WO2022012160A1 - 一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022012160A1
WO2022012160A1 PCT/CN2021/094883 CN2021094883W WO2022012160A1 WO 2022012160 A1 WO2022012160 A1 WO 2022012160A1 CN 2021094883 W CN2021094883 W CN 2021094883W WO 2022012160 A1 WO2022012160 A1 WO 2022012160A1
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parts
feed
prepared
powder
microbial fermentation
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PCT/CN2021/094883
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭程
孟玲琳
朱化荣
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安徽省正大源饲料集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2022012160A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012160A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/01840A priority Critical patent/ZA202201840B/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
    • A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
    • A23V2400/123—Bulgaricus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of pig feed, in particular to a suckling pig feed prepared by microbial fermentation and a preparation method thereof.
  • the present invention provides a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problems of unsound function of the digestive tract of suckling pigs, insufficient secretion of gastric acid, variable gastrointestinal microflora, Insufficient secretion of digestive enzymes and poor protein digestion can easily cause problems such as increased osmotic pressure of intestinal contents, and diarrhea caused by intestinal dehydration.
  • the activity of beneficial bacteria in the finished product is completely retained, and the process is simple and easy to produce.
  • Another technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of soybeans, 30-50 parts of corn seeds, and 15 parts of chicken meat. ⁇ 20 servings, 20-25 servings of fish meal, 15-20 servings of nuts, 10-15 servings of vegetables and fruits, 20-30 servings of distiller's grains, 15-20 servings of wheat peel, 2-4 servings of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 10-10 servings of bacterial liquid 15 servings.
  • the chicken is chicken breast cut into pieces, boiled in water, removed, minced into minced meat by a mincer, and dried.
  • the fish meal is a mixture of small fish and shrimp, the small fish and shrimp are dried to make dried fish, and then pulverized to make full-fat fish meal.
  • the particle size of the full-fat fish meal is 1.5-2.5 mm.
  • the nuts include 6-10 parts of walnuts, 6-10 parts of peanuts and 3-5 parts of melon seeds, and the walnuts, peanuts and melon seeds are respectively crushed, mixed and dried.
  • the particle sizes of the crushed walnuts, peanuts and melon seeds are respectively 1.5-2.5 mm.
  • the melon seeds are sunflower seeds.
  • the vegetables and fruits include 3-4 portions of carrots, 3-4 portions of green vegetables, 2-4 portions of apple peels, and 2-3 portions of orange peels. Put the peel and orange peel into the drying room, dry at 60°C, pulverize and make powder separately, and mix.
  • the particle diameters of carrot, green vegetable, apple peel and orange peel after pulverization and milling are respectively 1.5-2.5 mm.
  • the bacterial liquid includes No. 1 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast, and No. 2 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger .
  • a preparation method of suckling pig feed prepared by microbial fermentation the specific steps are as follows:
  • step 6 Mix the crop powder, fish meal, vegetable and fruit powder and nut powder prepared in step 1) to step 4) and dissolve in water, heat to 40 ⁇ 45°C, add Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast mixed bacteria, Anaerobic fermentation for 6-8 hours;
  • step 7) Dissolving the plant powder prepared in step 5) in water, adding Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger mixed bacteria, and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 3 to 5 days;
  • step 8) Mixing the fermented bacterial liquid in step 6) and the fermented bacterial liquid in step 7), adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, stirring and dissolving, putting it into a drying room, drying at 60° C., granulating, and making feed.
  • the concentration of each bacteria in the bacterial liquid of Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast is 1 ⁇ 10 7 CFU/g.
  • the concentration of each bacteria in the mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger in the step 7) is 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/g.
  • the raw materials are classified and fermented, the raw materials with high protein content are fermented with beneficial bacteria, the ones with high fiber content are subjected to fiber decomposition and fermentation, and then mixed and granulated, which increases the content of beneficial bacteria in the feed, and also solves some raw materials.
  • the problem of high fiber content is not easy to absorb, and it has the characteristics of high nutrition, easy digestion and good palatability.
  • the feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation involves the process of fermenting the bacterial liquid at low temperature to realize granulation at lower temperature, and solves the problem that high temperature granulation affects the activity of probiotics in the prior art.
