WO2022016967A1 - 一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机 - Google Patents

一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022016967A1
WO2022016967A1 PCT/CN2021/094151 CN2021094151W WO2022016967A1 WO 2022016967 A1 WO2022016967 A1 WO 2022016967A1 CN 2021094151 W CN2021094151 W CN 2021094151W WO 2022016967 A1 WO2022016967 A1 WO 2022016967A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hopper
shell
plate
rubber
dryer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/094151
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段贤伍
杨健
朱黄富
潘文超
吴运生
Original Assignee
安徽辰宇机械科技有限公司
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Application filed by 安徽辰宇机械科技有限公司 filed Critical 安徽辰宇机械科技有限公司
Priority to ZA2021/10359A priority Critical patent/ZA202110359B/en
Publication of WO2022016967A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022016967A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G17/00—Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriers; Endless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface
    • B65G17/30—Details; Auxiliary devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G69/00—Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading
    • B65G69/16—Preventing pulverisation, deformation, breakage, or other mechanical damage to the goods or materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G69/00—Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading
    • B65G69/20—Auxiliary treatments, e.g. aerating, heating, humidifying, deaerating, cooling, de-watering or drying, during loading or unloading; Loading or unloading in a fluid medium other than air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
    • B65G2201/04—Bulk
    • B65G2201/042—Granular material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of grain dryers, in particular to a lower grain hopper and a grain dryer equipped with the lower grain hopper.
  • Grain dryer is a kind of drying equipment specially used for grain grains such as rice, wheat, corn, soybean, rapeseed, etc.
  • grain grains such as rice, wheat, corn, soybean, rapeseed, etc.
  • the hopper and the dryer shell are provided with a pipeline for feeding the material in the hopper into the dryer shell.
  • the material is easy to block in the pipeline and is not easy to fall.
  • the dryer dries the material, especially the grain, the germination rate of the grain is reduced. It is difficult to be lifted and controlled again; for this reason, we provide a lower grain hopper and a grain dryer with the lower grain hopper to solve the above problems.
  • the present invention provides a lower grain hopper and a grain dryer equipped with the lower grain hopper, including an inclined pipe for conveying materials, and the inside of the inclined pipe is provided with an expandable or compressible
  • the airbag layer, an auxiliary cavity that can be inflated or deflated is formed between the inclined tube and the airbag layer, and the surface of the inclined tube is provided with an air control unit that inflates or deflates the auxiliary cavity to expand or contract the airbag layer.
  • a kind of lower grain bucket adopted in the present invention comprises:
  • a hopper for feeding the middle of the hopper is provided with a filtering mechanism that can filter impurities in the material, the filtering mechanism includes a movable filter plate and a hanging plate supporting the filter plate, and the bottom of the hopper is provided with a movable up and down to control the A material control shell for the feeding speed, the bottom of the material control shell is provided with an ash collecting hopper for collecting dust in the material passing through the surface of the material control shell;
  • An inclined tube used for feeding materials the inside of the inclined tube is provided with an expandable or compressible airbag layer, and an inflatable or deflated auxiliary cavity is formed between the inclined tube and the airbag layer, and the surface of the inclined tube is provided with an inflatable or deflated auxiliary cavity.
  • Air control unit that inflates or deflates the auxiliary chamber to expand or deflate the balloon layer.
  • an elastically deformable rubber sheet is arranged in the middle of the filter plate, a rubber ring connected to the hanging plate and elastically deformable is arranged around the filter plate, and the surface of the filter plate has holes for the material to fall.
  • the hanging plate is attached to the inner wall of the hopper, and the upper end of the hanging plate is integrally provided with a hanging ring hung at the upper corner of the hopper.
  • a support shell is fixed on the inner wall of the hopper at the bottom of the material control shell.
  • the power mechanism that the shell moves up and down, the outer ring of the material control shell is fixed with a rubber sealing ring that is movably attached to the inner wall of the hopper, and the surface of the material control shell is provided with a leak hole that penetrates up and down and passes through the dust in the feeding material , and the side of the upper end of the leak hole close to the middle of the material control shell is provided with an inclined hole for introducing the dust in the material into the leak hole.
  • the corners of the ash collecting hopper are provided with a card edge that is engaged with the card plate at the inner ring of the material control shell, the middle of the ash collecting hopper is provided with a rectangular block, and the power
  • the outer ring of the telescopic section of the mechanism is fixedly sleeved with a snap ring, the rectangular snap block is snapped and fixed on one side of the snap ring, and the ash collecting hopper and the power mechanism are kept sealed.
  • the auxiliary cavity is provided with a hard plate for holding the airbag layer, one end of the hard plate is fixed with a rubber connection pad fixed on the inner wall of the hopper, and the other end of the hard plate is fixed A rubber expansion pad fixed on the inner wall of the airbag layer is provided, and the airbag layer is arranged along the inner wall of the pipe of the inclined pipe.
  • the auxiliary cavity is provided with a moving ball, and a hard plate on one side of the moving ball is provided with a pushing mechanism for pushing the moving ball to move in the auxiliary cavity.
  • the invention discloses a grain dryer, comprising the lower grain hopper as described above, and further comprising:
  • a dryer shell used for drying materials one side of the bottom of the dryer shell is provided with a feeding port that communicates with an inclined pipe and is used for feeding, and the other side of the bottom of the dryer shell is provided with a connection to the outside of the dryer shell And a discharge port for discharging, the dryer shell is provided with a lifting hopper for receiving the feeding material at the feeding port, and the lifting hopper is arranged on a driveable conveyor belt.
  • the inner wall of the dryer shell is provided with an arc-shaped receiving plate at the bottom of the feed port for receiving the feed at the feed port.
  • a rubber layer is fixed on one side of the wall, the arc-shaped receiving plate is shielded above the lifting bucket, and a spring for supporting the arc-shaped receiving plate is arranged between the bottom of the arc-shaped receiving plate and the inner wall of the dryer shell.
  • the dryer shell is located on the side of the discharge port with a support plate body that covers the lower part of the lifting bucket, the outer fixed sleeve of the support plate body is provided with a rubber baffle, and the rubber baffle is provided.
  • the surface of the plate is provided with an air hole that penetrates both the rubber baffle and the support plate body.
  • a rubber shutter is provided above one side of the rubber baffle, and the rubber shutter is arranged on one side of the lifting bucket, and the rubber shutter is provided with an inclined shield. The ends of the plate and the rubber baffle are fixed on the support plate fixed on the inner wall of the dryer shell by screws.
  • the dryer shell is provided with an inclined surface that guides the material to the discharge port, and the dryer shell is provided with a hot air hole for introducing external hot air at a position below the feed port.
  • a lower grain hopper of the present invention and a grain dryer equipped with the lower grain hopper include an inclined tube for feeding, and the inside of the inclined tube is provided with an expandable or compressible airbag layer, the inclined tube and the airbag layer. An auxiliary cavity that can be inflated or deflated is formed between them.
  • the surface of the inclined tube is provided with an air control unit that inflates or deflates the auxiliary cavity to expand or contract the airbag layer. When the airbag layer expands or contracts, the inclined tube can be pushed Material downflow to avoid material blockage;
  • a lower grain hopper and a grain dryer equipped with the lower grain hopper of the present invention also include a dryer shell for drying materials, and one side of the bottom of the dryer shell is provided with a communication inclined pipe and is used for feeding The other side of the bottom of the dryer shell is provided with a discharge port that communicates with the outside of the dryer shell and is used for discharging materials.
