WO2021217662A1 - 析锂检测方法及装置、极化比例的获取方法及装置 - Google Patents

析锂检测方法及装置、极化比例的获取方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2021217662A1
WO2021217662A1 PCT/CN2020/088503 CN2020088503W WO2021217662A1 WO 2021217662 A1 WO2021217662 A1 WO 2021217662A1 CN 2020088503 W CN2020088503 W CN 2020088503W WO 2021217662 A1 WO2021217662 A1 WO 2021217662A1
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rechargeable battery
battery
voltage
charge
open circuit
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PCT/CN2020/088503
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English (en)
French (fr)
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袁世斐
刘兵晓
吴志伟
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to JP2022566302A priority Critical patent/JP7490921B2/ja
Priority to EP20932967.1A priority patent/EP4130767A4/en
Priority to CN202080004670.4A priority patent/CN112673266B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/088503 priority patent/WO2021217662A1/zh
Publication of WO2021217662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021217662A1/zh
Priority to US17/976,402 priority patent/US20230052544A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/364—Battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of rechargeable batteries, and in particular to a method and device for detecting lithium evolution, and a method and device for obtaining polarization ratio.
  • the rechargeable battery can be transformed into a battery with a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a reference electrode, and then the potential of the negative electrode relative to the reference electrode is measured during the charging process, and then the potential of the negative electrode relative to the reference electrode is used to determine whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • the potential of the negative electrode relative to the reference electrode appears three potential plateaus greater than 0V during the charging process, and a potential plateau of approximately 0V appears, it is determined that the rechargeable battery is lithium-depleted.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for detecting lithium evolution, and a method and device for obtaining a polarization ratio, which can improve the accuracy of lithium precipitation detection.
  • the present application provides a method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery.
  • the method includes: obtaining the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery;
  • the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery indicates that the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution The ratio of the polarization voltage to the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery;
  • the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and then obtain the negative pole of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery Then, based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery, the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained, and then, based on the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery, it is determined whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • the method for detecting the lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery provided in the embodiments of the present application can ensure the accuracy of the obtained negative electrode voltage, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the lithium evolution detection of the rechargeable battery.
  • parameters such as the state of charge, terminal voltage, and polarization ratio required for detecting lithium evolution are relatively easy to obtain, making the method for detecting lithium evolution easier to implement.
  • the data required to detect and analyze lithium are all data that can be collected by the existing battery management system. It has no additional requirements for sensors such as current and voltage, and can be easily deployed in the battery management system without increasing hardware costs. Good applicability.
  • judging whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution based on the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery includes: when the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery is less than a reference voltage threshold, judging that the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • obtaining the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery includes: based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the first The reference relationship is to obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the first reference relationship is the relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the Polarization ratio, obtain the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery can be calibrated in advance.
  • the method further includes: obtaining the first reference battery using the target charging current to charge at Polarization voltage of the first reference battery at the critical point of lithium extraction; obtain the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current at the critical point of lithium extraction; based on the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery And the polarization voltage of the first reference battery to obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • multiple charging currents may be used to calibrate multiple polarization ratios, and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery can be determined according to the multiple polarization ratios.
  • the average value of multiple polarization ratios can be used as the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, or the weighted sum of multiple polarization ratios can be used as the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the application. .
  • acquiring the polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution includes: acquiring the first reference battery is charged at the critical point of lithium with the target charging current , The state of charge of the first reference battery and the terminal voltage of the first reference battery; based on the state of charge of the first reference battery, query the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery, Obtain the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the state of charge of the first reference battery; obtain the polarization of the first reference battery based on the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the terminal voltage of the first reference battery and the second reference relationship Voltage, the second reference relationship is the relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the terminal voltage of the first reference battery, and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • acquiring the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution includes: acquiring the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is in the lithium evolution critical point.
  • the state of charge of the first reference battery and the negative voltage of the first reference battery based on the state of charge of the first reference battery, query the difference between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery Corresponding relationship, obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the state of charge of the first reference battery; based on the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the negative voltage of the first reference battery, and the third reference relationship, obtain the first With reference to the negative pole polarization voltage of the battery, the third reference relationship is the relationship between the negative pole voltage of the first reference battery, the negative pole open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, and the negative pole polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery includes: based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, query the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery to obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; query based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery The corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is used to obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the method further includes: obtaining the first reference battery based on the charge and discharge test performed on the first reference battery The corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained based on the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery And/or, based on the charge and discharge test performed on the second reference battery, obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery, based on the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the second reference battery The corresponding relationship of the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery to obtain the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the positive electrode material of the second reference battery is the same as the
  • the present application provides a lithium evolution detection device for a rechargeable battery.
  • the device includes: a first acquisition module for acquiring the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery;
  • the second obtaining module is used to obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery indicates that the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution
  • the third acquisition module is used to obtain the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery
  • the module is used to judge whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution based on the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the judging module is specifically configured to: when the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery is less than the reference voltage threshold, judge that the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • the second obtaining module is specifically used to obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and a first reference relationship, where the first reference relationship is the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, The relationship between the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the device further includes: a fourth acquisition module, configured to acquire the polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged at the critical point of lithium evolution using the target charging current; and a fifth acquisition module, configured to acquire the first reference battery A reference battery uses the target charging current to charge the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery when it is at the critical point of lithium evolution; the sixth acquisition module is used to base the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery To obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • a fourth acquisition module configured to acquire the polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged at the critical point of lithium evolution using the target charging current
  • a fifth acquisition module configured to acquire the first reference battery
  • a reference battery uses the target charging current to charge the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery when it is at the critical point of lithium evolution
  • the sixth acquisition module is used to base the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery To obtain the
  • the fourth obtaining module is specifically configured to: obtain the state of charge of the first reference battery and the terminal voltage of the first reference battery when the charging of the first reference battery using the target charging current is at the critical point of lithium evolution; With reference to the state of charge of the battery, query the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery to obtain the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the state of charge of the first reference battery; A reference to the open circuit voltage of the battery, the terminal voltage of the first reference battery, and a second reference relationship to obtain the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the second reference relationship is the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the terminal voltage of the first reference battery. And the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the fifth obtaining module is specifically configured to: obtain the state of charge of the first reference battery and the negative electrode voltage of the first reference battery when the charging of the first reference battery using the target charging current is at the critical point of lithium evolution; With reference to the state of charge of the battery, query the correspondence between the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery to obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the state of charge of the first reference battery; Based on the negative open-circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the negative voltage of the first reference battery, and the third reference relationship, the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery is obtained.
  • the third reference relationship is the negative voltage of the first reference battery, the first reference The relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the battery and the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the first acquisition module is specifically used to: based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, query the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery to obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; Electric state, query the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the device further includes: a seventh obtaining module, configured to obtain the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery based on the charge and discharge test performed on the first reference battery, based on the first reference battery A reference to the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery, to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery; Refer to the charge and discharge test performed on the battery to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery, and obtain the charge based on the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery The corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the positive electrode material of the second reference battery is the same as the negative electrode material of the first reference battery, and the negative electrode voltage of the second reference battery is constant.
  • the present application provides a method for detecting lithium precipitation in a rechargeable battery.
  • the method includes: obtaining at least two sets of charging parameters of the rechargeable battery in the same target state of charge based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery.
  • the group charging parameters include: the charging current of the rechargeable battery and the target voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the target voltage includes: the polarization voltage or the terminal voltage; based on at least two sets of charging parameters, the correlation between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge is obtained Relationship: When the correlation relationship does not meet the specified correlation relationship, it is determined that lithium evolution occurs during the charging process of the rechargeable battery.
  • each group of charging parameters includes: the charging current of the rechargeable battery and the target voltage
  • the target voltage includes: the polarization voltage or the terminal voltage.
  • the method for detecting lithium of a rechargeable battery provided in the embodiments of the present application can guarantee the acquisition compared with related technologies.
  • the accuracy of the voltage of the negative electrode of the battery thereby ensuring the accuracy of the lithium-deposition detection of the rechargeable battery.
  • parameters such as the state of charge, terminal voltage, and polarization ratio required for detecting lithium evolution are relatively easy to obtain, making the method for detecting lithium evolution easier to implement.
  • the data required to detect and analyze lithium are all data that can be collected by the existing battery management system. It has no additional requirements for sensors such as current and voltage, and can be easily deployed in the battery management system without increasing hardware costs. Good applicability.
  • the two charging processes may both be historical charging processes of the rechargeable battery. That is, at least two sets of charging parameters are historical charging parameters of the rechargeable battery. At this time, according to the at least two sets of charging parameters, it can be detected whether the rechargeable battery has undergone lithium evolution during the historical charging process. By detecting whether the rechargeable battery has undergone lithium evolution, the aging assessment and safety risk prediction of the rechargeable battery can be carried out, so as to make specific recommendations for the use of the rechargeable battery, thereby improving the safety of the use of the rechargeable battery.
  • one of the two charging processes is the current charging process of the rechargeable battery.
  • the at least two sets of charging parameters may include at least one set of charging parameters for charging the rechargeable battery to the target state of charge while the rechargeable battery is currently being charged.
  • it can be detected whether the rechargeable battery is currently being charged with lithium evolution.
  • the charging strategy can be improved according to the detection result to improve the charging safety of the rechargeable battery.
  • At least two sets of charging parameters of the rechargeable battery under the same target state of charge are obtained based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery, including: at least two charging processes based on the rechargeable battery, respectively Obtain the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge; based on the target state of charge and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain the target open circuit voltage corresponding to the target state of charge; respectively based on at least The terminal voltage and the target open circuit voltage obtained during the two charging processes are used to obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge during at least two charging processes.
  • the method further includes: based on a charge and discharge test performed on the first reference battery, Obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery; based on the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery, obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery Correspondence of the state of charge.
  • the specified correlation relationship is obtained based on the target voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge and the charging current less than the reference current threshold in the historical charging process.
  • the specified correlation relationship determined in this way is the correlation relationship that the rechargeable battery does not resolve lithium in the actual charging state of the rechargeable battery, and the accuracy of lithium precipitation can be further ensured when the specified correlation relationship is used to detect whether lithium is precipitated.
  • the present application provides a detection device for lithium precipitation in a rechargeable battery.
  • the device includes: a first obtaining module, configured to obtain the rechargeable battery in the same target state of charge based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery. At least two sets of charging parameters, each set of charging parameters includes: the charging current of the rechargeable battery and the target voltage of the rechargeable battery, the target voltage includes: the polarization voltage or the terminal voltage; the second acquisition module is configured to acquire based on the at least two sets of charging parameters The correlation relationship between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge; the judging module is used for judging that the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution during the charging process when the correlation relationship does not meet the specified correlation relationship.
  • the target voltage is a polarization voltage
  • the first obtaining module is specifically used to: obtain the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery; based on the target state of charge, And the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain the target open circuit voltage corresponding to the target state of charge; obtain at least two charges based on the terminal voltage and the target open circuit voltage obtained during at least two charging processes, respectively The polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge during the process.
  • the device further includes: a third acquiring module, configured to acquire the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery based on the charge-discharge test performed on the first reference battery; third The obtaining module is configured to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery based on the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery.
  • a third acquiring module configured to acquire the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery based on the charge-discharge test performed on the first reference battery
  • third The obtaining module is configured to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery based on the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery.
  • the specified correlation relationship is obtained based on the target voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge and the charging current less than the reference current threshold in the historical charging process.
  • the at least two sets of charging parameters include at least one set of charging parameters for charging the rechargeable battery to a target state of charge while the rechargeable battery is currently being charged.
  • the present application provides a method for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery.
  • the method for obtaining the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery includes: obtaining the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with a target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution. ; Obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current at the critical point of lithium evolution; based on the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery, obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarity of the rechargeable battery can be obtained.
  • the polarization ratio provides an easier way to obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • obtaining the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery uses the target charging current to charge at the critical point of lithium evolution includes: obtaining the charge of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery uses the target charging current to charge at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • obtaining the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery includes: obtaining the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery; querying the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery Corresponding to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • obtaining the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery uses the target charging current to charge at the critical point of lithium evolution includes: obtaining the rechargeable battery when the target charging current is charged at the critical point of lithium evolution, and the rechargeable battery Based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery and the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained; based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery, the negative polarized voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • obtaining the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery includes: obtaining the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery; The corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery obtains the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the present application provides a device for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery.
  • the device for obtaining the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery includes: a first obtaining module for obtaining the rechargeable battery using a target charging current to charge at a critical level of lithium evolution The polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery at the point of time; the second acquisition module is used to acquire the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery uses the target charging current to charge at the critical point of lithium evolution; the third acquisition module is used to obtain the negative pole of the rechargeable battery The polarization voltage and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery are used to obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the first acquisition module is specifically used to: acquire the state of charge of the rechargeable battery and the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery when the target charging current is used to charge the rechargeable battery and the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain The open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the first obtaining module is specifically used to: obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery; query the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery Correspondence of the state, the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the second acquisition module is specifically used to: acquire the state of charge of the rechargeable battery and the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery when the target charging current is used to charge the rechargeable battery and the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain The negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery, the negative polarized voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the second obtaining module is specifically used to: obtain the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery; and query the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the corresponding relationship of the state of charge obtains the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • this application provides a computer device.