  • the suckling pig feed prepared by the invention can not only provide the nutritional requirements of suckling pigs, but also ensure the activity of probiotics, enhance the immunity of suckling pigs, and improve the disease resistance of suckling pigs.
  • the method for preparing the feed for suckling piglets has a simple process and is easy to operate, and can greatly improve the market competitiveness of the feed for suckling piglets.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of soybeans, 30-50 parts of corn kernels, 15-20 parts of chicken, 20-25 parts of fish meal, and 15 parts of nuts ⁇ 20 parts, 10-15 parts of vegetables and fruits, 20-30 parts of distiller's grains, 15-20 parts of wheat peel, 2-4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 10-15 parts of bacterial liquid.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts include 6-10 parts of walnuts, 6-10 parts of peanuts and 3-5 parts of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 3-4 parts of carrots, 3-4 parts of green vegetables, and 2 parts of apple peels ⁇ 4 parts and 2-3 parts of orange peel; the bacterial liquid includes No. 1 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast, and No. 2 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger.
  • a preparation method of suckling pig feed prepared by microbial fermentation the specific steps are as follows:
  • step 7) Dissolving the plant powder prepared in step 5) in water, adding Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger mixed bacteria, and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 3 to 5 days;
  • step 8) Mixing the fermented bacterial liquid in step 6) and the fermented bacterial liquid in step 7), adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, stirring and dissolving, putting it into a drying room, drying at 60° C., granulating, and making feed.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of soybeans, 30-50 parts of corn kernels, 15-20 parts of chicken, 20-25 parts of fish meal, and 15 parts of nuts ⁇ 20 parts, 10-15 parts of vegetables and fruits, 20-30 parts of distiller's grains, 15-20 parts of wheat peel, 2-4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 10-15 parts of bacterial liquid.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts include 6-10 parts of walnuts, 6-10 parts of peanuts and 3-5 parts of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 3-4 parts of carrots, 3-4 parts of green vegetables, and 2 parts of apple peels ⁇ 4 parts and 2-3 parts of orange peel; the bacterial liquid includes No. 1 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast, and No. 2 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger.
  • a preparation method of the feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation is the same as that in Example 1.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of soybeans, 30-50 parts of corn kernels, 15-20 parts of chicken, 20-25 parts of fish meal, and 15 parts of nuts ⁇ 20 parts, 10-15 parts of vegetables and fruits, 20-30 parts of distiller's grains, 15-20 parts of wheat peel, 2-4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 10-15 parts of bacterial liquid.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts include 6-10 parts of walnuts, 6-10 parts of peanuts and 3-5 parts of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 3-4 parts of carrots, 3-4 parts of green vegetables, and 2 parts of apple peels ⁇ 4 parts and 2-3 parts of orange peel; the bacterial liquid includes No. 1 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast, and No. 2 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger.
  • a preparation method of the feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation is the same as that in Example 1.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of soybeans, 30-50 parts of corn kernels, 15-20 parts of chicken, 20-25 parts of fish meal, and 15 parts of nuts ⁇ 20 parts, 10-15 parts of vegetables and fruits, 20-30 parts of distiller's grains, 15-20 parts of wheat peel, 2-4 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 10-15 parts of bacterial liquid.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts include 6-10 parts of walnuts, 6-10 parts of peanuts and 3-5 parts of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 3-4 parts of carrots, 3-4 parts of green vegetables, and 2 parts of apple peels ⁇ 4 parts and 2-3 parts of orange peel; the bacterial liquid includes No. 1 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast, and No. 2 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger.
  • a preparation method of feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation is the same as that in Example 1, with the following differences: 1. Step 6) heating temperature at 40-45° C., anaerobic fermentation for 6-8 hours; 2. Step 7) anaerobic fermentation at room temperature Fermentation for 3 to 5 days.
  • the raw material of Example 1 was used.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • step 6) Mix the raw materials from step 1) to step 5) and dissolve in water, then add calcium hydrogen phosphate, stir and dissolve, put it into a drying room, dry at 60°C, granulate, and make feed.