  • the dryer shell is located on the side of the discharge port with a support plate body that covers the lower part of the lifting bucket, the outer fixed sleeve of the support plate body is provided with a rubber baffle, and the surface of the rubber baffle is provided with a support plate body. At the same time, it penetrates the air holes of the rubber baffle and the supporting plate body.
  • a rubber baffle is provided above one side of the rubber baffle.
  • the rubber baffle is arranged on one side of the lifting bucket, and the ends of the rubber baffle and the rubber baffle are both It is fixed on the support plate fixed on the inner wall of the dryer shell by screws.
  • the material of the upper lifting bucket falls, it will first fall on the rubber baffle.
  • the continuous transmission of the lifting bucket through the conveyor belt interferes with the rubber baffle and causes the rubber baffle
  • the material on the top descends step by step and is finally discharged from the discharge port, which avoids the phenomenon that the material falls directly from a high place and is damaged, and improves the germination rate of the grain after drying.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the hopper and inclined pipe of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the dryer shell of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation when the inclined tube of the present invention is provided with the moving ball
  • Fig. 5 is the enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at place A in Fig. 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at place B in Fig. 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in FIG. 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at D in FIG. 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at E in FIG. 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at F in FIG. 2 of the present invention.
  • hopper 1 dryer shell 2, inclined pipe 3, air control unit 4, hanging ring 5, hanging plate 6, filter plate 7, rubber ring 8, rubber sheet 9, material control shell 10, ash collecting hopper 11 , support shell 12, auxiliary cavity 13, air bag layer 14, lifting bucket 16, conveyor belt 17, feeding port 18, discharging port 19, rubber shutter 20, rubber baffle 21, moving ball 22, card edge 23, rubber seal Ring 24, leak hole 25, inclined hole 26, card plate 27, hard plate 28, rubber connection pad 29, rubber expansion pad 30, spring 31, arc receiving plate 32, rubber layer 33, push mechanism 34, support plate body 35.
  • fixed connection means fixed connection, there are many ways of fixed connection, not as the protection scope of this article, the terms used in this article “Vertical,” “horizontal,” “left,” “right,” and similar expressions are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation.
  • a lower grain bucket comprising:
  • the hopper 1 for feeding the middle of the hopper 1 is provided with a filter mechanism that can filter impurities in the material, the filter mechanism includes a movable filter plate 7 and a hanging plate 6 supporting the filter plate 7, and the bottom of the hopper 1 is provided with a movable up and down
  • the control shell 10 for controlling the feeding speed the bottom of the control shell 10 is provided with an ash collecting hopper 11 for collecting dust in the material passing through the surface of the control shell 10;
  • the inclined tube 3 used for feeding materials the inside of the inclined tube 3 is provided with an expandable or compressible air bag layer 14, and an inflatable or deflated auxiliary cavity 13 is formed between the inclined tube 3 and the air bag layer 14.
  • the surface is provided with an air control unit 4 that inflates or deflates the auxiliary cavity 13 to expand or contract the airbag layer 14 .
  • the air control unit 4 can use a device such as an air pump to inflate or deflate the auxiliary chamber 13 .
  • the middle of the filter plate 7 is provided with an elastically deformable rubber sheet 9
  • the periphery of the filter plate 7 is provided with a rubber ring 8 that is connected to the hanging plate 6 and can be elastically deformed, and the surface of the filter plate 7 has a feed drop.
  • the hanging plate 6 is attached to the inner wall of the hopper 1 , and the upper end of the hanging plate 6 is integrally provided with a hanging ring 5 hanging at the upper corner of the hopper 1 .
  • the middle of the filter plate 7 is connected by a rubber sheet 9, and the edges are connected by a rubber ring 8, so that when the grain falls on the filter plate 7, the filter plate 7 can be pressed down, so that the filter plate 7 has a V-shaped structure as a whole, which is convenient for the filtering of the grain, and The filter plate 7 can be lifted up and down, which is convenient for buffering the filtered grains, and avoids the phenomenon that the grains are directly pressed on the non-deformable filter plate 7, causing the pressure loss of the filter plate 7 to change the size of the filter holes.
  • the filter plate 7 is hung on the hopper 1 through the hanging ring 5 on the hanging plate 6, which is convenient for picking, placing and cleaning the large particles of impurities in the filter plate 7.
  • a support shell 12 is fixed on the inner wall of the hopper 1 at the bottom of the material control shell 10, the material control shell 10 and the support shell 12 are both semi-annular structures with openings facing downward, and the surface of the support shell 12 is provided with a supply control material shell 10.
  • the power mechanism 38 that moves up and down, the outer ring of the control shell 10 is fixedly provided with a rubber sealing ring 24 that is movably attached to the inner wall of the hopper 1, and the surface of the control shell 10 is provided with a leak hole that penetrates up and down and passes through the dust in the feeding 25, and the side of the upper end of the leakage hole 25 close to the middle of the material control shell 10 is provided with an inclined hole 26 for introducing the dust in the material into the leakage hole 25.
  • the inclined holes 26 make it easy for the dust in the grains to pass through the surface of the control shell 10 to be collected into the leak holes 25 and into the ash collecting hopper 11 at the bottom thereof through the leak holes 25 .
  • the power mechanism 38 can use electric push rods or cylinders, etc.
  • the power mechanism 38 can control the vertical lift of the control shell 10, which is convenient to change the size of the gap between the control shell 10 and the inner wall of the hopper 1 for grain to enter, and achieves the purpose of controlling the grain flow rate.
  • the corners of the ash collecting hopper 11 are provided with a clamping edge 23 that is engaged with the clamping plate 27 at the inner ring of the material control shell 10, and a rectangular clamping block 40 is provided in the middle of the ash collecting hopper 11.
  • the outer ring of the telescopic section is fixedly sleeved with a snap ring 39 , a rectangular block 40 is snapped and fixed on one side of the snap ring 39 , and the ash collecting hopper 11 and the power mechanism 38 are kept sealed.
  • the ash collecting hopper 11 is directly clamped in the card board 27 through the card edge 23, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the ash collecting hopper 11 and cleaning the dust collected in the ash collecting hopper 11.
  • the auxiliary cavity 13 is provided with a hard plate 28 for holding the airbag layer 14 , and the hard plate 28 can pull the airbag layer 14 to keep the surface smooth, which is convenient for the grains in the inclined pipe 3 to flow down. ;
  • One end of the hard plate 28 is fixed with a rubber connection pad 29 fixed on the inner wall of the hopper 1, and the other end of the hard plate 28 is fixed with a rubber expansion pad 30 fixed on the inner wall of the airbag layer 14.
  • the inner wall of the pipe of the pipe 3 is arranged;
  • a rubber connection pad 29 fixed on the inner wall of the inclined pipe 3 can be provided at the end of the hard plate 28, and the rubber connection pad 29 can be elastically deformed , so that the hard plate 28 can be moved when pulling the airbag layer 14, and will not cause damage to the airbag layer 14 due to hard pulling, and the end of the hard plate 28 close to the airbag layer 14 is fixed on the inner wall of the airbag layer 14.
  • the length of the rubber expansion pad 30 is greater than the length of the rubber connection pad 29, which is convenient for the expansion or contraction of the airbag layer 14. Wear phenomenon between 28, strong protection.
  • the invention also discloses a grain dryer, comprising the lower grain hopper as described above, and further comprising:
  • the dryer shell 2 used for drying materials the bottom side of the dryer shell 2 is provided with a feed port 18 that communicates with the inclined pipe 3 and is used for feeding, and the other side of the bottom of the dryer shell 2 is provided with a communication dryer A discharge port 19 is outside the casing 2 and is used for discharging.