  • the computer device includes a processor and a memory.
  • the memory stores a computer program.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the computer device implements the method provided by this application.
  • this application provides a storage medium.
  • the instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor, the computer device implements the method provided in this application.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a complete vehicle system of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the correspondence between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of a rechargeable battery, and the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery and the state of charge change under different charging currents according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a curve of the polarization voltage of the first reference battery changing with the charging current when the state of charge is 0.3 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a curve of the polarization voltage of the first reference battery changing with the charging current when the state of charge is 0.5 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a curve of the polarization voltage of the first reference battery changing with the charging current when the state of charge is 0.6 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a curve of the polarization voltage of the first reference battery changing with the charging current when the state of charge is 0.65 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a curve of the polarization voltage of the first reference battery changing with the charging current when the state of charge is 0.7 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a curve of the polarization voltage of the first reference battery changing with the charging current when the state of charge is 0.75 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a curve of the polarization voltage of the first reference battery changing with the charging current when the state of charge is 0.8 according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution and the state of charge change according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged at the critical point of lithium evolution using the target charging current according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the negative pole polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged at the critical point of lithium evolution using the target charging current according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the polarized voltage of the negative electrode of a rechargeable battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the principle of lithium extraction during the charging process of a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of another method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the polarization voltage of a rechargeable battery in a target state of charge according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the polarization voltage of a rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged at the critical point of lithium evolution with a target charging current according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining the negative pole polarization voltage of a rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged at the critical point of lithium evolution with a target charging current provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium evolution detection device for a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of another lithium evolution detection device for a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of another lithium evolution detection device for a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another lithium evolution detection device for a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Lithium evolution is a phenomenon in which lithium ions cannot be inserted into the negative electrode in the same amount after being extracted from the positive electrode of the battery, and the lithium ions that cannot be inserted into the negative electrode of the battery obtain electrons near the negative electrode of the battery, thereby forming a simple silver-white lithium element.
  • the terminal voltage is the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery.
  • Positive voltage The voltage difference of the positive pole with respect to the reference potential.
  • the reference potential is usually provided by the reference electrode.
  • Negative voltage The voltage difference of the negative pole with respect to the reference potential.
  • Open Circuit Voltage is the terminal voltage of the battery in an open circuit state, that is, the terminal voltage when the battery reaches a steady state after not working (no current flows).
  • OCV Open Circuit Voltage
  • the open circuit voltage is determined by the battery capacity.
  • the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery is approximately equal to its open circuit voltage.
  • Positive open circuit voltage The voltage difference of the positive electrode relative to the reference potential when the battery is in an open circuit state.
  • Negative open circuit voltage The voltage difference of the negative electrode relative to the reference potential when the battery is in an open circuit state.
  • Polarization voltage is the potential difference caused by the deviation of the electrode electromotive force from the equilibrium electrode potential due to the effects of charge transfer and ion concentration difference during the working process of the battery.
  • the polarization voltage can be equal to the voltage difference between the terminal voltage and the open circuit voltage.
  • Positive polarization voltage the voltage difference between the positive terminal voltage and the positive open circuit voltage.
  • Negative polarization voltage the voltage difference between the negative terminal voltage and the negative open circuit voltage.
  • the State of Health (SOH) of the battery is the ratio of the maximum remaining capacity of the battery to the rated capacity of the battery, usually expressed as a percentage.
  • the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery is the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery to its fully charged capacity, usually expressed as a percentage.
  • the state of charge can reflect the remaining capacity of the battery.
  • the capacity of a battery is the time it takes to discharge a rechargeable battery with a specified current.
  • the unit is Ampere Hour (Ah).
  • the calculation formula for battery capacity is the integral value of current over time.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery.
  • the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery are obtained based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • Voltage and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery obtain the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery, and then obtain the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery, and then, based on the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery , To determine whether the rechargeable battery has lithium precipitation.
  • the known parameters required to obtain the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery are the state of charge, the terminal voltage and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the state of charge of the rechargeable battery reflects the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery, and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery can be obtained based on the charging current of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery represents the ratio of the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery to the polarization voltage when the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution, and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery reflects the performance of the rechargeable battery.
  • the terminal voltage is the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery.
  • the state of charge, terminal voltage, and polarization ratio are all relatively easy to obtain, and no reference electrode is required for obtaining. Therefore, compared with related technologies, the method for detecting lithium evolution of rechargeable batteries provided in the embodiments of the present application can guarantee the obtained The accuracy of the negative electrode voltage in turn ensures the accuracy of the lithium-deposition detection of the rechargeable battery.
  • the critical point of lithium evolution means that the rechargeable battery is in a critical state where lithium evolution occurs and that does not occur, that is, the state where the degree of lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery changes from zero to a positive number.
  • the scenarios involved in the method for detecting lithium evolution of rechargeable batteries may include: all scenarios where lithium batteries are used as rechargeable batteries.
  • the scenario can be electric vehicles, mobile terminals, base stations, energy storage power stations, and data center charging power supplies that are charged with lithium batteries.
  • This method can be applied to battery management systems. By deploying the method in the battery management system, the battery management system can detect the lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery by executing the method, and manage the rechargeable battery according to the detection result to ensure the safety of the rechargeable battery .
  • the scenario is an electric vehicle charged with a lithium battery as an example for description.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the entire vehicle system of an electric vehicle. As shown in Figure 1, the electric vehicle is equipped with: power battery system 01, battery management system (battery management system, BMS) 02, high-voltage power distribution box 03, off-board charging Machine (offboard charger, OFC) 04, vehicle control unit (VCU) 05, onboard charger (OBC) 06, direct current-direct current converter (DC-DC) 07. Alternating current converter (AC) 08 and engine (motor) 09.
  • the on-board charger generally refers to an AC charger
  • the off-board charger generally refers to a DC charger, that is, a charging pile.
  • the on-board charger and the off-board charger are used in combination to ensure the charging function of the electric vehicle.
  • the power battery system includes a rechargeable battery, which serves as a power source to provide energy to the vehicle to meet the driving range and power requirements of the vehicle.
  • a rechargeable battery which serves as a power source to provide energy to the vehicle to meet the driving range and power requirements of the vehicle.
  • the battery management system is used to monitor and manage the power battery system to ensure that the power battery system is within a safe and controllable state.
  • the application scenarios of the method for detecting lithium evolution of rechargeable batteries may include typical work scenarios such as battery charging, battery shelving, and working condition discharge. By performing lithium analysis detection on rechargeable batteries in the above working scenarios, it is helpful to realize the safety risk monitoring, diagnosis and prevention of rechargeable batteries.
  • the method provided in the embodiments of this application can be used to calculate the real-time negative electrode potential of the rechargeable battery, and the real-time negative electrode potential can be used to determine whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution, and if it is determined that the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution, it can be reduced.
  • the charging current keeps the rechargeable battery gradually away from the lithium-depleted state, and even turns to a safe charging state, to ensure the safety of the rechargeable battery.
  • the detection method can also be used to predict the negative electrode voltage for different charging currents to realize the lithium evolution prediction of the rechargeable battery, and formulate a charging strategy based on it to ensure charging safety on the basis of increasing the charging speed.
  • a negative electrode potential safety threshold can be set, and then the real-time negative electrode potential of the rechargeable battery can be calculated using the method provided in this embodiment of the application, and The charging current is adjusted according to the real-time negative electrode potential, so that the charging speed is increased on the basis of ensuring that the real-time negative electrode potential is always within the safety threshold.
  • the charging rate can be appropriately increased to increase the charging speed.
  • the charging rate can be appropriately reduced to improve safety.
  • the strategy for adjusting the charging current can adopt a multi-step current table control method, or a proportional integral derivative (proportion integration differentiation, PID) control method.
  • the degree of deviation of the negative electrode voltage from the reference voltage threshold can be obtained, and the severity of lithium extraction can be obtained.
  • the start and end time of lithium extraction can be predicted based on the negative electrode voltage under different charging currents, and The severity level of lithium analysis is obtained according to the severity, start time and end time of the lithium analysis, so that the battery management system maintains the battery according to the severity level, so as to improve the safety of the battery.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes:
  • Step 201 Obtain the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge, and the correspondence between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge.
  • the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge can be obtained according to the test parameters in the process of charging and discharging the reference battery.
  • the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge can be obtained according to the test parameters of the first reference battery
  • the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge can be obtained according to the test parameters of the second reference battery .
  • the implementation process is as follows:
  • Step 2011 Perform charge and discharge tests on the first reference battery and the second reference battery at a small rate, and obtain the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery based on the test parameters obtained during the charge and discharge test Relationship, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery.
  • the test parameters include: real-time charging current, real-time terminal voltage and real-time state of charge.
  • the state of charge reflects the remaining capacity of the first reference battery.
  • the state of charge can be obtained based on the current of the first reference battery.
  • the state of charge is the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery to its fully charged capacity, and the remaining capacity of the battery can be equal to the integral of current over time.
  • the terminal voltages of the first reference battery and the second reference battery at different test moments can be obtained when the first reference battery and the second reference battery are charged and discharged at a smaller rate, and the current of each battery is used for each test. Integrate at every time to obtain the battery capacity (ie the remaining capacity of the battery) of the corresponding battery at each test time. Then, according to the terminal voltage and remaining capacity of the first reference battery and the second reference battery at different test times, establish the first The corresponding relationship between the terminal voltage of the reference battery and the second reference battery and the remaining capacity.
  • the terminal voltage of the battery is approximately equal to its open circuit voltage, therefore, the terminal voltage and remaining capacity of the first reference battery established in the process
  • the corresponding relationship is the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery
  • the corresponding relationship between the terminal voltage and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery is the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery.
  • the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity can be obtained according to the average value of the corresponding test parameters during the charging and discharging process. Correspondence of capacity.
  • the first reference battery and the second reference battery can also be allowed to stand still, and the standing time can be 0-10 hours to ensure that the first reference battery and the second reference battery are fully charged. Thermal-chemical-pressure quasi-equilibrium state.
  • the curve of the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery can also be compared.
  • At least one of the curves of the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery perform mathematical processing such as curve scaling and translation, and after the mathematical processing, use incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and other technologies to correct
  • ICA incremental capacity analysis
  • the curve of the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery and the curve of the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the remaining capacity are aligned with the characteristic peaks to achieve the alignment and matching of the main characteristic points in the two curves, and then, after the matching
  • the curve of is normalized to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the state of charge.
  • the open circuit voltage and the negative open circuit voltage are also affected by temperature and battery health, it is also possible to perform operations on the first reference battery and the second reference battery at different temperatures and different battery health conditions.
  • the second reference battery By manufacturing the second reference battery and using the second reference battery to obtain the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge, it is unnecessary to add a reference electrode to the first reference battery, compared to adding a reference electrode to the rechargeable battery
  • the related technology for lithium analysis detection ensures the integrity of the first reference battery, and prevents the detection result from being affected by the unstable factors of the reference electrode, which can effectively ensure the accuracy of the detection.
  • the second reference battery is adopted in the embodiment of the present application to ensure the applicable scope of lithium evolution detection.
  • Step 2012 Obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery based on the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity, and acquire the charge based on the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the remaining capacity The corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the battery and the state of charge.
  • the state of charge of the battery is the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery to its fully charged capacity
  • the fully charged capacity of the battery can be obtained first, and then the remaining capacity and the The relationship between the state of charge, the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity is converted into the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge.
  • the cathode material of the second reference battery may be the same as the anode material of the first reference battery, and the anode voltage of the second reference battery is constant. That is, the negative electrode material of the second reference battery is a material that can maintain a stable potential.
  • the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery is approximately equal to the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the first reference battery. Therefore, according to the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage obtained by the second reference battery and the state of charge, it can be regarded as the negative electrode of the first reference battery. Correspondence between open circuit voltage and state of charge. So far, the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge can be obtained.
  • the second reference battery may be a button battery.
  • Both the cathode material of the button battery and the anode material of the first reference battery may be graphite, and the anode material of the button battery may be lithium, lithium-plated copper wire or tin-lithium alloy.
  • the positive electrode material of the button battery may be a material obtained from the negative electrode of the first reference battery after the first reference battery is disassembled.
  • the first reference battery can be emptied first to keep the negative electrode material in a safer state, and the button battery assembly process can be performed in the glove box.
  • steps 201 to 204 are the preparatory process before the lithium extraction detection, and the parameters obtained in this process are used to detect whether the rechargeable battery has lithium extraction. Therefore, each parameter obtained in the process can be said to be a reference
  • the parameters of the battery can also be said to be the parameters of the rechargeable battery.
