WO2021230034A1 - トンネル掘削装置 - Google Patents
トンネル掘削装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021230034A1 WO2021230034A1 PCT/JP2021/016324 JP2021016324W WO2021230034A1 WO 2021230034 A1 WO2021230034 A1 WO 2021230034A1 JP 2021016324 W JP2021016324 W JP 2021016324W WO 2021230034 A1 WO2021230034 A1 WO 2021230034A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- boom
- gantry
- deck
- work deck
- tunnel
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
- E21D9/112—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/40—Devices or apparatus specially adapted for handling or placing units of linings or supporting units for tunnels or galleries
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a tunnel excavator used when excavating a tunnel.
- the main body of the tunnel excavator has a cylindrical front body and rear body.
- the front fuselage has a rotatable cutter head on the front side. Multiple disc cutters are mounted on the front of the cutter head.
- the rear fuselage is equipped with a gripper shoe that presses against the pit wall to obtain a reaction force for digging.
- the front torso and the rear torso are connected by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders. The selective extension of the cylinder allows the front torso to bend relative to the rear torso.
- the rear body is fixed to the tunnel with the gripper shoe, the hydraulic cylinder is extended, and the cutter head is pressed against the face (excavated surface) to rotate. This allows the disc cutter to crush the rocks on the face and excavate.
- Elekta is a device for building a support on a pit wall.
- a support is an arched or annular steel material for supporting the inner wall of a tunnel.
- a pedestal provided with a work table is arranged so as to be connected to the rear fuselage.
- a work table is provided behind the rear fuselage.
- the workbench is a scaffold for workers to perform part of the lining work after installing the support.
- the workbench shown in Patent Document 1 is provided on the gantry so as to be movable in the front-rear direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction of the tunnel.
- the support is assembled accurately along the radial direction of the tunnel for strength reasons, and the lining is done between the support.
- the tunnel excavator includes a main body, a gantry, and a workbench.
- the main body has a front torso and a rear torso.
- the front fuselage has a cutter head provided with a plurality of cutters.
- the rear fuselage includes a gripper portion for obtaining a reaction force during excavation, and is arranged behind the front fuselage portion.
- the gantry is arranged behind the main body so as to be connected to the main body.
- the workbench is rotatably arranged above the gantry with respect to the gantry. (The invention's effect)
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line between CC'in FIG. A side view showing a state in which the arm of FIG. 4 is extended.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line between DD'in FIG. The figure which shows the rotation of the work deck and the boom of the work table of FIG.
- the tunnel excavator of the embodiment according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment is a so-called open type TBM among TBMs (tunnel boring machines).
- the tunnel excavation device of the present embodiment can be used for tunnel construction by excavating hard rock.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the tunnel excavation device 1 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the tunnel excavation device 1 of the present embodiment.
- the tunnel excavation device 1 of the present embodiment excavates by rotating the cutter head 21 while being supported by the gripper portion 90 on the inner wall of the tunnel.
- the tunnel excavator 1 of the present embodiment has a main body 10, a gantry 15, a workbench 16, a belt conveyor 17, and a rear support 18.
- the main body 10 has a front body portion 11, a rear body portion 12, a connection portion 13, a main beam 14, and an elector 19 (see FIG. 2).
- the front body portion 11 has a cutter head 21 at the front end, and excavates rock.
- the rear body portion 12 is arranged on the rear side of the front body portion 11 and can be supported on the inner wall of the tunnel by the gripper portion 90.
- the front-back direction is indicated by A
- the front direction is indicated by arrow A1
- the rear direction is indicated by arrow A2.
- the arrow A indicates the front-rear direction in a state where the front body portion 11 is not bent with respect to the rear body portion 12 and is arranged in a straight line.
- the arrow B shown in the figure indicates the width direction, and is a direction perpendicular to and horizontal to the front-back direction A.
- the width directions B the left side direction facing the front direction A1 is indicated by B1, and the right side direction facing the front direction A1 is indicated by B2.
- the connecting portion 13 flexibly connects the front body portion 11 to the rear body portion 12.
- the connecting portion 13 has a plurality of thrust cylinders 13a, one end of each thrust cylinder 13a is rotatably connected to the front body portion 11, and the other end is rotatably connected to the rear body portion 12. ing.