  • the dryer casing 2 is provided with a lifting hopper 16 for receiving the material from the feeding port 18 , and the lifting hopper 16 is arranged on a driveable conveyor belt 17 .
  • the conveyor belt 17 is equipped with a corresponding transmission assembly, the transmission assembly includes a motor that can be fixed on the rear side of the dryer shell 2, a transmission roller connected to the rotating shaft of the motor and connected to the end of the conveyor belt 17, and the motor drives the transmission through the rotating shaft. When the rollers rotate, the conveyor belt 17 is driven to convey.
  • the lifting bucket 16 has a groove structure with an open upper end, and the lifting bucket 16 is fixed on the conveyor belt 17 by screws or other fixing means.
  • an arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is provided on the inner wall of the dryer shell 2 at the bottom of the feed port 18 for receiving the material at the feed port 18.
  • the bottom surface of the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is close to the dryer shell 2.
  • a rubber layer 33 is fixed on one side of the inner wall, the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is shielded above the lifting bucket 16, and the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is provided between the bottom of the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 and the inner wall of the dryer shell 2 for supporting. the spring 31.
  • the lifting bucket 16 on the left side of the conveyor belt 17 rises, it will collide with the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 and tilt upward to avoid it.
  • the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 loses the conflicting effect and returns to its original position through the restoring force of the spring 31.
  • the end of the shaped receiving plate 32 is again positioned above the lower set of lifting hoppers 16, the curved receiving plate 32 serves to guide the grain entering from the feed opening 18 into the lifting hopper 16 without moving around in the dryer housing 2
  • the rubber layer 33 on the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 reduces the wear between the lifting bucket 16 and the arc-shaped receiving plate 32, and ensures that the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 can be tilted upward when it is interfered by the lifting bucket 16.
  • the upper surface of the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 has grooves for receiving grains.
  • the dryer casing 2 is provided with a support plate 35 on the side of the discharge port 19, which is shielded from the lower part of the lifting bucket 16, and the outer part of the support plate 35 is fixedly sleeved with a rubber baffle 21.
  • the rubber baffle 21 The wear between the lifting bucket 16 and the support plate body 35 is reduced, and the rubber baffle plate 21 can be used to tilt the support plate body 35, which is convenient for grains to fall through the surface of the rubber baffle plate 21 step by step;
  • the surface of the rubber baffle 21 is provided with air holes 36 that penetrate both the rubber baffle 21 and the support plate body 35, and the air holes 36 supply hot air to pass through, so as to facilitate the uniform distribution of the hot air in the dryer casing 2;
  • an inclined rubber shutter 20 is provided above one side of the rubber baffle 21, the rubber shutter 20 is arranged on one side of the lifting bucket 16, and the ends of the rubber shutter 20 and the rubber baffle 21 are both
  • the screws are fixed on the support plate 37 on the inner wall of the dryer shell 2.
  • the rubber shutter 20 receives the grains that are ejected after the rubber shutter 21 is deformed and restored to avoid damage caused by the grain hitting the dryer shell 2.
  • the rubber shutter 20 and the rubber baffle 21 are fixed on the support plate 37, and the support plate 37 is easy to disassemble and use.
  • the dryer casing 2 is provided with an inclined surface that guides the material to the discharge port 19 , and the position of the dryer casing 2 below the feed port 18 is provided with a hot air hole for introducing external hot air.
  • a kind of lower grain hopper provided by the present embodiment and the grain dryer provided with the lower grain hopper, the working process is as follows:
  • the height of the control shell 10 can be controlled by the power mechanism 38 to achieve the purpose of controlling the size of the gap between the control shell 10 and the inner wall of the hopper 1, so that the feeding speed is changed, and the grain entering the inclined pipe 3 from the hopper 1 enters the drying process.
  • the feeding port 18 in the casing 2 is received by the curved receiving plate 32 at the feeding port 18 and then introduced into the lifting bucket 16.
  • the conveyor belt 17 drives the lifting bucket 16 to ascend and descend in a cycle, so that the grains in the lifting bucket 16 are removed.
  • the lifting bucket 16 pours out the grains on the right side of the conveyor belt 17, the grains are first poured into the surface of the rubber baffle 21, and the lifting bucket 16 is constantly descending against the rubber baffle 21 to incline, so that the rubber baffle 21 is on the surface of the rubber baffle 21.
  • the grains fall into the next-stage rubber baffle 21 , and finally, the grains fall into the bottom of the dryer shell 2 and are discharged from the discharge port 19 .
  • the air control unit 4 can be activated to deflate or inflate the auxiliary cavity 13, so that the air bag layer 14 is expanded and deformed to expand or shrink, and the grains in the inclined pipe 3 are facilitated to fall, Does not cause clogging.
  • a lower grain bucket comprising:
  • the hopper 1 for feeding the middle of the hopper 1 is provided with a filter mechanism that can filter impurities in the material, the filter mechanism includes a movable filter plate 7 and a hanging plate 6 supporting the filter plate 7, and the bottom of the hopper 1 is provided with a movable up and down
  • the control shell 10 for controlling the feeding speed the bottom of the control shell 10 is provided with an ash collecting hopper 11 for collecting dust in the material passing through the surface of the control shell 10;
  • the inclined tube 3 used for feeding materials the inside of the inclined tube 3 is provided with an expandable or compressible air bag layer 14, and an inflatable or deflated auxiliary cavity 13 is formed between the inclined tube 3 and the air bag layer 14.
  • the surface is provided with an air control unit 4 that inflates or deflates the auxiliary cavity 13 to expand or contract the airbag layer 14 .
  • the air control unit 4 can use a device such as an air pump to inflate or deflate the auxiliary chamber 13 .
  • the middle of the filter plate 7 is provided with an elastically deformable rubber sheet 9
  • the periphery of the filter plate 7 is provided with a rubber ring 8 that is connected to the hanging plate 6 and can be elastically deformed, and the surface of the filter plate 7 has a feed drop.
  • the hanging plate 6 is attached to the inner wall of the hopper 1 , and the upper end of the hanging plate 6 is integrally provided with a hanging ring 5 hanging at the upper corner of the hopper 1 .
  • the middle of the filter plate 7 is connected by a rubber sheet 9, and the edges are connected by a rubber ring 8, so that when the grain falls on the filter plate 7, the filter plate 7 can be pressed down, so that the filter plate 7 has a V-shaped structure as a whole, which is convenient for the filtering of the grain, and The filter plate 7 can be lifted up and down, which is convenient for buffering the filtered grains, and avoids the phenomenon that the grains are directly pressed on the non-deformable filter plate 7, causing the pressure loss of the filter plate 7 to change the size of the filter holes.
  • the filter plate 7 is hung on the hopper 1 through the hanging ring 5 on the hanging plate 6, which is convenient for picking, placing and cleaning the large particles of impurities in the filter plate 7.
  • a support shell 12 is fixed on the inner wall of the hopper 1 at the bottom of the material control shell 10, the material control shell 10 and the support shell 12 are both semi-annular structures with openings facing downward, and the surface of the support shell 12 is provided with a supply control material shell 10.
