WO2021238938A1 - 换电站及其换电方法 - Google Patents

换电站及其换电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021238938A1
WO2021238938A1 PCT/CN2021/095881 CN2021095881W WO2021238938A1 WO 2021238938 A1 WO2021238938 A1 WO 2021238938A1 CN 2021095881 W CN2021095881 W CN 2021095881W WO 2021238938 A1 WO2021238938 A1 WO 2021238938A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
electric vehicle
parking position
battery pack
swapping
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/095881
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
兰志波
黄春华
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010451580.1A external-priority patent/CN111452666A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010453481.7A external-priority patent/CN111452667A/zh
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority to JP2022572397A priority Critical patent/JP7425228B2/ja
Priority to EP21812052.5A priority patent/EP4159556A4/en
Publication of WO2021238938A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021238938A1/zh
Priority to JP2024006089A priority patent/JP2024050644A/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power exchange station and a power exchange method thereof.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the battery pack of one specification can only be replaced in a battery pack station in the prior art, and to provide a battery pack station and a method for battery exchange.
  • the present invention provides a swap station, which is used to replace battery packs for electric vehicles, and includes:
  • At least one parking spot At least one parking spot
  • the battery compartment stores at least a first battery pack for a first electric vehicle and a second battery pack for a second electric vehicle, and the first battery pack is installed on the first electric vehicle through a first locking mechanism , The second battery pack is installed on the second electric vehicle through a second locking mechanism;
  • the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device, the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device are used to go back and forth between the parking position and the battery compartment, so as to exchange data for the first electric vehicle or the second electric vehicle.
  • the automobile battery pack is replaced, wherein the first battery swapping device is used to unlock and unlock the first locking mechanism, and the second battery swapping device is used to unlock and unlock the second locking mechanism.
  • the The swap station can replace at least two types of battery packs, so as to be compatible with at least the swapping of the first electric vehicle and the second electric vehicle.
  • the switching station further includes a vehicle identification device for identifying the battery pack type and the locking mechanism type of the electric vehicle to be replaced,
  • the vehicle identification device is also used to send a first battery swap signal to the first battery swap device when the lock mechanism type is the first lock mechanism, and when the lock mechanism type is the first lock mechanism, Sending a second power swap signal to the second power swap device when the second locking mechanism is used;
  • the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device perform a battery pack replacement operation according to the first battery swapping signal and the second battery swapping signal, respectively.
  • the switching station further includes a lifting mechanism for lifting the first electric vehicle at the parking position to a first height; the lifting mechanism is also used for lifting The second electric vehicle in the parking position is lifted to a second height.
  • the lifting mechanism can adjust the parking position to different heights according to the type of electric vehicles parked in the parking position, that is, the electric vehicles are lifted to different heights, so as to adapt to the battery replacement process of different types of battery packs.
  • the battery compartment is located on one side of the parking position
  • the switching station is provided with an avoidance area
  • the avoidance area is located between the battery compartment and the parking position or when the parking position is relative to the battery
  • the avoidance area is used to allow the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device to avoid each other during walking.
  • the battery compartment has a battery access port
  • the avoidance area is set on either side or both sides of the walking path between the parking position and the battery access port.
  • the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device have overlapping walking paths, and the avoidance area is set on either or both sides of the walking path. Realize the avoidance of the first or second swapping device to another swapping device.
  • the battery compartment has two battery access ports, and the avoiding area of one battery access port is a walking path between the other battery access port and the parking position.
  • the first and second battery swapping devices can respectively design a separate non-overlapping walking path, so that one of the battery access ports
  • the walking path corresponding to the parking position can be used as an avoidance area between another battery access port and the parking position.
  • the battery compartments are distributed on both sides of the parking position and are respectively a first battery compartment and a second battery compartment.
  • the first battery compartment is used to place the first battery pack and the second battery compartment.
  • the battery compartment is used to place the second battery pack, and the first battery replacement device travels back and forth between the first battery compartment and the parking position to replace the battery pack of the first electric vehicle.
  • the electrical equipment travels back and forth between the second battery compartment and the parking position to replace the battery pack of the second electric vehicle.
  • the first battery pack is placed in the first battery compartment
  • the second battery pack is placed in the second battery compartment
  • the first battery compartment and the second battery compartment are arranged on both sides of the parking position, so that the two types
  • the battery pack of has an independent storage area
  • the first battery swapping device is on the same side as the first battery compartment
  • the second battery swapping device is on the same side as the second battery compartment, which optimizes the structure of the swap station and the battery pack pick-and-place process design.
  • the first battery compartment and the second battery compartment each have a battery access port, and the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device respectively pass through the corresponding battery access port Exchange the battery pack.
  • the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device can exchange battery packs through the corresponding battery access ports, so that The replacement process of the first battery pack and the replacement process of the second battery pack are independent of each other, further optimizing the design of the replacement station and the replacement process.
  • the first power swapping device is also used to unlock and unlock the second locking mechanism
  • the second power swapping device is also used to unlock and unlock the first locking mechanism
  • the first and second power swapping devices can both unlock and unlock the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism, so that the first and second power swapping devices can be compatible with the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism.
  • the replacement of the first battery pack and the second battery pack improves the efficiency of battery replacement.
  • the number of the parking positions is multiple, and the number of the first power swapping device and the second power swapping device is also multiple.
  • the parking position, the number of the first power swapping device, and the second power swapping device can be designed according to actual power swapping requirements.
  • the present invention provides a power swapping method, the power swapping station used in the power swapping method is as described in the above technical solution, and the power swapping method includes the following steps:
  • the power station can be compatible with the disassembly of battery packs of different types of battery swapping vehicles.
  • the battery swapping method further includes the following steps: controlling the first battery swapping device or the second battery swapping device to install a fully charged battery pack on the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack of the electric vehicle can be exchanged through the above-mentioned battery exchange method.
  • the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device can be compatible with the disassembly and installation of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, which can further improve the efficiency of battery replacement, and the flexibility of the battery replacement process is also improved.
  • the above-mentioned power-changing station and its power-changing method by placing multiple types of battery packs in the battery compartment, and configuring power-changing equipment that can unlock and unlock multiple types of battery packs, the power-changing station can replace multiple types of battery packs. It is suitable for the replacement of a variety of electric vehicles. Compared with the existing replacement station that can only replace one type of battery pack, the replacement station has higher compatibility and a wider range of applications.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a substation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a switching station according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a power exchange method for a power exchange station according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a power swapping method for a power swap station according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a first locking mechanism of a power exchange device in a power exchange station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second disassembly and assembly mechanism of power swapping equipment in a swap station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows Embodiment 1 of the switching station of the present invention.
  • the swap station is used to replace battery packs for electric vehicles.
  • the two types of electric vehicles are the first electric vehicle and the second electric vehicle; there are also two types of battery packs used for battery replacement, and the two battery packs are the first battery.
  • Package and a second battery package wherein, the first battery pack is installed on the first electric vehicle through the first locking mechanism, and the second battery pack is installed on the second electric vehicle through the second locking mechanism.
  • the swap station includes a parking platform 1 and a battery compartment 2 on one side of the parking platform 1.
  • a parking position 11 is provided on the parking platform 1, and a first battery pack and a second battery are stored in the battery compartment 2 Bag.
  • the swap station also includes a first swapping device 3 and a second swapping device 4.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 is used to go back and forth between the parking position 11 and the battery compartment 2 to replace the battery pack of the first electric vehicle, and the first battery swapping device 3 is also used to unlock and unlock the first locking mechanism.
  • the first battery pack 3 can remove the first battery pack from the battery compartment 2 and move it to the first electric vehicle, lock the first locking mechanism, and fix the first battery pack to the first electric vehicle.
  • the first battery replacement device 3 can also unlock the first locking mechanism, so that the first battery pack is separated from the first electric vehicle, and then the first battery pack is moved to the battery compartment 2.
  • the second battery swapping device 4 is used to go back and forth between the parking position 11 and the battery compartment 2 to replace the battery pack of the second electric vehicle, and the second battery swapping device 4 is also used to unlock and unlock the second locking mechanism.
  • the second battery pack 4 can remove the second battery pack from the battery compartment 2 and move it to the second electric vehicle, lock the second locking mechanism, and fix the second battery pack to the second electric vehicle.
