WO2021218103A1 - 一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置 - Google Patents

一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021218103A1
WO2021218103A1 PCT/CN2020/127490 CN2020127490W WO2021218103A1 WO 2021218103 A1 WO2021218103 A1 WO 2021218103A1 CN 2020127490 W CN2020127490 W CN 2020127490W WO 2021218103 A1 WO2021218103 A1 WO 2021218103A1
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Prior art keywords
box body
gear
driven
box
unloading
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PCT/CN2020/127490
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋慧略
马永杰
刘敏
杨丰利
惠超
张婧
张琳琳
孙玉婷
石彦平
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山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所
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Publication of WO2021218103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021218103A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G65/00—Loading or unloading
    • B65G65/30—Methods or devices for filling or emptying bunkers, hoppers, tanks, or like containers, of interest apart from their use in particular chemical or physical processes or their application in particular machines, e.g. not covered by a single other subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/02—Internal fittings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/20—External fittings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/20—External fittings
    • B65D25/24—External fittings for spacing bases of containers from supporting surfaces, e.g. legs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/38—Devices for discharging contents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ice cube carrier, in particular to an automatic loading, unloading and transportation device for large-volume ice cubes.
  • ice cubes are not only smooth but also heavy, manual ice transportation is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also poses a certain personal hazard.
  • the auxiliary equipment used in the transportation process can also cause damage to the ice cubes, or even scrap due to excessive defects.
  • the present invention provides an automatic loading, unloading and transportation device for large-volume ice cubes, so as to stably pick up a large number of ice cubes in the same row at the same time, and quickly and accurately transport them to a designated location.
  • an automatic loading, unloading and transportation device for large-volume ice cubes, so as to stably pick up a large number of ice cubes in the same row at the same time, and quickly and accurately transport them to a designated location.
  • An automatic loading, unloading and transportation device for large-volume ice cubes including a box body, an ice cube shifting mechanism arranged on the box body, and a first box gear train moving mechanism;
  • the box body includes a head box body, at least one middle box body and a tail box body.
  • Each box body is composed of a frame, a support shaft at the bottom of the frame, and wheels arranged on the support shaft, and is located in the middle box body and the tail box body.
  • the support shaft at the bottom is fixed to the bottom of the frame through bearings, and the support shaft at the bottom of the head box is embedded in the groove at the bottom of the head box;
  • the ice cube shifting mechanism includes a first servo motor, a first sprocket mechanism and a second sprocket mechanism driven by the first servo motor, and the sprocket on the second sprocket mechanism is respectively supported by a gear mechanism.
  • the head box gear train moving mechanism includes a second servo motor, a worm gear mechanism driven by the second servo motor, and a connecting rod mechanism.
  • the head end of the connecting rod mechanism is connected to the worm wheel, and the tail end is connected to the support shaft at the bottom of the head box body. .
  • the first sprocket mechanism includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel, and a first chain connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the driving wheel is connected to the main shaft of the first servo motor; the first servo motor is installed in On the top of the tail box body, the driven wheel is mounted on the bottom side of the tail box body through a rotating shaft.
  • the second sprocket mechanism is installed on the bottom side of the box body and includes a plurality of sprocket wheels connected by a second chain, and the sprocket at the tail end of the tail box body is fixedly connected with the driven wheel.
  • each set of the gear mechanism includes a driving gear, an intermediate gear, and a driven gear, the intermediate gears are respectively connected to the driving gear and the driven gear, and the driving gears are respectively fixedly connected to the sprockets, so The driving gear and the intermediate gear are mounted on the bottom side of the box body, and the driven gear is mounted on each support shaft.
  • the worm gear mechanism includes a worm and a worm wheel, the worm is connected with the main shaft of the second servo motor, and the worm wheel is installed on the top of the head box body through a rotating shaft.
  • the linkage mechanism includes a driving rod, an intermediate rod, and a driven rod.
  • One end of the intermediate rod is hinged with the driving rod, and the other end is hinged with the driven rod.
  • the driving rod and the worm gear share a rotating shaft, And the head end of the driving rod is fixed on the worm wheel disc surface, and the end of the driven rod is hinged with the supporting shaft at the bottom of the head box body.
  • one middle box is provided, two support shafts are provided at the bottom of each box, and a plurality of wheels are fixedly installed on each support shaft.