- the main beam 14 is connected to the front body portion 11 by a rotatable connecting member 11a, and supports the rear body portion 12 so as to be slidable back and forth along the A direction. ..
- the main beam 14 extends rearward through the rear fuselage 12.
- the gantry 15 is rotatably attached to the rear end of the main beam 14.
- the workbench 16 is provided for attaching a wire mesh to the inner wall of the tunnel after excavation, and is arranged on the upper side of the gantry 15.
- the outer shape of the main beam 14 inside the rear body portion 12 is shown by a dotted line.
- the belt conveyor 17 is provided from the front body portion 11 to the lower side of the gantry 15 through the rear body portion 12, and transports rocks, earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 21 to the rear.
- the rear support 18 (see FIG. 1) is provided on the main beam 14 and supports the main beam 14 when the rear fuselage portion 12 is advanced. As shown in FIG. 2, the erector 19 is arranged at the rear of the front fuselage portion 11 and assembles a support.
- the front fuselage portion 11 includes a cutter head 21, a cutter head support 22 (see FIG. 2), a vertical support 23, and a pair of side supports 24 (only the left side surface side is shown in FIG. 1). , And a roof support 26.
- the rear portion of the side support 24 on the left side surface side, the rear portion on the left side surface side of the roof support 26, and the left side surface side of the vertical support are omitted in order to show the cutter head support 22 and the elector 19.
- the cutter head 21 is provided at the front end of the front body portion 11 and is rotatably provided with respect to the cutter head support 22. As shown in FIG. 1, the cutter head 21 has a plurality of disc cutters 83 provided on the surface on the excavation side. The rock excavated by the disc cutter 83 is taken into the inside of the cutter head 21 by the bucket 84.
- the cutter head support 22 is arranged on the rear side of the cutter head 21.
- the cutter head support 22 rotatably supports the cutter head 21.
- the vertical support 23, the pair of side supports 24 and the roof support 26 are attached to the cutter head support 22 and are arranged so as to surround the cutter head support 22.
- the vertical support 23, the pair of side supports 24 and the roof support 26 support the cutter head support 22 against the tunnel barrier for stabilization during excavation, and the cutter head support 22 collapses from the pit wall. It is provided to protect from such things.
- the vertical support 23 is arranged below the cutter head support 22.
- the pair of side supports 24 are arranged on both sides of the cutter head support 22 in the width direction.
- the roof support 26 is arranged above the cutter head support 22.
- the vertical support 23, the pair of side supports 24, and the roof support 26 are configured to be movable in a direction toward or away from the cutter head support 22. That is, the vertical support 23 and the roof support 26 can move up and down with respect to the cutter head support 22.
- the pair of side supports 24 can move outward or inward in the width direction B with respect to the cutter head support 22.
- the rear body portion 12 has a gripper portion 90 and a gripper carrier 91.
- the gripper portion 90 projects outward from the gripper carrier 91 and presses the inner wall of the tunnel during excavation to support the rear body portion 12 on the inner wall of the tunnel.
- the gripper portion 90 has a pair of side grippers 92 (shown only on the left side surface side), a lower gripper 93, and an upper gripper 94.
- the side gripper 92 is provided on the left portion and the right portion of the gripper carrier 91.
- the side gripper 92 is moved to the outside or inside in the width direction B by a hydraulic cylinder provided in the gripper carrier 91.
- the lower gripper 93 is provided in the lower portion of the gripper carrier 91.
- the lower gripper 93 moves in the vertical direction due to expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder provided in the gripper carrier 91.
- the upper gripper 94 is provided on the upper portion of the gripper carrier 91.
- the upper gripper 94 moves in the vertical direction due to expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder provided in the gripper carrier 91.
- the workbench 16 is arranged above the gantry 15.
- the workbench 16 is a platform on which workers work to attach wire mesh between the supports assembled on the tunnel wall by the erecta 19.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vicinity of the workbench 16 as viewed from above.
- FIG. 3 shows the main beam 14, the gantry 15, and the workbench 16.
- the connecting portion 14a provided at the rear end of the main beam 14 extending in the front-rear direction is rotatably connected to the connecting portion 15a provided at the front end of the gantry 15.
- a hole is formed in the connecting portion 14a in the vertical direction, and a hole is formed in the connecting portion 15a in the vertical direction.