  • a feed for suckling piglets comprises the following raw materials by weight: 63 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of bran, 4 parts of fish meal and 4 parts of premixed additives. Wherein fish meal and premix additives are the same as those described in Example 1.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • Feeding experiments on suckling pigs were carried out on the feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 5, and the feed prepared in Example 6 was used as a control. Each group was fed 100 piglets for 35 days, and the weight gain, illness (mainly diarrhea) and death of the pigs were observed.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials by weight: 20kg of soybean meal, 20kg of soybeans, 30kg of corn kernels, 20kg of chicken, 20kg of fish meal, 20kg of nuts, 10kg of vegetables and fruits, 30kg of distiller's grains, 15kg of wheat husk, and hydrogen phosphate. Calcium 4kg and bacterial liquid 10kg.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts are 6kg of walnuts, 10kg of peanuts and 3kg of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 4kg of carrots, 3kg of green vegetables, 4kg of apple peels and 2kg of orange peels; bacteria liquids include Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • the concentration of each bacteria in the bacterial solution of Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast is 1 ⁇ 10 7 CFU/g;
  • a preparation method of suckling pig feed prepared by microbial fermentation the specific steps are as follows:
  • step 1) to step 4) The crop powder, fish meal, vegetable and fruit powder and nut powder prepared in step 1) to step 4) are mixed and dissolved in water, heated to 40° C., and added Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast mixed bacteria (the inoculum 5%), anaerobic fermentation for 6 hours;
  • step 7) Dissolving the plant powder prepared in step 5) in water, adding Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger mixed bacteria (5% inoculum), and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 3 days;
  • step 8) Mixing the fermented bacterial liquid in step 6) and the fermented bacterial liquid in step 7), adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, stirring and dissolving, putting it into a drying room, drying at 60° C., granulating, and making feed.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: soybean meal 30kg, soybean 10kg, corn kernels 50kg, chicken 15kg, fish meal 25kg, nuts 15kg, vegetables and fruits 15kg, distiller's grains 20kg, wheat peel 20kg, hydrogen phosphate Calcium 2kg and bacterial liquid 15kg.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts include 10kg of walnuts, 6kg of peanuts and 5kg of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 3kg of carrots, 4kg of green vegetables, 2kg of apple peels and 3kg of orange peels; bacteria liquids include Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • the No. 1 strain mixed with yeast and the No. 2 strain mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger In the No. 1 bacterial solution, the concentration of each bacteria in the bacterial solution of Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast was 1 ⁇ 10 7 CFU/g. In the second bacterial solution, the concentration of each bacteria in the mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger was 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/g.
  • a preparation method of suckling pig feed prepared by microbial fermentation the specific steps are as follows:
  • the particle diameters of the pulverized walnuts, peanuts and melon seeds are respectively 2.0mm, mix, dry, and make nut powder;
  • step 1) to step 4) The crop powder, fish meal, vegetable and fruit powder and nut powder prepared in step 1) to step 4) are mixed and dissolved in water, heated to 45 ° C, and added with Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast mixed bacteria (the inoculum 5%), anaerobic fermentation for 8 hours;
  • step 7) Dissolving the plant powder prepared in step 5) in water, adding Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger mixed bacteria (the inoculation amount is 5%), and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 5 days;
  • step 8) Mixing the fermented bacterial liquid in step 6) and the fermented bacterial liquid in step 7), adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, stirring and dissolving, putting it into a drying room, drying at 60° C., granulating, and making feed.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials by weight: 25kg of soybean meal, 15kg of soybeans, 40kg of corn kernels, 18kg of chicken, 22kg of fish meal, 18kg of nuts, 13kg of vegetables and fruits, 25kg of distiller's grains, 18kg of wheat husk, and hydrogen phosphate. Calcium 3kg and bacterial liquid 13kg.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts include 8kg of walnuts, 8kg of peanuts and 4kg of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 3.5kg of carrots, 3.5kg of green vegetables, 3kg of apple peels and 2.5kg of orange peels; bacteria liquids include Bacillus bulgaricus, The No. 1 bacterial liquid mixed with Lactobacillus acidi and yeast and the No. 2 bacterial liquid mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger.