  • the present invention provides an automatic loading, unloading and transportation device for large-volume ice cubes.
  • the box is used to load and fix the ice cubes so that they will not slide and contact and stick during transportation; the ice cubes will move
  • the positioning mechanism is used to move the ice cubes between the head box, the middle box and the tail box; the first box gear train moving mechanism is used to retract and reset the support shaft at the bottom of the head box before and after the ice cubes are put into the head box. And wheels.
  • the device can be used for rapid automatic loading, transportation and unloading of large-volume ice cubes, and guarantees the regular stacking of ice cubes, which is conducive to improving loading and transportation efficiency, reducing labor costs, greatly reducing personnel hazards, and reducing ice scrap Rate and realize automated transportation.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic loading, unloading and transporting device for large-volume ice cubes disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the ice shift mechanism disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the back of the ice cube shifting mechanism disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first box gear train moving mechanism in the retracted state disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the reset state of the first box gear train moving mechanism disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the loading process of the first group of ice cubes
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the loading process of the second and third groups of ice cubes
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the unloading process of three sets of ice cubes.
  • the present invention provides an automatic loading, unloading and transportation device for large-volume ice cubes.
  • the device includes a box body, an ice cube shifting mechanism arranged on the box body, and a first box gear train moving mechanism.
  • the box is used to load and fix ice cubes so that they will not slide and contact and stick during transportation.
  • the box body includes a head box body 1, a middle box body 2 and a tail box body 3.
  • Each box body is composed of a frame 4, a support shaft 5 located at the bottom of the frame 4, and wheels 6 arranged on the support shaft 5, located in the middle box body 2 and the support shaft 5 at the bottom of the tail box body 3 are fixed to the bottom of the frame 4 through bearings.
  • the support shaft 5 at the bottom of the head box body 1 is embedded in the groove at the bottom of the head box body 1 and can be driven by the head box wheel train moving mechanism. Fold up and reset.
  • one middle box body 2 is provided, two support shafts 5 are provided at the bottom of each box body, and a plurality of wheels 6 are fixedly installed on each support shaft 5.
  • Each box includes three side-by-side small boxes, which can be loaded with three ice cubes at the same time.
  • the ice cube shifting mechanism is used to move ice cubes between the head box body 1, the middle box body 2 and the tail box body 3.
  • the ice cube shifting mechanism includes a first servo motor 7, a first sprocket mechanism and a second sprocket mechanism driven by the first servo motor 7.
  • the sprocket 12 on the second sprocket mechanism is connected to each supporting shaft through a gear mechanism. 5Connect.
  • the first sprocket mechanism includes a driving wheel 8, a driven wheel 9, and a first chain 10 connecting the driving wheel 8 and the driven wheel 9.
  • the driving wheel 8 is connected to the main shaft of the first servo motor 7;
  • the first servo motor 7 is installed on the top of the tail box 3, and the driven wheel 9 is installed on the bottom side of the tail box 3 through a rotating shaft.
  • the second sprocket mechanism is installed on the bottom side of the box body and includes six sprockets 12 connected by a second chain 11.
  • the sprocket 12 at the tail end of the tail box body 3 and the driven wheel 9 are welded together. When the driven wheel 9 rotates, the rotating shaft does not move, and the sprocket 12 rotates around the rotating shaft together.
  • each gear mechanism includes a driving gear 13, an intermediate gear 14, and a driven gear 15.
  • the intermediate gear 14 is connected to the driving gear 13 and the driven gear 15, respectively, and the driving gear 13 is connected to each sprocket 12 respectively.
  • the driving gear 13 and the intermediate gear 14 are installed on the bottom side of the box body, and the driven gear 15 is installed on each support shaft 5.
  • the driven wheel 9 When the first servo motor 7 rotates in the forward direction, the driven wheel 9 is driven to rotate by the driving wheel 8, thereby driving the tail end sprocket 12 welded with the driven wheel 9 to rotate, and the second chain 11 drives all the sprockets 12 to rotate together.
  • the first box gear train moving mechanism is used for retracting and resetting the supporting shaft 5 and the wheels 6 at the bottom of the first box body 1 before and after the ice cubes are put into the first box body 1.