  • the second battery replacement device 4 can also unlock the second locking mechanism, so that the second battery pack is separated from the second electric vehicle, and then the second battery pack is moved to the battery compartment 2.
  • the The swap station can swap the battery packs of two types of electric vehicles (ie, the first electric vehicle, the second electric vehicle), and is compatible with the swap functions of the two types of battery packs, which improves the compatibility of the swap station.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 is also used to unlock and unlock the second locking mechanism, that is, the first battery swapping device 3 can lock the second locking mechanism so that the second battery pack is installed on the On the second electric vehicle, at the same time, the first battery swapping device 3 can also unlock the second locking mechanism, so that the second battery pack is separated from the second electric vehicle.
  • the second battery swapping device 4 is also used to unlock and unlock the first locking mechanism, that is, the second battery swapping device 4 can lock the first locking mechanism so that the first battery The battery pack is installed on the first electric vehicle, and the second battery swapping device 4 can also unlock the first locking mechanism, so that the first battery pack is separated from the first electric vehicle.
  • the first power swapping device 3 is provided with a first dismounting device. Assembly mechanism and second disassembly mechanism. When the first battery pack needs to be replaced, use the first disassembly and assembly mechanism on the first battery pack 3 to unlock and unlock the first locking mechanism; when the second battery pack is replaced, use the The second disassembly and assembly mechanism unlocks and unlocks the second locking mechanism.
  • the second battery swapping device 4 is also provided There is a first disassembly mechanism and a second disassembly mechanism.
  • first disassembly mechanism When the first battery pack needs to be replaced, use the first disassembly and assembly mechanism on the second battery pack 4 to unlock and unlock the first locking mechanism; when the second battery pack needs to be replaced, use the second battery pack 4
  • the second disassembly and assembly mechanism unlocks the second locking mechanism.
  • first swapping device 3 or the second swapping device 4 is provided with a first disassembly and assembly mechanism and a second disassembly and assembly mechanism, it is also possible to use only one swapping device (the first swapping device 3 or the second swapping device 4 ) The first battery pack and the second battery pack can be replaced.
  • the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism involved in this embodiment are described using Chinese patent application numbers 2016110412204 and 2017112736024 as examples, but the two locking mechanisms in the multifunctional power exchange device of the present invention are not
  • the specific structure in the prior art mentioned above is limited, and can also be applied to other types of battery locking structures.
  • the first locking mechanism 50 includes a lock link 501, a lock base 502, and a lock tongue 503.
  • the lock base 502 forms a lock In the groove 504, the lock tongue 503 is located in the lock groove 504, and the lock link 501 can drive the lock tongue 503 to retract to the outside of the lock groove 504.
  • the first disassembly and assembly mechanism When unlocking the first battery pack, the first disassembly and assembly mechanism withstands the unlocking position 505 of the lock link 501 and drives the lock link 501 to move, so that the lock tongue 503 is retracted to the outside of the lock groove 504; The mechanism drives the first battery pack to move, so that the lock shaft of the first battery pack is moved out of the lock slot 504, thereby unlocking the first battery pack.
  • the first battery pack is locked, when the lock link 501 does not contact the first disassembly mechanism, the first disassembly mechanism drives the first battery pack to move, so that the lock shaft of the first battery pack enters the lock groove 504 And realize the lock.
  • first locking mechanism 50 shown in FIG. 12 is a typical example of the locking end of the first locking mechanism.
  • first disassembly and assembly mechanism 1 can also lock or unlock any other components that require relative movement for locking or unlocking, that is, other snap-type or staggered-tooth locks.
  • Non-rotating locking mechanisms such as structures; all that is required is to design the relative movement between the movable parts of the first disassembly mechanism to match the locking or unlocking direction of the first locking mechanism 50.
  • the second disassembly and assembly mechanism 60 includes a rotating portion 601 and a rotation control mechanism 602.
  • the second locking mechanism is provided with a locking end that cooperates with the rotating portion 601, and the rotating portion 601 is used for Disassembly and assembly are performed at the locking end of the rotating second locking mechanism;
  • the rotation control mechanism 602 is used to control the rotation of the rotating part 601 so that the rotating part 601 can rotate the locking end so that the second locking mechanism can be disassembled and assembled.
  • the rotation control mechanism 602 includes a motor 6021 and a reducer 6022, and the output of the motor 6021 can be directly or indirectly input to the reducer 6022.
  • the connecting shaft (not labeled) provided in the motor 6021 can extend into the coupling (not labeled) in the reducer 6022, so as to realize the connection between the motor 6021 and the reducer 6022.
  • the speed of the motor 6021 is changed by the speed reducer 6022, and then the speed reducer 6022 directly or indirectly drives the rotating part 601 to realize the tightening or loosening of the locking end of the second locking mechanism, so as to realize the second battery pack Removal or installation.
  • the bolt is a typical example of the locking end of the second locking mechanism.
  • the rotating part 601 can be used to screw any components that require a rotating operation; all that is required is that the rotating part 601 is designed to match the shape of the locking end of the second locking mechanism.
  • each battery pack corresponds to a type of battery pack.
  • One battery swapping device corresponds to at least one battery pack swap. In order to improve the compatibility and battery swap efficiency of the battery swapping device, one battery swapping device can also correspond to the battery swapping of multiple battery packs.
  • the above-mentioned parking positions 11 may be multiple, and the multiple parking positions 11 may park multiple electric vehicles to improve the efficiency of power exchange.
  • the first disassembly and assembly mechanism and the second disassembly and assembly mechanism are provided in the first swapping device 3 or the second swapping device 4. It is also possible to use only one swapping device (the first swapping device 3 or the second swapping device 4).
  • Device 4 can complete the battery replacement of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, that is, each parking position 11 is equipped with a battery replacement device.
  • one power swap device can also be used to correspond to multiple parking positions 11.
  • the number of power-swap equipment and parking positions are set according to the actual power-swap demand of the power-swap station.
  • the switching station also includes a vehicle identification device 5, which is used to identify the battery pack type and the lock mechanism type of the electric vehicle to be replaced.
  • the vehicle identification device 5 is also used to send the first replacement when the type of the locking mechanism is the first locking mechanism, that is, the electric vehicle parked in the parking position 11 is the first electric vehicle, and the battery pack to be replaced is the first battery pack.
  • the electrical signal is sent to the first battery swapping device 3, and the first battery swapping device 3 performs the battery pack replacement operation according to the first battery swapping signal, that is, the first battery pack of the first electric vehicle is replaced.
  • the vehicle identification device 5 can also send the first battery swapping signal to the second battery swapping device 4, and the second battery swapping device 4 is based on the first battery pack.
  • the battery replacement signal executes the battery pack replacement operation, that is, the first battery pack of the first electric vehicle is replaced.
  • the vehicle identification device 5 is also used to send a second replacement when the type of the locking mechanism is the second locking mechanism, that is, the electric vehicle parked in the parking position 11 is the second electric vehicle, and the battery pack to be replaced is the second battery pack.
  • the electrical signal is sent to the second battery swapping device 4, and the second battery swapping device 4 performs the battery pack replacement operation according to the second battery swapping signal, that is, the second battery pack of the second electric vehicle is replaced.
  • the vehicle identification device 5 can also send a second battery swapping signal to the first battery swapping device 3, and the first battery swapping device 3 is based on the second battery pack.
  • the battery replacement signal executes the battery pack replacement operation, that is, the second battery pack of the second electric vehicle is replaced.
  • the vehicle identification device 5 By setting the vehicle identification device 5, it is possible to identify the battery pack type and the locking mechanism type of the electric vehicle driving into the parking position 11, so as to determine the subsequent battery replacement process.
  • the vehicle identification device 5 may be installed at the entrance of the parking platform 1. In this way, when the electric vehicle enters the parking platform 1, the battery pack type and the lock mechanism type of the electric vehicle can be immediately recognized.
  • the swap station also includes a vehicle loading platform.
  • the parking position 11 is located on the upper surface of the vehicle loading platform.
  • the height of the parking location 11 can be realized by the lifting movement of the vehicle loading platform, specifically through the lifting mechanism provided at the bottom of the vehicle loading platform.
  • the height of the parking position 11 can be adjusted during the lifting or descending process.
  • the lifting mechanism can adjust the parking position 11 to different heights according to the type of the electric vehicle parked in the parking position 11, that is, lift the electric vehicle to different heights.