  • No. 1 bacterial solution the concentration of each bacteria in bacterial solutions of Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast was 1 ⁇ 10 7 CFU/g.
  • the concentration of each bacteria in the mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger was 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/g
  • a preparation method of suckling pig feed prepared by microbial fermentation the specific steps are as follows:
  • the particle diameters of the pulverized walnuts, peanuts and melon seeds are respectively 2.0mm, mix, dry, and make nut powder;
  • step 6 Mix and dissolve the crop powder, fish meal, vegetable and fruit powder and nut powder prepared in step 1) to step 4) in water, heat to 40 ⁇ 45° C., add Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast mixed bacteria ( The inoculation amount is 5%), and the anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 6 to 8 hours;
  • step 7) Dissolving the plant powder prepared in step 5) in water, adding Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger mixed bacteria (the inoculum amount is 5%), and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 3 to 5 days;
  • step 8) Mixing the fermented bacterial liquid in step 6) and the fermented bacterial liquid in step 7), adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, stirring and dissolving, putting it into a drying room, drying at 60° C., granulating, and making feed.
  • a feed for suckling piglets prepared by microbial fermentation comprising the following raw materials by weight: soybean meal 23kg, soybean 18kg, corn kernels 35kg, chicken 18kg, fish meal 23kg, nuts 17kg, vegetables and fruits 13kg, distiller's grains 27kg, wheat peel 18kg, hydrogen phosphate Calcium 3kg and bacterial liquid 13kg.
  • Fish meal is mixed powder of small fish and shrimp; nuts include 8kg of walnuts, 8kg of peanuts and 5kg of melon seeds; vegetables and fruits include 3kg of carrots, 3kg of green vegetables, 2kg of apple peels and 3kg of orange peels; bacteria liquids include Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • the No. 1 strain mixed with yeast and the No. 2 strain mixed with Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger In No. 1 bacterial solution, the concentration of each bacteria in bacterial solutions of Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast was 1 ⁇ 10 7 CFU/g. In the second bacterial solution, the concentration of each bacteria in the mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger was 1 ⁇ 10 8 CFU/g.
  • a preparation method of suckling pig feed prepared by microbial fermentation the specific steps are as follows:
  • step 6 Mix and dissolve the crop powder, fish meal, vegetable and fruit powder and nut powder prepared in step 1) to step 4) in water, heat to 40 ⁇ 45° C., add Bacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast mixed bacteria ( The inoculation amount is 5%), and the anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 6 to 8 hours;
  • step 7) Dissolving the plant powder prepared in step 5) in water, adding Bacillus subtilis, Candida utilis and Aspergillus niger mixed bacteria (the inoculum amount is 5%), and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 3 to 5 days;
  • step 8) Mixing the fermented bacterial liquid in step 6) and the fermented bacterial liquid in step 7), adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, stirring and dissolving, putting it into a drying room, drying at 60° C., granulating, and making feed.
  • Feeding experiments of suckling pigs were carried out with the feeds prepared in Examples 7-10, and the feed prepared in Example 6 was used as a control. Each group was fed 100 suckling pigs for 35 days. The starting weight was the average weight of suckling pigs in the second column for 3 weeks. It was more suitable for newly weaned piglets (10 days old) to feed 25 grams of feed a day. At the age of 5 weeks, 200 grams of feed can be supplemented per day, and an average of 800 grams of feed per day can be supplemented at 35 to 60 days old.
  • the dry matter intake of piglets accounts for about 5% of their body weight
  • the air-dried feed accounts for about 6% of their body weight
  • the green feed intake accounts for about 25% of their body weight.
  • the piglets should be fed quantitatively and regularly, and less frequently added to prevent overeating. Observe the pig's weight gain, illness (mainly diarrhea), and death. The results are shown in Table 2.