  • the reference battery and the rechargeable battery may be batteries of the same model produced by the same manufacturer.
  • Step 202 Perform charging and discharging tests on the first reference battery by using currents of different magnifications to obtain test parameters of the first reference battery during the charging and discharging process.
  • test parameters for performing charging and discharging tests on the first reference battery using various currents so as to facilitate the analysis of the first reference battery.
  • a current of a small rate ⁇ 1/10C, C represents the rated charging current of the first reference battery
  • the acquired test parameters can be used to obtain the first reference battery’s
  • Correspondence between open circuit voltage and state of charge reflects the characteristics of the first reference battery, which is mainly related to the material of the first reference battery, and does not change with current or voltage.
  • the use of a high rate ((1 ⁇ 10)C) current based on the charge and discharge test of the first reference battery is to promote the first reference battery to undergo a certain degree of lithium precipitation, so as to facilitate the lithium precipitation of the first reference battery. Characteristics are analyzed.
  • Step 203 Based on the test parameters of the first reference battery in the charge and discharge test process, respectively obtain the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge change under different charging currents.
  • the implementation process may include:
  • Step 2031 based on the test parameters of the first reference battery during the charge-discharge test process, obtain the target voltages of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged to different states of charge with different charging currents, where the target voltage includes : Polarization voltage or terminal voltage.
  • the terminal voltage can be directly measured during the charge and discharge test process. That is, in the test parameters obtained in step 202, the terminal voltages when the first reference battery is charged to different states of charge with different charging currents can be obtained.
  • the target voltage is the polarization voltage
  • the terminal voltage corresponding to the different state of charge at each charging current can be obtained according to the test parameters obtained in step 202, and the open circuit of the first reference battery obtained in step 201 can be inquired according to the state of charge
  • the corresponding relationship between the voltage and the state of charge, the open circuit voltage corresponding to the different state of charge under each charging current is obtained, and according to the known relationship that the polarization voltage is equal to the voltage difference between the terminal voltage and the open circuit voltage, the difference under each charging current is obtained.
  • the polarization voltage corresponding to the state of charge is obtained.
  • Step 2032 filter out the correlation relationship between the charging current of the first reference battery and the corresponding target voltage in each state of charge does not meet the third target voltage and the corresponding third charging current of the specified correlation relationship.
  • the correlation between the charging current and the target voltage of the first reference battery in each state of charge can be obtained.
  • the charging current of the first reference battery and the target voltage should conform to a specified correlation relationship.
  • the correlation relationship between the charging current of the first reference battery and the target voltage in each state of charge, and the corresponding specified correlation relationship it is possible to filter out the first in each state of charge that does not meet the specified correlation relationship.
  • the dotted lines in FIGS. 5 to 11 respectively indicate the specified correlation relationship that the charging current and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery satisfy when the lithium is not separated under the corresponding state of charge.
  • the specified correlation relationship may be a relationship that takes into account the influence of the Arrhenius effect of temperature on the voltage. Since the correlation between the charging current of the first reference battery and the corresponding target voltage is obtained according to the test parameters, and the Arrhenius effect of temperature during the test will affect the target voltage, that is, the first reference battery The correlation between the charging current and the corresponding target voltage also takes into account the Arrhenius effect of temperature. Therefore, when the specified correlation relationship takes the Arrhenius effect of temperature into account, by filtering the third target voltage and the corresponding third charging current according to the specified correlation relationship, the third target voltage and the corresponding The accuracy of the third charging current.
  • Step 2033 Obtain the fourth target voltage corresponding to each third charging current in each state of charge according to the specified correlation relationship.
  • the fourth target voltage corresponding to the third charging current according to the specified correlation relationship can be obtained according to the filtered third charging current and the specified correlation relationship.
  • the third charging current can be obtained according to the specified correlation relationship
  • the corresponding fourth target voltage is a ⁇ c+b.
  • the point on the dashed line segment that does not overlap the solid line represents the fourth target voltage corresponding to the third charging current according to the specified correlation relationship.
  • Step 2034 Obtain the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution and the state of charge change under different charging currents, wherein, at any charging current, the degree of lithium evolution corresponding to any state of charge is based on any charge under any state of charge.
  • the fourth target voltage corresponding to the current is obtained from the third target voltage when using any charging current to charge the first reference battery to any state of charge.
  • the degree of lithium evolution corresponding to any state of charge may be equal to the fourth target voltage corresponding to any charging current under any state of charge, which is different from adopting any charging current.
  • the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium extraction and the state of charge change can be obtained according to the statistics of different charging currents.
  • the critical point of lithium evolution means that the rechargeable battery is in a critical state where lithium evolution occurs and that does not occur, that is, the state where the degree of lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery changes from zero to a positive number.
  • the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium dissociation and the state of charge change is also instructive during the charging process.
  • the critical point of lithium evolution when charging with the charging current can be obtained according to the corresponding relationship.
  • the charging current can be used to charge to ensure the charging speed.
  • the state of charge of the rechargeable battery reaches the state of charge corresponding to the critical point of lithium evolution, the charging can be reduced. Electric current to avoid lithium evolution.
  • Step 204 based on the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, the correspondence between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and the degree of lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery varies with the state of charge Correspondence, obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery indicates the ratio of the polarization voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery to the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the first reference battery may be used to calibrate the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery in advance, so that the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery can be used directly in the process of detecting lithium evolution.
  • the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and the correspondence between the degree of lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge change Both apply to the first reference battery.
  • the implementation process of this step 204 will be described. As shown in FIG. 13, the implementation process of this step 204 may include:
  • Step 2041 based on the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution of the first reference battery and the state of charge change, obtain the target state of charge of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the critical point of lithium evolution of the first reference battery means that the first reference battery is in a critical state where lithium evolution occurs and that does not occur. That is, the critical point of lithium evolution is the degree of lithium evolution of the first reference battery from zero to a positive number. state. Therefore, according to the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution and the state of charge changes under different charging currents obtained in step 2034, it can be obtained that the target charging current is used to charge the first reference battery, and the target of the first reference battery at the critical point of lithium evolution State of charge.
  • Step 2042 based on the target state of charge of the first reference battery, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery, obtain that the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical level of lithium evolution Point the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the implementation process of this step 2042 includes:
  • Step 2042a Obtain the terminal voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the terminal voltage of the first reference battery can be obtained when the target charging current is used to charge to the state of charge of the first reference battery.
  • Step 2042b Based on the target state of charge of the first reference battery, query the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge to obtain the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the target state of charge.
  • the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge reflects the characteristics of the first reference battery, it will not change with the current or voltage. Therefore, when obtaining the target state of charge of the first reference battery Afterwards, the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of the first reference battery can be queried according to the target state of charge, so as to obtain the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery under the target state of charge.
  • Step 2042c Obtain the polarization voltage of the first reference battery based on the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the terminal voltage of the first reference battery, and the second reference relationship.
  • the second reference relationship refers to the relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the terminal voltage of the first reference battery, and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery, that is, the polarization voltage of the first reference battery is equal to the first reference The voltage difference between the terminal voltage of the battery and the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery. After obtaining the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the terminal voltage of the first reference battery, the polarization voltage of the first reference battery can be obtained according to the second reference relationship.
  • the terminal voltage of the first reference battery is 4.0 volts (V)
  • the target state of charge of the first reference battery is 0.58.
  • the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the target state of charge is 3.74V
  • the terminal voltage, open circuit open circuit
  • Step 2043 Based on the target state of charge of the first reference battery, and the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery, obtain that the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is in lithium-exhaustion. The negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery at the critical point.
  • the implementation process of this step 2043 includes:
  • Step 2043a Obtain the negative electrode voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the negative electrode voltage of the battery is 0 mV
  • the negative voltage of the first reference battery is 0 mV when the target charging current is used to charge at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • Step 2043b Based on the target state of charge of the first reference battery, query the correspondence between the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge to obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the target state of charge.
  • the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge reflects the characteristics of the first reference battery, it will not change with the current or voltage. Therefore, when obtaining the target charge of the first reference battery After the state, the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge can be queried according to the target state of charge to obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery in the target state of charge.
  • Step 2043c based on the negative open-circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the negative voltage of the first reference battery, and the third reference relationship, obtain the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the third reference relationship refers to the relationship between the negative open-circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the negative voltage of the first reference battery, and the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery, that is, the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery is equal to The voltage difference between the negative electrode voltage of the first reference battery and the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the negative electrode voltage of the first reference battery is 0 mV
  • the target state of charge of the first reference battery is 0.58.
  • the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery corresponding to the target state of charge is 109.9mV
  • the polarization voltage of the battery is equal to the sum of the negative polarization voltage and the positive polarization voltage, after obtaining the polarization voltage of the first reference battery and the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery, the first reference battery can be further obtained. Refer to the positive polarization voltage of the battery. Therefore, according to the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the positive polarization voltage and the negative planned voltage of the first reference battery can be obtained respectively, and the decomposition of the positive polarization voltage and the negative polarization voltage can be realized.
  • the method for decomposing the positive pole polarization voltage and the negative pole polarization voltage is relatively simple and reliable.
  • the BMS is used to implement the lithium evolution detection method of the rechargeable battery provided in the embodiment of the present application, there is no need to modify the hardware of the existing BMS.
  • the structure is easy to be embedded in deployment, can support the development of many functions of BMS, and has a wide range of application prospects.
  • the decomposition process of the positive pole polarization voltage and the negative pole polarization voltage can be implemented during the uncharged process of the rechargeable battery or during the charging process of the rechargeable battery, which can support a variety of two application scenarios.
  • the method of decomposing the positive and negative polarization voltages can also be used for the development of other functions of BMS, such as the formulation of fast charging strategies, the positioning of the root causes of battery aging, and the qualitative analysis of the polarization of the positive and negative parts of the battery.
  • the impedance changes with aging, etc., have important application value and space.
  • Step 2044 Obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery based on the polarization voltage of the negative electrode of the first reference battery and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery is the ratio of the polarization voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery to the polarization voltage when the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution. Therefore, it can be obtained that the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery is equal to the ratio of the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery to the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • multiple charging currents can be used to obtain multiple polarization ratios according to the above steps 2041 to 2044, and the rechargeable battery can be obtained according to the multiple polarization ratios.
  • the polarization ratio For example, the average value of multiple polarization ratios can be used as the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, or the weighted sum of multiple polarization ratios can be used as the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the application. .
  • Step 205 Obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the current state of charge of the rechargeable battery can be obtained first, and according to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, the open circuit voltage and charge of the rechargeable battery in the state of charge of the rechargeable battery are obtained.
  • the negative open circuit voltage of the battery is obtained.
  • the state of charge of the rechargeable battery can be obtained based on the charging current of the rechargeable battery. For example, you can calculate the integral of the charging current to the charging time to obtain the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery, and obtain the capacity when the rechargeable battery is fully charged, and use the ratio of the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery to the capacity when the rechargeable battery is fully charged as the rechargeable battery's State of charge.
  • the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge reflects the characteristics of the rechargeable battery, it will not change with the current or voltage. Therefore, after obtaining the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, you can The state of charge of the battery queries the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge to obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery in the state of charge of the rechargeable battery. Similarly, the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge can be inquired according to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery to obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery in the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • Step 206 Obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the implementation process of this step 206 may include:
  • Step 2061 based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery can be obtained according to the first reference relationship .
  • Step 2062 based on the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery represents the ratio of the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery to the polarization voltage when the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution, it can be obtained that the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery should be equal to the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and The product of the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • Step 207 Obtain the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the negative electrode polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the charge can be obtained according to the fourth reference relationship.
  • the negative voltage of the battery may be: the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery is equal to the difference between the negative pole voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery. Therefore, the negative pole voltage of the rechargeable battery is equal to the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the charge The sum of the polarized voltages of the negative pole of the battery.
  • steps 205 to 207 can be implemented by a lithium evolution model, which satisfies:
  • I is the charging current of the rechargeable battery
  • t is the charging time of the rechargeable battery
  • Q is the amount of electricity when the rechargeable battery is fully charged
  • SOC is the state of charge of the rechargeable battery after the charging current I is used to charge the rechargeable battery for t
  • V neg (SOC) is the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery under SOC
  • OCV neg (SOC) is the negative open circuit voltage corresponding to SOC
  • V p,neg (SOC) is the negative electrode polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery under SOC
  • ⁇ is the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • Polarization ratio V cell is the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery
  • OCV cell (SOC) is the open circuit voltage corresponding to SOC.
  • the lithium analysis model is an expression when the open circuit voltage and the negative open circuit voltage are affected by the state of charge.
  • the open circuit voltage and the negative open circuit voltage are also affected by factors such as the health and temperature of the rechargeable battery
  • the open circuit voltage and The negative open circuit voltage should be an expression about factors such as state of charge, state of health, and temperature.
