WO2022000950A1 - 一种纸面石膏板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纸面石膏板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022000950A1
WO2022000950A1 PCT/CN2020/130182 CN2020130182W WO2022000950A1 WO 2022000950 A1 WO2022000950 A1 WO 2022000950A1 CN 2020130182 W CN2020130182 W CN 2020130182W WO 2022000950 A1 WO2022000950 A1 WO 2022000950A1
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Prior art keywords
aerogel
gypsum board
gypsum
retarder
board according
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PCT/CN2020/130182
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹东杰
王鹏起
谭丹君
王莹
何亮
武发德
Original Assignee
北新集团建材股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022000950A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022000950A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

Definitions

  • the present application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of building materials, in particular but not limited to a gypsum board and a preparation method thereof.
  • Paper-faced gypsum board has the advantages of light weight, fire prevention, sound insulation, thermal insulation, good decorative performance (planing, nailing, sawing), convenient processing, green environmental protection, space saving, etc., so it is widely used in various industrial buildings, In the field of civil building decoration and construction, especially in high-rise buildings, it can be used as interior wall materials and decoration materials.
  • gypsum board As a bulk building material, gypsum board is widely used in interior decoration. In the context of China's vigorous promotion of building energy conservation, it is particularly important to develop the thermal insulation and energy-saving performance of indoor building materials. In recent years, frequent fires in the field of building thermal insulation and energy saving have revealed the application defects of organic thermal insulation materials widely used in the market. It is an inevitable development trend of the industry to improve the fire rating of building materials and promote fire and heat insulation materials with low thermal conductivity.
  • the application provides a gypsum board and a preparation method thereof.
  • the gypsum board contains aerogel powder of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the gypsum board and further improves the thermal insulation of the gypsum board. Thermal insulation properties.
  • the application provides a paper-faced gypsum board, comprising a board core and a cover paper, and the raw material of the board core includes aerogel coated with a coating material;
  • the coating material includes inorganic material and sodium alginate, and the inorganic material is selected from one or more of calcium chloride, ferric chloride and calcium hydroxide.
  • the raw materials of the board core include by weight: 100 parts of gypsum clinker, 60 to 75 parts of water, 0.02 to 0.1 part of glass fiber, and 0.1 to 2 parts of a foaming agent 0.1 to 0.5 part of retarder, 0.2 to 2 parts of starch, 0.02 to 0.8 part of sodium alginate, 0.01 to 0.05 part of inorganic material, and 0.05 to 0.5 part of aerogel.
  • the raw material of the board core can be composed of gypsum clinker, water, glass fiber, foaming agent, retarder, starch, sodium alginate, inorganic material and aerogel.
  • the aerogel is selected from any one or more of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel and carbon aerogel.
  • the particle size of the aerogel is 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the inorganic material is 80 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the chloride ion content in the gypsum clinker is not greater than 300 ppm, and the specific surface area is 3500 cm 2 /g4000 cm 2 /g.
  • the glass fiber is selected from any one or more of medium-alkali glass fiber, alkali-free glass fiber and alkali-resistant glass fiber;
  • the length of the glass fiber is 9 mm to 15 mm, and the diameter of the monofilament of the glass fiber is 10 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the foaming agent is selected from any one or more of ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.
  • the retarder is selected from any one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hexametaphosphate, borax and protein retarders;
  • the retarder is selected from any one or more of protein-based retarders, and the protein-based retarder includes bone glue protein retarder and degraded polyamide Protein gypsum retarder made of calcium salt;
  • the starch is selected from any one or more of modified potato starch, modified tapioca starch and modified corn starch, and may be modified corn starch.
  • the application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned gypsum board, comprising:
  • the inorganic material can be added by continuous stirring until the aerogel is completely covered, and then mixed uniformly in the aqueous solution.
  • the gypsum slurry prepared in 3) is evenly poured on the protective paper, lapped and bonded firmly, and dried to a constant weight to obtain a gypsum board.
  • the preparation method of the gypsum board may consist of the above steps.
  • the uniformly stirred gypsum slurry is thrown into the lower cover paper on the forming table under the action of centrifugal force, and the slurry is squeezed by the forming knife under the driving force of the solidifying belt traction, After the lower cover paper is folded into a right angle along its roll-out marks, the lower cover paper and the pulp are lapped together with the upper cover paper under the extrusion of the forming plate, and are firmly adhered to form a wet plate, and then the wet plate is formed. The plate is drawn out under the traction of the solidification belt to complete the forming.