- the connecting member 81 is inserted into the holes of both the connecting portion 14a and the connecting portion 15a. For example, with such a configuration, the main beam 14 and the gantry 15 can rotate around the connecting member 81.
- the gantry 15 is connected to the main beam 14 and is provided along the front-rear direction.
- the workbench 16 is arranged above the gantry 15.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing the work table 16 and the frame 15.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line between CCs of FIG.
- the work table 16 has a work deck 31, a boom 32, a roof 33, a boom rotation mechanism 34, a work deck rotation mechanism 35, and an expansion / contraction portion 36.
- the work deck 31 is supported on the upper side of the gantry 15 by the boom 32.
- the work deck 31 has a plate shape and is arranged substantially parallel to the upper surface 15s of the gantry 15.
- the work deck 31 has a deck front part 311 and a deck rear part 312.
- the deck front portion 311 is arranged on the front side of the boom 32. As shown in FIG. 5, the deck front portion 311 is rotatably connected to the boom 32 via the second connecting portion 60.
- the deck front portion 311 is substantially rectangular in top view, and its long side is arranged along the width direction B.
- the width of the deck front portion 311 projects in the left-right direction from the width of the gantry 15. When the left and right ends of the front deck 311 are closer to the tunnel wall, it is easier for the operator to attach the wire mesh.
- the work of attaching the wire mesh is performed at the front part 311 of the deck.
- the deck rear part 312 is located behind the deck front part 311 and is connected to the deck front part 311.
- the deck rear part 312 is arranged above the boom 32 as shown in FIG.
- a ladder 39 for an operator to move up and down is arranged at the rear portion 312 of the deck.
- the boom 32 is connected to the gantry 15 and the work deck 31. As shown in FIG. 4, the boom 32 is located above the gantry 15 and substantially parallel to the upper surface 15s of the gantry 15. The boom 32 is attached to the gantry 15 via the first connecting portion 50. The boom 32 extends forward from a position attached to the gantry 15.
- the boom 32 has a telescopic structure and is configured to be expandable and contractible.
- FIG. 6 is a side view of the workbench 16 and the gantry 15 showing a state in which the boom 32 is extended.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line between DDs of FIG.
- the boom 32 has a first boom member 41, a second boom member 42, and a third boom member 43.
- the first boom member 41 has a box shape with an open front surface, and the rear end surface 41a (an example of the first end) of the first boom member 41 has a boom-side connecting portion described later as shown in FIG. 52 is provided.
- the second boom member 42 is arranged inside the first boom member 41 in the width direction B.
- the second boom member 42 has a box shape with an open front surface.
- the second boom member 42 is provided so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction with respect to the first boom member 41.
- the third boom member 43 is arranged inside the second boom member 42 in the width direction B.
- the third boom member 43 has a box shape with an open rear surface.
- the third boom member 43 is provided so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction with respect to the second boom member 42.
- a boom-side connecting portion 61 which will be described later, is provided on the front end surface 43a (an example of the second end) of the third boom member 43.
- the configuration in which the second boom member 42 is slidable with respect to the first boom member 41 is not particularly limited, and the configuration in which the third boom member 43 is slidable with respect to the second boom member 42 is not particularly limited.
- the guide is not particularly limited, and for example, a linear guide or the like can be used. Taking the configuration on the side of the second boom member 42 and the first boom member 41 as an example, as a linear guide, a rail is arranged inside the side surface of the first boom member 41 and outside the side surface of the second boom member 42. The block is placed in the rail and the block is fitted to the rail. The same applies to the configurations on the sides of the second boom member 42 and the third boom member 43.
- the boom 32 can be expanded and contracted.
- the boom 32 is expanded and contracted by the expansion and contraction portion 36 described later.
- the roof 33 is arranged above the deck front portion 311.
- the roof 33 is convexly curved upward along the width direction B.
- the roof 33 has a grid pattern, and an operator can work from between the grid patterns.
- On the upper surface of the roof 33 a wire mesh to be attached to the tunnel wall is deployed.
- the roof 33 is also provided to protect the worker from the collapsed rock.
- a roof 38 is also provided above the rear portion 312 of the deck.
- the boom rotation mechanism 34 has a first connecting portion 50 (an example of a first connecting portion) and a pair of swing cylinders 53 and 54 (an example of a first actuator). There is.
- the first connecting portion 50 connects the boom 32 and the gantry 15.