  • the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge obtained in step 201 should be the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge, state of health, temperature and other factors
  • the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage and the state of charge should be The corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage and the state of charge, state of health, temperature and other factors.
  • the parameter that needs to be calibrated in the lithium analysis model is the polarization ratio, which is compared with the need to calibrate the various physical parameters and electrochemical parameters in the electrochemical mechanism model (such as electrode porosity, electrode initial insertion amount, and Electrode solid phase diffusion coefficient and other parameters) related to lithium precipitation detection technology, the lithium precipitation model requires fewer parameters to be calibrated, which effectively reduces the implementation difficulty of lithium precipitation detection.
  • Step 208 Based on the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery, it is determined whether the rechargeable battery undergoes lithium evolution.
  • an implementation manner of determining whether lithium evolution occurs in the rechargeable battery may include: when the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery is less than a reference voltage threshold, judging that the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the principle of lithium evolution in a rechargeable battery using lithium metal for the positive electrode and graphite for the negative electrode during the charging process.
  • curve a is the potential of the negative electrode relative to lithium metal when the rechargeable battery does not undergo lithium evolution and only the polarization effect occurs
  • curve b is the potential of the negative electrode relative to lithium metal when the rechargeable battery generating part analyzes lithium
  • Curve c shows the 100% lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery, that is, all the lithium ions from the positive electrode are produced in the negative electrode.
  • the potential of the negative electrode relative to lithium metal When no lithium ions are inserted into the graphite, the potential of the negative electrode relative to lithium metal, and the curve d is the negative electrode relative to lithium during normal charging. The potential of the metal.
  • the reference voltage threshold is the critical value of the negative electrode voltage when lithium evolution occurs and when lithium evolution does not occur in the rechargeable battery.
  • the value of the reference voltage threshold can be obtained according to the parameters of the rechargeable battery. For example, according to the battery chemistry and battery structure of the rechargeable battery, it can be obtained that the value of the reference voltage threshold can be 0.
  • the battery chemistry can be characterized by the battery's positive electrode material, negative electrode material, and electrolyte material
  • the battery structure can be characterized by the battery's material characteristics, porosity, and lithium metal nucleation kinetics.
  • the lithium evolution detection method for rechargeable batteries obtains the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and then based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery,
  • the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery are used to obtain the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery, and then based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery, the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained, and then based on the charge
  • the negative electrode voltage of the battery determines whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • the method for detecting the lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery provided in the embodiments of the present application can ensure the accuracy of the obtained negative electrode voltage, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the lithium evolution detection of the rechargeable battery.
  • parameters such as the state of charge, terminal voltage, and polarization ratio required for detecting lithium evolution are relatively easy to obtain, making the method for detecting lithium evolution easier to implement.
  • the data required to detect and analyze lithium are all data that can be collected by the existing battery management system. It has no additional requirements for sensors such as current and voltage, and can be easily deployed in the battery management system without increasing hardware costs. Good applicability.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of another method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 18, the method includes:
  • Step 1801 Obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge.
  • the implementation process of this step 1801 may include: obtaining the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery based on the charge and discharge test performed on the first reference battery, based on the first reference battery The corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the remaining capacity of the rechargeable battery is obtained, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the realization process please refer to the realization process of obtaining the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge in step 201.
  • Step 1802 based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery, respectively obtain at least two sets of charging parameters of the rechargeable battery in the same target state of charge, and each set of charging parameters includes: the charging current and the target voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the target voltage includes: Polarization voltage or terminal voltage.
  • the two charging processes may both be historical charging processes of the rechargeable battery. That is, at least two sets of charging parameters are historical charging parameters of the rechargeable battery. At this time, according to the at least two sets of charging parameters, it can be detected whether the rechargeable battery has undergone lithium evolution during the historical charging process. By detecting whether the rechargeable battery has undergone lithium evolution, the aging assessment and safety risk prediction of the rechargeable battery can be carried out, so as to make specific recommendations for the use of the rechargeable battery, thereby improving the safety of the use of the rechargeable battery.
  • one of the two charging processes is the current charging process of the rechargeable battery.
  • the at least two sets of charging parameters may include at least one set of charging parameters for charging the rechargeable battery to the target state of charge while the rechargeable battery is currently being charged.
  • it can be detected whether the rechargeable battery is currently being charged with lithium evolution.
  • the charging strategy can be improved according to the detection result to improve the charging safety of the rechargeable battery.
  • the implementation process of step 1802 may include: based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery, respectively obtaining the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge.
  • the implementation process of this step 1802 may include:
  • Step 1802a based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery, respectively obtain the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge.
  • Step 1802b Obtain a target open circuit voltage corresponding to the target state of charge based on the target state of charge and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery can be queried according to the target state of charge Correspondence with the state of charge of the rechargeable battery to obtain the target open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge.
  • Step 1802c Obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge during the at least two charging processes based on the terminal voltage and the target open circuit voltage obtained during the at least two charging processes, respectively.
  • the reference relationship between the open circuit voltage, polarization voltage and terminal voltage of a rechargeable battery can be: the polarization voltage is equal to the terminal voltage and the open circuit voltage. Difference. Therefore, after obtaining the terminal voltage and the target open circuit voltage, the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery can be obtained according to the reference relationship.
  • Step 1803 Obtain the correlation between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge based on at least two sets of charging parameters.
  • Step 1804 When the correlation relationship between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge does not meet the specified correlation relationship, it is determined that the rechargeable battery is depleted of lithium during the charging process.
  • the specified correlation relationship may be obtained based on the target voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge and the charging current less than the reference current threshold in the historical charging process.
  • the standard for obtaining the reference current threshold is: in the historical charging process, when the rechargeable battery is charged to the target state of charge with a charging current smaller than the reference current threshold, the rechargeable battery does not undergo lithium evolution.
  • the specified correlation relationship obtained according to it is the correlation relationship satisfied by the target voltage and the charging current when the rechargeable battery does not undergo lithium evolution. Therefore, when the correlation relationship does not meet the specified correlation relationship, it can be considered that the rechargeable battery is in Lithium evolution occurs during the charging process, that is, it can effectively detect whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • the specified correlation relationship obtained in this way is the correlation relationship that the rechargeable battery does not resolve lithium in the actual charging state of the rechargeable battery, and the accuracy of lithium precipitation can be further ensured when the specified correlation relationship is used to detect whether lithium is precipitated.
  • the reference current threshold can also be obtained based on experience or big data.
  • the reference current threshold may be a current with a small rate.
  • the reference current threshold may be a current less than 1/10C.
  • the specified correlation relationship may be a relationship that takes into account the influence of the Arrhenius effect of temperature on the voltage. Since the correlation between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge is obtained according to the actual charging process, and the Arrhenius effect of the temperature during the actual charging process will affect the target voltage, that is, in the target state of charge The correlation between the target voltage and the charging current also takes into account the Arrhenius effect of temperature. Therefore, when the specified correlation relationship considers the Arrhenius effect of temperature, by detecting whether the rechargeable battery undergoes lithium evolution during the charging process according to the specified correlation relationship, the accuracy of the detection can be effectively ensured.
  • the lithium evolution detection method for rechargeable batteries obtains at least two sets of charging parameters of the rechargeable battery under the same target state of charge through at least two charging processes based on the rechargeable battery, based on at least Two sets of charging parameters are used to obtain the correlation relationship between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge, and when the correlation relationship does not meet the specified correlation relationship, it is determined that the rechargeable battery is degraded during the charging process.
  • each group of charging parameters includes: the charging current of the rechargeable battery and the target voltage
  • the target voltage includes: the polarization voltage or the terminal voltage.
  • the method for detecting lithium of a rechargeable battery provided in the embodiments of the present application can guarantee the acquisition compared with related technologies.
  • the accuracy of the voltage of the negative electrode of the battery thereby ensuring the accuracy of the lithium-deposition detection of the rechargeable battery.
  • parameters such as the state of charge, terminal voltage, and polarization ratio required for detecting lithium evolution are relatively easy to obtain, making the method for detecting lithium evolution easier to implement.
  • the data required to detect and analyze lithium are all data that can be collected by the existing battery management system. It has no additional requirements for sensors such as current and voltage, and can be easily deployed in the battery management system without increasing hardware costs. Good applicability.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery. As shown in FIG. 20, the method includes:
  • Step 2001 Obtain the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge, and the correspondence between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge.
  • the implementation process of this step 2001 can refer to the implementation process of step 201 accordingly.
  • Step 2002 Perform charging and discharging tests on the rechargeable battery using currents of different magnifications to obtain test parameters of the rechargeable battery during the charging and discharging process.
  • the implementation process of this step 2002 can refer to the implementation process of step 202 accordingly.
  • Step 2003 based on the test parameters of the rechargeable battery during the charging and discharging process, respectively obtain the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge change under different charging currents.
  • the implementation process of this step 2003 can refer to the implementation process of step 203 accordingly.
  • Step 2004 Based on the corresponding relationship between the degree of lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge change, obtain the target state of charge of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the implementation process of this step 2004 may refer to the implementation process of step 2041 accordingly.
  • Step 2005 Based on the target state of charge of the rechargeable battery and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution .
  • the implementation process of this step 2005 can refer to the implementation process of step 2042 accordingly.
  • the implementation process of this step 2005 includes:
  • Step 2005a Obtain the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the implementation process of this step 2005a can refer to the implementation process of step 2042a accordingly.
  • Step 2005b Based on the target state of charge of the rechargeable battery, query the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge to obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the target state of charge.
  • the implementation process of this step 2005b may refer to the implementation process of step 2042b accordingly.
  • Step 2005c Obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the first reference relationship.
  • the first reference relationship is the relationship between the open circuit voltage, terminal voltage and polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the implementation process of step 2005c can refer to the implementation process of step 2042c accordingly.
  • Step 2006 Based on the target state of charge of the rechargeable battery and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery uses the target charging current to charge at the critical point of lithium evolution Polarization voltage.
  • the implementation process of this step 2006 please refer to the implementation process of step 2043 accordingly.
  • the implementation process of this step 2006 includes:
  • Step 2006a Obtain the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the implementation process of this step 2006a can refer to the implementation process of step 2043a accordingly.
  • Step 2006b based on the target state of charge of the rechargeable battery, query the correspondence between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge to obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the target state of charge.
  • the implementation process of this step 2006a can refer to the implementation process of step 2043a accordingly.
  • Step 2006c based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the fourth reference relationship, obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the fourth reference relationship is the relationship between the negative open-circuit voltage, the negative polarized voltage, and the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the implementation process of step 2006a can refer to the implementation process of step 2043a accordingly.
  • Step 2007 Obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery based on the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery is the ratio of the polarization voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery to the polarization voltage when the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution. Therefore, it can be obtained that the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery is equal to the ratio of the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery to the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • multiple charging currents can be used to obtain multiple polarization ratios according to the above steps 2004 to 2007, and the rechargeable battery can be obtained according to the multiple polarization ratios.
  • the polarization ratio For example, the average value of multiple polarization ratios can be used as the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, or the weighted sum of multiple polarization ratios can be used as the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the application. .
  • the embodiments of the present application are based on obtaining the open circuit voltage, polarization voltage, negative open circuit voltage, and negative polarization voltage of a rechargeable battery by querying the correspondence relationship as an example to illustrate the method provided in the embodiments of the present application. It is not used to limit the implementation of obtaining the open circuit voltage, polarization voltage, negative open circuit voltage, and negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the open circuit voltage, polarization voltage, negative open circuit voltage, and negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery can also be obtained through voltage measurement.
  • the method for obtaining the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery is based on The negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery can obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, which provides an easier way to obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery By obtaining the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, it is easy to analyze the rechargeable battery according to the polarization ratio. For example, when the rechargeable battery is aging, the contribution rate of the internal resistance of the positive electrode and the internal resistance of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery to the aging can be analyzed according to the polarization ratio. Alternatively, the maximum charging current that can be used by the rechargeable battery under the premise of safe charging can be estimated based on the polarization ratio. Alternatively, the maximum charging current that can be used by the rechargeable battery in a certain state of charge under the premise of safe charging can also be estimated according to the polarization ratio.
  • step 201 and step 202 can be performed as needed. Adjustment. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of a method of change within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be covered by the protection scope of this application, and therefore will not be repeated.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a lithium evolution detection device for a rechargeable battery.
  • the lithium evolution detection device 30 for a rechargeable battery includes:
  • the first obtaining module 301 is configured to obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the second obtaining module 302 is used to obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery indicates that the rechargeable battery is in the critical lithium evolution At this point, the ratio of the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery to the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the third acquisition module 303 is configured to acquire the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the judging module 304 is used for judging whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution based on the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the judging module 304 is specifically configured to: when the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery is less than the reference voltage threshold, judge that the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • the second obtaining module 302 is specifically configured to: obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery, and a first reference relationship, where the first reference relationship is the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery The relationship between the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the lithium evolution detection device 30 of the rechargeable battery further includes:
  • the fourth acquisition module 305 is configured to acquire the polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the fifth acquiring module 306 is configured to acquire the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the sixth obtaining module 307 is configured to obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery based on the negative polarization voltage of the first reference battery and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the fourth obtaining module 305 is specifically configured to: obtain the state of charge of the first reference battery and the terminal voltage of the first reference battery when the charging of the first reference battery using the target charging current is at the critical point of lithium evolution; A reference battery's state of charge, query the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery to obtain the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery; based on the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the first reference The terminal voltage of the battery and the second reference relationship are used to obtain the polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the second reference relationship is the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, the terminal voltage of the first reference battery, and the polarization voltage of the first reference battery. Relationship between.