  • the formed wet plate is solidified on the conveyor belt, and after being cut, it enters the dryer and goes through three drying stages at 180°C, 110°C, and 45°C.
  • the dried boards are laminated, sawed, edge-sealed and packaged to form a gypsum board.
  • the present application provides a method for dispersing aerogel in an aqueous solution, comprising: mixing sodium alginate with water, stirring evenly, adding aerogel and then adding inorganic materials under continuous stirring;
  • the inorganic material is selected from any one or more of calcium chloride, ferric chloride and calcium hydroxide;
  • the aerogel is selected from silica aerogel, alumina aerogel and carbon aerogel Any one or more of glues;
  • the aqueous solution is water or a solution containing water.
  • the gypsum board in this application contains aerogel powder, which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the gypsum board and further improves the thermal insulation performance of the gypsum board.
  • a viscous liquid is prepared by mixing sodium alginate with water and stirring evenly.
  • the aerogel powder is first introduced into the liquid, and then the inorganic material is added, and the stirring is continued until the aerogel powder is completely covered and does not fly away. So that when forming, the aerogel powder still remains in the gypsum slurry, and will not be filtered or fly away, so that it can play a role after the board is dried.
  • the embodiment of the present application discloses a paper-faced gypsum board, comprising a board core and a cover paper, and the raw material of the board core includes aerogel coated with a coating material;
  • the coating material includes inorganic material and sodium alginate, and the inorganic material is selected from any one or more of calcium chloride, ferric chloride and calcium hydroxide.
  • the raw materials of the board core include by weight: 100 parts of gypsum clinker, 60 to 75 parts of water, 0.02 to 0.1 parts of glass fiber, 0.1 to 2 parts of foaming agent, slow 0.1 to 0.5 part of coagulant, 0.2 to 2 parts of starch, 0.02 to 0.8 part of sodium alginate, 0.01 to 0.05 part of inorganic material, and 0.05 to 0.5 part of aerogel.
  • the raw material of the board core can be composed of gypsum clinker, water, glass fiber, foaming agent, retarder, starch, sodium alginate, inorganic material and aerogel.
  • the aerogel is selected from any one or more of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel and carbon aerogel.
  • the particle size of the aerogel is 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the inorganic material is 80 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the desulfurized gypsum clinker used is made from the solid waste desulfurized gypsum produced by the desulfurization of the flue gas of the power plant.
  • Chloride ion content of the clinker, gypsum is not more than 300ppm, specific surface area of 3500cm 2 / g to 4000cm 2 / g.
  • the glass fibers are selected from any one or more of medium-alkali glass fibers, alkali-free glass fibers and alkali-resistant glass fibers;
  • the length of the glass fiber is 9 mm to 15 mm, and the diameter of the single filament of the glass fiber is 10 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the foaming agent is selected from any one or more of ammonium dodecyl sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate.
  • the retarder is selected from any one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hexametaphosphate, borax and protein retarders;
  • the retarder may be selected from one or more of protein-based retarders, and the protein-based retarder includes bone glue protein retarder and degraded polyamide through calcium saltation.
  • the protein-based retarder includes bone glue protein retarder and degraded polyamide through calcium saltation.
  • the starch is selected from any one or more of modified potato starch, modified tapioca starch and modified corn starch, and may be modified corn starch.
  • the tapioca starch in the embodiment is the modified tapioca starch.
  • glass fibers were purchased from Hebeijing Hang Mineral Products Co., Ltd., alkali-free glass fibers, medium-alkali glass fibers and alkali-resistant glass fibers had a fiber length of 10 mm and a fiber monofilament diameter of 10 ⁇ m;
  • Foaming agents sodium bicarbonate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate were purchased from Jinan Yihao Chemical Co., Ltd.;
  • the retarder is a protein-based gypsum retarder made of degraded polyamide by calcium salting, which is Italian SICIT 2000 gypsum retarder Plast Retard PE, purchased from Shanghai Qinhe Chemical Co., Ltd.;
  • Retarder citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hexametaphosphate, borax, purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; brand: Wokai.
  • Sodium alginate (analytical grade) was purchased from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; brand: Shanghai Test.