  • the first box gear train movement mechanism includes a second servo motor 16, a worm gear mechanism driven by the second servo motor 16, and a connecting rod mechanism.
  • the head end of the connecting rod mechanism is connected to the worm wheel 17, and the tail end is connected to the support shaft at the bottom of the head box body 1. 5.
  • the worm gear mechanism includes a worm 18 and a worm wheel 17.
  • the worm 18 is connected to the main shaft of the second servo motor 16, and the worm wheel 17 is installed on the top of the head box 1 through a rotating shaft.
  • the linkage mechanism includes a driving rod 19, a middle rod 20 and two driven rods 21.
  • One end of the middle rod 20 is hinged with the driving rod 19, and the other end is hinged with the two driven rods 21.
  • the driving rod 19 and the worm wheel 17 share a rotating shaft,
  • the head end of the driving rod 19 is fixed on the disk surface of the worm wheel 17, and the ends of the two driven rods 21 are respectively hinged to the two supporting shafts 5 at the bottom of the head box body 1.
  • the rotating shaft is fixed, and the head end of the driving rod 19 rotates together with the worm wheel 17, driving the driving rod 19 to swing around the rotating shaft.
  • the worm wheel 17 drives the driving rod 19 to rotate around the axis of rotation under the drive of the worm 18, and the two driven rods 21 are relatively retracted while moving backward through the intermediate rod 20, as shown in the figure 6 shown.
  • the two support shafts 5 take the wheels 6 away from the area directly under the head box 1 and are under the middle box 2.
  • the wheel train of the first box 1 is in the retracted state, so that the first box 1 can contain ice from below. Enter or release from the first box body 1 to the outside of the box.
  • the two driven rods 21 move forward while flattening down, as shown in FIG. 5, driving the two supporting shafts 5 and the corresponding wheels 6 back to the head box. 1 below, so that the driven gear 15 and the intermediate gear 14 under the head box 1 are matched.