  • the fifth obtaining module 306 is specifically configured to obtain the state of charge of the first reference battery and the negative electrode voltage of the first reference battery when the first reference battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution;
  • a reference to the state of charge of the battery query the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the state of charge of the first reference battery to obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery; based on the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery,
  • the negative pole voltage of the first reference battery and the third reference relationship are used to obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the first reference battery.
  • the third reference relationship is the negative pole voltage of the first reference battery, the negative open circuit voltage of the first reference battery, and the first reference battery. The relationship between the polarization voltage of the negative pole.
  • the first acquiring module 301 is specifically configured to: based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, query the correspondence between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery to obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; State of charge, query the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the lithium evolution detection device 30 of the rechargeable battery further includes:
  • the seventh obtaining module 308 is configured to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery based on the charge and discharge test performed on the first reference battery, based on the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the first reference battery A corresponding relationship between the remaining capacity of the battery is referred to, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained. and / or,
  • the seventh obtaining module 308 is configured to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the remaining capacity of the second reference battery based on the charge and discharge test performed on the second reference battery, based on the open circuit voltage of the second reference battery and the second reference battery 2. Refer to the corresponding relationship of the remaining capacity of the battery to obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the positive electrode material of the second reference battery is the same as the negative electrode material of the first reference battery, and the second reference battery The negative pole voltage is constant.
  • the lithium evolution detection device for rechargeable batteries obtains the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery through the first acquisition module based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and the second acquisition module Based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the third acquisition module is based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery to obtain The negative voltage of the rechargeable battery, the judging module determines whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution based on the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the method for detecting the lithium evolution of the rechargeable battery provided in the embodiments of the present application can ensure the accuracy of the obtained negative electrode voltage, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the lithium evolution detection of the rechargeable battery.
  • parameters such as the state of charge, terminal voltage, and polarization ratio required for detecting lithium evolution are relatively easy to obtain, making the method for detecting lithium evolution easier to implement.
  • the data required to detect and analyze lithium are all data that can be collected by the existing battery management system. It has no additional requirements for sensors such as current and voltage, and can be easily deployed in the battery management system without increasing hardware costs. Good applicability.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides another lithium-depletion detection device for rechargeable batteries.
  • the lithium-depletion detection device 40 of the rechargeable battery includes:
  • the first acquiring module 401 is configured to acquire at least two sets of charging parameters of the rechargeable battery in the same target state of charge based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery, and each set of charging parameters includes: the charging current of the rechargeable battery and the rechargeable battery
  • the target voltage, the target voltage includes: polarization voltage or terminal voltage.
  • the second acquisition module 402 is configured to acquire the correlation between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge based on at least two sets of charging parameters.
  • the judging module 403 is used for judging that when the correlation relationship does not meet the specified correlation relationship, the rechargeable battery undergoes lithium evolution during the charging process.
  • the first obtaining module 401 is specifically configured to: obtain the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery; State, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain the target open circuit voltage corresponding to the target state of charge; obtain at least two values based on the terminal voltage and the target open circuit voltage obtained during at least two charging processes, respectively The polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge during the secondary charge.
  • the lithium evolution detection device 40 of the rechargeable battery further includes:
  • the third acquiring module 404 is configured to acquire the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the remaining capacity of the first reference battery based on the charge and discharge test performed on the first reference battery; based on the open circuit voltage of the first reference battery and the first reference battery A corresponding relationship between the remaining capacity of the battery is referred to, and the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the specified correlation relationship is obtained based on the target voltage of the rechargeable battery in the target state of charge and the charging current less than the reference current threshold in the historical charging process.
  • the at least two sets of charging parameters include at least one set of charging parameters for charging the rechargeable battery to a target state of charge while the rechargeable battery is currently being charged.
  • the lithium evolution detection device for rechargeable batteries obtains at least two sets of charging of the rechargeable battery under the same target state of charge through the first acquisition module based on at least two charging processes of the rechargeable battery.
  • the second acquiring module acquires the correlation between the target voltage and the charging current in the target state of charge
  • the judging module determines that the rechargeable battery is in the charging process when the correlation does not meet the specified correlation.
  • Lithium evolution occurs in the process.
  • each group of charging parameters includes: the charging current of the rechargeable battery and the target voltage
  • the target voltage includes: the polarization voltage or the terminal voltage.
  • the method for detecting lithium of a rechargeable battery provided in the embodiments of the present application can guarantee the acquisition compared with related technologies.
  • the accuracy of the voltage of the negative electrode of the battery thereby ensuring the accuracy of the lithium-deposition detection of the rechargeable battery.
  • parameters such as the state of charge, terminal voltage, and polarization ratio required for detecting lithium evolution are relatively easy to obtain, making the method for detecting lithium evolution easier to implement.
  • the data required to detect and analyze lithium are all data that can be collected by the existing battery management system. It has no additional requirements for sensors such as current and voltage, and can be easily deployed in the battery management system without increasing hardware costs. Good applicability.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a device for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery.
  • the device 50 for obtaining the polarization ratio of a rechargeable battery includes:
  • the first obtaining module 501 is configured to obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the second obtaining module 502 is used to obtain the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current and is at the critical point of lithium evolution.
  • the third obtaining module 503 is configured to obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery based on the polarization voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the first obtaining module 501 is specifically configured to: obtain the state of charge of the rechargeable battery and the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery when the charging of the rechargeable battery using the target charging current is at the critical point of lithium evolution; based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, Obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; obtain the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery based on the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the first obtaining module 501 is specifically configured to: obtain the corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery; and query the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the charge state of the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery. Correspondence of the electric state, the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the second acquiring module 502 is specifically configured to: acquire the state of charge of the rechargeable battery and the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery when the target charging current is used to charge the rechargeable battery and the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, Obtain the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative voltage of the rechargeable battery, obtain the negative polarized voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the second obtaining module 502 is specifically used to: obtain the corresponding relationship between the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the state of charge of the rechargeable battery; query the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the rechargeable battery based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery The corresponding relationship of the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained, and the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery corresponding to the state of charge of the rechargeable battery is obtained.
  • the device for obtaining the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery obtained in the embodiments of the present application obtains the polarization voltage and the negative electrode polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery is charged with the target charging current at the critical point of lithium evolution, and is based on The negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery can obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery, which provides an easier way to obtain the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer device.
  • the computer device 600 includes a processor 610, a communication interface 620, a memory 630, and a bus 640.
  • the processor 610, the communication interface 620, and the memory 630 are connected to each other through a bus 640.
  • the bus 640 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and so on. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in FIG. 28 to represent it, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the memory 630 may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), and electrically available Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM), flash memory (flash memory), hard disk (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD).
  • the volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory double data date SDRAM, DDR SDRAM
  • enhanced SDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SLDRAM synchronous connection dynamic random access memory
  • direct rambus RAM direct rambus RAM
  • the processor 610 may be a hardware chip, which is used to complete the method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or a combination thereof.
  • the above-mentioned PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL) or any combination thereof.
  • the processor 610 may also be a general-purpose processor, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (network processor, NP), or a combination of a CPU and NP.
  • the memory 630 is used to store program instructions, and the processor 610 calls the program instructions stored in the memory 630 to execute one or more steps in the method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided in the embodiment of the present application, or may be The selected implementation mode enables the computer device 600 to implement the method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the processor 610 calls the program instructions stored in the memory 620, and the computer device 600 can perform the following steps: based on the state of charge of the rechargeable battery, obtain the open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery and the negative open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery; based on the open circuit of the rechargeable battery The voltage, the terminal voltage of the rechargeable battery and the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery are used to obtain the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery.
  • the polarization ratio of the rechargeable battery indicates that when the rechargeable battery is at the critical point of lithium evolution, the negative polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery accounts for the rechargeable battery
  • the ratio of the polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery; the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery is obtained based on the open circuit voltage of the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the negative pole polarization voltage of the rechargeable battery; the negative electrode voltage of the rechargeable battery is used to determine whether the rechargeable battery has lithium evolution.
  • the computer device 600 executes the computer instructions in the memory 620, and the implementation process of executing this step may refer to the corresponding description in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the communication interface 630 can implement a communication connection with other devices.
  • the communication interface 630 may be any one or any combination of the following devices: a network interface (such as an Ethernet interface), a wireless network card, and other devices with a network access function.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.
  • the computer is used for Implement the lithium evolution detection method for rechargeable batteries provided in this application.
  • the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, volatile memory, such as random access memory, non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), and solid state drive (SSD).
  • This application also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes computer instructions. When executed by a computer device, the computer device executes the method for detecting lithium evolution of a rechargeable battery provided in this application.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a chip, which includes a programmable logic circuit and/or program instructions, and is used to implement the task scheduling method provided in the above-mentioned aspect when the chip is running.
  • the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • the term “at least one” refers to one or more, and the term “plurality” refers to two or more, unless expressly defined otherwise.