  • the power mechanism 38 that moves up and down, the outer ring of the control shell 10 is fixedly provided with a rubber sealing ring 24 that is movably attached to the inner wall of the hopper 1, and the surface of the control shell 10 is provided with a leak hole that penetrates up and down and passes through the dust in the feeding 25, and the side of the upper end of the leakage hole 25 close to the middle of the material control shell 10 is provided with an inclined hole 26 for introducing the dust in the material into the leakage hole 25.
  • the inclined holes 26 make it easy for the dust in the grains to pass through the surface of the control shell 10 to be collected into the leak holes 25 and into the ash collecting hopper 11 at the bottom thereof through the leak holes 25 .
  • the power mechanism 38 can use electric push rods or cylinders, etc.
  • the power mechanism 38 can control the vertical lift of the control shell 10, which is convenient to change the size of the gap between the control shell 10 and the inner wall of the hopper 1 for grain to enter, and achieves the purpose of controlling the grain flow rate.
  • the corners of the ash collecting hopper 11 are provided with a clamping edge 23 that is engaged with the clamping plate 27 at the inner ring of the material control shell 10, and a rectangular clamping block 40 is provided in the middle of the ash collecting hopper 11.
  • the outer ring of the telescopic section is fixedly sleeved with a snap ring 39 , a rectangular block 40 is snapped and fixed on one side of the snap ring 39 , and the ash collecting hopper 11 and the power mechanism 38 are kept sealed.
  • the ash collecting hopper 11 is directly clamped in the card board 27 through the card edge 23, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the ash collecting hopper 11 and cleaning the dust collected in the ash collecting hopper 11.
  • the auxiliary cavity 13 is provided with a hard plate 28 for holding the airbag layer 14 , and the hard plate 28 can pull the airbag layer 14 to keep the surface smooth, which is convenient for the grains in the inclined pipe 3 to flow down. ;
  • One end of the hard plate 28 is fixed with a rubber connection pad 29 fixed on the inner wall of the hopper 1, and the other end of the hard plate 28 is fixed with a rubber expansion pad 30 fixed on the inner wall of the airbag layer 14.
  • the inner wall of the pipe of the pipe 3 is arranged;
  • a rubber connection pad 29 fixed on the inner wall of the inclined pipe 3 can be provided at the end of the hard plate 28, and the rubber connection pad 29 can be elastically deformed , so that the hard plate 28 can be moved when pulling the airbag layer 14, and will not cause damage to the airbag layer 14 due to hard pulling, and the end of the hard plate 28 close to the airbag layer 14 is fixed on the inner wall of the airbag layer 14.
  • the length of the rubber expansion pad 30 is greater than the length of the rubber connection pad 29, which is convenient for the expansion or contraction of the airbag layer 14. Wear phenomenon between 28, strong protection.
  • the auxiliary cavity 13 is provided with a moving ball 22, and a pushing mechanism 34 that pushes the moving ball 22 to move in the auxiliary cavity 13 is provided on the hard plate 28 on one side of the moving ball 22;
  • the pushing mechanism 34 can use devices such as electric push rods or cylinders.
  • the pushing mechanism 34 pushes the moving ball 22 to move, which can resist the shrinkage of the airbag layer 14.
  • the moving ball 22 moves back and forth in the auxiliary cavity 13
  • the airbag layer 14 is caused to creep. It helps the grains in the airbag layer 14 to flow down without clogging and has a good anti-clogging effect.
  • the invention also discloses a grain dryer, comprising the lower grain hopper as described above, and further comprising:
  • the dryer shell 2 used for drying materials the bottom side of the dryer shell 2 is provided with a feed port 18 that communicates with the inclined pipe 3 and is used for feeding, and the other side of the bottom of the dryer shell 2 is provided with a communication dryer A discharge port 19 is outside the casing 2 and is used for discharging.
  • the dryer casing 2 is provided with a lifting hopper 16 for receiving the material from the feeding port 18 , and the lifting hopper 16 is arranged on a driveable conveyor belt 17 .
  • the conveyor belt 17 is equipped with a corresponding transmission assembly, the transmission assembly includes a motor that can be fixed on the rear side of the dryer shell 2, a transmission roller connected to the rotating shaft of the motor and connected to the end of the conveyor belt 17, and the motor drives the transmission through the rotating shaft. When the rollers rotate, the conveyor belt 17 is driven to convey.
  • the lifting bucket 16 has a groove structure with an open upper end, and the lifting bucket 16 is fixed on the conveyor belt 17 by screws or other fixing means.
  • an arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is provided on the inner wall of the dryer shell 2 at the bottom of the feed port 18 for receiving the material at the feed port 18.
  • the bottom surface of the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is close to the dryer shell 2.
  • a rubber layer 33 is fixed on one side of the inner wall, the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is shielded above the lifting bucket 16, and the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 is provided between the bottom of the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 and the inner wall of the dryer shell 2 for supporting. the spring 31.
  • the lifting bucket 16 on the left side of the conveyor belt 17 rises, it will collide with the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 and tilt upward to avoid it.
  • the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 loses the conflicting effect and returns to its original position through the restoring force of the spring 31.
  • the end of the shaped receiving plate 32 is again positioned above the lower set of lifting hoppers 16, the curved receiving plate 32 serves to guide the grain entering from the feed opening 18 into the lifting hopper 16 without moving around in the dryer housing 2
  • the rubber layer 33 on the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 reduces the wear between the lifting bucket 16 and the arc-shaped receiving plate 32, and ensures that the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 can be tilted upward when it is interfered by the lifting bucket 16.
  • the upper surface of the arc-shaped receiving plate 32 has grooves for receiving grains.
  • the dryer casing 2 is provided with a support plate 35 on the side of the discharge port 19, which is shielded from the lower part of the lifting bucket 16, and the outer part of the support plate 35 is fixedly sleeved with a rubber baffle 21.
  • the rubber baffle 21 The wear between the lifting bucket 16 and the support plate body 35 is reduced, and the rubber baffle plate 21 can be used to tilt the support plate body 35, which is convenient for grains to fall through the surface of the rubber baffle plate 21 step by step;
  • the surface of the rubber baffle 21 is provided with air holes 36 that penetrate both the rubber baffle 21 and the support plate body 35, and the air holes 36 supply hot air to pass through, so as to facilitate the uniform distribution of the hot air in the dryer casing 2;
  • an inclined rubber shutter 20 is provided above one side of the rubber baffle 21, the rubber shutter 20 is arranged on one side of the lifting bucket 16, and the ends of the rubber shutter 20 and the rubber baffle 21 are both
  • the screws are fixed on the support plate 37 on the inner wall of the dryer shell 2.
  • the rubber shutter 20 receives the grains that are ejected after the rubber shutter 21 is deformed and restored to avoid damage caused by the grain hitting the dryer shell 2.
  • the rubber shutter 20 and the rubber baffle 21 are fixed on the support plate 37, and the support plate 37 is easy to disassemble and use.
  • the dryer casing 2 is provided with an inclined surface that guides the material to the discharge port 19 , and the position of the dryer casing 2 below the feed port 18 is provided with a hot air hole for introducing external hot air.
  • a kind of lower grain hopper provided by the present embodiment and the grain dryer provided with the lower grain hopper, the working process is as follows:
  • the height of the control shell 10 can be controlled by the power mechanism 38 to achieve the purpose of controlling the size of the gap between the control shell 10 and the inner wall of the hopper 1, so that the feeding speed is changed, and the grain entering the inclined pipe 3 from the hopper 1 enters the drying process.
  • the feeding port 18 in the casing 2 is received by the curved receiving plate 32 at the feeding port 18 and then introduced into the lifting bucket 16.