  • Anhydrous calcium chloride was purchased from Weifang Shengchuan Chemical Co., Ltd., industrial grade, with a particle size of 80 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • Ferric chloride and calcium hydroxide were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; brand: Shanghai Test, particle size ranging from 80 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • Silica aerogel powder purchased from Guangdong Allison High-tech Co., Ltd., has a particle size of 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the carbon aerogel powder was purchased from Tianjin Deruifengkai New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; model: carbon aerogel 002; particle size was 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • Step 1 Weigh the components of the gypsum board, including 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum clinker, 70 parts by weight of water, 0.08 parts by weight of medium-alkali glass fiber, 0.3 parts by weight of foaming agent ammonium lauryl sulfate, retarder 0.18 part by weight of citric acid, 0.5 part by weight of modified corn starch, 0.05 part by weight of sodium alginate, 0.02 part by weight of anhydrous calcium chloride, and 0.08 part by weight of silica aerogel powder.
  • the components of the gypsum board including 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum clinker, 70 parts by weight of water, 0.08 parts by weight of medium-alkali glass fiber, 0.3 parts by weight of foaming agent ammonium lauryl sulfate, retarder 0.18 part by weight of citric acid, 0.5 part by weight of modified corn starch, 0.05 part by weight of sodium alginate, 0.02 part by weight of anhydrous calcium
  • Step 2 Mix the desulfurized gypsum clinker with the glass fiber, the starch, the foaming agent, and the retarder, and stir evenly to prepare a gypsum mixture.
  • Step 3 Mix the sodium alginate with water and stir evenly to make a viscous liquid. In the state of continuous stirring, firstly introduce the aerogel powder into the viscous liquid, then add the calcium chloride, and continue stirring until the aerogel powder is completely covered and does not fly away. Get the mixture.
  • step 4 and step 3 The mixed solution obtained in step 4 and step 3 is mixed with the gypsum mixture obtained in step 2 to prepare gypsum slurry.
  • Step 5 Throw the uniformly stirred slurry into the lower cover paper on the forming table under the action of centrifugal force, and the slurry is squeezed by the forming knife under the driving force of the coagulation belt, so that the lower cover paper rolls along its roll. After the mark is folded into a right angle, the lower protective paper and the slurry are overlapped with the upper protective paper under the extrusion of the forming plate, and are firmly adhered to form a wet plate, and then the wet plate is pulled by the solidified belt. Lead out and complete the molding.
  • Step 6 The formed wet plate is solidified on the conveyor belt, and after being cut, it enters the dryer and undergoes three drying stages of drying at 180°C for 0.5h, 110°C for 1h, and 45°C for 24h.
  • Step 7 After drying, the boards are laminated, sawed, edge-sealed and packaged to form a gypsum board with a thickness of 9.5mm.
  • Step 1 Weigh the components of the gypsum board, including 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum clinker, 65 parts by weight of water, 0.03 part by weight of alkali-free glass fiber, 1 part by weight of ammonium bicarbonate as a foaming agent, and citric acid as a retarder. 0.3 part by weight of sodium, 0.8 part by weight of modified potato starch, 0.4 part by weight of sodium alginate, 0.03 part by weight of ferric chloride, and 0.25 part by weight of carbon aerogel powder.
  • Step 2 to Step 7 are the same as in Example 1.
  • Step 1 Weigh the components of the gypsum board, including 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum clinker, 60 parts by weight of water, 0.05 parts by weight of alkali-resistant glass fiber, 2 parts by weight of foaming agent sodium bicarbonate, and hexagonal retarder. 0.4 part by weight of sodium phosphate, 1.5 part by weight of tapioca starch, 0.6 part by weight of sodium alginate, 0.05 part by weight of calcium hydroxide, and 0.5 part by weight of silica aerogel powder.
  • Step 2 to Step 7 are the same as in Example 1.
  • Step 1 Weigh the components of the gypsum board, including 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum clinker, 72 parts by weight of water, 0.1 part by weight of medium-alkali glass fiber, 0.2 part by weight of foaming agent ammonium lauryl sulfate, and a retarder. 0.25 part by weight of borax, 1.5 part by weight of modified potato starch, 0.1 part by weight of sodium alginate, 0.02 part by weight of anhydrous calcium chloride, and 0.15 part by weight of carbon aerogel powder.
  • Step 2 to Step 7 are the same as in Example 1.
  • Step 1 Weigh the components of the gypsum board, including 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum clinker, 68 parts by weight of water, 0.08 parts by weight of alkali-free glass fiber, 1.5 parts by weight of foaming agent ammonium bicarbonate, and protein retarder 0.15 parts by weight of Plast Retard PE, 2 parts by weight of modified corn starch, 0.5 part by weight of sodium alginate, 0.04 part by weight of ferric chloride, and 0.3 part by weight of silica aerogel powder.