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Abstract

一种析锂检测方法及装置、极化比例的获取方法及装置，属于充电电池技术领域。该方法包括：基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压（205）；基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压（206），充电电池的极化比例表示充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占充电电池的极化电压的比例；基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压（207）；基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂（208）。该方法提高了析锂检测的准确性。

Description

析锂检测方法及装置、极化比例的获取方法及装置 技术领域
本申请涉及充电电池技术领域，特别涉及一种析锂检测方法及装置、极化比例的获取方法及装置。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的发展，越来越多的用户使用电动汽车出行，而电动汽车的电池安全也受到了越来越多的关注。其中，电动汽车的充电电池析锂是影响电池安全的一个重要因素，因此，对充电电池进行析锂诊断及预防成为了一项重要的技术工作。
相关技术中，可以将充电电池改造为具有正极、负极和参考电极的电池，然后在充电过程中测量负极相对于参考电极的电位，再根据负极相对参考电极的电位判断充电电池是否发生析锂。其中，若负极相对参考电极的电位在充电过程中出现三个大于0V的电势平台后，还出现约为0V的电势平台，则确定充电电池析锂。
但是，参考电极的材料及其在充电电池中的位置等因素，均会影响测量得到的负极相对于参考电极的电位的准确性，导致析锂检测结果的准确性较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种析锂检测方法及装置、极化比例的获取方法及装置，可以提高析锂检测的准确性。
一方面，本申请提供一种充电电池的析锂检测方法，该方法包括：基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压；
基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，充电电池的极化比例表示充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占充电电池的极化电压的比例；
基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压；
基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。
通过基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压，然后基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，再基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压，然后，基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。由于获取充电电池的负极电压所需的已知参数为充电电池的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例，且荷电状态、端电压和极化比例均较容易获取，且获取时无需使用参考电极，因此，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法相较于相关技术，能够保证获取的负极电压的准确性，进而保证对充电电池进行析锂检测的准确性。
并且，检测析锂所需的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例等参数均较容易获取，使得该析锂检测方法较容易实施。同时，检测析锂所需的数据均为现有电池管理系统能够采集的数据， 其对电流和电压等传感器没有额外的要求，能够方便地部署在电池管理系统中，无需增加硬件成本，具有较好的适用性。
在一种可实现方式中，基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂，包括：当充电电池的负极电压小于参考电压阈值时，判断充电电池发生析锂。
可选的，基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，包括：基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和第一参考关系，获取充电电池的极化电压，第一参考关系为充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化电压之间的关系；基于充电电池的极化电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
为了得到充电电池的负极极化电压，可以预先标定该充电电池的极化比例。可选的，在基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压之前，方法还包括：获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的极化电压；获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的负极极化电压；基于第一参考电池的负极极化电压和第一参考电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
需要说明的是，为保证充电电池的极化比例的准确性，可以分别采用多个充电电流标定多个极化比例，并根据该多个极化比例确定该充电电池的极化比例。例如，可以将多个极化比例的平均值作为充电电池的极化比例，或者，可以将多个极化比例的加权和作为充电电池的极化比例，本申请实施例对其不做具体限定。
在一种可实现方式中，获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的极化电压，包括：获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的荷电状态和第一参考电池的端电压；基于第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与第一参考电池的荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的开路电压；基于第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的端电压和第二参考关系，获取第一参考电池的极化电压，第二参考关系为第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的端电压和第一参考电池的极化电压之间的关系。
在一种可实现方式中，获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的第一参考电池的负极极化电压，包括：获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的荷电状态和第一参考电池的负极电压；基于第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的负极开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与第一参考电池的荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的负极开路电压；基于第一参考电池的负极开路电压、第一参考电池的负极电压和第三参考关系，获取第一参考电池的负极极化电压，第三参考关系为第一参考电池的负极电压、第一参考电池的负极开路电压和第一参考电池的负极极化电压之间的关系。
由于充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系反映的是充电电池的自身特性，其不会跟随电流或电压等发生改变，因此，基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压，包括：基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到充电电池的开路电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到充电电池的负极开路电压。
可选的，在基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压之前，方法还包括：基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；和/或，基于对第二参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第二参考电池的开路电压与第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于第二参考电池的开路电压与第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，第二参考电池的正极材料与第一参考电池的负极材料相同，且第二参考电池的负极电压恒定。
另一方面，本申请提供一种充电电池的析锂检测装置，该装置包括：第一获取模块，用于基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压；第二获取模块，用于基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，充电电池的极化比例表示充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占充电电池的极化电压的比例；第三获取模块，用于基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压；判断模块，用于基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。
可选的，判断模块，具体用于：当充电电池的负极电压小于参考电压阈值时，判断充电电池发生析锂。
可选的，第二获取模块，具体用于：基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和第一参考关系，获取充电电池的极化电压，第一参考关系为充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化电压之间的关系；基于充电电池的极化电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
可选的，该装置还包括：第四获取模块，用于获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的极化电压；第五获取模块，用于获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的负极极化电压；第六获取模块，用于基于第一参考电池的负极极化电压和第一参考电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
可选的，第四获取模块，具体用于：获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的荷电状态和第一参考电池的端电压；基于第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与第一参考电池的荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的开路电压；基于第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的端电压和第二参考关系，获取第一参考电池的极化电压，第二参考关系为第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的端电压和第一参考电池的极化电压之间的关系。
可选的，第五获取模块，具体用于：获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的荷电状态和第一参考电池的负极电压；基于第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的负极开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与第一参考电池的荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的负极开路电压；基于第一参考电池的负极开路电压、第一参考电池的负极电压和第三参考关系，获取第一参考电池的负极极化电压，第三参考关系为第一参考电池的负极电压、第一参考电池的负极开路电压和第一参考电池的负极极化电压之间的关系。
可选的，第一获取模块，具体用于：基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的开路电 压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到充电电池的开路电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到充电电池的负极开路电压。
可选的，该装置还包括：第七获取模块，用于基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；和/或，第七获取模块，用于基于对第二参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第二参考电池的开路电压与第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于第二参考电池的开路电压与第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，第二参考电池的正极材料与第一参考电池的负极材料相同，且第二参考电池的负极电压恒定。
又一方面，本申请提供一种充电电池析锂的检测方法，该方法包括：基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和充电电池的目标电压，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压；基于至少两组充电参数，获取在目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系；当相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。
通过基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，基于至少两组充电参数，获取在目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系，并在相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，确定充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。其中，每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和目标电压，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压。由于在该检测析锂过程中所需的充电参数均较容易获取，且获取时无需使用参考电极，因此，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法相较于相关技术，能够保证获取的负极电压的准确性，进而保证对充电电池进行析锂检测的准确性。
并且，检测析锂所需的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例等参数均较容易获取，使得该析锂检测方法较容易实施。同时，检测析锂所需的数据均为现有电池管理系统能够采集的数据，其对电流和电压等传感器没有额外的要求，能够方便地部署在电池管理系统中，无需增加硬件成本，具有较好的适用性。
其中，该两次充电过程可以均为充电电池的历史充电过程。即至少两组充电参数均为充电电池的历史充电参数。此时，根据该至少两组充电参数可以检测充电电池在历史充电过程中是否已经发生析锂。通过检测充电电池是否已经发生析锂，可以对该充电电池进行老化评估和安全风险预测，以针对性地提出充电电池的使用建议，从而提高充电电池的使用安全性。
或者，该两次充电过程中的一次充电过程为充电电池的当前正在充电的过程。即至少两组充电参数可以包括：在充电电池当前正在充电的过程中，将充电电池充电至目标荷电状态下的至少一组充电参数。此时，根据该至少两组充电参数可以检测充电电池在当前正在充电的过程是否发生析锂。通过检测充电电池在当前正在充电的过程是否发生析锂，可以根据检测结果改善充电策略，以提高充电电池的充电安全性。
当目标电压为极化电压时，基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在相同目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，包括：基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在目标荷电状态下的端电压；基于目标荷电状态、及充电电池的开路电压与充电 电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取目标荷电状态对应的目标开路电压；分别基于至少两次充电过程中获取的端电压和目标开路电压，获取至少两次充电过程中充电电池在目标荷电状态下的极化电压。
可选的，在基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数之前，方法还包括：基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系；基于第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系。
可选的，指定相关性关系基于历史充电过程中，充电电池在目标荷电状态下的目标电压与小于参考电流阈值的充电电流得到。
通过该方式确定的指定相关关系是充电电池在实际充电状态下，充电电池不析锂所满足的相关关系，根据该指定相关关系检测是否析锂时，能够进一步保证析锂的准确性。
再一方面，本申请提供一种充电电池析锂的检测装置，该装置包括：第一获取模块，用于基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和充电电池的目标电压，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压；第二获取模块，用于基于至少两组充电参数，获取在目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系；判断模块，用于当相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。
可选的，目标电压为极化电压，第一获取模块，具体用于：基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在目标荷电状态下的端电压；基于目标荷电状态、及充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取目标荷电状态对应的目标开路电压；分别基于至少两次充电过程中获取的端电压和目标开路电压，获取至少两次充电过程中充电电池在目标荷电状态下的极化电压。
可选的，该装置还包括：第三获取模块，用于基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系；第三获取模块，用于基于第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系。
可选的，指定相关性关系基于历史充电过程中，充电电池在目标荷电状态下的目标电压与小于参考电流阈值的充电电流得到。
可选的，至少两组充电参数包括：在充电电池当前正在充电的过程中，将充电电池充电至目标荷电状态下的至少一组充电参数。
又一方面，本申请提供一种充电电池的极化比例的获取方法，充电电池的极化比例的获取方法包括：获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压；获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的负极极化电压；基于充电电池的负极极化电压和充电电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
通过获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压和负极极化电压，并基于充电电池的负极极化电压和充电电池的极化电压，能够获取充电电池的极化比例，提供了获取充电电池的极化比例的一种较易实现的方式。
在一种可实现方式中，获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池 的极化电压，包括：获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的荷电状态和充电电池的端电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压；基于充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的端电压，获取充电电池的极化电压。
其中，基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压，包括：获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与充电电池的荷电状态对应的充电电池的开路电压。
在一种可实现方式中，获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的充电电池的负极极化电压，包括：获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的荷电状态和充电电池的负极电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的负极开路电压；基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极电压，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
其中，基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的负极开路电压，包括：获取充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与充电电池的荷电状态对应的充电电池的负极开路电压。
再一方面，本申请提供了一种充电电池的极化比例的获取装置，充电电池的极化比例的获取装置包括：第一获取模块，用于获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压；第二获取模块，用于获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的负极极化电压；第三获取模块，用于基于充电电池的负极极化电压和充电电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