  • the wheels 6 on the support rod can support the ice cubes in the box, and can also move the ice cubes back under the drive of the ice cube shifting mechanism. Or move the back ice cube forward.
  • step 5 to put the second group of ice cubes 23 on the unloading platform
  • step 5 put the first group of ice cubes 22 on the unloading platform, and complete the unloading of all ice cubes.

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Abstract

一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，包括箱体、冰块移位机构和首箱轮系移动机构；箱体包括首箱体（1）、中间箱体（2）和尾箱体（3），每个箱体由框架（4）、位于框架（4）底部的支撑轴（5）和设置于支撑轴（5）上的轮子（6）组成；冰块移位机构包括第一伺服电机（7）、由第一伺服电机（7）带动的第一链轮机构和第二链轮机构，第二链轮机构上的链轮（12）分别通过齿轮机构与各支撑轴（5）连接；首箱轮系移动机构包括第二伺服电机（16）、由第二伺服电机（16）带动的蜗轮蜗杆机构和连杆机构，连杆机构的首端连接蜗轮（17），尾端连接首箱体（1）底部的支撑轴（5）。该装置可同时稳定地夹起同一排的大量冰块，快速准确地运送安放到指定位置，可极大地减少人员危险，降低冰块报废率，实现冰块的高效搬运。

Description

一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种冰块载具，特别涉及一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置。
背景技术
随着经济发展和技术进步，制冰技术及产品在国民经济中的应用范围不断扩展，在食品加工、商超物流、远洋捕捞等行业冷链建设领域，水利水电、核电、建筑工程等行业在内的混凝土降温领域，矿井降温等人工环境领域，蓄能调峰等节能环保领域、以及精细化工行业反应釜降温、人工冰雪、食用冰、家用、制药医疗等领域都有广泛应用。
目前，在冰块的制冰、出冰，存冰，到碎冰过程中，大都还是以人力为主，机械化程度和自动化程度均很低，导致生产效率很低，生产成本严重偏高，人员安全和卫生方面更是存在巨大的隐患。
由于冰块不仅光滑，而且很重，人工运冰不仅费时费力，而且存在一定的人身危险，另外搬运过程中使用的辅助器械，还会导致冰块产生破损，甚至因残缺过大而报废。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，以达到可同时稳定地夹起同一排的大量冰块，快速准确地运送安放到指定位置，可极大地减少人员危险，降低冰块报废率，实现冰块的高效搬运的目的。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，包括箱体、设置于箱体上的冰块移位机构和首箱轮系移动机构；
所述箱体包括首箱体、至少一个中间箱体和尾箱体，每个箱体由框架、位于框架底部的支撑轴和设置于支撑轴上的轮子组成，位于中间箱体和尾箱体底部的支撑轴通过轴承固定于框架底部，位于首箱体底部的支撑轴嵌入首箱体底部的凹槽内；
所述冰块移位机构包括第一伺服电机、由第一伺服电机带动的第一链轮机构和第二链轮机构，所述第二链轮机构上的链轮分别通过齿轮机构与各支撑轴连接；
所述首箱轮系移动机构包括第二伺服电机、由第二伺服电机带动的蜗轮蜗杆机构和连杆机构，所述连杆机构的首端连接蜗轮，尾端连接首箱体底部的支撑轴。
上述方案中，所述第一链轮机构包括主动轮、从动轮以及连接主动轮和从动轮的第一链条，所述主动轮与第一伺服电机的主轴相连；所述第一伺服电机安装于尾箱体顶部，所述从动轮通过转轴安装于尾箱体底部一侧。
上述方案中，所述第二链轮机构安装于箱体底部一侧，包括通过第二链条连接的多个链轮，位于尾箱体尾端的链轮与所述从动轮固定连接。
上述方案中，每组所述齿轮机构包括一个主动齿轮、一个中间齿轮和一个从动齿轮，所述中间齿轮分别连接主动齿轮和从动齿轮，所述主动齿轮分别与各链轮固定连接，所述主动齿轮和中间齿轮安装于箱体底部一侧，所述从动齿轮安装于各支撑轴上。
上述方案中，所述蜗轮蜗杆机构包括一个蜗杆和一个蜗轮，所述蜗杆与第二伺服电机的主轴相连，所述蜗轮通过转轴安装在首箱体顶部。
上述方案中，所述连杆机构包括主动杆、中间杆和从动杆，所述中间杆一端与主动杆铰接，另一端与从动杆铰接，所述主动杆与所述蜗轮共用一个转轴，且所述主动杆首端固定于蜗轮盘面上，所述从动杆末端与首箱体底部的支撑轴铰接。
进一步的技术方案中，所述中间箱体设置一个，每个箱体底部设置两个支撑轴，每个支撑轴上固定安装多个轮子。