Abstract

一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料及其制备方法，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20～30份、大豆10～20份、玉米籽粒30～50份、鸡肉15～20份、鱼粉20～25份、坚果类15～20份、蔬菜水果类10～15份、酒糟20～30份、麦皮15～20份、磷酸氢钙2～4份和菌液10～15份；制备方法：1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒、鸡肉、鱼粉、坚果类、蔬菜水果类分别粉碎混合，进行有益菌发酵；2)将酒糟和麦皮分别粉碎混合，进行纤维分解发酵；3)混合步骤1)和步骤2)菌液，加入磷酸氢钙，溶解，烘干，制粒，制成饲料。

Description

一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料及其制备方法
本申请要求于2020年07月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010679578.X、发明名称为“一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及猪饲料技术领域，尤其涉及一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知，饲料产品的开发、研制的难点在于乳仔猪饲料，如何提高幼龄畜禽饲料适口性、消化率和降低或减少抗营养因子成为近年来动物营养学家积极探讨的课题。就乳仔猪而言，其代谢机能旺盛，相对生长迅速，对日粮营养物质的要求高，但其消化道的功能不健全，消化道的重量和容积较小且发肓不完全，胃酸分泌不足，胃肠道微生物区系易变，消化酶系发肓不健全，消化酶分泌不足。科学研究发现并已证明，采用较大剂量的益生菌饲料喂养动物，能够提高动物的免疫力，改善其肠胃功能，促进营养吸收，抑制有害菌的生长，并能达到抗病、防病和促进生长的效果。可是这种饲料的生产还有一些技术问题没有解决，特别是益生菌饲料的成粒技术。在现有的动物颗粒饲料生产中，制粒都是在80℃以上的高温条件下进行的，以保证成粒物料达到熟化或基本熟化程度。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点，本发明提供一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料及其制备方法，解决了乳仔猪消化道的功能不健全、胃酸分泌不足、胃肠道微生物区系易变、消化酶分泌不足、蛋白质消化不良容易引起肠内容物渗透压升高，肠道脱水导致腹泻等难题，完整地保留了有益菌群在成品中的活性，而且工艺简单，容易生产。
本发明另一个要解决的技术问题是提供一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20～30份、大豆10～20份、玉米籽` 粒30～50份、鸡肉15～20份、鱼粉20～25份、坚果类15～20份、蔬菜水果类10～15份、酒糟20～30份、麦皮15～20份、磷酸氢钙2～4份和菌液10～15份。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述鸡肉为鸡胸肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后粉碎制成全脂鱼粉。在本发明的一些实施例中，所述全脂鱼粉的粒径为1.5～2.5mm。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述坚果类包括核桃6～10份、花生6～10份和瓜子3～5份，所述核桃、花生和瓜子分别粉碎，混合，烘干。在本发明的实施例中，粉碎后的核桃、花生和瓜子的粒径分别为1.5～2.5mm。所述瓜子为葵花子。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3～4份、青菜3～4份、苹果皮2～4份和橘子皮2～3份，分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，混合。在本发明的实施例中，粉碎制粉后的胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮的粒径分别为1.5～2.5mm。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，然后混合肉粉和全脂鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
3)将核桃、花生和瓜子分别粉碎，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
6)将步骤1)至步骤4)制备的农作物粉、鱼肉粉、蔬菜水果粉和坚果粉混合溶于水，加热到40～45℃，加入保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合菌，厌氧发酵6～8小时；
7)将步骤5)制备的植物粉溶于水，加入枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌，常温厌氧发酵3～5天；
8)将步骤6)发酵完的菌液与步骤7)发酵完的菌液混合，加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述步骤6)中保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌的菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 7CFU/g。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述步骤7)中枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 8CFU/g。
本发明中，对原料进行分类发酵，对蛋白含量高的原料进行有益菌发酵，对纤维含量高的进行纤维分解发酵，然后混合制粒，增加了饲料中有益菌含量，同时也解决了一些原料纤维含量高不易吸收的问题，具有营养高、易消化、适口性好等特点。
本发明提供的微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，涉及的菌液是在低温条件下发酵，实现在较低温度下制粒的工艺，解决了现有技术中高温制粒影响益生菌活性的问题。本发明制备的乳仔猪饲料不仅能提供乳仔猪的营养需求，而且保证益生菌的活性，增强乳仔猪的免疫力，提高乳仔猪的抗病性。且本发明制备乳仔猪饲料工艺简单，容易操作，能够大大提高乳仔猪饲料的市场竞争力。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的用于自修复混凝土的微胶囊及其制备方法和自修复混凝土及其制备方法的描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20～30份、大豆10～20份、玉米籽粒30～50份、鸡肉15～20份、鱼粉20～25份、坚果类15～20份、蔬菜水果类10～15份、酒糟20～30份、麦皮15～20 份、磷酸氢钙2～4份和菌液10～15份。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类包括核桃6～10份、花生6～10份和瓜子3～5份；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3～4份、青菜3～4份、苹果皮2～4份和橘子皮2～3份；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，然后混合肉粉和鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
