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米27質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)14質量%、水59質量%とし、基質41g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1287U以上、プルラナーゼ力が246U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼを添加した以外は実施例10と同じ方法により、比較例15の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米31質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)2質量%、水67質量%とし、基質33g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1282U以上、でんぷん糖化力が12U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が9900U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼを添加した以外は実施例10と同じ方法により、実施例12の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米30質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)6質量%、水64質量%とし、基質36g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1244U以上、でんぷん糖化力が13U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が10800U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼを添加した以外は実施例10と同じ方法により、実施例13の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米28質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)12質量%、水60質量%とし、基質40g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1210U以上、でんぷん糖化力が14U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が12000U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼを添加した以外は実施例10と同じ方法により、実施例14の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米27質量%、乾燥米糀(A. oryzae No.5100株)14質量%、水59質量%とし、基質41g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1164U以上、でんぷん糖化力が14U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が12300U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼを添加した以外は実施例10と同じ方法により、実施例15の米由来甘味料を得た。
表5に示すように、国産米32質量%、水68質量%を配合し、基質32g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1374U以上、プルラナーゼ力が192U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼを添加した。糖化工程以降は実施例10と同じ方法により、実施例16の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米32質量%、水68質量%を配合し、基質32g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1278U、でんぷん糖化力が11U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が9600U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼを添加した以外は実施例16と同じ方法により、実施例17の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米20質量%、水80質量%を配合し、基質20g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が890U以上、プルラナーゼ力が120U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼを添加した以外は実施例16と同じ方法により、実施例18の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米20質量%、水80質量%を配合し、基質20g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が830U以上、でんぷん糖化力が7U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が6000U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼを添加した以外は実施例16と同じ方法により、実施例19の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米40質量%、水60質量%を配合し、基質40g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1730U以上、プルラナーゼ力が240U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、プルラナーゼを添加した以外は実施例16と同じ方法により、実施例20の米由来甘味料を得た。
国産米40質量%、水60質量%を配合し、基質40g当たりのでんぷん糊精化力が1610U以上、でんぷん糖化力が14U以上、トランスグルコシダーゼ力が12000U以上となるように、αアミラーゼ、βアミラーゼ、トランスグルコシダーゼを添加した以外は実施例16と同じ方法により、実施例21の米由来甘味料を得た。
実施例及び比較例の各米由来甘味料を、常温(25℃)で保存し、結晶化の有無を確認した。結果を表6~9に示す。その結果、実施例1~21の各米由来甘味料は、45日経過後も結晶化が見られなかった。一方、比較例1~15の各米由来甘味料は、早いもので保存後1週間以内に、また、遅いものでも保存後1か月半経過後には結晶化が見られた。
実施例及び比較例の各米由来甘味料について、以下の分析を行った。
Brixは屈折計を用いて測定した。
水分活性(Aw)は電気抵抗式を用いて測定した。
米由来甘味料中に含まれているグルコース、マルトース、イソマルトース、マルトトリオース、パノース、及びイソマルトトリオースの含有量を、高速液体クロマトグラフィー法によって測定した。
Claims (10)
- 米由来甘味料であって、
米由来成分と、
グルコースと、
パノース、マルトトリオース及びイソマルトトリオースの内の少なくとも1種と、
を含み、
前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記グルコースの含有量が、4.0質量%以上、47.2質量%未満であり、且つ
前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記パノース、前記マルトトリオース及び前記イソマルトトリオースの合計含有量が、1.96質量%を超えて、16.00質量%以下であることを特徴とする、米由来甘味料。 - 前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記グルコースの含有量が、4.0質量%以上、45.00質量%以下であり、且つ
前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記パノース、前記マルトトリオース及び前記イソマルトトリオースの合計含有量が、2.00質量%以上、15.50質量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の米由来甘味料。 - イソマルトースをさらに含み、
前記米由来甘味料の総質量に対する前記イソマルトース、前記パノース及び前記イソマルトトリオースの合計含有量が、0.4質量%以上、23.00質量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の米由来甘味料。 - Brixが70%以上、80%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の米由来甘味料。
- 水分活性が0.60以上、0.85以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の米由来甘味料。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の米由来甘味料を含むことを特徴とする、食品。
- 請求項1に記載の米由来甘味料の製造方法であって、
米、水及び酵素剤を含む糖化原料を糖化する糖化工程と、
前記糖化工程で得られた糖化物を固液分離して、糖化液を得る固液分離工程と、
前記糖化液を濃縮する濃縮工程と、を含むことを特徴とする、製造方法。 - 前記糖化原料は、米糀を、当該糖化原料の総質量100質量%に対して2質量%以上、14質量%未満含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記糖化工程は、
米、水及び酵素剤を含む第1糖化原料を糖化する第1糖化工程と、
前記第1糖化工程で得られた第1糖化物及び米糀を含む第2糖化原料を糖化する第2糖化工程と、を含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の製造方法。 - 前記第2糖化原料は、前記米糀を、当該第2糖化原料の総質量100質量%に対して、2質量%以上、20質量%以下含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
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