通过上述技术方案，本发明提供的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置中，箱体用于装载和固定冰块，使其在运输中不会滑动和接触粘连；冰块移位机构用于在首箱体、中间箱体和尾箱体之间移动冰块；首箱轮系移动机构用于在将冰块纳入首箱体前后收起和复位首箱体底部的支撑轴和轮子。通过该装置可用于大体积冰块的大量快速自动装载、运输和卸载，并保证冰块规则码垛，有利于提高装载和运输效率，降低劳动成本，可极大地减少人员危险，降低冰块报废率，实现自动化运输。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本发明实施例所公开的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置示意图；
图2为本发明实施例所公开的冰块移位机构正面示意图；
图3为本发明实施例所公开的冰块移位机构背面示意图；
图4为本发明实施例所公开的齿轮机构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例所公开的首箱轮系移动机构收起状态示意图；
图6为本发明实施例所公开的首箱轮系移动机构复位状态示意图；
图7为第一组冰块的装载过程示意图；
图8为第二组和第三组冰块的装载过程示意图；
图9为三组冰块的卸载过程示意图。
图中，1、首箱体；2、中间箱体；3、尾箱体；4、框架；5、支撑轴；6、轮子；7、第一伺服电机；8、主动轮；9、从动轮；10、第一链条；11、第二链条；12、链轮；13、主动齿轮；14、中间齿轮；15、从动齿轮；16、第二伺服电机；17、蜗轮；18、蜗杆；19、主动杆；20、中间杆；21、从动杆；22、第一组冰块；23、第二组冰块；24、第三组冰块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
本发明提供了一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，如图1所示，该装置包括箱体、设置于箱体上的冰块移位机构和首箱轮系移动机构。
箱体用于装载和固定冰块，使其在运输中不会滑动和接触粘连。箱体包括首箱体1、中间箱体2和尾箱体3，每个箱体由框架4、位于框架4底部的支撑轴5和设置于支撑轴5上的轮子6组成，位于中间箱体2和尾箱体3底部的支撑轴5通过轴承固定于框架4底部，位于首箱体1底部的支撑轴5嵌入首箱体1底部的凹槽内，可以在首箱轮系移动机构的带动下收起和复位。本实施例中，中间箱体2设置一个，每个箱体底部设置两个支撑轴5，每个支撑轴5上固定安装多个轮子6。每个箱体包括了三个并列的小箱体，可同时装载三个冰块。
冰块移位机构用于在首箱体1、中间箱体2和尾箱体3之间移动冰块。冰块移位机构包括第一伺服电机7、由第一伺服电机7带动的第一链轮机构和第二链轮机构，第二链轮机构上的链轮12分别通过齿轮机构与各支撑轴5连接。
如图2和图3所示，第一链轮机构包括主动轮8、从动轮9以及连接主动轮8和从动轮9的第一链条10，主动轮8与第一伺服电机7的主轴相连；第一伺服电机7安装于尾箱体3顶部，从动轮9通过转轴安装于尾箱体3底部一侧。
第二链轮机构安装于箱体底部一侧，包括通过第二链条11连接的6个链轮12，位于尾箱体3尾端的链轮12与从动轮9焊接在一起。当从动轮9转动时，转轴不动，链轮12绕转轴一起转动。
如图4所示，每组齿轮机构包括一个主动齿轮13、一个中间齿轮14和一个从动齿轮15， 中间齿轮14分别连接主动齿轮13和从动齿轮15，主动齿轮13分别与各链轮12焊接在一起，主动齿轮13和中间齿轮14安装于箱体底部一侧，从动齿轮15安装于各支撑轴5上。
当第一伺服电机7正向旋转时，通过主动轮8带动从动轮9转动，从而带动与从动轮9焊接的尾端链轮12转动，通过第二链条11带动所有的链轮12一起转动，与链轮12焊接在主动齿轮13通过中间齿轮14带动从动齿轮15转动，进而带动6个支撑轴5转动，从而带动支撑轴5上的所有轮子6顺时针旋转，轮子6上的冰块向箱体后方移动；同理，当第一伺服电机7反向旋转时，冰块从箱体后方向前移动。
首箱轮系移动机构用于在将冰块纳入首箱体1前后收起和复位首箱体1底部的支撑轴5和轮子6。首箱轮系移动机构包括第二伺服电机16、由第二伺服电机16带动的蜗轮蜗杆机构和连杆机构，连杆机构的首端连接蜗轮17，尾端连接首箱体1底部的支撑轴5。
蜗轮蜗杆机构包括一个蜗杆18和一个蜗轮17，蜗杆18与第二伺服电机16的主轴相连，蜗轮17通过转轴安装在首箱体1顶部。
连杆机构包括主动杆19、中间杆20和两个从动杆21，中间杆20一端与主动杆19铰接，另一端与两个从动杆21铰接，主动杆19与蜗轮17共用一个转轴，且主动杆19首端固定于蜗轮17盘面上，两个从动杆21末端分别与首箱体1底部的两个支撑轴5铰接。当蜗轮17转动时，转轴固定不动，主动杆19的首端跟随蜗轮17一起转动，带动主动杆19也绕着转轴摆动。