3)将核桃、花生和瓜子分别粉碎，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
6)将步骤1)至步骤4)制备的农作物粉、肉粉、鱼肉粉和坚果粉混合溶于水，加热到40～45℃，加入保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合菌，厌氧发酵6～8小时；
7)将步骤5)制备的植物粉溶于水，加入枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌，常温厌氧发酵3～5天；
8)将步骤6)发酵完的菌液与步骤7)发酵完的菌液混合，加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
实施例2
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20～30份、大豆10～20份、玉米籽粒30～50份、鸡肉15～20份、鱼粉20～25份、坚果类15～20份、蔬菜水果类10～15份、酒糟20～30份、麦皮15～20份、磷酸氢钙2～4份和菌液10～15份。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类包括核桃6～10份、花生6～10份和瓜子3～5份；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3～4份、青菜3～4份、苹果皮2～4份和橘子皮2～3份；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合 的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20～30份、大豆10～20份、玉米籽粒30～50份、鸡肉15～20份、鱼粉20～25份、坚果类15～20份、蔬菜水果类10～15份、酒糟20～30份、麦皮15～20份、磷酸氢钙2～4份和菌液10～15份。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类包括核桃6～10份、花生6～10份和瓜子3～5份；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3～4份、青菜3～4份、苹果皮2～4份和橘子皮2～3份；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20～30份、大豆10～20份、玉米籽粒30～50份、鸡肉15～20份、鱼粉20～25份、坚果类15～20份、蔬菜水果类10～15份、酒糟20～30份、麦皮15～20份、磷酸氢钙2～4份和菌液10～15份。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类包括核桃6～10份、花生6～10份和瓜子3～5份；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3～4份、青菜3～4份、苹果皮2～4份和橘子皮2～3份；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法同实施例1，不同之处如下：1、步骤6)加热温度40～45℃，厌氧发酵6～8小时；2、步骤7)常温厌氧发酵3～5天。
实施例5
采用实施例1的原料。制备方法如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，然后混合肉粉 和鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
3)将核桃、花生和瓜子分别粉碎，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
6)将步骤1)至步骤5)的原料混合溶于水，再加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
实施例6
一种乳仔猪饲料，包括以下重量份的原料：玉米63份、豆粕25份、麸皮4份、鱼粉4份和预混合添加剂4份。其中鱼粉和预混合添加剂同实施例1记载的组分。制备方法如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，得到的豆粕粉和大豆粉与麸皮混合得农作物粉；
2)将农作物粉、鱼粉和预混合添加剂混合溶于水，搅拌溶解，放入烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
对实施例1～5制备的饲料进行喂养乳猪实验，以实施例6制备的饲料为对照。每组各喂养100头乳猪，喂养35天，观察猪的体重增长，生病情况(主要是否拉肚子)，以及病死情况。
表1实施例1～5的饲料喂养乳猪的生长状况表
Figure PCTCN2021094883-appb-000001
从表1中看出，采用实施例1～5的饲料喂养的乳猪体重增加均明显高于实施例6，且在喂养阶段不易拉肚子，病死率也明显低于实施例6。
实施例7
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20kg、大豆20kg、玉米籽粒30kg、鸡肉20kg、鱼粉20kg、坚果类20kg、蔬菜水果类10kg、酒糟30kg、麦皮15kg、磷酸氢钙4kg和菌液10kg。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类为核桃6kg、花生10kg和瓜子3kg；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜4kg、青菜3kg、苹果皮4kg和橘子皮2kg；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。其中一号菌液中，保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌的菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 7CFU/g；
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后按照任意比例混合，粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，全脂鱼粉的粒径为2.0mm；然后混合肉粉和全脂鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
3)将核桃、花生和葵花瓜子分别粉碎，粉碎后的核桃、花生和葵花瓜子的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，粉碎制粉后的胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
6)将步骤1)至步骤4)制备的农作物粉、鱼肉粉、蔬菜水果粉和坚果粉混合溶于水，加热到40℃，加入保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合菌(接种量为5％)，厌氧发酵6小时；