  • the lifting mechanism lifts the first electric vehicle at the parking position 11 to a first height, which can adapt to the replacement of the first battery pack Process;
  • the lifting mechanism will lift the second electric car at the parking position 11 to a second height, which can be adapted to the second battery pack
  • the battery replacement process includes the battery removal and battery installation process.
  • the first height may include a first sub-height, a second sub-height, a third sub-height, and a fourth sub-height, respectively corresponding to the four height positions corresponding to the vehicle platform during battery removal or installation.
  • the four height positions realize the adjustment of the height position of the parking position 11.
  • the first sub-height is the initial height position where the electric vehicle enters the vehicle platform;
  • the second sub-height is the height position where the vehicle platform lifts the electric vehicle to the height where the unloaded battery exchange equipment can enter and exit the bottom of the electric vehicle;
  • the third sub-height is the height at which the vehicle platform lowers the electric vehicle to the point where the battery swapping device can remove the battery from the bottom of the electric vehicle or install the battery to the bottom of the electric vehicle;
  • the fourth sub-height is the vehicle platform lift the electric vehicle to Make the battery-carrying replacement equipment go in and out of the height position at the bottom of the electric vehicle.
  • the second height may also include four sub-heights.
  • the first height and/or the second height may be the initial height position where the electric vehicle enters the vehicle platform.
  • the electric vehicle is to disassemble or install the battery at the initial height position, and the battery is disassembled or installed.
  • the position change of the battery swapping device and the bottom of the electric vehicle is realized by adjusting the height position of the corresponding battery swapping device.
  • the lifting mechanism can also be adjusted to a corresponding height according to the power exchange requirements of different electric vehicles.
  • the battery compartment 2 has a battery rack for placing battery packs.
  • the side of the battery compartment 2 facing the parking platform 1 has a battery access port 21.
  • the battery compartment 2 is provided with a palletizer 8 and a palletizer 8 It is used to move the battery pack in the battery compartment 2 between the battery access port 21 and the battery rack, and the first battery replacement device 3 or the second battery replacement device 4 is taken out from the battery access port 21 or put into the battery pack.
  • the first battery exchange device 3 or the second battery exchange device 4 transfers the old battery pack from the battery take-out port 21 to the palletizer 8, and the palletizer 8 Place the old battery pack on the battery rack; when installing the new battery pack on the electric vehicle, the palletizer 8 removes the new battery pack from the battery rack and moves it to the battery access port 21.
  • a battery swapping device 3 or a second battery swapping device 4 takes out the new battery pack on the palletizer 8 from the battery access port 21, and the first battery swapping device 3 or the second battery swapping device 4 moves to the parking position 11 , Install the new battery pack on the electric vehicle.
  • a walking path 6 is formed between the parking position 11 and the battery access opening 21 of the battery compartment 2.
  • the walking path 6 is used for the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 to go back and forth between the parking location 11 and the battery access ⁇ 21.
  • the avoidance area 7 and the walking path 6 The avoidance area 7 is used to park the first power swapping device 3 or the second power swapping device 4 without overlapping and connecting.
  • the avoidance area 7 is used to allow the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 to avoid each other during walking.
  • the second power swapping device 4 can move to the avoidance area 7, so that the first power swapping device 3 can walk on the walking path 6 without obstacles.
  • the first power swapping device 3 can move to the avoidance area 7, so that the second power swapping device 4 can walk on the walking path 6 without obstacles.
  • FIG 2 shows the second embodiment of the switching station of the present invention.
  • Most of the structure of the substation of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the two avoidance areas 7 are provided on the side of the walking path 6 opposite to that of the first embodiment.
  • Figure 3 shows the third embodiment of the switching station of the present invention. Most of the structure of the substation of embodiment 3 is the same as that of embodiment 1, but the difference is: two avoidance areas 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the walking path 6, and the two avoidance areas 7 are staggered with each other, that is, two avoidance areas The intersection of 7 and walking path 6 is at two positions of walking path 6.
  • Figure 4 shows the fourth embodiment of the substation of the present invention.
  • Most of the structure of the substation of embodiment 4 is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that: two avoidance areas 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the walking path 6, and the two avoidance areas 7 are aligned, that is, two avoidance areas The intersection of 7 and the walking path 6 converges at a position on the walking path 6.
  • Figure 5 shows the fifth embodiment of the switching station of the present invention.
  • Most of the structure of the switching station of Embodiment 5 is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the walking path 6 passes through the parking position 11 to the side of the parking position 11 away from the battery compartment 2, namely, the first power-changing device 3 and the second power-changing device.
  • the second battery replacement device 4 can pass through the bottom of the electric vehicle and move to the side of the parking position 11 away from the battery compartment 2.
  • the two avoidance areas 7 are respectively the first avoidance area 71 and the second avoidance area 72.
  • the first avoidance area 71 is located between the battery compartment 2 and the parking position 11 and is set on one side of the walking path 6; and the second avoidance area 72 is located at the side of the parking position 11 away from the battery compartment 2 and is arranged at the end of the walking path 6.
  • the location of the avoidance area 7 described in the foregoing embodiments 1 to 5 can be selected according to the movement paths of the first power swapping device 3 and the second power swapping device 4 during the power swapping process of the power swapping station.
  • the reasonable design of the avoidance area 7 can achieve the effect of simplifying the power replacement process and saving power replacement time.
  • Fig. 6 shows the sixth embodiment of the switching station of the present invention.
  • the battery compartment 2 has two battery access ports 21, and the two battery access ports 21 are the first access port 211 and the first access port 211, respectively.
  • the first walking path 61 connects the parking position 11 and the first access port 211
  • the second walking path 62 connects the parking position 11 and the second access port 212
  • the first power swapping device 3 walks on the first walking path 61
  • the second power swapping device 4 walks on the second walking path 62. Since the first walking path 61 and the second walking path 62 do not overlap each other, the first walking path 61 is an avoidance area relative to the second power swapping device 4, and the second walking path 62 is relative to the first power swapping device 3. To avoid areas.
  • the movement of the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 is relatively independent, so that the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 do not have to avoid each other, which improves the Electric efficiency.
  • Figure 7 shows the seventh embodiment of the switching station of the present invention.
  • the structure of the parking platform and the structure of the battery compartment of the switching station in the seventh embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, the difference is:
  • the two battery compartments 2 are the first battery compartment 22 and the second battery compartment 23 respectively.
  • the first battery compartment 22 and the second battery compartment 23 are distributed on both sides of the parking position 11.
  • the battery compartment 22 is used to place the first battery pack
  • the second battery compartment 23 is used to place the second battery pack.
  • the first battery replacement device 3 reciprocates between the first battery compartment 22 and the parking position 11 to carry out the battery pack for the first electric vehicle.
  • the second battery replacement device 4 reciprocates between the second battery compartment 23 and the parking position 11 to replace the battery pack of the second electric vehicle.
  • the first battery compartment 22 and the second battery compartment 23 each have a battery access port 21, and the two battery access ports 21 are the third access port 213 and the fourth access port 214, that is, the first battery compartment 22 has The third access port 213, the second battery compartment 23 has a fourth access port 214, the first battery replacement device 3 exchanges battery packs through the third access port 213, and the second battery replacement device 4 passes the fourth access port 214 Exchange the battery pack.
  • the two walking paths 6 are the third walking path 63 and the fourth walking path 64 respectively.
  • the third walking path 63 extends from the third access port 213 to the parking position 11; the first battery swapping device 3 walks on the third walking path 63, back and forth between the third access port 213 of the first battery compartment 22 and the parking position 11.
  • the fourth travel path 64 extends from the fourth access port 214 to the parking position 11; the second battery swapping device 4 walks on the fourth travel path 64, going back and forth between the fourth access port 214 of the second battery compartment 23 and the parking position 11.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 will not interfere with each other during the battery swapping process, and there is no need to set up avoidance areas. , Improve the efficiency of power exchange and simplify the process of power exchange.
  • Fig. 8 shows Embodiment 8 of the substation of the present invention. Most of the structure of the substation of embodiment 8 is the same as that of embodiment 7, the difference lies in:
  • the number of parking positions 11 is two, and the two parking positions 11 are the first parking position 111 and the second parking position 112 respectively.