当第二伺服电机16正向旋转时，蜗轮17在蜗杆18的驱动下带动主动杆19绕转轴旋转，通过中间杆20使两个从动杆21在向后移动的同时相对收起，如图6所示。此时两个支撑轴5带着轮子6离开首箱体1正下方区域，处于中间箱体2下方，首箱体1轮系处于收起状态，使得首箱体1可从下方将冰块容纳进来或从首箱体1内释放到箱外。
当第二伺服电机16反向旋转时，两个从动杆21在向前移动的同时向下展平，如图5所示，带动两个支撑轴5和相应的轮子6回到首箱体1下方，使得首箱体1下方的从动齿轮15和中间齿轮14配合，支撑杆上的轮子6可支撑箱体内的冰块，也可在冰块移位机构的驱动下将冰块后移或将后部冰块前移。
当第二伺服电机16静止时，由于蜗轮蜗杆的传动特性，蜗轮17将被锁死，使得首箱轮系不再移动。
本发明装载、运输和卸载冰块的具体工作流程如下：
1、将待装载冰块放置于装载平台上，第二伺服电机16正向旋转，带动首箱轮系移动机构，使首箱体1下方的支撑轴5和轮子6收起，将首箱体1罩在第一组冰块22上，然后将第 一组冰块22向装载平台边缘水平拖动，然后第二伺服电机16反向旋转，使首箱体1下方的支撑轴5和轮子6复位，托住第一组冰块22；
2、如图7所示，在第一伺服电机7的驱动下，第一组冰块22随轮子6的转动向尾箱体3方向移动；
3、如图8所示，再次重复上述两步动作，将第二组冰块23放入中间箱体2，然后重复步骤1，将第三组冰块24放入首箱体1；
4、使用行吊将装满冰块的箱体运送至指定位置；
5、将整个箱体放置到卸载平台上方离卸载平台高度大约为一个轮子6的高度，可以使得首箱轮系收起即可，第二伺服电机16正向旋转，缓慢收首箱轮系移动机构，使首箱体1下方的支撑轴5和轮子6缓慢收起，首箱体1中的第三组冰块24前部会接触卸载平台，直到首箱体1下方的轮子6全部离开首箱体1区域，第三组冰块24完全掉落到卸载平台上；然后整体吊起箱体，使第三组冰块24脱离箱体；
6、如图9所示，在第一伺服电机7的驱动下，第二组冰块23随轮子6的转动移动到首箱体1内，第一组冰块22移动到中间箱体2；
7、重复步骤5，将第二组冰块23放到卸载平台上；
8、在第一伺服电机7的驱动下，第一组冰块22随轮子6的转动移动到首箱体1内；
9、重复步骤5，将第一组冰块22放到卸载平台上，完成所有冰块的卸载。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，其特征在于，包括箱体、设置于箱体上的冰块移位机构和首箱轮系移动机构；
    所述箱体包括首箱体、至少一个中间箱体和尾箱体，每个箱体由框架、位于框架底部的支撑轴和设置于支撑轴上的轮子组成，位于中间箱体和尾箱体底部的支撑轴通过轴承固定于框架底部，位于首箱体底部的支撑轴嵌入首箱体底部的凹槽内；
    所述冰块移位机构包括第一伺服电机、由第一伺服电机带动的第一链轮机构和第二链轮机构，所述第二链轮机构上的链轮分别通过齿轮机构与各支撑轴连接；
    所述首箱轮系移动机构包括第二伺服电机、由第二伺服电机带动的蜗轮蜗杆机构和连杆机构，所述连杆机构的首端连接蜗轮，尾端连接首箱体底部的支撑轴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，其特征在于，所述第一链轮机构包括主动轮、从动轮以及连接主动轮和从动轮的第一链条，所述主动轮与第一伺服电机的主轴相连；所述第一伺服电机安装于尾箱体顶部，所述从动轮通过转轴安装于尾箱体底部一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，其特征在于，所述第二链轮机构安装于箱体底部一侧，包括通过第二链条连接的多个链轮，位于尾箱体尾端的链轮与所述从动轮固定连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，其特征在于，每组所述齿轮机构包括一个主动齿轮、一个中间齿轮和一个从动齿轮，所述中间齿轮分别连接主动齿轮和从动齿轮，所述主动齿轮分别与各链轮固定连接，所述主动齿轮和中间齿轮安装于箱体底部一侧，所述从动齿轮安装于各支撑轴上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，其特征在于，所述蜗轮蜗杆机构包括一个蜗杆和一个蜗轮，所述蜗杆与第二伺服电机的主轴相连，所述蜗轮通过转轴安装在首箱体顶部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，其特征在于，所述连杆机构包括主动杆、中间杆和从动杆，所述中间杆一端与主动杆铰接，另一端与从动杆铰接，所述主动杆与所述蜗轮共用一个转轴，且所述主动杆首端固定于蜗轮盘面上，所述从动杆末端与首箱体底部的支撑轴铰接。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的一种用于大体积冰块的自动装卸和运输装置，其特征在于，所述中间箱体设置一个，每个箱体底部设置两个支撑轴，每个支撑轴上固定安装多个轮子。
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