  • the components of the gypsum board including 100 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum clinker, 68 parts by weight of water, 0.08 parts by weight of alkali-free glass fiber, 1.5 parts by weight of foaming agent ammonium bicarbonate, and protein retarder 0.15 parts by weight of Plast Retard PE, 2 parts by weight of modified corn starch, 0.5 part by weight of sodium alginate, 0.04 part by weight of ferric chloride, and 0.3
  • Step 2 to Step 7 are the same as in Example 1.
  • Step 1 Weigh the raw materials in the same dosage and proportion of Example 1.
  • Step 2 Combine the desulfurized gypsum clinker, the medium alkali glass fiber, the foaming agent ammonium lauryl sulfate, the setting retarder citric acid, the modified corn starch, and the sodium alginate. , the anhydrous calcium chloride and the silica aerogel powder are mixed uniformly;
  • Step 3 adding water to the mixture obtained in step 2 to make gypsum slurry;
  • Steps 4 to 6 are the same as steps 5 to 7 of Embodiment 1.
  • the gypsum board produced by the formula and preparation process of the present application has improved thermal conductivity and fire stability of the board, and the mechanical indexes of the board can meet or exceed the requirements of Chinese national and industry standards.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

一种纸面石膏板，包括板芯和护面纸，所述板芯的原料包括被包覆材料包覆的气凝胶；所述包覆材料包括无机材料和海藻酸钠，所述无机材料选自氯化钙、氯化铁和氢氧化钙中的一种或多种。该纸面石膏板中含有20μm至200μm的气凝胶粉末，使纸面石膏板导热系数大幅降低，进一步提升了纸面石膏板的保温隔热性能。

Description

一种纸面石膏板及其制备方法 技术领域
本申请涉及但不限于建筑材料领域，尤其涉及但不限于一种纸面石膏板及其制备方法。
背景技术
纸面石膏板具有质轻、防火、隔音、保温隔热、装饰性能良好(可刨、可钉、可锯)、加工方便、绿色环保、节省空间等优点，因此广泛用于各种工业建筑、民用建筑装修施工领域，尤其是在高层建筑中可作为内墙材料和装饰装修材料。
作为一种大宗建筑材料，纸面石膏板广泛应用于室内装饰装修中。在中国大力提倡建筑节能的大背景下，发展室内建筑材料的保温隔热节能性能尤其重要。近年来，建筑保温节能领域火灾频现，揭示了市场上广泛应用的有机类保温材料的应用缺陷。提高建筑材料防火等级、推广导热系数低的防火隔热材料是行业必然的发展趋势。
发明概述
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制本申请的保护范围。
本申请提供了一种纸面石膏板及其制备方法，该纸面石膏板中含有20μm至200μm的气凝胶粉末，使纸面石膏板导热系数大幅降低，进一步提升了纸面石膏板的保温隔热性能。
本申请提供了一种纸面石膏板，包括板芯和护面纸，所述板芯的原料包括被包覆材料包覆的气凝胶；
所述包覆材料包括无机材料和海藻酸钠，所述无机材料选自氯化钙、氯化铁和氢氧化钙中的一种或多种。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述板芯的原料按重量份计包括：石膏熟料100份、水60份至75份、玻璃纤维0.02份至0.1份、发泡剂0.1份至2份、缓凝剂0.1份至0.5份、淀粉0.2份至2份、海藻酸钠0.02份至0.8份、 无机材料0.01份至0.05份和气凝胶0.05份至0.5份。