  • the third walking path 63 extends from the third access port 213 to the first parking position 111; the first battery swapping device 3 walks on the third walking path 63, going back and forth between the third access port 213 of the first battery compartment 22 and the first parking position 111.
  • the fourth walking path 64 extends from the fourth access port 214 to the second parking position 112; the second battery swapping device 4 walks on the fourth walking path 64, going back and forth between the fourth access port 214 of the second battery compartment 23 and the second parking position 112.
  • the first electric vehicle entering the parking platform 1 is the first electric vehicle
  • the first electric vehicle is parked at the first parking position 111 and the first battery swapping device 3 is used for power exchange;
  • the electric vehicle entering the parking platform 1 is the first electric vehicle In the second electric vehicle
  • the second electric vehicle is parked at the second parking position 112 and the second battery swapping device 4 is used for power swapping.
  • the parking position can be individually designed for the power exchange needs of different electric vehicles, such as the height of the parking position, Area, etc.
  • the first parking position 111 and the second parking position 112 may be arranged side by side, that is, different from the way of setting back and forth on the vehicle platform shown in FIG. Between a battery compartment 22 and a second battery compartment 23.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 can go back and forth between the third access port 213 of the first battery compartment 22 and the first parking position 111 and the fourth access port of the second battery compartment 23, respectively. 214 and the second parking position 112.
  • first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 can also walk on the same walking path, which is determined by the third access port of the first battery compartment 22 213 sequentially extends to the first parking position 111, the second parking position 112, and the fourth access port 214 of the second battery compartment 22, and the first battery swapping device 3 and/or the second battery swapping device 4 can be provided on the walking path The avoidance area to ensure that another battery replacement device can walk normally.
  • the number of parking positions 11 may be more than two, so as to meet the battery pack replacement requirements of various types of electric vehicles.
  • the battery swapping device may not necessarily correspond to the parking position one-to-one.
  • One parking position can also correspond to multiple battery swapping devices, and multiple battery swapping devices can also correspond to one parking location.
  • the number of replacement equipment and parking positions can be adjusted according to the actual demand for replacement.
  • Fig. 9 shows Embodiment 9 of the substation of the present invention. Most of the structure of the substation of embodiment 9 is the same as that of embodiment 8, except that:
  • the third walking path 63 extends from the third access opening 213 through the first parking position 111 to the fourth access opening 214
  • the fourth walking path 64 extends from the fourth access opening 214 through the second parking position 112 to the fourth access opening 214.
  • the three access ports 213, the third walking path 63 and the fourth walking path 64 are connected end to end to form a circular route.
  • the first power swapping device 3 and the second power swapping device 4 can walk on a circular route, and both can reach the third access port 213, the first parking position 111, the fourth access port 214, and the second parking position 112.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 can be compatible with the battery swapping of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, which improves the battery swapping efficiency.
  • Fig. 10 shows Embodiment 10 of the present invention, and provides a power replacement method for a power replacement station.
  • the power replacement method includes the following steps:
  • step S2 if the electric vehicle is the first electric vehicle, control the first battery swapping device 3 to remove the first battery pack of the first electric vehicle that is deficient; if the electric vehicle is the second electric vehicle, control the second battery swap The device 4 disassembles the second battery pack of the second electric vehicle that is deficient.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 are compatible with the disassembly work of the first battery pack and the second battery pack