可选的，第一获取模块，具体用于：获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的荷电状态和充电电池的端电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压；基于充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的端电压，获取充电电池的极化电压。
可选的，第一获取模块，具体用于：获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与充电电池的荷电状态对应的充电电池的开路电压。
可选的，第二获取模块，具体用于：获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的荷电状态和充电电池的负极电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的负极开路电压；基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极电压，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
可选的，第二获取模块，具体用于：获取充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与充电电池的荷电状态对应的充电电池的负极开路电压。
又一方面，本申请提供一种计算机设备，计算机设备包括：处理器和存储器，存储器中存储有计算机程序，处理器执行计算机程序时，计算机设备实现本申请提供的方法。
再一方面，本申请提供一种存储介质，当存储介质中的指令被处理器执行时，计算机设备实现本申请提供的方法。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种电动汽车的整车系统结构图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种充电电池的析锂检测方法的流程图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，及充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系的方法流程图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种获取不同充电电流下，充电电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系的方法流程图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种荷电状态为0.3时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种荷电状态为0.5时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种荷电状态为0.6时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种荷电状态为0.65时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种荷电状态为0.7时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种荷电状态为0.75时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种荷电状态为0.8时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系的示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种充电电池的极化比例的获取方法流程图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的第一参考电池的极化电压的方法流程图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的第一参考电池的负极极化电压的方法流程图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种获取充电电池的负极极化电压的方法流程图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的一种充电电池在充电过程中析锂的原理示意图；
图18是本申请实施例提供的另一种充电电池的析锂检测方法的流程图；
图19是本申请实施例提供的一种获取充电电池在目标荷电状态下的极化电压的方法流程图；
图20是本申请实施例提供的一种充电电池的极化比例的获取方法的流程图；
图21是本申请实施例提供的一种获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压的方法流程图；
图22是本申请实施例提供的一种获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的充电电池的负极极化电压的方法流程图；
图23是本申请实施例提供的一种充电电池的析锂检测装置的结构示意图；
图24是本申请实施例提供的另一种充电电池的析锂检测装置的结构示意图；
图25是本申请实施例提供的又一种充电电池的析锂检测装置的结构示意图；
图26是本申请实施例提供的再一种充电电池的析锂检测装置的结构示意图；
图27是本申请实施例提供的一种充电电池的极化比例的获取装置的结构示意图；
图28是本申请实施例提供的一种计算机设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
为便于理解，下面先对本申请实施例涉及的名词进行解释。
析锂是锂离子从电池正极脱出后无法等量嵌入负极时，无法嵌入电池负极的锂离子在电池负极附近得到电子，从而形成银白色的锂单质的现象。
端电压是电池正极与负极之间的电压差。
正极电压：正极相对于参考电势的电压差。其中，参考电势通常由参考电极提供。
负极电压：负极相对于参考电势的电压差。
开路电压(Open Circuit Voltage，OCV)是电池在开路状态下的端电压，也即是，电池在不工作(没有电流流过)后达到稳定状态时的端电压。其中，开路电压由电池容量决定。当充电电池以较小电流倍率(如≦1/10的倍率)进行充电或放电时，充电电池的端电压近似等于其开路电压。
正极开路电压：电池在开路状态下，正极相对于参考电势的电压差。
负极开路电压：电池在开路状态下，负极相对于参考电势的电压差。
极化电压是由于电池工作过程中电荷转移和离子浓度差等效应而使电极电动势偏离平衡电极电势而产生的电势差。在计算过程中，极化电压可以等于端电压与开路电压的电压差。
正极极化电压：正极端电压与正极开路电压的电压差。
负极极化电压：负极端电压与负极开路电压的电压差。
电池的健康状态(State of Health，SOH)是电池最大剩余容量与电池额定容量的比值，常用百分数表示。
电池的荷电状态(State of Charge，SOC)是电池的剩余容量与其充满电的容量的比值，常用百分数表示。该荷电状态可以反映电池的剩余容量。
电池的容量是按规定大小的电流对充电电池进行放电的时间。单位为安时(Ampere Hour，Ah)。电池容量的计算公式为电流随时间的积分数值。
本申请实施例提供了一种充电电池的析锂检测方法，通过基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压，基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，再基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压，然后，基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。
由上可知，获取充电电池的负极电压所需的已知参数为充电电池的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例。其中，充电电池的荷电状态反映充电电池的剩余容量，该充电电池的荷电状态可以基于充电电池的充电电流得到。充电电池的极化比例表示在充电电池处于析锂临界点时， 充电电池的负极极化电压占极化电压的比例，且该充电电池的极化比例反映充电电池的性能。端电压为充电电池的正极与负极之间的电压差。可见该荷电状态、端电压和极化比例均较容易获取，且获取时无需使用参考电极，因此，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法相较于相关技术，能够保证获取的负极电压的准确性，进而保证对充电电池进行析锂检测的准确性。其中，析锂临界点是指充电电池处于发生析锂和未发生析锂的临界状态，即是充电电池的析锂程度由零开始变为正数的状态。
本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法所涉及的场景可以包括：所有采用锂电池作为充电电池的场景。例如，该场景可以为采用锂电池充电的电动汽车、移动终端、基站、储能电站和数据中心充电电源等。该方法可应用于电池管理系统。通过将该方法部署在电池管理系统中，使得电池管理系统通过执行该方法能够对充电电池的析锂情况进行检测，并根据该检测结果对充电电池进行管理，以保证该充电电池的使用安全性。
本申请实施例以该场景为采用锂电池充电的电动汽车为例进行说明。图1为电动汽车的整车系统结构图，如图1所示，电动汽车上设置有：动力电池系统01、电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)02、高压配电盒03、非车载充电机(off board charger，OFC)04、整车控制器(vehicle control unit，VCU)05、车载充电机(on board charger，OBC)06、直流变换器(direct current-direct current converter，DC-DC)07、交流变换器(alternating current converter，AC)08和发动机(motor)09。其中，车载充电机一般指交流充电机，非车载充电机一般指直流充电机即充电桩，该车载充电机和非车载充电机结合使用以保证电动汽车的充电功能。
其中，动力电池系统包括充电电池，其作为动力源向整车提供能量，以满足整车的续驶里程和动力性需求。当充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂后，会造成电池容量加速衰减和整车安全性的急剧降低，增大充电电池出现短路及热失控的风险。电池管理系统用于对动力电池系统进行监控和管理，以保证动力电池系统处于安全和可控的状态范围之内。
本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法的应用场景可以包括：电池充电、电池搁置和工况放电等典型工作场景。通过在以上工作场景中对充电电池进行析锂检测，有助于实现对充电电池的安全风险监测、诊断和预防。
例如，在电池充电场景下，可以采用本申请实施例提供的方法计算充电电池的实时负极电位，根据实时负极电位判断充电电池是否发生析锂，并且，若判断充电电池发生析锂，可以减小充电电流，使充电电池逐渐远离析锂状态，甚至转为安全充电状态，以保证充电电池的充电安全。
或者，也可以使用该检测方法针对不同的充电电流预测负极电压，实现对充电电池的析锂预测，并根据其制定充电策略，以在提高充电速度的基础上保证充电安全。例如，针对采用大倍率电流对充电电池进行快速充电的场景下，为了避免电池析锂，可设定一个负极电位安全阈值，然后采用本申请实施例提供的方法计算充电电池的实时负极电位，并根据该实时负极电位调节充电电流，使得在保证实时负极电位始终在安全阈值内的基础上提高充电速度。可选的，可以在实时负极电位较高时，适当增大充电倍率以提高充电速度。当实时负极电位较低时，可适当降低充电倍率以提高安全性。并且，该调整充电电流的策略可以采用多阶梯降电流的表格控制方式，或采用比例积分微分(proportion integration differentiation，PID)控 制方式等。
或者，可以通过预测负极电压，得到负极电压偏离参考电压阈值的程度，并获取析锂的严重程度，同时，还可以根据不同充电电流下的负极电压预测析锂的起始时刻和终止时刻，并根据析锂的严重程度、起始时刻和终止时刻获取析锂严重等级，使得电池管理系统根据该严重等级对电池进行维护，以提高电池的使用安全性。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种充电电池的析锂检测方法的流程图。如图2所示，该方法包括：
步骤201、获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，及充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。
充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，及充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，可以根据对参考电池进行充放电测试过程中的测试参数得到。例如，可以根据第一参考电池的测试参数，获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，并根据第二参考电池的测试参数，获取充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。如图3所示，其实现过程如下：
步骤2011、采用小倍率对第一参考电池和第二参考电池进行充放电测试，基于充放电测试过程中获取的测试参数，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，及第二参考电池的开路电压与第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系。
其中，测试参数包括：实时充电电流、实时端电压和实时荷电状态。荷电状态反映第一参考电池的剩余容量。该荷电状态可以基于第一参考电池的电流得到。例如，荷电状态是电池的剩余容量与其充满电的容量的比值，且电池的剩余容量可以等于电流对时间的积分。
可以分别获取以较小倍率对第一参考电池和第二参考电池进行充放电测试时，第一参考电池和第二参考电池在不同测试时刻的端电压，并采用各自电池的电流对每个测试时刻进行积分，得到对应电池在每个测试时刻的电池容量(即电池的剩余容量)，然后，根据第一参考电池和第二参考电池在不同测试时刻的端电压和剩余容量，分别建立第一参考电池和第二参考电池的端电压与剩余容量的对应关系。并且，由于电池以较小倍率(如≦1/10的倍率)进行充放电时，电池的端电压近似等于其开路电压，因此，在该过程中建立的第一参考电池的端电压与剩余容量的对应关系，即为第一参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系，第二参考电池的端电压与剩余容量的对应关系，即为第二参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系。
需要说明的是，由于充电过程和放电过程存在差异性，为了消除该差异性对开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系的影响，可以根据充电和放电过程中对应测试参数的平均值获取开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系。并且，在进行充电和放电测试前，还可以对第一参考电池和第二参考电池进行静置，静置时间可以为0～10小时，以确保第一参考电池和第二参考电池处于电-热-化学-压力等准平衡状态。
并且，当开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系采用曲线表示时，为了消除或减小第一参考电池和第二参考电池之间的差异，还可以对第一参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的曲线和第二参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的曲线中的至少一个，进行曲线缩放和平移等数学处理，并在数学处理后，采用增量容量分析技术(incremental capacity analysis，ICA)等技术，对第一 参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的曲线和第二参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的曲线进行特征峰对齐，以实现上述两条曲线中主要特征点的对齐匹配，然后，再对匹配后的曲线进行归一化处理，得到第一参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，及第二参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。
还需要说明的是，由于开路电压和负极开路电压还会受到温度和电池健康状态的影响，因此，还可以在不同温度和不同的电池健康状态下，对第一参考电池和第二参考电池做多次充放电实验，并根据该多次充放电实验的测量参数，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，及第二参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系。
通过制造第二参考电池，并使用第二参考电池获取充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，使得无需在第一参考电池中加入参考电极，相较于在充电电池中加入参考电极进行析锂检测的相关技术，保证了第一参考电池的完整性，且使得检测结果不会受到参考电极的不稳定因素的影响，能够有效保证检测的准确性。并且，由于加入了参考电极的三电极不适用于商用电池，相较于相关技术，本申请实施例采用第二参考电池的方式能够保证析锂检测的适用范围。
步骤2012、基于第一参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，并基于第二参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。
由于电池的荷电状态是电池的剩余容量与其充满电的容量的比值，因此，在获取电池的开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系后，可以先分别获取电池充满电的容量，再根据剩余容量与荷电状态之间的关系，将开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系转换为开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。
需要说明的是，该第二参考电池的正极材料可以与第一参考电池的负极材料相同，且第二参考电池的负极电压恒定。也即是，第二参考电池的负极材料为能够维持稳定电位的材料。此时，第二参考电池的开路电压近似等于第一参考电池的负极开路电压，因此，根据第二参考电池得到的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，可以看成是第一参考电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。至此，可以得到充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，及充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。
示例的，第二参考电池可以为纽扣电池，该纽扣电池的正极材料与第一参考电池的负极材料均可以为石墨，纽扣电池的负极材料可以为锂、镀锂铜丝或锡锂合金等。并且，为进一步保证获取的对应关系的可靠性和准确性，该纽扣电池的正极材料可以为将第一参考电池拆解后，从第一参考电池的负极上获取的材料。并且，为了确保操作安全，可以先将第一参考电池的电量放空，使负极材料处于较为安全状态，并在手套箱中进行纽扣电池的组装过程。
需要说明的是，步骤201至步骤204为在析锂检测前的准备过程，该过程中得到的参数均用于检测充电电池是否析锂，因此，该过程中得到的各个参数可以说成是参考电池的参数，也可以说是充电电池的参数。例如，参考电池和充电电池可以为同一厂家生产的相同型号的电池。
步骤202、采用不同倍率的电流对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池在充放电过程中的测试参数。
采用不同倍率的电流对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试时，能够获得在使用各个电流对第一参考电池进行充放电测试的测试参数，以便于对第一参考电池进行分析。例如，采用小倍率(≤1/10C，C表示第一参考电池的额定充电电流)的电流对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试时，获取的测试参数能够用于获取该第一参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。其中，该开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系反映的是第一参考电池的自身特性，其主要与第一参考电池的材料有关，不会跟随电流或电压等发生改变。采用大倍率((1～10)C)的电流基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试是为了促使第一参考电池发生一定程度的析锂，以便于对第一参考电池发生析锂后的特性进行分析。
步骤203、基于第一参考电池在充放电测试过程中的测试参数，分别获取不同充电电流下，充电电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系。
为了便于获取充电电池的析锂临界点，可以分别获取不同充电电流下，充电电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系。在一种可实现方式中，如图4所示，其实现过程可以包括：
步骤2031、基于第一参考电池在充放电测试过程中的测试参数，分别获取采用不同充电电流将第一参考电池充电至不同荷电状态时，第一参考电池的目标电压，其中，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压。
当目标电压为端电压时，该端电压可以在充放电测试过程直接测量得到。即可以在步骤202中获得的测试参数中，获得采用不同充电电流将第一参考电池充电至不同荷电状态时的端电压。当目标电压为极化电压时，可以根据步骤202中获得的测试参数，得到在每个充电电流下不同荷电状态对应的端电压，根据荷电状态查询步骤201获取的第一参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，得到每个充电电流下不同荷电状态对应的开路电压，并根据极化电压等于端电压与开路电压的电压差的已知关系，得到每个充电电流下不同荷电状态对应的极化电压。
步骤2032、筛选出每个荷电状态下第一参考电池的充电电流与对应的目标电压之间的相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系的第三目标电压和对应的第三充电电流。
根据每个充电电流下不同荷电状态对应的目标电压，可以得到在每个荷电状态下第一参考电池的充电电流与目标电压之间的相关性关系。并且，在每个荷电状态下，若第一参考电池未发生析锂，该第一参考电池的充电电流与目标电压之间应该符合指定相关性关系。根据每个荷电状态下第一参考电池的充电电流与目标电压之间的相关性关系，及对应的指定相关性关系，可以筛选出每个荷电状态下，不符合指定相关性关系的第三目标电压和对应的第三充电电流，以便于根据其进行析锂诊断。