所述板芯的原料可以由石膏熟料、水、玻璃纤维、发泡剂、缓凝剂、淀粉、海藻酸钠、无机材料和气凝胶组成。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述气凝胶选自二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶和炭气凝胶中的任意一种或更多种。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述气凝胶的粒径为20μm至200μm。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述无机材料的粒径为80μm至150μm。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述石膏熟料中的氯离子含量不大于300ppm，比表面积为3500cm 2/g4000cm 2/g。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述玻璃纤维选自中碱玻璃纤维，无碱玻璃纤维和抗碱玻璃纤维中的任意一种或更多种；
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述玻璃纤维的长度9mm至15mm，所述玻璃纤维的单丝直径为10μm至15μm。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述发泡剂选自十二烷基硫酸铵、碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢铵中的任意一种或更多种。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述缓凝剂选自柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、硼砂和蛋白质类缓凝剂中的任意一种或更多种；
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述缓凝剂选自蛋白质类缓凝剂中的任意一种或更多种，所述蛋白质类缓凝剂包括骨胶蛋白质缓凝剂和降解聚酰胺经钙盐化而成的蛋白质类石膏缓凝剂；
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述淀粉选自改性马铃薯淀粉、改性木薯淀粉及改性玉米淀粉中的任意一种或更多种，可以为改性玉米淀粉。
又一方面，本申请提供了上述纸面石膏板的制备方法，包括：
1)将所述石膏熟料、所述玻璃纤维、所述淀粉、所述发泡剂、所述缓凝剂混合，搅拌均匀，制得混合物；
2)将所述海藻酸钠与水混合，搅拌均匀，在持续搅拌状态下，加入所述气凝胶，再加入所述无机材料，制得混合液；在本申请的一种实施方式中， 可以通过持续搅拌直至气凝胶被全部裹住，并在水溶液中混合均匀后再加入无机材料。
3)将2)制得的混合液与步骤一制得的混合物混合，搅拌均匀，制成石膏料浆；
4)将3)制得的所述石膏料浆搅拌均匀浇筑在护面纸上，搭接粘牢成型，并干燥至恒重，制得石膏板。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述纸面石膏板的制备方法可以由上述步骤组成。
在本申请的一种实施方式中，将搅拌均匀的石膏料浆在离心力作用下甩入成型台上的所述下护面纸上，料浆在凝固皮带牵引力的带动下经成型刀挤压，使下护面纸沿其辊出痕迹处折成直角后，下护面纸与料浆一起在成型板的挤压下与所述上护面纸搭接，并粘牢形成湿板，随后湿板在凝固皮带的牵引下被引出，完成成型。成型后的湿板在传送皮带上凝固，切断后，进入干燥机，经过180℃、110℃、45℃三个干燥阶段。干燥后的板材合片、锯边、封边、包装，形成纸面石膏板。
又一方面，本申请提供了一种气凝胶在水溶液中的分散方法，包括：将海藻酸钠与水混合，搅拌均匀，在持续搅拌状态下，加入气凝胶，再加入无机材料；
所述无机材料选自氯化钙、氯化铁和氢氧化钙中的任意一种或更多种；所述气凝胶选自二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶和炭气凝胶中的任意一种或更多种；
在本申请的一种实施方式中，所述水溶液为水或含有水的溶液。
本申请具有如下技术效果：
1、本申请中的纸面石膏板中含有气凝胶粉末，使纸面石膏板导热系数大幅降低，进一步提升了纸面石膏板的保温隔热性能。
2、本申请通过将海藻酸钠与水混合，搅拌均匀，制成粘稠状液体。在持续搅拌状态下，该液体中先引入气凝胶粉末，再加入无机材料，继续搅拌，直至气凝胶粉末全部裹住，不飞离。使得在成型时，气凝胶粉末仍保留在石 膏料浆中，不会被过滤或者飞离，使其在板材干燥之后，发挥作用。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的其他优点可通过在说明书中所描述的方案来发明实现和获得。