  • the second battery swapping device 4 can also be controlled Disassemble the first battery pack of the first electric vehicle that is deficient; if the electric vehicle is a second electric vehicle, the first battery swapping device 3 can also be controlled to disassemble the second battery pack of the second electric vehicle that is deficient.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 can be compatible with the disassembly work of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, which can further improve the efficiency of battery replacement and the flexibility of the battery replacement process.
  • Fig. 11 shows Embodiment 11 of the present invention, and provides a power replacement method for a power replacement station.
  • the power replacement method includes the following steps:
  • step S2 the first battery swapping device 3 is controlled to remove the first battery pack of the first electric car that is deficient, and in step S3, the first battery swapping device 3 is controlled to be full
  • the electric first battery pack is installed on the first electric vehicle.
  • step S2 the second battery swapping device 4 is controlled to remove the second battery pack of the second electric vehicle that is deficient.
  • the second battery swapping device 4 is controlled to be full The electric second battery pack is installed on the second electric vehicle.
  • step S2 if the electric vehicle is the first electric vehicle, it can also be Control the second battery swapping device 4 to remove the first battery pack of the first electric vehicle that is deficient; if the electric car is a second electric car, you can also control the first battery swapping device 3 to remove the depleted first battery pack of the second electric vehicle. 2. Remove the battery pack.
  • step S3 if the electric vehicle is the first electric vehicle, the second battery swapping device 4 can also be controlled to install the fully charged first battery pack on the first electric vehicle; if the electric vehicle is the second electric vehicle, also The first battery swapping device 3 can be controlled to remove the second battery pack of the second electric vehicle that is deficient.
  • the first battery swapping device 3 and the second battery swapping device 4 can be compatible with the disassembly and installation of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, which can further improve the efficiency of battery replacement and the flexibility of the battery replacement process.

Abstract

提供一种换电站及其换电方法，换电站包括至少一个停车位置（11）、电池仓（2）、第一换电设备（3）和第二换电设备（4），电池仓（2）至少存储有用于第一电动汽车的第一电池包和用于第二电动汽车的第二电池包，第一电池包通过第一锁止机构安装于第一电动汽车上，第二电池包通过第二锁止机构安装于第二电动汽车上；第一换电设备（3）和第二换电设备（4）用于往返于停车位置（11）与电池仓（2）从而对第一电动汽车或第二电动汽车进行电池包更换，其中，第一换电设备（3）用于对第一锁止机构进行加解锁，第二换电设备（4）用于对第二锁止机构进行加解锁。换电站及其换电方法，能更换多种类型以及不同锁止类型的电池包，能适应多种电动汽车的换电，换电站的兼容性更高，应用范围更广。

Description

换电站及其换电方法
本申请要求申请日为2020年5月25日的中国专利申请2020104515801和2020104534817的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换电站及其换电方法。
背景技术
随着传统化石能源消耗所带来的供应压力以及尾气污染，传统燃油汽车的发展进入了迟滞期。对于绿色能源前景的青睐，电动汽车以其节能环保的优势在近几年呈现出井喷式发展。而电动汽车因其对电池充电时间的短板促使了快换式电动汽车的出现，即快速更换电动汽车上的电池包，将亏电电池包卸下并安装上满电电池包。电动汽车因续航里程需求导致其电池包的重量非常重，因此，对电池包的更换需要依赖专有设备进行，于是，换电站作为一种专业提供电动汽车电池包更换的服务场所应运而生。
然而，目前的换电站都只是根据各汽车生产厂家的车型和电池包规格不同而量身定制的，也就是说一个换电站只能够更换相同规格和相同锁止方式的电池包，极大地限制了换电站的发展前景。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中的换电站只能更换一种规格电池包的缺陷，提供一种换电站及其换电方法。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
本发明提供一种换电站，所述换电站用于给电动汽车更换电池包，所述换电站包括：
至少一个停车位置；
电池仓，至少存储有用于第一电动汽车的第一电池包和用于第二电动汽车的第二电池包，所述第一电池包通过第一锁止机构安装于所述第一电动汽车上，所述第二电池包通过第二锁止机构安装于所述第二电动汽车上；
第一换电设备和第二换电设备，所述第一换电设备和第二换电设备用于往返于所述停车位置与所述电池仓从而对所述第一电动汽车或第二电动汽车进行电池包更换，其中， 所述第一换电设备用于对所述第一锁止机构进行加解锁，所述第二换电设备用于对所述第二锁止机构进行加解锁。
在本技术方案中，通过在电池仓内放置第一电池包、第二电池包，并配置能加解锁第一电池包、第二电池包的第一换电设备、第二换电设备，使换电站至少能够更换两种类型的电池包，从而至少兼容第一电动汽车、第二电动汽车的换电。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括车辆识别装置，所述车辆识别装置用于识别出待换电的电动汽车的电池包类型和锁止机构类型，
所述车辆识别装置还用于在所述锁止机构类型为所述第一锁止机构时发送第一换电信号给所述第一换电设备，并且在所述锁止机构类型为所述第二锁止机构时发送第二换电信号给所述第二换电设备；
所述第一换电设备和所述第二换电设备分别根据所述第一换电信号和所述第二换电信号执行电池包更换操作。
在本技术方案中，通过设置车辆识别装置，可以识别驶入停车位置的电动汽车的电池包类型和锁止机构类型，从而控制对应的换电设备执行后续的换电流程。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括升降机构，所述升降机构用于将位于所述停车位置上的所述第一电动汽车举升至第一高度；所述升降机构还用于将位于所述停车位置上的所述第二电动汽车举升至第二高度。
在本技术方案中，升降机构可根据停放在停车位置的电动汽车的类型将停车位置调整至不同的高度，即将电动汽车举升至不同的高度，从而可适应不同类型的电池包的换电过程的拆装电池包的高度空间需求。
较佳地，所述电池仓位于所述停车位置的一侧，所述换电站设有避让区域，所述避让区域位于所述电池仓和所述停车位置之间或在所述停车位置相对于电池仓的另一侧，所述避让区域用于让所述第一换电设备和所述第二换电设备在行走过程中相互避让。
在本技术方案中，通过设置避让区域，可避免第一换电设备、第二换电设备在行走过程中发生相互干扰。
较佳地，所述电池仓具有一个电池取放口，所述避让区域设置在往返于所述停车位置与所述电池取放口之间的行走路径的任意一侧或两侧。
在本技术方案中，当电池仓只有一个电池取放口时，第一换电设备、第二换电设备具有相重合的行走路径，避让区域设置于行走路径的任意一侧或两侧，可实现第一换电设备或第二换电设备对另一个换电设备的避让。
较佳地，所述电池仓具有两个电池取放口，其中一个电池取放口的避让区域为另一 个所述电池取放口与所述停车位置之间的行走路径。
在本技术方案中，当电池仓具有两个电池取放口时，第一换电设备、第二换电设备可分别设计一个单独的不相重合的行走路径，这样，其中一个电池取放口与停车位置之间所对应的行走路径即可作为另一个电池取放口与停车位置之间的避让区域。
较佳地，所述电池仓分布于所述停车位置的两侧，分别为第一电池仓和第二电池仓，所述第一电池仓用于放置所述第一电池包，所述第二电池仓用于放置所述第二电池包，所述第一换电设备往返于所述第一电池仓与所述停车位置从而对所述第一电动汽车进行电池包更换，所述第二换电设备往返于所述第二电池仓与所述停车位置从而对所述第二电动汽车进行电池包更换。