  • the conveyor belt 17 drives the lifting bucket 16 to ascend and descend in a cycle, so that the grains in the lifting bucket 16 are removed.
  • the lifting bucket 16 pours out the grains on the right side of the conveyor belt 17, the grains are first poured into the surface of the rubber baffle 21, and the lifting bucket 16 is constantly descending against the rubber baffle 21 to incline, so that the rubber baffle 21 is on the surface of the rubber baffle 21.
  • the grains fall into the next-stage rubber baffle 21 , and finally, the grains fall into the bottom of the dryer shell 2 and are discharged from the discharge port 19 .
  • the air control unit 4 can be activated to deflate or inflate the auxiliary cavity 13, so that the air bag layer 14 is expanded and deformed to expand or shrink, and the grains in the inclined pipe 3 are facilitated to fall, Does not cause clogging.

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Abstract

一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机，包括用于输料的斜管（3），斜管（3）的内部设有可扩张或缩紧的气囊层（14），斜管（3）与气囊层（14）之间组成可充气或放气的辅助腔（13），斜管（3）的表面设有向辅助腔（13）充气或放气以使气囊层（14）扩张或缩紧的气控单元（4），气囊层（14）扩张或缩紧时可推动斜管（3）中物料下流，避免物料堵塞，上方提升斗（16）的物料下落时会首先落入橡胶挡板（21）上，提升斗（16）经过传送带（17）的不断传输抵触橡胶挡板（21）倾斜，使橡胶挡板（21）上的物料逐级下降，最终从出料口（19）排出。

Description

一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机 技术领域
本发明涉及谷物干燥机技术领域，具体涉及一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机。
背景技术
谷物干燥机是一种专门用于对稻谷、小麦、玉米、大豆、油菜籽等颗粒料谷物的烘干设备，随着现代农业的急速发展，各类粮食作物的产量在不断增加，使得谷物干燥机的市场需求量也不断上涨，谷物干燥机已然成为粮食生产现代化中重要的一环。
现有技术中，料斗和干燥机壳体设有供料斗中物料进入干燥机壳体的管道，料在管道中容易堵塞，不易下降，且干燥机烘干料尤其是谷物时，谷物的发芽率难以得到再次提升和控制；为此我们提供一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机解决上述问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机，包括用于输料的斜管，斜管的内部设有可扩张或缩紧的气囊层，斜管与气囊层之间组成可充气或放气的辅助腔，斜管的表面设有向辅助腔充气或放气以使气囊层扩张或缩紧的气控单元，气囊层扩张或缩紧时可推动斜管中物料下流，避免物料堵塞。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的一种下粮斗，包括：
用于进料的料斗，所述料斗中部设有可过滤料中杂质的过滤机构，过滤机构包括可活动的滤板与支撑滤板的挂板，所述料斗的底部设有可上下移动以控制进料速度的控料壳，所述控料壳的底部设有收集经过控料壳表面的料中灰尘的集灰斗；
用于输料的斜管，所述斜管的内部设有可扩张或缩紧的气囊层，斜管与气囊层之间组成可充气或放气的辅助腔，所述斜管的表面设有向辅助腔充气或放气以使气囊层扩张或缩紧的气控单元。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述滤板的中部设有可弹性变形的橡胶片，滤板的周围设有与挂板连接且可弹性变形的橡胶圈，滤板的表面具有供料下落的孔，所述挂板贴合在料斗的内壁，且挂板的上端一体设有挂置在料斗上方边角处的挂环。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述控料壳底部的料斗内壁上固定设有支撑壳，所述控料壳和支撑壳均呈开口朝下的半环形结构，支撑壳的表面设有供控料壳上下移动 的动力机构，所述控料壳的外圈固定设有活动贴合在料斗内壁上的橡胶密封圈，所述控料壳的表面设有上下贯穿并供料中灰尘通过的漏孔，且漏孔上端靠近控料壳中部的一侧设有将料中灰尘引入漏孔的斜孔。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述集灰斗的边角处设置有卡合在控料壳内圈处卡板中的卡边，所述集灰斗的中部设有矩形卡块，所述动力机构的伸缩段外圈处固定套设有卡环，所述矩形卡块卡合固定在卡环的一侧，且集灰斗与动力机构之间保持密封。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述辅助腔中设有拉持气囊层的硬质板，所述硬质板的一端固定设有固定在料斗内壁上的橡胶连接垫，硬质板的另一端固定设有固定在气囊层内壁上的橡胶伸缩垫，所述气囊层沿着斜管的管道内壁设置。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述辅助腔设置有移动球，所述移动球一侧的硬质板上设置有推动移动球在辅助腔中移动的推动机构。
本发明公开了一种谷物干燥机，包括如上任一所述的下粮斗，还包括：
用于烘干料的干燥机壳体，所述干燥机壳体底部一侧设有连通斜管并用于进料的进料口，干燥机壳体底部另一侧设有连通干燥机壳体外部并用于出料的出料口，所述干燥机壳体中设有接收进料口处进料的提升斗，所述提升斗设置在可传动的传送带上。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述干燥机壳体内壁上位于进料口的底部设有承接进料口处进料的弧形接收板，所述弧形接收板的底面和靠近干燥机壳体内壁的一面均固定设有橡胶层，所述弧形接收板遮挡于提升斗的上方，且弧形接收板的底部与干燥机壳体内壁之间设有供支撑弧形接收板的弹簧。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述干燥机壳体位于出料口一侧设有遮挡于提升斗下方的支撑板体，所述支撑板体的外部固定套设有橡胶挡板，所述橡胶挡板的表面设有同时贯穿橡胶挡板与支撑板体的气孔，所述橡胶挡板的一侧上方设有倾斜遮挡的橡胶遮板，所述橡胶遮板设置于提升斗一侧，且橡胶遮板和橡胶挡板的端部均固定在通过螺钉固定在干燥机壳体内壁上的支撑板上。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，所述干燥机壳体设有将物料导向出料口的斜面，且干燥机壳体位于进料口下方的位置设有将外部热风导入的热风孔。