详述
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文对本申请的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
本申请实施例公开了一种纸面石膏板，包括板芯和护面纸，所述板芯的原料包括被包覆材料包覆的气凝胶；
所述包覆材料包括无机材料和海藻酸钠，所述无机材料选自氯化钙、氯化铁和氢氧化钙中的任意一种或更多种。
在本申请实施例中，所述板芯的原料按重量份计包括：石膏熟料100份、水60份至75份、玻璃纤维0.02份至0.1份、发泡剂0.1份至2份、缓凝剂0.1份至0.5份、淀粉0.2份至2份、海藻酸钠0.02份至0.8份、无机材料0.01份至0.05份和气凝胶0.05份至0.5份。
所述板芯的原料可以由石膏熟料、水、玻璃纤维、发泡剂、缓凝剂、淀粉、海藻酸钠、无机材料和气凝胶组成。
在本申请实施例中，所述气凝胶选自二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶和炭气凝胶中的任意一种或更多种。
在本申请实施例中，所述气凝胶的粒径为20μm至200μm。
在本申请实施例中，所述无机材料的粒径为80μm至150μm。
在本申请实施例中，所使用的脱硫石膏熟料是由电厂烟气脱硫产生的固体废弃物脱硫石膏制成。所述石膏熟料中的氯离子含量不大于300ppm，比表面积为3500cm 2/g至4000cm 2/g。
在本申请实施例中，所述玻璃纤维选自中碱玻璃纤维，无碱玻璃纤维和抗碱玻璃纤维中的任意一种或更多种；
在本申请实施例中，所述玻璃纤维的长度9mm至15mm，所述玻璃纤维 的单丝直径为10μm至15μm。
在本申请实施例中，所述发泡剂选自十二烷基硫酸铵、碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢铵中的任意一种或更多种。
在本申请实施例中，所述缓凝剂选自柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、硼砂和蛋白质类缓凝剂中的任意一种或更多种；
在本申请实施例中，所述缓凝剂可以选自蛋白质类缓凝剂中的一种或多种，所述蛋白质类缓凝剂包括骨胶蛋白质缓凝剂和降解聚酰胺经钙盐化而成的蛋白质类石膏缓凝剂；
在本申请实施例中，所述淀粉选自改性马铃薯淀粉、改性木薯淀粉及改性玉米淀粉中的任意一种或更多种，可以为改性玉米淀粉。在实施例中的木薯淀粉即为改性木薯淀粉。
在下述实施例中，玻璃纤维购买自河北京杭矿产品有限公司，无碱玻璃纤维，中碱玻璃纤维和抗碱玻璃纤维的纤维长度10mm、纤维单丝直径10μm；
发泡剂碳酸氢钠、十二烷基硫酸铵、碳酸氢铵购买自济南亿昊化工有限公司；
缓凝剂为降解聚酰胺经钙盐化而成的蛋白质类石膏缓凝剂，为意大利SICIT 2000石膏缓凝剂Plast Retard PE，购买自上海钦和化工有限公司；
缓凝剂：柠檬酸，柠檬酸钠，六偏磷酸钠，硼砂，购买自国药集团化学试剂有限公司；品牌：沃凯。
海藻酸钠(分析纯)购买自国药集团化学试剂有限公司；品牌：沪试。
无水氯化钙购买自潍坊圣川化工有限公司，工业级，粒径为80μm至150μm。
氯化铁，氢氧化钙购买自国药集团化学试剂有限公司；品牌：沪试，粒径为80μm至150μm。
二氧化硅气凝胶粉末，购买自广东埃力生高新科技有限公司，粒径为50μm至150μm。
炭气凝胶粉购买自天津得瑞丰凯新材料科技有限公司；型号：碳气凝胶002；粒径为50μm至150μm。
实施例1
制备纸面石膏板，步骤如下：
步骤一、称量纸面石膏板各组分，其中脱硫石膏熟料100重量份、水70重量份、中碱玻璃纤维0.08重量份、发泡剂十二烷基硫酸铵0.3重量份、缓凝剂柠檬酸0.18重量份、改性玉米淀粉0.5重量份、海藻酸钠0.05重量份、无水氯化钙0.02重量份、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末0.08重量份。
步骤二、将所述脱硫石膏熟料与所述玻璃纤维、所述淀粉、所述发泡剂、所述缓凝剂混合，搅拌均匀，制得石膏混合物。
步骤三、将所述海藻酸钠与水混合，搅拌均匀，制成粘稠状液体。在持续搅拌状态下，在所述粘稠状液体中先引入所述气凝胶粉末，再加入所述氯化钙，继续搅拌，直至所述气凝胶粉末全部裹住，不飞离，制得混合液。
步骤四、步骤三制得的混合液与步骤二制得的石膏混合物混合，制成石膏料浆。
步骤五、将搅拌均匀的料浆在离心力作用下甩入成型台上的所述下护面纸上，料浆在凝固皮带牵引力的带动下经成型刀挤压，使下护面纸沿其辊出痕迹处折成直角后，下护面纸与料浆一起在成型板的挤压下与所述上护面纸搭接，并粘牢形成湿板，随后湿板在凝固皮带的牵引下被引出，完成成型。
步骤六、成型后的湿板在传送皮带上凝固，切断后，进入干燥机，经过180℃干燥0.5h、110℃干燥1h、45℃干燥24h三个干燥阶段。
步骤七：干燥后的板材合片、锯边、封边、包装，形成厚度为9.5mm的纸面石膏板。
实施例2
制备纸面石膏板，步骤如下：