- the first connecting portion 50 has a gantry-side connecting portion 51 and a boom-side connecting portion 52.
- the gantry-side connecting portion 51 rotatably connects the boom 32 to the gantry 15.
- the gantry-side connecting portion 51 includes a shaft member 55 and a connecting member 56.
- the shaft member 55 is cylindrical and is provided above the upper surface 15s of the gantry 15 in the vertical direction.
- the shaft member 55 is fixed to the gantry-side connecting portion 51.
- the connecting member 56 is fixed to the gantry-side connecting portion 51.
- the connecting member 56 is a member extending from the shaft member 55 toward both sides in the width direction B.
- the boom side connecting portion 52 is provided on the rear end surface 41a of the first boom member 41.
- the boom-side connecting portion 52 is provided with, for example, a hole in the vertical direction, and the shaft member 55 is inserted into the hole. With this configuration, the boom 32 can rotate about the shaft member 55 with respect to the gantry 15.
- the pair of swing cylinders 53 and 54 are attached between the boom 32 and the connecting member 56.
- the swing cylinders 53 and 54 for example, a hydraulic cylinder can be used.
- the swing cylinder 53 has an end 53a on the rod side rotatably attached to a mounting portion 41b provided on the left side surface of the first boom member 41.
- the cylinder-side end 53b of the swing cylinder 53 is rotatably attached to the left end 56a of the connecting member 56.
- the other swing cylinder 54 has an end 54a on the rod side rotatably attached to a mounting portion 41c provided on the right side surface of the first boom member 41.
- the cylinder-side end 54b of the swing cylinder 54 is rotatably attached to the right end 56b of the connecting member 56.
- the boom 32 can be rotated with respect to the gantry 15 by expanding and contracting the swing cylinders 53 and 54.
- the boom 32 can be rotated to the left side (L1 direction) by contracting the swing cylinder 53 and extending the swing cylinder 54, and the work deck 31 attached to the tip of the boom 32 is turned to the left. Can be moved.
- the boom 32 can be rotated to the right side (R1 direction), and the work deck 31 can be rotated to the right side. In this way, the work deck 31 can rotate left and right with the length of the boom 32 as the turning radius.
- the work deck rotation mechanism 35 has a second connecting portion 60 and a pair of rotating cylinders 63 and 64 (an example of a second actuator).
- the second connecting portion 60 connects the boom 32 and the work deck 31.
- the second connecting portion 60 has a boom-side connecting portion 61 and a deck-side connecting portion 62.
- the boom side connecting portion 61 has a shaft member 65 and a connecting member 66.
- the connecting member 66 is fixed to the front side of the front end surface 43a of the third boom member 43.
- the connecting member 66 is formed so as to extend from the third boom member 43 on both sides in the width direction B.
- the shaft member 65 has a cylindrical shape and is arranged along the vertical direction at the center of the connecting member 66 in the width direction B.
- the deck side connecting portion 62 is fixed to the rear end of the deck front portion 311.
- the deck-side connecting portion 62 is arranged below the deck rear portion 312.
- the deck side connecting portion 62 is provided with a hole along the vertical direction, and the shaft member 65 is inserted into this hole.
- the work deck 31 is rotatable with respect to the boom 32 around the shaft member 65.
- the pair of rotating cylinders 63 and 64 are attached between the connecting member 66 and the work deck 31.
- a hydraulic cylinder can be used as the rotating cylinders 63 and 64.
- the rod-side end 63a of one of the rotating cylinders 63 is rotatably attached to the left end 66a of the connecting member 66.
- the cylinder-side end 63b of the rotating cylinder 63 is rotatably attached to the mounting portion 31a of the deck front portion 311.
- the mounting portion 31a is provided on the left side of the center in the width direction B of the deck front portion 311.
- the rod-side end 64a of the other rotating cylinder 64 is rotatably attached to the right end 66b of the connecting member 66. Further, the cylinder-side end 64b of the rotating cylinder 64 is rotatably attached to the mounting portion 31b of the deck front portion 311.
- the mounting portion 31b is provided on the right side of the center in the width direction B of the deck front portion 311.
- the work deck 31 can be rotated with respect to the boom 32 by expanding and contracting the rotating cylinders 63 and 64.
- the work deck 31 can be rotated to the left side (L2 direction) by contracting the rotating cylinder 63 and extending the rotating cylinder 64.