本发明的一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机，具备如下有益效果：
1.本发明的一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机，包括用于输料的斜管，斜管的内部设有可扩张或缩紧的气囊层，斜管与气囊层之间组成可充气或放气的辅助腔， 斜管的表面设有向辅助腔充气或放气以使气囊层扩张或缩紧的气控单元，气囊层扩张或缩紧时可推动斜管中物料下流，避免物料堵塞；
2.本发明的一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机，还包括用于烘干料的干燥机壳体，干燥机壳体底部一侧设有连通斜管并用于进料的进料口，干燥机壳体底部另一侧设有连通干燥机壳体外部并用于出料的出料口，干燥机壳体中设有接收进料口处进料的提升斗，提升斗设置在可传动的传送带上，干燥机壳体位于出料口一侧设有遮挡于提升斗下方的支撑板体，支撑板体的外部固定套设有橡胶挡板，橡胶挡板的表面设有同时贯穿橡胶挡板与支撑板体的气孔，橡胶挡板的一侧上方设有倾斜遮挡的橡胶遮板，橡胶遮板设置于提升斗一侧，且橡胶遮板和橡胶挡板的端部均固定在通过螺钉固定在干燥机壳体内壁上的支撑板上，上方提升斗的物料下落时会首先落入橡胶挡板上，提升斗经过传送带的不断传输抵触橡胶挡板倾斜，使橡胶挡板上的物料逐级下降，最终从出料口排出，避免了物料直接从高处落下而摔损的现象，提高了谷物烘干后的发芽率。
参照后文的说明与附图，详细公开了本发明的特定实施方式，指明了本发明的原理可以被采用的方式，应该理解，本发明的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制，在所附权利要求的精神和条款的范围内，本发明的实施方式包括许多改变、修改和等同。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的料斗和斜管内部结构示意图；
图3为本发明的干燥机壳体内部结构示意图；
图4为本发明的斜管中设有移动球时的结构示意图；
图5为本发明的图2中A处结构放大示意图；
图6为本发明的图2中B处结构放大示意图；
图7为本发明的图3中C处结构放大示意图；
图8为本发明的图3中D处结构放大示意图；
图9为本发明的图4中E处结构放大示意图；
图10为本发明的图2中F处结构放大示意图。
图中：料斗1、干燥机壳体2、斜管3、气控单元4、挂环5、挂板6、滤板7、橡胶圈8、橡胶片9、控料壳10、集灰斗11、支撑壳12、辅助腔13、气囊层14、提升斗 16、传送带17、进料口18、出料口19、橡胶遮板20、橡胶挡板21、移动球22、卡边23、橡胶密封圈24、漏孔25、斜孔26、卡板27、硬质板28、橡胶连接垫29、橡胶伸缩垫30、弹簧31、弧形接收板32、橡胶层33、推动机构34、支撑板体35、气孔36、支撑板37、动力机构38、卡环39、矩形卡块40。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面通过附图中及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。但是应该理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明的范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“设置于、设有”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件，当一个元件被认为是“连接、相连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件，“固连”为固定连接的含义，固定连接的方式有很多种，不作为本文的保护范围，本文中所使用的术语“垂直的”“水平的”“左”“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同，本文中在说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在限制本发明，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合；
请参阅说明书附图1-10，
实施例一
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种下粮斗，包括：
用于进料的料斗1，料斗1中部设有可过滤料中杂质的过滤机构，过滤机构包括可活动的滤板7与支撑滤板7的挂板6，料斗1的底部设有可上下移动以控制进料速度的控料壳10，控料壳10的底部设有收集经过控料壳10表面的料中灰尘的集灰斗11；
用于输料的斜管3，斜管3的内部设有可扩张或缩紧的气囊层14，斜管3与气囊层14之间组成可充气或放气的辅助腔13，斜管3的表面设有向辅助腔13充气或放气以使气囊层14扩张或缩紧的气控单元4。
本实施例中，气控单元4可使用气泵等装置，给辅助腔13充气或放气。
需要说明的是，滤板7的中部设有可弹性变形的橡胶片9，滤板7的周围设有与挂 板6连接且可弹性变形的橡胶圈8，滤板7的表面具有供料下落的孔，挂板6贴合在料斗1的内壁，且挂板6的上端一体设有挂置在料斗1上方边角处的挂环5。
滤板7中部通过橡胶片9连接，边缘通过橡胶圈8连接，使得谷物落入滤板7上时可压合滤板7下降，使得滤板7整体呈V字形结构，便于谷物的过滤，且滤板7可升降，便于对过滤的谷物进行缓冲，避免了谷物直接压合在不可变形的滤板7上，导致滤板7压损滤孔大小变化的现象。
而滤板7通过挂板6上的挂环5挂置在料斗1上，方便取放与清理滤板7中的大颗粒杂质。
进一步的，控料壳10底部的料斗1内壁上固定设有支撑壳12，控料壳10和支撑壳12均呈开口朝下的半环形结构，支撑壳12的表面设有供控料壳10上下移动的动力机构38，控料壳10的外圈固定设有活动贴合在料斗1内壁上的橡胶密封圈24，控料壳10的表面设有上下贯穿并供料中灰尘通过的漏孔25，且漏孔25上端靠近控料壳10中部的一侧设有将料中灰尘引入漏孔25的斜孔26。
斜孔26使得经过控料壳10表面谷物中的灰尘易于收集入漏孔25并由漏孔25进入其底部的集灰斗11中。
动力机构38可使用电动推杆或气缸等，动力机构38可控制控料壳10垂直升降，方便改变控料壳10与料斗1内壁供谷物进入的间隙大小，达到了控制谷物流速的目的。
具体的，在集灰斗11的边角处设置有卡合在控料壳10内圈处卡板27中的卡边23，集灰斗11的中部设有矩形卡块40，动力机构38的伸缩段外圈处固定套设有卡环39，矩形卡块40卡合固定在卡环39的一侧，且集灰斗11与动力机构38之间保持密封。
集灰斗11通过卡边23直接卡合在卡板27中，方便集灰斗11的拆装和清理其内部收集的灰尘，且集灰斗11中部直接通过矩形卡块40卡合固定在卡环39上，方便拆装连接。
本实施例中，辅助腔13中设有拉持气囊层14的硬质板28，硬质板28可起到拉持气囊层14使其表面保持平滑的现象，方便斜管3中的谷物下流；
硬质板28的一端固定设有固定在料斗1内壁上的橡胶连接垫29，硬质板28的另一端固定设有固定在气囊层14内壁上的橡胶伸缩垫30，气囊层14沿着斜管3的管道内壁设置；