步骤一、称量纸面石膏板各组分，其中脱硫石膏熟料100重量份、水65重量份、无碱玻璃纤维0.03重量份、发泡剂碳酸氢铵1重量份、缓凝剂柠檬酸钠0.3重量份、改性马铃薯淀粉0.8重量份、海藻酸钠0.4重量份、氯化铁 0.03重量份、炭气凝胶粉末0.25重量份。
步骤二至步骤七同实施例1。
实施例3
制备纸面石膏板，步骤如下：
步骤一、称量纸面石膏板各组分，其中脱硫石膏熟料100重量份、水60重量份、抗碱玻璃纤维0.05重量份、发泡剂碳酸氢钠2重量份、缓凝剂六偏磷酸钠0.4重量份、木薯淀粉1.5重量份、海藻酸钠0.6重量份、氢氧化钙0.05重量份、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末0.5重量份。
步骤二至步骤七同实施例1。
实施例4
制备纸面石膏板，步骤如下：
步骤一、称量纸面石膏板各组分，其中脱硫石膏熟料100重量份、水72重量份、中碱玻璃纤维0.1重量份、发泡剂十二烷基硫酸铵0.2重量份、缓凝剂硼砂0.25重量份、改性马铃薯淀粉1.5重量份、海藻酸钠0.1重量份、无水氯化钙0.02重量份、炭气凝胶粉末0.15重量份。
步骤二至步骤七同实施例1。
实施例5
制备纸面石膏板，步骤如下：
步骤一、称量纸面石膏板各组分，其中脱硫石膏熟料100重量份、水68重量份、无碱玻璃纤维0.08重量份、发泡剂碳酸氢铵1.5重量份、蛋白质类缓凝剂Plast Retard PE0.15重量份、改性玉米淀粉2重量份、海藻酸钠0.5重量份、氯化铁0.04重量份、二氧化硅气凝胶粉末0.3重量份。
步骤二至步骤七同实施例1。
对比例1
市售普通纸面石膏板(不包括气凝胶、海藻酸钠以及氯化钙、氯化铁和氢氧化钙无机材料)，购买自北新集团建材股份有限公司。
对比例2
纸面石膏板制备过程中不添加海藻酸钠，其他原料配比及制备步骤同实施例1。
对比例3
纸面石膏板制备过程中不添加无水氯化钙，其他原料配比及制备步骤同实施例1。
对比例4
制备纸面石膏板，步骤如下：
步骤一、称取实施例1相同用量配比的原料。
步骤二、将所述脱硫石膏熟料、所述中碱玻璃纤维、所述发泡剂十二烷基硫酸铵、所述缓凝剂柠檬酸、所述改性玉米淀粉、所述海藻酸钠、所述无水氯化钙和所述二氧化硅气凝胶粉末混合均匀；
步骤三、将步骤二所得混合物中加入水，制成石膏料浆；
步骤四至六同实施例1的步骤五至七。
测试例1
参照中国国家标准GB T 9775-2008：《纸面石膏板》，GB/T10294-2008：《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定防护热板法》考察上述实施例及对比例的纸面石膏板的物理性能，测试结果如表1所示。
表1物理性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020130182-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020130182-appb-000002
从表1添加气凝胶的实施例与对比例可以看出，随着掺加气凝胶的掺量增加，板材导热系数，遇火稳定性提高，并且采用本申请的制备工艺，板材其他物理性能与对比例基本相同，能够满足中国国家标准要求。
测试例2
参照中国国家标准GB/T9775-2008《纸面石膏板》对实施例，对比例的纸面石膏板进行测试，检测纸面石膏板的受潮挠度。中国国家标准GB/T9775-2008中对纸面石膏板的测试方法做了规范，但对受潮挠度的合格范围没有明确标准数量值。根据表2，采用本申请制备的纸面石膏板，板材的受潮挠度较低，说明本申请的制备方法制备出的纸面石膏板除了保温性能优良外，在潮湿环境中的使用也具有优势。
表2纸面石膏板受潮挠度测试结果
  受潮挠度，mm。(32±2)℃，(90±3)％
实施例1 2.2
实施例2 1.8
实施例3 1.6
实施例4 1.9
实施例5 2.0
对比例1 3.5
对比例2 3.6
对比例3 3.7
对比例4 3.8
综上所述，通过本申请的配方和制备工艺生产的纸面石膏板提高了板材导热系数和遇火稳定性，板材力学指标均能满足或高于中国国家和行业标准的要求。
本公开内容是本申请实施例的原则的示例，并非对本申请做出任何形式上或实质上的限定，或将本申请限定到具体的实施方案。对本领域的技术人员而言，很显然本申请实施例的技术方案的要素、方法和系统等，可以进行变动、改变、改动、演变，而不背离如上所述的本申请的实施例、技术方案的，如权利要求中所定义的原理、精神和范围。这些变动、改变、改动、变的实施方案均包括在本申请的等同实施例内，这些等同实施例均包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。虽然可以许多不同形式来使本申请实施例具体化，但此处详细描述的是本申请的一些实施方案。此外，本申请的实施例包括此处所述的各种实施方案的一些或全部的任意可能的组合，也包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。在本申请中或在任一个引用的专利、引用的专利申请或其它引用的资料中任何地方所提及的所有专利、专利申请和其它引用资料据此通过引用以其整体并入。