在本技术方案中，将第一电池包放置于第一电池仓，第二电池包放置于第二电池仓，第一电池仓、第二电池仓设置于停车位置的两侧，使两个类型的电池包具有独立的仓位区域，而且第一换电设备与第一电池仓处于相同侧，第二换电设备与第二电池仓处于相同侧，优化了换电站的结构和电池包取放流程设计。
较佳地，所述第一电池仓和所述第二电池仓分别具有一个电池取放口，所述第一换电设备和所述第二换电设备分别通过对应的所述电池取放口交换电池包。
在本技术方案中，通过对第一电池仓、第二电池仓分别设置一个电池取放口，使第一换电设备、第二换电设备能通过对应的电池取放口交换电池包，使第一电池包的换电流程、第二电池包的换电流程相互独立，进一步优化了换电站和换电流程的设计。
较佳地，所述第一换电设备还用于对所述第二锁止机构进行加解锁，所述第二换电设备还用于对所述第一锁止机构进行加解锁。
在本技术方案中，第一换电设备、第二换电设备均可对第一锁止机构、第二锁止机构进行加解锁，使第一换电设备、第二换电设备能兼容第一电池包、第二电池包的更换，提高了换电效率。
较佳地，所述停车位置的数量为多个，所述第一换电设备、第二换电设备的数量也为多个。
在本技术方案中，停车位置、第一换电设备、第二换电设备的数量，可以根据实际的换电需求进行设计。
本发明提供一种换电方法，所述换电方法所使用的换电站如上述技术方案所述，所述换电方法包括以下步骤：
获取驶入停车位置的电动汽车的类型以及电池包的锁止机构类型；
控制与所述锁止机构类型相匹配的所述第一换电设备或所述第二换电设备将所述电 动汽车的亏电的电池包拆卸。
在本技术方案中，通过上述换电方法，在获取到电动汽车类型和对应的电池包的锁止机构类型后，可以控制匹配的换电设备对电动汽车的旧的电池包的拆卸，使换电站能够兼容不同类型换电车辆的电池包拆卸。
较佳地，所述换电方法还包括以下步骤：控制所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备将满电的电池包安装到所述电动汽车上。
在本技术方案中，通过上述换电方法，可实现电动汽车的电池包的换电。而第一换电设备、第二换电设备可以兼容第一电池包、第二电池包的拆卸、安装工作，可进一步提高换电效率，换电流程的灵活性也得到提高。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
上述换电站及其换电方法，通过在电池仓内放置多种类型的电池包，并配置能加解锁多种类型的电池包的换电设备，使换电站能更换多种类型的电池包，适应多种电动汽车的换电，较现有的只能更换一种类型的电池包的换电站，该换电站的兼容性更高，应用范围更广。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的换电站的布局示意图。
图2为本发明实施例2的换电站的布局示意图。
图3为本发明实施例3的换电站的布局示意图。
图4为本发明实施例4的换电站的布局示意图。
图5为本发明实施例5的换电站的布局示意图。
图6为本发明实施例6的换电站的布局示意图。
图7为本发明实施例7的换电站的布局示意图。
图8为本发明实施例8的换电站的布局示意图。
图9为本发明实施例9的换电站的布局示意图。
图10为本发明实施例10的换电站的换电方法的步骤示意图。
图11为本发明实施例11的换电站的换电方法的步骤示意图。
图12为本发明一实施例的换电站中换电设备的第一锁止机构的结构示意图。
图13为本发明一实施例的换电站中换电设备的第二拆装机构的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
停车平台1；停车位置11；第一停车位置111；第二停车位置112；电池仓2；电池取放口21；第一取放口211；第二取放口212；第三取放口213；第四取放口214；第一电池仓22；第二电池仓23；第一换电设备3；第二换电设备4；车辆识别装置5；行走路径6；第一行走路径61；第二行走路径62；第三行走路径63；第四行走路径64；避让区域7；第一避让区域71；第二避让区域72；码垛机8；第一锁止机构50；锁连杆501；锁基座502；锁舌503；锁槽504；解锁位505；第二拆装机构60；旋转部601；旋转控制机构602；电机6021；减速器6022
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
图1所示为本发明换电站的实施例1。该换电站用于给电动汽车更换电池包。其中，可换电的电动汽车的类型为两种，两种电动汽车为第一电动汽车和第二电动汽车；用于换电的电池包的类型也有两种，两种电池包为第一电池包和第二电池包。其中，第一电池包通过第一锁止机构安装于第一电动汽车上，第二电池包通过第二锁止机构安装于第二电动汽车上。
如图1所示，该换电站包括停车平台1和位于停车平台1一侧的电池仓2，停车平台1上设有一个停车位置11，电池仓2内存储有第一电池包和第二电池包。该换电站还包括第一换电设备3和第二换电设备4。
第一换电设备3用于往返于停车位置11与电池仓2从而对第一电动汽车进行电池包更换，第一换电设备3还用于对第一锁止机构进行加解锁。具体而言，第一换电设备3可以将第一电池包从电池仓2中取出移动至第一电动汽车上，对第一锁止机构进行锁止，使第一电池包固定到第一电动汽车上；同时，第一换电设备3还可以对第一锁止机构进行解锁，使第一电池包脱离第一电动汽车，再将第一电池包移动至电池仓2中。
第二换电设备4用于往返于停车位置11与电池仓2从而对第二电动汽车进行电池包更换，第二换电设备4还用于对第二锁止机构进行加解锁。具体而言，第二换电设备4可以将第二电池包从电池仓2中取出移动至第二电动汽车上，对第二锁止机构进行锁止，使第二电池包固定到第二电动汽车上；同时，第二换电设备4还可以对第二锁止机构进行解锁，使第二电池包脱离第二电动汽车，再将第二电池包移动至电池仓2中。
通过设置存储有两种类型的电池包的电池仓2，并针对两种类型的电池包分别配置相对应的换电设备(即第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4)，使该换电站可以对两种类型的电动汽车(即第一电动汽车、第二电动汽车)的电池包进行换电，兼容了两种类型的电池包的换电功能，提高了换电站的兼容性。
为了提高换电效率，第一换电设备3还用于对第二锁止机构进行加解锁，即第一换电设备3可以对第二锁止机构进行锁止，使第二电池包安装到第二电动汽车上，同时第一换电设备3还可以对第二锁止机构进行解锁，使第二电池包脱离第二电动汽车。
同样的，为了提高换电效率，第二换电设备4还用于对第一锁止机构进行加解锁，即第二换电设备4可以对第一锁止机构进行锁止，使第一电池包安装到第一电动汽车上，同时第二换电设备4还可以对第一锁止机构进行解锁，使第一电池包脱离第一电动汽车。
为了使第一换电设备3可以兼容第一锁止机构和第二锁止机构，达到兼容第一电池包和第二电池包的更换的目的，第一换电设备3上设置有第一拆装机构和第二拆装机构。当需要更换第一电池包时，使用第一换电设备3上的第一拆装机构对第一锁止机构进行加解锁；当更换第二电池包时，使用第一换电设备3上的第二拆装机构对第二锁止机构进行加解锁。
同样的，为了使第二换电设备4可以兼容第一锁止机构和第二锁止机构，达到兼容第一电池包和第二电池包的更换的目的，第二换电设备4上也设置有第一拆装机构和第二拆装机构。当需要更换第一电池包时，使用第二换电设备4上的第一拆装机构对第一锁止机构进行加解锁；当需要更换第二电池包时，使用第二换电设备4上的第二拆装机构对第二锁止机构进行加解锁。
由于第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4设置有第一拆装机构和第二拆装机构，也可以仅使用一个换电设备(第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4)即可完成第一电池包、第二电池包的换电。
本实施例中所涉及的第一锁止机构和第二锁止机构以中国专利申请号2016110412204、2017112736024为例进行说明，但本发明的多功能换电设备中的两种锁止机构并不以上述现有技术中的具体结构为限，还可适用于其他类型的电池锁止结构。
如图12所示为与第一拆装机构相对应的第一锁止机构50，第一锁止机构50包括锁连杆501、锁基座502和锁舌503，锁基座502上形成锁槽504，锁舌503位于锁槽504内，锁连杆501可带动锁舌503缩回至锁槽504的外部。
在进行第一电池包的解锁时，第一拆装机构顶住锁连杆501的解锁位505并带动锁连杆501移动，使锁舌503缩回至锁槽504的外部；第一拆装机构带动第一电池包移动， 使第一电池包的锁轴从锁槽504中移出，从而实现第一电池包的解锁。在进行第一电池包的锁止时，当锁连杆501不接触第一拆装机构时，第一拆装机构带动第一电池包移动，使第一电池包的锁轴进入锁槽504中并实现锁止。
需要说明的是，图12所示的第一锁止机构50的具体结构是第一锁止机构的锁止端的一个典型示例。但是，可以了解，除了图5中的结构以外，第一拆装机构1还可以锁止或解锁其它任何需要相对移动进行锁止或解锁的部件，即其它的卡扣式或错齿式锁止结构等非旋转式锁止机构；仅需要的是将第一拆装机构的可移动部件之间的相对移动设计成与第一锁止机构50的锁止或解锁方向相配合。
如图13所示，在某一实施例中，第二拆装机构60包括旋转部601和旋转控制机构602，第二锁止机构设有与旋转部601配合的锁止端，旋转部601用于旋转第二锁止机构的锁止端进行拆装；旋转控制机构602用于控制旋转部601旋转，使旋转部601能旋转锁止端令第二锁止机构实现拆装。其中，旋转控制机构602包括电机6021和减速器6022，电机6021的输出可以直接或间接地输入到减速器6022。比如，设置于电机6021的连接轴(未标识)能够伸入到减速器6022中的联轴器(未标识)，从而实现电机6021与减速器6022的连接。通过减速器6022对电机6021的转速进行改变，然后再由减速器6022直接或间接地驱动旋转部601，实现对第二锁止机构的锁止端的拧紧或拧松，从而实现第二电池包的拆卸或安装。螺栓是第二锁止机构的锁止端的一个典型示例。但是，可以了解，除了螺栓以外，旋转部601可以用于旋拧任何需要旋转操作的部件；仅需要的是将旋转部601设计成与第二锁止机构的锁止端的形状相配合。
在其他的实施例中，电池包的类型也可以为多个，相对应的，换电设备也可以为多个，每个换电设备对应一种电池包的换电。一个换电设备至少对应一种电池包的换电，为了提高换电设备的兼容性和换电效率，一个换电设备也可以对应多种电池包的换电。
上述停车位置11可以为多个，多个停车位置11可以停放多辆电动汽车，提高换电效率。相对应的，第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4也可以为多个，每个停车位置11配套设置第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4。当然，在第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4设置有第一拆装机构和第二拆装机构，也可以仅使用一个换电设备(第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4)即可完成第一电池包、第二电池包的换电，即每个停车位置11配套一个换电设备。在换电站的空间较为紧张或者换电频率较低的情况下，也可以使用一个换电设备对应多个停车位置11。换电设备、停车位置的数量，根据换电站的实际换电需求设置。