- the work deck 31 can be rotated to the right side (R2 direction) by contracting the swing cylinder 54 and extending the swing cylinder 53.
- the work deck 31 can rotate with respect to the boom 32 with a turning radius centered on the shaft member 65.
- the telescopic portion 36 (an example of a moving portion) includes a first sliding cylinder 71 (an example of a third actuator) and a second sliding cylinder 72 (an example of a third actuator). doing.
- the first sliding cylinder 71 expands and contracts the first boom member 41 and the second boom member 42.
- the second sliding cylinder 72 expands and contracts the second boom member 42 and the third boom member 43.
- a hydraulic cylinder can be used as the first sliding cylinder 71 and the second sliding cylinder 72.
- the first sliding cylinder 71 is arranged on the left side in the width direction B of the boom 32. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the rod-side end 71a of the first sliding cylinder 71 is connected to a mounting portion 42a provided near the tip of the left side surface of the second boom member 42. The cylinder-side end 71b of the first sliding cylinder 71 is connected to a mounting portion 41d provided near the rear end of the left side surface of the first boom member 41.
- the second sliding cylinder 72 is arranged inside the second boom member 42 and the third boom member 43.
- the rod-side end 72a of the second sliding cylinder 72 is attached to the rear end surface 42b of the second boom member 42.
- the cylinder-side end 72b of the second sliding cylinder 72 is attached to the front end surface 43a of the third boom member 43.
- the boom 32 can be extended by extending the 43 to move the work deck 31 to the front A1 (see arrow T in FIG. 7).
- the shaft member 65 which is the rotation axis of the work deck 31 with respect to the boom 32, moves as the boom 32 expands and contracts, and the range of movement is the main beam 14 and the gantry 15 in the front-rear direction A as shown in FIG. It is set to include the connecting portions 14a and 15a of the above. That is, in the state where the boom 32 is most extended, the shaft member 65 is located in front of the connecting portions 14a and 15a, and in the state where the boom 32 is most contracted, the shaft member 65 is located behind the connecting portions 14a and 15a. Located on the side.
- the boom 32 that supports the work deck 31 can rotate left and right with respect to the gantry 15 about the shaft member 55.
- the work deck 31 can rotate left and right about a shaft member 65 arranged at the tip of the boom 32. Further, since the boom 32 is expandable and contractible, the work deck 31 can move along the longitudinal direction of the boom 32.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the movement of the work deck 31.
- FIG. 8 shows a state in which the boom 32 is extended from the state of the work deck 31 shown by the solid line.
- the outer shape of the deck front portion 311 and the roof 33 of the work deck 31 in the extended state of the boom 32 is shown by a two-dot chain line.
- the rotation angle range of the work deck 31 with respect to the boom 32 is indicated by ⁇ 2
- the rotation angle range of the boom 32 with respect to the gantry 15 is indicated by ⁇ 1.
- the center position P of the deck front portion 311 has a turning radius from the shaft member 65 to the center position P. It rotates as R2.
- the deck front portion 311 can be rotated together with the boom 32 with the rotation radius R1 from the shaft member 55 to the center position P.
- the turning radius R1 is variable depending on the expansion and contraction of the boom 32.
- the work deck 31 is rotatable with respect to the boom 32, is rotatable together with the boom 32, and is movable along the boom 32. It is configured.
- the work deck 31 can follow the curve, so that the lining work can be easily performed.
- the tunnel excavation device 1 includes a main body 10, a gantry 15, and a workbench 16.
- the main body 10 has a front body portion 11 and a rear body portion 12.
- the front body portion 11 has a cutter head 21 provided with a plurality of disc cutters 83 (an example of a cutter).
- the rear body portion 12 includes a gripper portion 90 for obtaining a reaction force when excavating, and is arranged behind the front body portion 11.
- the gantry 15 is arranged behind the main body 10 so as to be connected to the main body 10.
- the workbench 16 is rotatably arranged above the gantry 15 with respect to the gantry 15.
- the lining work includes the work of attaching a wire mesh to the tunnel wall of the support room.
- the workbench 16 has a work deck 31 and a boom 32.
- the boom 32 supports the work deck 31 on the gantry 15.
- the boom 32 can support the work deck 31 on the upper side of the gantry 15.
- the boom 32 is rotatably supported by the gantry 15.
- the work deck 31 is supported by the boom 32.