需要说明的是，为了使硬质板28方便与料斗1内壁之间固定，可在硬质板28端 部设有固定在斜管3内壁上的橡胶连接垫29，橡胶连接垫29可弹性变形，使得硬质板28在拉持气囊层14时活动拉持，不会造成硬性拉持造成对气囊层14损伤，且硬质板28靠近气囊层14的一端固定设有固定在气囊层14内壁上的橡胶伸缩垫30，橡胶伸缩垫30的长度大于橡胶连接垫29的长度，便于气囊层14可扩张或缩小的范围较大，且在气囊层14扩张或缩小时不会造成和硬质板28之间磨损的现象，保护性强。
本发明还公开了一种谷物干燥机，包括如上任一的下粮斗，还包括：
用于烘干料的干燥机壳体2，干燥机壳体2底部一侧设有连通斜管3并用于进料的进料口18，干燥机壳体2底部另一侧设有连通干燥机壳体2外部并用于出料的出料口19，干燥机壳体2中设有接收进料口18处进料的提升斗16，提升斗16设置在可传动的传送带17上。
传送带17上配备有相应的传动组件，传动组件包括可固定在干燥机壳体2后侧的电机、传动连接在电机的转轴上并传动连接在传送带17端部的传动辊，电机通过转轴带动传动辊转动时带动传送带17传送。
装置中，提升斗16呈上端开口的槽体结构，提升斗16通过螺钉或其它固定方式固定在传送带17上。
本实施例中，干燥机壳体2内壁上位于进料口18的底部设有承接进料口18处进料的弧形接收板32，弧形接收板32的底面和靠近干燥机壳体2内壁的一面均固定设有橡胶层33，弧形接收板32遮挡于提升斗16的上方，且弧形接收板32的底部与干燥机壳体2内壁之间设有供支撑弧形接收板32的弹簧31。
传送带17左侧的提升斗16上升时会抵触弧形接收板32向上倾斜产生避让，提升斗16继续上升时，弧形接收板32失去抵触作用而通过弹簧31的恢复力作用恢复原位，弧形接收板32的端部再次位置下方一组的提升斗16上方，弧形接收板32起到了将由进料口18进入的谷物导入提升斗16中而不会在干燥机壳体2中随处移动的作用，弧形接收板32上的橡胶层33减少提升斗16与弧形接收板32之间的磨损，且保证了弧形接收板32在被提升斗16抵触时可向上倾斜。弧形接收板32上表面具有承接谷物的凹槽。
需要说明的是，干燥机壳体2位于出料口19一侧设有遮挡于提升斗16下方的支撑板体35，支撑板体35的外部固定套设有橡胶挡板21，橡胶挡板21减少了提升斗16和支撑板体35之间的磨损，且橡胶挡板21可供支撑板体35倾斜，方便谷物逐级经过 橡胶挡板21的表面下落；
且橡胶挡板21的表面设有同时贯穿橡胶挡板21与支撑板体35的气孔36，气孔36供热气通过，便于将热气均匀分布在干燥机壳体2中；
具体的，橡胶挡板21的一侧上方设有倾斜遮挡的橡胶遮板20，橡胶遮板20设置于提升斗16一侧，且橡胶遮板20和橡胶挡板21的端部均固定在通过螺钉固定在干燥机壳体2内壁上的支撑板37上，橡胶遮板20接收橡胶挡板21被抵触变形恢复后弹出的谷物，避免谷物砸在干燥机壳体2上造成损伤，橡胶遮板20和橡胶挡板21均固定在支撑板37上，支撑板37便于拆装和使用。
干燥机壳体2设有将物料导向出料口19的斜面，且干燥机壳体2位于进料口18下方的位置设有将外部热风导入的热风孔。
本实施方式提供的一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机，工作过程如下：
谷物从料斗1上方进入，谷物经过滤板7过滤去除大颗粒杂质，然后经过控料壳10表面，谷物中的灰尘从控料壳10表面的漏孔25漏入集灰斗11进行收集，而通过动力机构38可控制控料壳10的高度，达到控制控料壳10和料斗1内壁之间间隙大小的目的，使得进料速度有所改变，而由料斗1进入斜管3的谷物进入干燥机壳体2中的进料口18中，由进料口18处的弧形接收板32接收后导入提升斗16中，传送带17带动提升斗16上升下降循环，使得提升斗16中的谷物被均匀烘干，提升斗16在进入传送带17右侧将谷物倒出时，谷物首先倒入橡胶挡板21的表面，经过不断下降的提升斗16抵触橡胶挡板21倾斜，使得橡胶挡板21上的谷物落入下一级橡胶挡板21上，最终，谷物落入干燥机壳体2的底部由出料口19排出。
进入斜管3中的谷物若是将斜管3堵塞时，可启动气控单元4对辅助腔13放气或充气，使得气囊层14膨胀变形以扩张或缩小，促进斜管3中的谷物落下，不会造成堵塞。
实施例二
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种下粮斗，包括：
用于进料的料斗1，料斗1中部设有可过滤料中杂质的过滤机构，过滤机构包括可活动的滤板7与支撑滤板7的挂板6，料斗1的底部设有可上下移动以控制进料速度的控料壳10，控料壳10的底部设有收集经过控料壳10表面的料中灰尘的集灰斗11；
用于输料的斜管3，斜管3的内部设有可扩张或缩紧的气囊层14，斜管3与气囊 层14之间组成可充气或放气的辅助腔13，斜管3的表面设有向辅助腔13充气或放气以使气囊层14扩张或缩紧的气控单元4。
本实施例中，气控单元4可使用气泵等装置，给辅助腔13充气或放气。
需要说明的是，滤板7的中部设有可弹性变形的橡胶片9，滤板7的周围设有与挂板6连接且可弹性变形的橡胶圈8，滤板7的表面具有供料下落的孔，挂板6贴合在料斗1的内壁，且挂板6的上端一体设有挂置在料斗1上方边角处的挂环5。
滤板7中部通过橡胶片9连接，边缘通过橡胶圈8连接，使得谷物落入滤板7上时可压合滤板7下降，使得滤板7整体呈V字形结构，便于谷物的过滤，且滤板7可升降，便于对过滤的谷物进行缓冲，避免了谷物直接压合在不可变形的滤板7上，导致滤板7压损滤孔大小变化的现象。
而滤板7通过挂板6上的挂环5挂置在料斗1上，方便取放与清理滤板7中的大颗粒杂质。
进一步的，控料壳10底部的料斗1内壁上固定设有支撑壳12，控料壳10和支撑壳12均呈开口朝下的半环形结构，支撑壳12的表面设有供控料壳10上下移动的动力机构38，控料壳10的外圈固定设有活动贴合在料斗1内壁上的橡胶密封圈24，控料壳10的表面设有上下贯穿并供料中灰尘通过的漏孔25，且漏孔25上端靠近控料壳10中部的一侧设有将料中灰尘引入漏孔25的斜孔26。
斜孔26使得经过控料壳10表面谷物中的灰尘易于收集入漏孔25并由漏孔25进入其底部的集灰斗11中。
动力机构38可使用电动推杆或气缸等，动力机构38可控制控料壳10垂直升降，方便改变控料壳10与料斗1内壁供谷物进入的间隙大小，达到了控制谷物流速的目的。
具体的，在集灰斗11的边角处设置有卡合在控料壳10内圈处卡板27中的卡边23，集灰斗11的中部设有矩形卡块40，动力机构38的伸缩段外圈处固定套设有卡环39，矩形卡块40卡合固定在卡环39的一侧，且集灰斗11与动力机构38之间保持密封。
集灰斗11通过卡边23直接卡合在卡板27中，方便集灰斗11的拆装和清理其内部收集的灰尘，且集灰斗11中部直接通过矩形卡块40卡合固定在卡环39上，方便拆装连接。
本实施例中，辅助腔13中设有拉持气囊层14的硬质板28，硬质板28可起到拉持气囊层14使其表面保持平滑的现象，方便斜管3中的谷物下流；
硬质板28的一端固定设有固定在料斗1内壁上的橡胶连接垫29，硬质板28的另一端固定设有固定在气囊层14内壁上的橡胶伸缩垫30，气囊层14沿着斜管3的管道内壁设置；
需要说明的是，为了使硬质板28方便与料斗1内壁之间固定，可在硬质板28端部设有固定在斜管3内壁上的橡胶连接垫29，橡胶连接垫29可弹性变形，使得硬质板28在拉持气囊层14时活动拉持，不会造成硬性拉持造成对气囊层14损伤，且硬质板28靠近气囊层14的一端固定设有固定在气囊层14内壁上的橡胶伸缩垫30，橡胶伸缩垫30的长度大于橡胶连接垫29的长度，便于气囊层14可扩张或缩小的范围较大，且在气囊层14扩张或缩小时不会造成和硬质板28之间磨损的现象，保护性强。
本实施例中，辅助腔13设置有移动球22，移动球22一侧的硬质板28上设置有推动移动球22在辅助腔13中移动的推动机构34；
推动机构34可使用电动推杆或气缸等装置，推动机构34推动移动球22移动，可抵触气囊层14缩小，移动球22在辅助腔13中来回移动时，造成气囊层14蠕动的现象，有助于气囊层14中的谷物下流，不会堵塞，防堵效果好。