如图1所示，换电站还包括车辆识别装置5，车辆识别装置5用于识别出待换电的电 动汽车的电池包类型和锁止机构类型。
车辆识别装置5还用于在锁止机构类型为第一锁止机构，即停放在停车位置11的电动汽车为第一电动汽车，需更换的电池包为第一电池包时，发送第一换电信号给第一换电设备3，第一换电设备3根据第一换电信号执行电池包更换操作，即更换第一电动汽车的第一电池包。此时，若第二换电设备4也可以兼容更换第一电池包的功能，车辆识别装置5也可以发送第一换电信号给第二换电设备4，第二换电设备4根据第一换电信号执行电池包更换操作，即更换第一电动汽车的第一电池包。
车辆识别装置5还用于在锁止机构类型为第二锁止机构，即停放在停车位置11的电动汽车为第二电动汽车，需更换的电池包为第二电池包时，发送第二换电信号给第二换电设备4，第二换电设备4根据第二换电信号执行电池包更换操作，即更换第二电动汽车的第二电池包。此时，若第一换电设备3也可以兼容更换第二电池包的功能，车辆识别装置5也可以发送第二换电信号给第一换电设备3，第一换电设备3根据第二换电信号执行电池包更换操作，即更换第二电动汽车的第二电池包。
通过设置车辆识别装置5，可以识别驶入停车位置11的电动汽车的电池包类型和锁止机构类型，从而确定后续的换电流程。车辆识别装置5，可以设置于停车平台1的入口处。这样，在电动汽车驶入停车平台1时，可立即识别出电动汽车的电池包类型和锁止机构类型。
不同型号的电动汽车的电池包的拆卸或安装位置的高度是不一样的，在换电过程中，需要根据不同的电动汽车的型号(即电池包类型和锁止机构类型)对电动汽车的高度进行调整。因此，换电站还包括载车平台，停车位置11位于载车平台的上表面，停车位置11的高度位置可通过载车平台的升降移动来实现，具体是通过载车平台的底部设置的升降机构在举升或下降过程中可调整停车位置11的高度。升降机构可根据停放在停车位置11的电动汽车的类型将停车位置11调整至不同的高度，即将电动汽车举升至不同的高度。比如，位于停车位置11上的电动汽车为第一电动汽车时，升降机构将位于停车位置11上的第一电动汽车举升至第一高度，该第一高度可适应第一电池包的换电过程；再比如，位于停车位置11上的电动汽车为第二电动汽车时，升降机构将位于停车位置11上的第二电动汽车举升至第二高度，该第二高度可适应第二电池包的换电过程；其中，换电过程包括电池拆卸和电池安装过程。
在另一实施例中，第一高度可以包括第一子高度、第二子高度、第三子高度以及第四子高度，分别对应于电池拆卸或安装过程中载车平台对应的四个高度位置，该四个高度位置实现对停车位置11的高度位置的调整。具体是：第一子高度为电动汽车驶入载车 平台上的初始高度位置；第二子高度为载车平台举升电动汽车至使空载的换电设备能够进出电动汽车底部的高度位置；第三子高度为载车平台下降电动汽车至使换电设备能够将电池从电动汽车底部拆卸下来或将电池安装到电动汽车底部的高度位置；第四子高度为载车平台举升电动汽车至使载有电池的换电设备进出电动汽车底部的高度位置。同理，第二高度也可以包括四个子高度。
在另一实施例中，第一高度和/或第二高度可以为电动汽车驶入载车平台的初始高度位置，电动汽车即在该初始高度位置进行电池拆卸或安装，在该电池拆卸或安装过程中，通过对应的换电设备的高度位置调整来实现换电设备和电动汽车底部的位置变化。
在其他的实施例中，电动汽车的型号(即电池包类型和锁止机构类型)也可以为多个。相对应地，升降机构也可以根据不同的电动汽车的换电需求调整至对应的高度。
如图1所示，电池仓2内具有放置电池包的电池架，电池仓2面向停车平台1的一面具有一个电池取放口21，电池仓2内设有码垛机8，码垛机8用于将电池仓2内的电池包在电池取放口21和电池架之间移动，第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4从电池取放口21取出或放入电池包。具体而言，在从电动汽车上取出旧的电池包时，第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4将旧的电池包从电池取放口21传递给码垛机8，码垛机8将旧的电池包放置于电池架上；在将新的电池包安装到电动汽车上时，码垛机8将新的电池包从电池架上取下并移动至电池取放口21，第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4从电池取放口21将码垛机8上的新的电池包取出，第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4再移动至停车位置11，将新的电池包安装在电动汽车上。
在停车位置11至电池仓2的电池取放口21之间形成行走路径6，该行走路径6用于供第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4往返于停车位置11与电池取放口21。为了避免第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4在行走路径6上行走过程中发生相互干扰，电池仓2和停车位置11之间还设有避让区域7，避让区域7与行走路径6不重合并相连接，避让区域7用于停放第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4。
避让区域7用于让第一换电设备3和第二换电设备4在行走过程中相互避让。比如，在第一换电设备3移动过程中，第二换电设备4可以移动至避让区域7，使第一换电设备3可以在行走路径6上无障碍行走。而在第二换电设备4移动过程中，第一换电设备3可以移动至避让区域7，使第二换电设备4可以在行走路径6上无障碍行走。在本实施例中，避让区域7为两个，避让区域7设置于行走路径6的一侧。
实施例2
图2所示为本发明换电站的实施例2。实施例2的换电站的大部分的结构与实施例1相同，不同之处在于：两个避让区域7设置于行走路径6的与实施例1相反的一侧。
实施例3
图3所示为本发明换电站的实施例3。实施例3的换电站的大部分结构与实施例1相同，不同之处在于：两个避让区域7分别设置于行走路径6的两侧，且两个避让区域7相互错开，即两个避让区域7与行走路径6的交叉点在行走路径6的两个位置。
实施例4
图4所示为本发明换电站的实施例4。实施例4的换电站的大部分结构与实施例1相同，不同之处在于：两个避让区域7分别设置于行走路径6的两侧，且两个避让区域7相对齐，即两个避让区域7与行走路径6的交叉点汇聚在行走路径6的一个位置。
实施例5
图5所示为本发明换电站的实施例5。实施例5的换电站的大部分结构与实施例1相同，不同之处在于：行走路径6穿过停车位置11至停车位置11远离电池仓2的一侧，即第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4能从电动汽车的底部穿过，移动至停车位置11远离电池仓2的一侧。而两个避让区域7分别为第一避让区域71、第二避让区域72，第一避让区域71位于电池仓2和停车位置11之间且设置于行走路径6的一侧；而第二避让区域72位于停车位置11远离电池仓2的一侧且设置于行走路径6的端部。
上述实施例1至5所述的避让区域7的位置，可根据换电站的换电过程中第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4的移动路径进行选择。避让区域7的合理设计，可以达到简化换电流程，节省换电时间的效果。
实施例6
图6所示为本发明换电站的实施例6。实施例6的换电站的大部分结构与实施例1相同，不同之处在于：电池仓2具有两个电池取放口21，两个电池取放口21分别为第一取放口211、第二取放口212；行走路径6也为两条，两条行走路径6分别为第一行走路径61、第二行走路径62，第一行走路径61连接停车位置11和第一取放口211，第二行走路径62连接停车位置11和第二取放口212，第一换电设备3在第一行走路径61上行走，第二换电设备4在第二行走路径62上行走。由于第一行走路径61、第二行走路径62相 互之间不重合，第一行走路径61相对于第二换电设备4即为避让区域，第二行走路径62相对于第一换电设备3即为避让区域。
通过设置两个电池取放口21，使第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4的移动相对独立，使第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4不用相互避让，提高了换电效率。
实施例7
图7所示为本发明换电站的实施例7。实施例7的换电站的停车平台的结构、电池仓的结构与实施例1相同，不同之处在于：
电池仓2的数量有两个，两个电池仓2分别为第一电池仓22和第二电池仓23，第一电池仓22和第二电池仓23分布于停车位置11的两侧，第一电池仓22用于放置第一电池包，第二电池仓23用于放置第二电池包，第一换电设备3往返于第一电池仓22与停车位置11从而对第一电动汽车进行电池包更换，第二换电设备4往返于第二电池仓23与停车位置11从而对第二电动汽车进行电池包更换。
第一电池仓22和第二电池仓23分别具有一个电池取放口21，两个电池取放口21分别为第三取放口213、第四取放口214，即第一电池仓22具有第三取放口213，第二电池仓23具有第四取放口214，第一换电设备3通过第三取放口213交换电池包，第二换电设备4通过第四取放口214交换电池包。
相对应的，行走路径6也为两条，两条行走路径6分别为第三行走路径63、第四行走路径64。第三行走路径63从第三取放口213延伸至停车位置11；第一换电设备3在第三行走路径63上行走，往返于第一电池仓22的第三取放口213与停车位置11。第四行走路径64从第四取放口214延伸至停车位置11；第二换电设备4在第四行走路径64上行走，往返于第二电池仓23的第四取放口214与停车位置11。
由于第一电池仓22和第二电池仓23分布于停车位置11的两侧，第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4在换电过程中相互不会发生干扰，不需要设置避让区域，提高了换电效率，简化了换电流程。
实施例8
图8所示为本发明换电站的实施例8。实施例8的换电站的大部分结构与实施例7相同，不同之处在于：
停车位置11的数量为两个，两个停车位置11分别为第一停车位置111、第二停车位置112。第三行走路径63从第三取放口213延伸至第一停车位置111；第一换电设备3 在第三行走路径63上行走，往返于第一电池仓22的第三取放口213与第一停车位置111。第四行走路径64从第四取放口214延伸至第二停车位置112；第二换电设备4在第四行走路径64上行走，往返于第二电池仓23的第四取放口214与第二停车位置112。
当驶入停车平台1的电动汽车为第一电动汽车时，第一电动汽车停放在第一停车位置111，使用第一换电设备3进行换电；当驶入停车平台1的电动汽车为第二电动汽车时，第二电动汽车停放在第二停车位置112，使用第二换电设备4进行换电。
通过为第一电动汽车、第二电动汽车设计对应的第一停车位置111、第二停车位置112，使停车位置可以针对不同的电动汽车的换电需求进行个性化设计，比如停车位置的高度、面积等。