- the work deck 31 and the gantry 15 can be connected by the boom 32.
- the work deck 31 is rotatably supported by the boom 32.
- the work deck 31 can be rotated with respect to the boom 32, and the work deck 31 can be easily aligned with the tunnel wall.
- the tunnel excavation device 1 includes swing cylinders 53 and 54 (an example of a first actuator).
- the swing cylinders 53 and 54 rotate the boom 32 with respect to the gantry 15.
- the boom 32 can be rotated with respect to the gantry 15 by driving the swing cylinders 53 and 54.
- the tunnel excavation device 1 includes rotating cylinders 63 and 64 (an example of a second actuator).
- the rotation cylinders 63 and 64 rotate the work deck 31 with respect to the boom 32.
- the work deck 31 can be rotated with respect to the boom 32 by driving the rotating cylinders 63 and 64.
- the work deck 31 is rotatable with respect to the gantry 15 with at least two different turning radii.
- the workbench 16 can be arranged along the tunnel wall according to the curvature of the tunnel, which facilitates the lining work.
- the boom 32 has a rear end surface 41a (an example of a first end) and a front end surface 43a (an example of a second end).
- the rear end surface 41a of the boom 32 is rotatably supported by the gantry 15 via the first connecting portion 50.
- the work deck 31 is rotatably supported on the front end surface 43a of the boom 32 via the second connecting portion 60.
- the work deck 31 can rotate around the shaft member 55 (an example of the first rotation shaft) provided in the first connecting portion 50 together with the boom 32 with a first turning radius R1.
- the work deck 31 is rotatable about a shaft member 65 (an example of a second rotation shaft) provided in the second connecting portion 60 with a second turning radius R2.
- the work deck 31 can be rotated with two different turning radii, and it becomes easy to match the posture of the work deck 31 with the curvature of the tunnel.
- the workbench 16 has a telescopic portion 36 (an example of a moving portion) capable of moving the work deck 31 in the front-rear direction.
- the front-back position can be adjusted between the supports.
- the telescopic portion 36 has a first sliding cylinder 71 and a second sliding cylinder 72 (an example of a third actuator) for expanding and contracting the boom 32 in the longitudinal direction.
- the front-back position of the work deck can be adjusted by expanding and contracting the boom.
- the telescopic portion 36 having the first sliding cylinder 71 and the second sliding cylinder 72 is used, but the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and for example, a motor and a ball screw.
- the boom 32 may be expanded and contracted as long as it can be expanded and contracted.
- the boom 32 has three members, that is, a first boom member 41, a second boom member 42, and a third boom member 43, but the number is not limited to three.
- the rotating cylinders 63 and 64 are used in the work deck rotation mechanism 35, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be configured by a gear or the like, as long as the work deck 31 can be rotated with respect to the boom 32. good.
- the work deck 31 has a deck front portion 311 and a deck rear portion 312, but the deck rear portion 312 may not be provided.
- the tunnel excavator of the present disclosure has the effect of being able to construct a tunnel having a smaller radius of curvature than the conventional one, and therefore can be applied to a wider range of tunnel construction.