7)将步骤5)制备的植物粉溶于水，加入枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌(接种量5％)，常温厌氧发酵3天；
8)将步骤6)发酵完的菌液与步骤7)发酵完的菌液混合，加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
实施例8
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕30kg、大豆10kg、玉米籽粒50kg、鸡肉15kg、鱼粉25kg、坚果类15kg、 蔬菜水果类15kg、酒糟20kg、麦皮20kg、磷酸氢钙2kg和菌液15kg。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类包括核桃10kg、花生6kg和瓜子5kg；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3kg、青菜4kg、苹果皮2kg和橘子皮3kg；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。其中一号菌液中，保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌的菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 7CFU/g。二号菌液中，枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 8CFU/g。
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后按照任意比例混合，粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，全脂鱼粉的粒径为2.0mm；然后混合肉粉和全脂鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
3)将核桃、花生和葵花瓜子分别粉碎，粉碎后的核桃、花生和瓜子的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，粉碎制粉后的胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
6)将步骤1)至步骤4)制备的农作物粉、鱼肉粉、蔬菜水果粉和坚果粉混合溶于水，加热到45℃，加入保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合菌(接种量为5％)，厌氧发酵8小时；
7)将步骤5)制备的植物粉溶于水，加入枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌(接种量为5％)，常温厌氧发酵5天；
8)将步骤6)发酵完的菌液与步骤7)发酵完的菌液混合，加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
实施例9
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕25kg、大豆15kg、玉米籽粒40kg、鸡肉18kg、鱼粉22kg、坚果类18kg、 蔬菜水果类13kg、酒糟25kg、麦皮18kg、磷酸氢钙3kg和菌液13kg。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类包括核桃8kg、花生8kg和瓜子4kg；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3.5kg、青菜3.5kg、苹果皮3kg和橘子皮2.5kg；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。一号菌液中，保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌的菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 7CFU/g。二号菌液中，枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 8CFU/g
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后按照任意比例混合，粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，全脂鱼粉的粒径为2.0mm；然后混合肉粉和全脂鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
3)将核桃、花生和葵花瓜子分别粉碎，粉碎后的核桃、花生和瓜子的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，粉碎制粉后的胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
6)将步骤1)至步骤4)制备的农作物粉、鱼肉粉、蔬菜水果粉和坚果粉混合溶于水，加热到40～45℃，加入保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合菌(接种量为5％)，厌氧发酵6～8小时；
7)将步骤5)制备的植物粉溶于水，加入枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌(接种量为5％)，常温厌氧发酵3～5天；
8)将步骤6)发酵完的菌液与步骤7)发酵完的菌液混合，加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
实施例10
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，包括如下重量份原料：豆粕23kg、大豆18kg、玉米籽粒35kg、鸡肉18kg、鱼粉23kg、坚果类17kg、 蔬菜水果类13kg、酒糟27kg、麦皮18kg、磷酸氢钙3kg和菌液13kg。
鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合粉；坚果类包括核桃8kg、花生8kg和瓜子5kg；蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3kg、青菜3kg、苹果皮2kg和橘子皮3kg；菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。一号菌液中，保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌的菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 7CFU/g。二号菌液中，枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 8CFU/g。
一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后按照任意比例混合，粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，全脂鱼粉的粒径为2.0mm；然后混合肉粉和全脂鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