例如，在另一实施例中，第一停车位置111和第二停车位置112可以并列设置，即不同于图8中所示的在载车平台上前后设置的方式，而是左右并列设置在第一电池仓22和第二电池仓23之间。对应地，第一换电设备3和第二换电设备4可以分别往返于第一电池仓22的第三取放口213与第一停车位置111和第二电池仓23的第四取放口214与第二停车位置112，除此之外，第一换电设备3和第二换电设备4还可以行走于同一条行走路径，该行走路径由第一电池仓22的第三取放口213依次延伸至第一停车位置111、第二停车位置112以及第二电池仓22的第四取放口214，该行走路径上可以设置第一换电设备3和/或第二换电设备4的避让区域，以保证另一个换电设备可正常行走。
在其他的实施例中，停车位置11的数量可以为两个以上，以适应多种类型的电动汽车的电池包的换电需求。
在其他的实施例中，换电设备也不一定与停车位置一一对应，一个停车位置也可以对应多个换电设备，多个换电设备也可以对应一个停车位置。换电设备、停车位置的数量，均可根据实际的换电需求进行调整。
实施例9
图9所示为本发明换电站的实施例9。实施例9的换电站的大部分结构与实施例8相同，不同之处在于：
第三行走路径63从第三取放口213穿过第一停车位置111延伸至第四取放口214，第四行走路径64从第四取放口214穿过第二停车位置112延伸至第三取放口213，第三行走路径63、第四行走路径64首尾相连形成一环形路线。而第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4可以在环形路线上行走，均能到达第三取放口213、第一停车位置111、第四取放口214、第二停车位置112，使第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4可以兼容第一电池包、 第二电池包的换电，提高了换电效率。
实施例10
图10所示为本发明的实施例10，提供了一种换电站的换电方法，该换电方法包括以下步骤：
S1、获取驶入停车位置11的电动汽车的类型以及电池包的锁止机构类型；
S2、控制与锁止机构类型相匹配的第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4将电动汽车的亏电的电池包拆卸。
在步骤S2中，若电动汽车为第一电动汽车，控制第一换电设备3将第一电动汽车的亏电的第一电池包拆卸；若电动汽车为第二电动汽车，控制第二换电设备4将第二电动汽车的亏电的第二电池包拆卸。
在第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4可以兼容第一电池包、第二电池包的拆卸工作的情况下，若电动汽车为第一电动汽车，也可以控制第二换电设备4将第一电动汽车的亏电的第一电池包拆卸；若电动汽车为第二电动汽车，也可以控制第一换电设备3将第二电动汽车的亏电的第二电池包拆卸。
通过上述换电站的换电方法，可实现电动汽车的旧的电池包的拆卸。而第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4可以兼容第一电池包、第二电池包的拆卸工作，可进一步提高换电效率，换电流程的灵活性也得到提高。
实施例11
图11所示为本发明的实施例11，提供了一种换电站的换电方法，该换电方法包括以下步骤：
S1、获取驶入停车位置11的电动汽车的类型以及电池包的锁止机构类型；
S2、控制与锁止机构类型相匹配的第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4将电动汽车的亏电的电池包拆卸；
S3、控制第一换电设备3或第二换电设备4将满电的电池包安装到电动汽车上。
若电动汽车为第一电动汽车，在步骤S2中，控制第一换电设备3将第一电动汽车的亏电的第一电池包拆卸，在步骤S3中，控制第一换电设备3将满电的第一电池包安装到第一电动汽车上。
若电动汽车为第二电动汽车，在步骤S2中，控制第二换电设备4将第二电动汽车的亏电的第二电池包拆卸，在步骤S3中，控制第二换电设备4将满电的第二电池包安装到 第二电动汽车上。
在第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4可以兼容第一电池包、第二电池包的拆卸、安装工作的情况下，在步骤S2中，若电动汽车为第一电动汽车，也可以控制第二换电设备4将第一电动汽车的亏电的第一电池包拆卸；若电动汽车为第二电动汽车，也可以控制第一换电设备3将第二电动汽车的亏电的第二电池包拆卸。而在步骤S3中，若电动汽车为第一电动汽车，也可以控制第二换电设备4将满电的第一电池包安装到第一电动汽车上；若电动汽车为第二电动汽车，也可以控制第一换电设备3将第二电动汽车的亏电的第二电池包拆卸。
通过上述换电站的换电方法，可实现电动汽车的电池包的换电。而第一换电设备3、第二换电设备4可以兼容第一电池包、第二电池包的拆卸、安装工作，可进一步提高换电效率，换电流程的灵活性也得到提高。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种换电站，所述换电站用于给电动汽车更换电池包，其特征在于，所述换电站包括：
    至少一个停车位置；
    电池仓，至少存储有用于第一电动汽车的第一电池包和用于第二电动汽车的第二电池包，所述第一电池包通过第一锁止机构安装于所述第一电动汽车上，所述第二电池包通过第二锁止机构安装于所述第二电动汽车上；
    第一换电设备和第二换电设备，所述第一换电设备和第二换电设备用于往返于所述停车位置与所述电池仓从而对所述第一电动汽车或第二电动汽车进行电池包更换，其中，所述第一换电设备用于对所述第一锁止机构进行加解锁，所述第二换电设备用于对所述第二锁止机构进行加解锁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一锁止机构为非旋转式锁止机构，所述第二锁止机构为旋转式锁止机构；
    所述第一换电设备用于对所述第一锁止机构进行加解锁，所述第二换电设备用于对所述第二锁止机构进行加解锁。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括车辆识别装置，所述车辆识别装置用于识别出待换电的电动汽车的电池包类型和锁止机构类型，
    所述车辆识别装置还用于在所述锁止机构类型为所述第一锁止机构时发送第一换电信号给所述第一换电设备，并且在所述锁止机构类型为所述第二锁止机构时发送第二换电信号给所述第二换电设备；
    所述第一换电设备和所述第二换电设备分别根据所述第一换电信号和所述第二换电信号执行电池包更换操作。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括载车平台，所述载车平台用于将位于所述停车位置上的所述第一电动汽车举升或下降至第一高度；所述载车平台还用于将位于所述停车位置上的所述第二电动汽车举升或下降至第二高度。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述电池仓位于所述停车位置的一侧，所述换电站设有避让区域，所述避让区域位于所述电池仓和所述停车位置之间或在所述停车位置相对于电池仓的另一侧，所述避让区域用于让所述第一换电设备和所述第二换电设备在行走过程中相互避让。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述电池仓具有一个电池取放口，所述避让区域设置在往返于所述停车位置与所述电池取放口之间的行走路径的任意一侧。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述电池仓具有一个电池取放口，所述避让区域设置在往返于所述停车位置与所述电池取放口之间的行走路径的两侧。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述避让区域的数量为两个，所述两个避让区域分别设置于所述行走路径的两侧，且所述两个避让区域相对齐设置。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述电池仓具有两个电池取放口，其中一个电池取放口的避让区域为另一个所述电池取放口与所述停车位置之间的行走路径。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述避让区域的数量为两个，两个所述避让区域分别为第一避让区域和第二避让区域，所述第一避让区域位于所述停车位置与所述电池仓之间，所述第二避让区域位于所述停车位置远离所述电池仓的一侧。
  11. 如权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述电池仓分布于所述停车位置的两侧，分别为第一电池仓和第二电池仓，所述第一电池仓用于放置所述第一电池包，所述第二电池仓用于放置所述第二电池包，所述第一换电设备往返于所述第一电池仓与所述停车位置从而对所述第一电动汽车进行电池包更换，所述第二换电设备往返于所述第二电池仓与所述停车位置从而对所述第二电动汽车进行电池包更换。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一电池仓和所述第二电池仓分别具有一个电池取放口，所述第一换电设备和所述第二换电设备分别通过对应的所述电池取放口交换电池包。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述停车位置的数量为两个，两个所述停车位置分别为第一停车位置和第二停车位置，所述第一停车位置用于停放所述第一电动汽车，所述第二停车位置用于停放所述第二电动汽车。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站包括环形行走通道，所述环形行走通道用于供所述第一换电设备、第二换电设备行走，所述环形行走通道经过所述第一电池仓、第一停车位置、第二电池仓和第二停车位置。
  15. 如权利要求1至14中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于：所述第一换电设备还用于对所述第二锁止机构进行加解锁，所述第二换电设备还用于对所述第一锁止机构进行加解锁。
  16. 如权利要求1至14中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述停车位置的数量为多个，和/或所述第一换电设备、第二换电设备的数量也为多个。
  17. 如权利要求1至16中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电设备还 用于往返于所述停车位置与所述电池仓从而更换所述第二电动汽车的第二电池包；
    和/或，所述第二换电设备还用于往返于所述停车位置与所述电池仓从而更换所述第一电动汽车的第一电池包。
  18. 一种换电方法，所述
    换电方法所使用的换电站如权利要求1至17中至少一项所述，其特征在于，所述换电方法包括以下步骤：
    获取驶入停车位置的电动汽车的类型以及电池包的锁止机构类型；
    控制与所述锁止机构类型相匹配的所述第一换电设备或所述第二换电设备将所述电动汽车的亏电的电池包拆卸。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的换电方法，其特征在于，所述换电方法还包括以下步骤：
    控制所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备将满电的电池包安装到所述电动汽车上。
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