- Tunnel excavator 10 Main body 11: Front body 12: Rear body 15: Stand 16: Work table 21: Cutter head 83: Disc cutter (an example of cutter) 90: Gripper part
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- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(課題を解決するための手段)
(発明の効果)
本実施の形態のトンネル掘削装置は、TBM(トンネルボーリングマシン)のうち、いわゆるオープンタイプTBMと呼ばれるものである。本実施の形態のトンネル掘削装置は、堅岩掘削によるトンネル施工に用いることができる。
図1は、本実施の形態のトンネル掘削装置1を示す斜視図である。図2は、本実施の形態のトンネル掘削装置1の側面図である。
前胴部11は、図1に示すように、カッタヘッド21と、カッタヘッドサポート22(図2参照)と、バーチカルサポート23と、一対のサイドサポート24(図1では、左側面側のみ示す)と、ルーフサポート26と、を有する。なお、図2では、カッタヘッドサポート22およびエレクタ19等を示すために、左側面側のサイドサポート24の後部と、ルーフサポート26の左側面側の後部およびバーチカルサポートの左側面側が省略されている。
後胴部12は、図1に示すように、グリッパ部90とグリッパキャリア91とを有している。グリッパ部90は、グリッパキャリア91から外側に突出して、掘削の際にトンネル内壁を押圧して後胴部12をトンネル内壁に支持する。
作業台16は、架台15の上側に配置されている。作業台16は、エレクタ19によってトンネルの坑壁に組み立てられた支保の間に金網を貼るために作業者が作業を行う台である。
作業デッキ31は、ブーム32によって架台15の上側に支持されている。作業デッキ31は、板状であって、架台15の上面15sと略平行に配置されている。
ブーム32は、架台15と作業デッキ31に接続されている。ブーム32は、図4に示すように、架台15の上側であって架台15の上面15sと略平行に配置されている。ブーム32は、第1連結部50を介して架台15に取り付けられている。ブーム32は、架台15に取り付けられている位置から前方に向かって延びている。
屋根33は、図3に示すように、デッキ前部311の上方に配置されている。屋根33は、幅方向Bに沿って上方に凸に湾曲している。屋根33は、格子状であって、作業者が格子状の間から作業を行うことができる。屋根33の上面において、トンネルの坑壁に貼り付ける金網が展開される。屋根33は、崩落した岩から作業者を保護するためにも設けられている。なお、デッキ後部312の上方にも屋根38が設けられている。
ブーム回動機構34は、図5に示すように、第1連結部50(第1連結部の一例)と、一対の揺動シリンダ53、54(第1アクチュエータの一例)と、を有している。第1連結部50は、ブーム32と架台15を連結する。第1連結部50は、架台側連結部51と、ブーム側連結部52と、を有する。架台側連結部51は、ブーム32を架台15に回動可能に連結する。架台側連結部51は、軸部材55と、連結部材56と、を有している。
作業デッキ回動機構35は、第2連結部60と、一対の回動シリンダ63、64(第2アクチュエータの一例)と、を有している。
伸縮部36(移動部の一例)は、図7に示すように、第1摺動シリンダ71(第3アクチュエータの一例)と、第2摺動シリンダ72(第3アクチュエータの一例)と、を有している。
上述したように、作業デッキ31を支持するブーム32は、軸部材55を中心にして架台15に対して左右に回動可能である。作業デッキ31は、ブーム32の先端に配置された軸部材65を中心にして左右に回動可能である。更に、ブーム32が伸縮可能であるため、作業デッキ31はブーム32の長手方向に沿って移動可能である。
(1)
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1は、本体10と、架台15と、作業台16と、を備える。本体10は、前胴部11と、後胴部12と、を有する。前胴部11は、複数のディスクカッタ83(カッタの一例)が設けられたカッタヘッド21を有する。後胴部12は、掘削を行う際の反力を得るためのグリッパ部90を含み、前胴部11の後方に配置されている。架台15は、本体10の後方に、本体10に連なって配置されている。作業台16は、架台15の上側に、架台15に対して回動可能に配置されている。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1では、作業台16は、作業デッキ31と、ブーム32と、を有する。ブーム32は、作業デッキ31を架台15上に支持する。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1では、ブーム32は、架台15に回動可能に支持されている。作業デッキ31は、ブーム32に支持されている。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1では、作業デッキ31は、ブーム32に回動可能に支持されている。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1は、揺動シリンダ53、54(第1アクチュエータの一例)を備える。揺動シリンダ53、54は、ブーム32を架台15に対して回動する。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1は、回動シリンダ63、64(第2アクチュエータの一例)を備える。回動シリンダ63、64は、作業デッキ31をブーム32に対して回動する。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1では、作業デッキ31は、架台15に対して少なくとも2つの異なる回動半径で回動可能である。
本開示にかかるトンネル掘削装置では、ブーム32は、後端面41a(第1端の一例)および前端面43a(第2端の一例)を有する。ブーム32の後端面41aが第1連結部50を介して架台15に回動可能に支持されている。作業デッキ31がブーム32の前端面43aに第2連結部60を介して回動可能に支持されている。作業デッキ31は、第1連結部50に設けられた軸部材55(第1回動軸の一例)を中心にブーム32とともに第1の回動半径R1で回動可能である。作業デッキ31は、第2連結部60に設けられた軸部材65(第2回動軸の一例)を中心に第2の回動半径R2で回動可能である、
これにより、作業デッキ31を2つの異なる回動半径で回動させることができ、作業デッキ31の姿勢をトンネルの曲率に合わせやすくなる。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1では、作業台16は、作業デッキ31を前後方向に移動可能な伸縮部36(移動部の一例)を有する。