以上公开内容规定为说明性的而不是穷尽性的。对于本领域技术人员来说，本说明书会暗示许多变化和可选择方案。所有这些可选择方案和变化旨 在被包括在本权利要求的范围内，其中术语“包括”意思是“包括，但不限于”。
在此完成了对本申请可选择的实施方案的描述。本领域技术人员可认识到此处所述的实施方案的其它等效变换，这些等效变换也为由附于本文的权利要求所包括。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种纸面石膏板，包括板芯和护面纸，所述板芯的原料包括被包覆材料包覆的气凝胶；
    所述包覆材料包括无机材料和海藻酸钠，所述无机材料选自氯化钙、氯化铁和氢氧化钙中的任意一种或更多种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述板芯的原料按重量份计包括：石膏熟料100份、水60份至75份、玻璃纤维0.02份至0.1份、发泡剂0.1份至2份、缓凝剂0.1份至0.5份、淀粉0.2份至2份、海藻酸钠0.02份至0.8份、无机材料0.01份至0.05份和气凝胶0.05份至0.5份。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述气凝胶选自二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶和炭气凝胶中的任意一种或更多种。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述气凝胶的粒径为20μm至200μm；
    所述无机材料的粒径可以为80μm至150μm。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述石膏熟料中的氯离子含量不大于300ppm，比表面积为3500cm 2/g至4000cm 2/g。
  6. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述玻璃纤维选自中碱玻璃纤维，无碱玻璃纤维和抗碱玻璃纤维中的任意一种或更多种。
  7. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述玻璃纤维的长度可以为9mm至15mm，所述玻璃纤维的单丝直径可以为10μm至15μm。
  8. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述发泡剂选自十二烷基硫酸铵、碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢铵中的任意一种或更多种。
  9. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述缓凝剂选自柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、硼砂和蛋白质类缓凝剂中的任意一种或更多种。
  10. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述缓凝 剂选自蛋白质类缓凝剂中的任意一种或更多种，所述蛋白质类缓凝剂包括骨胶蛋白质缓凝剂和降解聚酰胺经钙盐化而成的蛋白质类石膏缓凝剂。
  11. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的纸面石膏板，其中，所述淀粉选自改性马铃薯淀粉、改性木薯淀粉及改性玉米淀粉中的任意一种或更多种，可以为改性玉米淀粉。
  12. 根据权利要求2至11中任一项所述的纸面石膏板的制备方法，包括：
    1)将所述石膏熟料、所述玻璃纤维、所述淀粉、所述发泡剂、所述缓凝剂混合，搅拌均匀，制得混合物；
    2)将所述海藻酸钠与水混合，搅拌均匀，在持续搅拌状态下，加入所述气凝胶，再加入所述无机材料，制得混合液；
    3)将2)制得的混合液与步骤一制得的混合物混合，搅拌均匀，制成石膏料浆；
    4)将3)制得的所述石膏料浆搅拌均匀浇筑在护面纸上，搭接粘牢成型，并干燥至恒重，制得石膏板。
  13. 一种气凝胶在水溶液中的分散方法，包括：将海藻酸钠与水混合，搅拌均匀，在持续搅拌状态下，加入气凝胶，再加入无机材料；
    所述无机材料选自氯化钙、氯化铁和氢氧化钙中的一种或多种；所述气凝胶选自二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶和炭气凝胶中的一种或多种。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的气凝胶在水溶液中的分散方法，其中，所述水溶液为水或含有水的溶液。
PCT/CN2020/130182 2020-06-28 2020-11-19 一种纸面石膏板及其制备方法 WO2022000950A1 (zh)

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