本发明还公开了一种谷物干燥机，包括如上任一的下粮斗，还包括：
用于烘干料的干燥机壳体2，干燥机壳体2底部一侧设有连通斜管3并用于进料的进料口18，干燥机壳体2底部另一侧设有连通干燥机壳体2外部并用于出料的出料口19，干燥机壳体2中设有接收进料口18处进料的提升斗16，提升斗16设置在可传动的传送带17上。
传送带17上配备有相应的传动组件，传动组件包括可固定在干燥机壳体2后侧的电机、传动连接在电机的转轴上并传动连接在传送带17端部的传动辊，电机通过转轴带动传动辊转动时带动传送带17传送。
装置中，提升斗16呈上端开口的槽体结构，提升斗16通过螺钉或其它固定方式固定在传送带17上。
本实施例中，干燥机壳体2内壁上位于进料口18的底部设有承接进料口18处进料的弧形接收板32，弧形接收板32的底面和靠近干燥机壳体2内壁的一面均固定设有橡胶层33，弧形接收板32遮挡于提升斗16的上方，且弧形接收板32的底部与干燥机壳体2内壁之间设有供支撑弧形接收板32的弹簧31。
传送带17左侧的提升斗16上升时会抵触弧形接收板32向上倾斜产生避让，提升 斗16继续上升时，弧形接收板32失去抵触作用而通过弹簧31的恢复力作用恢复原位，弧形接收板32的端部再次位置下方一组的提升斗16上方，弧形接收板32起到了将由进料口18进入的谷物导入提升斗16中而不会在干燥机壳体2中随处移动的作用，弧形接收板32上的橡胶层33减少提升斗16与弧形接收板32之间的磨损，且保证了弧形接收板32在被提升斗16抵触时可向上倾斜。弧形接收板32上表面具有承接谷物的凹槽。
需要说明的是，干燥机壳体2位于出料口19一侧设有遮挡于提升斗16下方的支撑板体35，支撑板体35的外部固定套设有橡胶挡板21，橡胶挡板21减少了提升斗16和支撑板体35之间的磨损，且橡胶挡板21可供支撑板体35倾斜，方便谷物逐级经过橡胶挡板21的表面下落；
且橡胶挡板21的表面设有同时贯穿橡胶挡板21与支撑板体35的气孔36，气孔36供热气通过，便于将热气均匀分布在干燥机壳体2中；
具体的，橡胶挡板21的一侧上方设有倾斜遮挡的橡胶遮板20，橡胶遮板20设置于提升斗16一侧，且橡胶遮板20和橡胶挡板21的端部均固定在通过螺钉固定在干燥机壳体2内壁上的支撑板37上，橡胶遮板20接收橡胶挡板21被抵触变形恢复后弹出的谷物，避免谷物砸在干燥机壳体2上造成损伤，橡胶遮板20和橡胶挡板21均固定在支撑板37上，支撑板37便于拆装和使用。
干燥机壳体2设有将物料导向出料口19的斜面，且干燥机壳体2位于进料口18下方的位置设有将外部热风导入的热风孔。
本实施方式提供的一种下粮斗及具备该下粮斗的谷物干燥机，工作过程如下：
谷物从料斗1上方进入，谷物经过滤板7过滤去除大颗粒杂质，然后经过控料壳10表面，谷物中的灰尘从控料壳10表面的漏孔25漏入集灰斗11进行收集，而通过动力机构38可控制控料壳10的高度，达到控制控料壳10和料斗1内壁之间间隙大小的目的，使得进料速度有所改变，而由料斗1进入斜管3的谷物进入干燥机壳体2中的进料口18中，由进料口18处的弧形接收板32接收后导入提升斗16中，传送带17带动提升斗16上升下降循环，使得提升斗16中的谷物被均匀烘干，提升斗16在进入传送带17右侧将谷物倒出时，谷物首先倒入橡胶挡板21的表面，经过不断下降的提升斗16抵触橡胶挡板21倾斜，使得橡胶挡板21上的谷物落入下一级橡胶挡板21上，最终，谷物落入干燥机壳体2的底部由出料口19排出。
进入斜管3中的谷物若是将斜管3堵塞时，可启动气控单元4对辅助腔13放气或充气，使得气囊层14膨胀变形以扩张或缩小，促进斜管3中的谷物落下，不会造成堵塞。
仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种下粮斗，其特征在于，包括：
    用于进料的料斗，所述料斗中部设有可过滤料中杂质的过滤机构，过滤机构包括可活动的滤板与支撑滤板的挂板，所述料斗的底部设有可上下移动以控制进料速度的控料壳，所述控料壳的底部设有收集经过控料壳表面的料中灰尘的集灰斗；
    用于输料的斜管，所述斜管的内部设有可扩张或缩紧的气囊层，斜管与气囊层之间组成可充气或放气的辅助腔，所述斜管的表面设有向辅助腔充气或放气以使气囊层扩张或缩紧的气控单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种下粮斗，其特征在于：所述滤板的中部设有可弹性变形的橡胶片，滤板的周围设有与挂板连接且可弹性变形的橡胶圈，滤板的表面具有供料下落的孔，所述挂板贴合在料斗的内壁，且挂板的上端一体设有挂置在料斗上方边角处的挂环。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种下粮斗，其特征在于：所述控料壳底部的料斗内壁上固定设有支撑壳，所述控料壳和支撑壳均呈开口朝下的半环形结构，支撑壳的表面设有供控料壳上下移动的动力机构，所述控料壳的外圈固定设有活动贴合在料斗内壁上的橡胶密封圈，所述控料壳的表面设有上下贯穿并供料中灰尘通过的漏孔，且漏孔上端靠近控料壳中部的一侧设有将料中灰尘引入漏孔的斜孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种下粮斗，其特征在于：所述集灰斗的边角处设置有卡合在控料壳内圈处卡板中的卡边，所述集灰斗的中部设有矩形卡块，所述动力机构的伸缩段外圈处固定套设有卡环，所述矩形卡块卡合固定在卡环的一侧，且集灰斗与动力机构之间保持密封。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种下粮斗，其特征在于：所述辅助腔中设有拉持气囊层的硬质板，所述硬质板的一端固定设有固定在料斗内壁上的橡胶连接垫，硬质板的另一端固定设有固定在气囊层内壁上的橡胶伸缩垫，所述气囊层沿着斜管的管道内壁设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种下粮斗，其特征在于：所述辅助腔设置有移动球，所述移动球一侧的硬质板上设置有推动移动球在辅助腔中移动的推动机构。
  7. 一种谷物干燥机，包括权利要求1-6任一所述的下粮斗，其特征在于：还包括：
    用于烘干料的干燥机壳体，所述干燥机壳体底部一侧设有连通斜管并用于进料的进料口，干燥机壳体底部另一侧设有连通干燥机壳体外部并用于出料的出料口，所述 干燥机壳体中设有接收进料口处进料的提升斗，所述提升斗设置在可传动的传送带上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种谷物干燥机，其特征在于：所述干燥机壳体内壁上位于进料口的底部设有承接进料口处进料的弧形接收板，所述弧形接收板的底面和靠近干燥机壳体内壁的一面均固定设有橡胶层，所述弧形接收板遮挡于提升斗的上方，且弧形接收板的底部与干燥机壳体内壁之间设有供支撑弧形接收板的弹簧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种谷物干燥机，其特征在于：所述干燥机壳体位于出料口一侧设有遮挡于提升斗下方的支撑板体，所述支撑板体的外部固定套设有橡胶挡板，所述橡胶挡板的表面设有同时贯穿橡胶挡板与支撑板体的气孔，所述橡胶挡板的一侧上方设有倾斜遮挡的橡胶遮板，所述橡胶遮板设置于提升斗一侧，且橡胶遮板和橡胶挡板的端部均固定在通过螺钉固定在干燥机壳体内壁上的支撑板上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种谷物干燥机，其特征在于：所述干燥机壳体设有将物料导向出料口的斜面，且干燥机壳体位于进料口下方的位置设有将外部热风导入的热风孔。
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