本実施の形態にかかるトンネル掘削装置1では、伸縮部36には、ブーム32を長手方向において伸縮させる第1摺動シリンダ71および第2摺動シリンダ72(第3アクチュエータの一例)を有する。
以上、本開示の一実施形態について説明したが、本開示は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。
上記実施の形態では、移動機構の一例として、第1摺動シリンダ71と第2摺動シリンダ72を有する伸縮部36を用いたが、このような構成に限らず、例えば、モータとボールねじのような構成であってもよく、ブーム32を伸縮できればよい。
上記実施の形態では、ブーム32は、第1ブーム部材41と第2ブーム部材42と第3ブーム部材43の3つの部材を有しているが、3つに限らなくてもよい。
上記実施の形態では、ブーム回動機構34において揺動シリンダ53、54を用いたが、これに限らず、ギア等で構成してもよく、ブーム32を架台15に対して回動できればよい。
上記実施の形態では、作業デッキ回動機構35において回動シリンダ63、64を用いたが、これに限らず、ギア等で構成してもよく、作業デッキ31をブーム32に対して回動できればよい。
上記実施の形態では、作業デッキ31がデッキ前部311とデッキ後部312を有しているが、デッキ後部312が設けられていなくてもよい。
10 :本体
11 :前胴部
12 :後胴部
15 :架台
16 :作業台
21 :カッタヘッド
83 :ディスクカッタ(カッタの一例)
90 :グリッパ部
Claims (10)
- 複数のカッタが設けられたカッタヘッドを有する前胴部と、掘削を行う際の反力を得るためのグリッパ部を含み、前記前胴部の後方に配置されている後胴部と、を有する本体と、
前記本体の後方に、前記本体に連なって配置された架台と、
前記架台の上側に、前記架台に対して回動可能に配置された作業台と、を備えた、
トンネル掘削装置。 - 前記作業台は、
作業デッキと、
前記作業デッキを前記架台上に支持するブームと、を有する、
請求項1に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記ブームは、前記架台に回動可能に支持されており、
前記作業デッキは、前記ブームに支持されている、
請求項2に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記作業デッキは、前記ブームに回動可能に支持されている、
請求項2または3に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記ブームを前記架台に対して回動する第1アクチュエータを更に備えた、
請求項3に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記作業デッキを前記ブームに対して回動する第2アクチュエータを更に備えた、
請求項4に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記作業デッキは、前記架台に対して少なくとも2つの異なる回動半径で回動可能である、
請求項2に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記ブームは、第1端および第2端を有し、
前記ブームの前記第1端が第1連結部を介して前記架台に回動可能に支持され、
前記作業デッキが前記ブームの前記第2端に第2連結部を介して回動可能に支持されており、
前記作業デッキは、前記第1連結部に設けられた第1回動軸を中心に前記ブームとともに第1の回動半径で回動可能であり、
前記作業デッキは、前記第2連結部に設けられた第2回動軸を中心に第2の回動半径で回動可能である、
請求項7に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記作業台は、
前記作業デッキを前後方向に移動可能な移動部を有する、
請求項2~8のいずれか1項に記載のトンネル掘削装置。 - 前記移動部は、前記ブームを長手方向において伸縮させる第3アクチュエータを有する、
請求項9に記載のトンネル掘削装置。
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US3957310A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1976-05-18 | Winberg Douglas F | Tunnel boring machine with dual support members |
US4365676A (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1982-12-28 | Varco International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for drilling laterally from a well bore |
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US5205612A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1993-04-27 | Z C Mines Pty. Ltd. | Transport apparatus and method of forming same |
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JP6254429B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-12-27 | 株式会社小松製作所 | トンネル掘削装置およびその制御方法 |
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JPH10220191A (ja) * | 1997-02-05 | 1998-08-18 | Komatsu Ltd | シールド掘進設備 |
JP2007146654A (ja) * | 2007-03-15 | 2007-06-14 | Taisei Corp | セグメント組立装置 |
JP2010222960A (ja) * | 2009-02-18 | 2010-10-07 | Jfe Engineering Corp | シールド掘進機及びシールド掘進機の構築方法 |
JP2015155603A (ja) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-08-27 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | シールド掘進機の後部作業デッキ |
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