3)将核桃、花生和葵花瓜子分别粉碎，粉碎后的核桃、花生和葵花瓜子的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，粉碎制粉后的胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮的粒径分别为2.0mm，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
6)将步骤1)至步骤4)制备的农作物粉、鱼肉粉、蔬菜水果粉和坚果粉混合溶于水，加热到40～45℃，加入保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合菌(接种量为5％)，厌氧发酵6～8小时；
7)将步骤5)制备的植物粉溶于水，加入枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌(接种量为5％)，常温厌氧发酵3～5天；
8)将步骤6)发酵完的菌液与步骤7)发酵完的菌液混合，加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
用实施例7～10制备的饲料进行喂养乳猪实验，以实施例6制备的饲料为对照。每组各喂养100头乳猪，喂养35天，起始体重是第二栏3周乳猪平均体重，刚断奶的仔猪(10日龄)1天喂25克料比较合适，当仔 猪处于3～5周龄时可每天补喂200克饲料，35～60日龄平均每天补喂800g饲料。一般情况下仔猪每天采食的干物质量约占自身体重的5％，采食的风干料量约占自身体重的6％，采食的青饲料量约占自身体重的25％。平时饲喂仔猪料要定量、定时，少给勤添，以防止过食。观察猪的体重增长，生病情况(主要是否拉肚子)，以及病死情况。结果见表2。
表2实施例6～10的饲料喂养乳猪的生长状况表
Figure PCTCN2021094883-appb-000002
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：包括如下重量份原料：豆粕20～30份、大豆10～20份、玉米籽粒30～50份、鸡肉15～20份、鱼粉20～25份、坚果类15～20份、蔬菜水果类10～15份、酒糟20～30份、麦皮15～20份、磷酸氢钙2～4份和菌液10～15份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述鸡肉为鸡胸肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述鱼粉为全脂鱼粉。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述鱼粉为小鱼和小虾混合，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后粉碎制成全脂鱼粉。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述全脂鱼粉的粒径为1.5～2.5mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述坚果类包括核桃6～10份、花生6～10份和瓜子3～5份，所述核桃、花生和瓜子分别粉碎，混合，烘干。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：粉碎后的核桃、花生和瓜子的粒径分别为1.5～2.5mm；
    所述瓜子为葵花子。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述蔬菜水果类包括胡萝卜3～4份、青菜3～4份、苹果皮2～4份和橘子皮2～3份，分别胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，混合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：粉碎制粉得到的胡萝卜粉、青菜粉、苹果皮粉和橘子皮粉的粒径为1.5～2.5mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特 征在于：所述菌液包括保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合的一号菌液以及枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合的二号菌液。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述一号菌液中，保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌的菌数量比为1:1:1:1。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于：所述二号菌液中，枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉的菌数量比为1:1:1:1。
  13. 一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
    1)将豆粕、大豆、玉米籽粒进行晾晒后，分别进行粉碎，混合得农作物粉；
    2)将鸡肉切成肉块，下水煮熟，捞出，碎肉机碎成肉沫，烘干制成肉粉，将小鱼小虾晾晒制成鱼干，然后粉碎制成全脂鱼粉，然后混合肉粉和全脂鱼粉得鱼肉粉；
    3)将核桃、花生和瓜子分别粉碎，混合，烘干，制成坚果粉；
    4)分别将胡萝卜、青菜、苹果皮和橘子皮放入烘干室，60℃烘干，分别粉碎制粉，混合，制成蔬菜水果粉；
    5)将酒糟和麦皮分别进行烘干，粉碎制粉，混合得植物粉；
    6)将步骤1)至步骤4)制备的农作物粉、鱼肉粉、坚果粉和蔬菜水果粉混合溶于水，加热到40～45℃，加入保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌混合菌，厌氧发酵6～8小时；
    7)将步骤5)制备的植物粉溶于水，加入枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌，常温厌氧发酵3～5天；
    8)将步骤6)发酵完的菌液与步骤7)发酵完的菌液混合，加入磷酸氢钙，搅拌溶解，放入到烘干室，60℃烘干，制粒，制成饲料。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤6)中保加利亚杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌的菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 7CFU/g。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的一种微生物发酵制备的乳仔猪饲料的制 备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤7)中枯草芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉混合菌液每种菌的浓度在1×10 8CFU/g。
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