示例的，图5至图11中实线分别为荷电状态为0.3、0.5、0.6、0.65、0.7、0.75和0.8时，第一参考电池的极化电压随充电电流发生变化的曲线，且各个曲线的相关性关系分别为y＝2.1825×x、y＝2.4272×x、y＝2.3606×x、y＝2.4288×x、y＝2.5424×x、y＝2.7264×x、y＝2.9124×x，各个曲线的拟合率分别为0.9991、0.9991、0.9996、1、0.9996、0.9997和0.9999。该图5至图11中虚线分别表示对应荷电状态下，第一参考电池的充电电流与极化电压在未析锂时满足的指定相关性关系。
根据图7可以看出，充电电流增大至82安培(A)时，实线开始偏离虚线，则荷电状态为0.6时，大于82A的充电电流均为不符合指定相关性关系的第三充电电流，对应的极化电压为不符合相关性关系的第三极化电压。根据图8可以看出，充电电流增大至80A时，实线 开始偏离虚线，则荷电状态为0.65时，大于80A的充电电流均为不符合指定相关性关系的第三充电电流，对应的极化电压为不符合相关性关系的第三极化电压。根据图9可以看出，充电电流增大至76A时，实线开始偏离虚线，则荷电状态为0.7时，大于76A的充电电流均为不符合指定相关性关系的第三充电电流，对应的极化电压为不符合相关性关系的第三极化电压。根据图10可以看出，充电电流增大至62A时，实线开始偏离虚线，则荷电状态为0.75时，大于62A的充电电流均为不符合指定相关性关系的第三充电电流，对应的极化电压为不符合相关性关系的第三极化电压。根据图11可以看出，充电电流增大至58A时，实线开始偏离虚线，则荷电状态为0.8时，大于58A的充电电流均为不符合指定相关性关系的第三充电电流，对应的极化电压为不符合相关性关系的第三极化电压。
需要说明的是，该指定相关性关系可以为考虑了温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应对电压的影响的关系。由于第一参考电池的充电电流与对应的目标电压之间的相关性关系是根据测试参数得到，且在测试过程中温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应会对目标电压产生影响，即第一参考电池的充电电流与对应的目标电压之间的相关性关系也考虑了温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应。因此，当指定相关性关系考虑了温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应时，通过根据该指定相关性关系筛选第三目标电压和对应的第三充电电流，能够保证筛选出的第三目标电压和对应的第三充电电流的准确性。
步骤2033、获取每个荷电状态下的每个第三充电电流按照指定相关性关系所对应的第四目标电压。
在确定不符合指定相关性关系的第三充电电流后，可以根据筛选出的第三充电电流和指定相关性关系，获取第三充电电流按照该指定相关性关系所对应的第四目标电压。例如，当筛选出第三充电电流的指定相关性关系采用数学表达式y＝a×x+b表示时，若第三充电电流为c，则可以得到该第三充电电流按照该指定相关性关系所对应的第四目标电压为a×c+b。对应于图5至图11，位于与实线未重合的虚线线段上的点表示第三充电电流按照该指定相关性关系所对应的第四目标电压。
步骤2034、分别获取不同充电电流下，析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系，其中，在任一充电电流下，任一荷电状态对应的析锂程度基于任一荷电状态下任一充电电流所对应的第四目标电压，与采用任一充电电流将第一参考电池充电至任一荷电状态时的第三目标电压得到。
在一种实现方式中，在任一充电电流下，任一荷电状态对应的析锂程度可以等于该任一荷电状态下该任一充电电流所对应的第四目标电压，与采用任一充电电流将第一参考电池充电至该任一荷电状态时的第三目标电压的电压差。因此，根据步骤2032筛选出的第三目标电压和步骤2033中获取的第四目标电压，能够得到在对应充电电流和荷电状态下的析锂程度。在获取不同充电电流和不同荷电状态下的析锂程度后，就可以按照不同充电电流统计得到析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系。
示例的，根据图5至图11所示的在指定荷电状态下极化电压随充电电流变化的对应关系，可以得到如图12所示的充电电流为100A时，析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系。根据该图12可以看出，当充电电流为100A时，在荷电状态为0.58时充电电池的析锂程度由零开始变为正数，也即是，充电电流为100A时，充电电池处于析锂临界点的荷电状态为0.58。其中，析锂临界点是指充电电池处于发生析锂和未发生析锂的临界状态，即是充电电池的析锂程度由零开始变为正数的状态。
需要说明的是，析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系在充电过程中也具有指导意义。例如，对于某一充电电流下析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系，根据该对应关系可以得到采用该充电电流充电时的析锂临界点，在充电过程中，当充电电池的荷电状态未达到该析锂临界点对应的荷电状态之前，可以采用该充电电流充电，以保证充电速度，当充电电池的荷电状态达到该析锂临界点对应的荷电状态后，可以减小充电电流，以避免析锂发生。
步骤204、基于充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系、充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系、及充电电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系，获取充电电池的极化比例。
充电电池的极化比例表示在充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占充电电池的极化电压的比例。
可选的，可以预先使用第一参考电池标定该充电电池的极化比例，以便于在检测析锂的过程中可以直接使用该充电电池的极化比例。其中，充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系、充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系、以及充电电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系，均适用于第一参考电池。下面以使用第一参考电池标定充电电池的极化比例为例，对该步骤204的实现过程进行说明。如图13所示，该步骤204的实现过程可以包括：
步骤2041、基于第一参考电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系，获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的目标荷电状态。
第一参考电池的析锂临界点是指第一参考电池处于发生析锂和未发生析锂的临界状态，即析锂临界点是第一参考电池的析锂程度由零开始变为正数的状态。因此，根据步骤2034获取的不同充电电流下，析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系，可以得到使用目标充电电流对第一参考电池进行充电，处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的目标荷电状态。
步骤2042、基于第一参考电池的目标荷电状态，以及，第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的极化电压。
可选的，如图14所示，该步骤2042的实现过程包括：
步骤2042a、获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的端电压。
根据步骤202中基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试获取的测试参数，可以得到使用目标充电电流充电至第一参考电池的荷电状态时第一参考电池的端电压。
步骤2042b、基于第一参考电池的目标荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，得到与目标荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的开路电压。
由于第一参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系反映的是第一参考电池的自身特性，其不会跟随电流或电压等发生改变，因此，在获取第一参考电池的目标荷电状态后，可以根据该目标荷电状态查询第一参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，以得到第一参考电池在目标荷电状态下的开路电压。
步骤2042c、基于第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的端电压和第二参考关系，获取第一参考电池的极化电压。
其中，第二参考关系是指第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的端电压和第一参考 电池的极化电压之间的关系，即第一参考电池的极化电压等于第一参考电池的端电压与第一参考电池的开路电压的电压差。在获取第一参考电池的开路电压和第一参考电池的端电压后，根据该第二参考关系可以得到第一参考电池的极化电压。
示例的，假设第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的端电压为4.0伏(V)，第一参考电池的目标荷电状态为0.58。并且，根据该目标荷电状态查询第一参考电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，可得该目标荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的开路电压为3.74V，则根据端电压、开路电压和极化电压之间的第二参考关系，可以得到第一参考电池的极化电压＝第一参考电池的端电压-第一参考电池的开路电压＝4.0V-3.74V＝260毫伏(mV)。
步骤2043、基于第一参考电池的目标荷电状态，以及，第一参考电池的负极开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的第一参考电池的负极极化电压。
可选的，如图15所示，该步骤2043的实现过程包括：
步骤2043a、获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的负极电压。
根据电池处理析锂临界点的特性：电池的负极电压为0mV，可以得到使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的负极电压为0mV。
步骤2043b、基于第一参考电池的目标荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，得到与目标荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的负极开路电压。
由于第一参考电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系反映的是第一参考电池的自身特性，其不会跟随电流或电压等发生改变，因此，在获取第一参考电池的目标荷电状态后，可以根据目标荷电状态查询第一参考电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，以得到第一参考电池在目标荷电状态下的负极开路电压。
步骤2043c、基于第一参考电池的负极开路电压、第一参考电池的负极电压和第三参考关系，获取第一参考电池的负极极化电压。
其中，第三参考关系是指第一参考电池的负极开路电压、第一参考电池的负极电压和第一参考电池的负极极化电压之间的关系，即第一参考电池的负极极化电压等于第一参考电池的负极电压与第一参考电池的负极开路电压的电压差。在获取第一参考电池的负极开路电压和第一参考电池的负极电压后，根据该第三参考关系可以得到第一参考电池的负极极化电压。
示例的，假设第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的负极电压为0mV，第一参考电池的目标荷电状态为0.58。并且，根据该目标荷电状态查询第一参考电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，可得该目标荷电状态对应的第一参考电池的负极开路电压为109.9mV，则根据负极电压、负极开路电压和负极极化电压之间的第三参考关系，可以得到第一参考电池的负极极化电压＝第一参考电池的负极电压-第一参考电池的负极开路电压＝0mV-109.9mV＝-109.9mV。
另外，由于电池的极化电压等于负极极化电压与正极极化电压之和，因此，在获取第一参考电池的极化电压和第一参考电池的负极极化电压后，可以进一步获取第一参考电池的正极极化电压。因此，根据本申请实施例提供的方法能够分别得到第一参考电池的正极极化电压和负极计划电压，实现对正极极化电压和负极极化电压的分解。
并且，由上可知，该分解正极极化电压和负极极化电压的方法较简单可靠，当采用BMS实现本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法时，无需不改动现有BMS的硬件结构，易于嵌入式部署，能够支持BMS众多功能的开发，具有广泛的应用前景。并且，该正极极化电压和负极极化电压的分解过程既可以在充电电池未充电的过程中实现，也可以在充电电池充电过程中实现，其能够支持多种两种应用场景。另外，该分解正极极化电压和负极极化电压的方法还能用于BMS其他功能的开发，比如快速充电策略的制定、电池老化根因的定位、定性分析电池的正极和负极各部分极化阻抗随老化发生变化的情况等，具有重要的应用价值和空间。
步骤2044、基于第一参考电池的负极极化电压和第一参考电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
充电电池的极化比例为充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占极化电压的比例。因此，可以得到充电电池的极化比例等于第一参考电池的负极极化电压与第一参考电池的极化电压的比值。继续以步骤2042c和步骤2043c的例子为例，可以得到充电电池的极化比例＝第一参考电池的负极极化电压/第一参考电池的极化电压＝-109.9mV/260mV＝-0.4227。
需要说明的是，为保证充电电池的极化比例的准确性，可以分别按照上述步骤2041至步骤2044采用多个充电电流获取多个极化比例，并根据该多个极化比例获取该充电电池的极化比例。例如，可以将多个极化比例的平均值作为充电电池的极化比例，或者，可以将多个极化比例的加权和作为充电电池的极化比例，本申请实施例对其不做具体限定。
步骤205、基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压。
在检测充电电池是否析锂时，可以先获取充电电池当前的荷电状态，并根据该充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池在该充电电池的荷电状态下的充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压。
其中，充电电池的荷电状态可以基于充电电池的充电电流得到。例如，可以计算充电电流对充电时间的积分以得到充电电池的剩余容量，并获取充电电池充满电时的容量，并将充电电池的剩余容量与充电电池充满电时的容量的比值作为充电电池的荷电状态。
并且，由于充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系反映的是充电电池的自身特性，其不会跟随电流或电压等发生改变，因此，在获取充电电池的荷电状态后，可以根据充电电池的荷电状态查询充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，以得到充电电池在充电电池的荷电状态下的充电电池的开路电压。类似地，可以根据充电电池的荷电状态查询充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，以得到充电电池在充电电池的荷电状态下的充电电池的负极开路电压。
步骤206、基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
可选的，如图16所示，该步骤206的实现过程可以包括：
步骤2061、基于充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的端电压，获取充电电池的极化电压。
由于充电电池的开路电压、端电压和极化电压之间存在第一参考关系，在获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的端电压后，可以根据该第一参考关系获取充电电池的极化电压。示 例的，该第一参考关系可以为：极化电压＝端电压-开路电压。
步骤2062、基于充电电池的极化电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
由于充电电池的极化比例表示在充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占极化电压的比例，可以得到充电电池的负极极化电压应等于充电电池的极化电压与充电电池的极化比例的乘积。
步骤207、基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压。
由于充电电池的负极开路电压、负极极化电压和负极电压之间具有第四参考关系，在获取充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压后，可以根据该第四参考关系获取充电电池的负极电压。例如，该第四参考关系可以为：充电电池的负极极化电压等于充电电池的负极电压与充电电池的负极开路电压的差值，因此，充电电池的负极电压等于充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的负极极化电压的和。
需要说明的是，步骤205至步骤207可以通过析锂模型实现，该析锂模型满足：
Figure PCTCN2020088503-appb-000001
其中，I为充电电池的充电电流，t为充电电池的充电时间，Q为充电电池充满电时的电量，SOC为采用充电电流I对充电电池充电时长t后充电电池的荷电状态，V neg(SOC)为充电电池在SOC下的负极电压，OCV neg(SOC)为SOC对应的负极开路电压，V p,neg(SOC)为充电电池在SOC下的负极极化电压，α为充电电池的极化比例，V cell为充电电池的端电压，OCV cell(SOC)为SOC对应的开路电压。
需要说明的是，该析锂模型是开路电压和负极开路电压受到荷电状态影响时的表达式，当开路电压和负极开路电压还受到充电电池的健康状态和温度等因素影响时，开路电压和负极开路电压应该是关于荷电状态、健康状态和温度等因素的表达式。相应的，步骤201中获取的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，应该是开路电压与荷电状态、健康状态和温度等因素的对应关系，负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，应该是负极开路电压与荷电状态、健康状态和温度等因素的对应关系。
根据该析锂模型可知，该析锂模型中需要标定的参数为极化比例，相较于需要标定电化学机理模型中的各个物理参数和电化学参数(如电极孔隙率、电极初始嵌入量和电极固相扩散系数等参数)的相关析锂检测技术，该析锂模型中需要标定的参数较少，有效地减小了析锂检测的实施难度。
步骤208、基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。
从理论上讲，当充电电池的负极电压小于参考电压阈值时，可以认为充电电池的析锂条件被激活，即在该条件下充电电池发生析锂。当充电电池的负极电压大于参考电压阈值时，可以认为充电电池的析锂条件被抑制，即在该条件下充电电池未发生析锂。因此，基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂的实现方式，可以包括：当充电电池的负极电压小于参考电压阈值时，判断充电电池发生析锂。
其中，图17为正极采用锂金属，负极采用石墨的充电电池在充电过程中析锂的原理示意图。如图17所示，曲线a为充电电池未发生析锂，仅发生极化效应时，负极相对于锂金属的 电位，曲线b为充电电池发生部分析锂时，负极相对于锂金属的电位，曲线c为充电电池发生100％析锂，即正极出来的锂离子全部在负极发生析锂，没有任何锂离子嵌入石墨时，负极相对于锂金属的电位，曲线d为正常充电时负极相对于锂金属的电位。根据该图17可知，当充电电池发生析锂时，充电电池的负极电压的绝对值均会减小，因此，可以通过将充电电池的负极电压与参考电压阈值进行比较，以检测充电电池是否发生析锂。
参考电压阈值为充电电池发生析锂和未发生析锂时的负极电压的临界值。该参考电压阈值的取值可以根据充电电池的参数得到。示例的，根据充电电池的电池化学特性和电池结构，可以得到该参考电压阈值的取值可以为0。其中，电池化学特性可以由电池的正极材料、负极材料和电解液材料等表征，电池结构可以由电池的材料特性、孔隙率和锂金属的成核动力学特性等表征。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法，通过基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压，然后基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，再基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压，然后，基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。由于获取充电电池的负极电压所需的已知参数为充电电池的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例，且荷电状态、端电压和极化比例均较容易获取，且获取时无需使用参考电极，因此，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法相较于相关技术，能够保证获取的负极电压的准确性，进而保证对充电电池进行析锂检测的准确性。
并且，检测析锂所需的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例等参数均较容易获取，使得该析锂检测方法较容易实施。同时，检测析锂所需的数据均为现有电池管理系统能够采集的数据，其对电流和电压等传感器没有额外的要求，能够方便地部署在电池管理系统中，无需增加硬件成本，具有较好的适用性。
图18是本申请实施例提供的另一种充电电池的析锂检测方法的流程图。如图18所示，该方法包括：
步骤1801、获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。
可选的，该步骤1801的实现过程可以包括：基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于第一参考电池的开路电压与剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。其实现过程可以相应参考步骤201中获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系的实现过程。
步骤1802、基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和目标电压，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压。
该两次充电过程可以均为充电电池的历史充电过程。即至少两组充电参数均为充电电池的历史充电参数。此时，根据该至少两组充电参数可以检测充电电池在历史充电过程中是否已经发生析锂。通过检测充电电池是否已经发生析锂，可以对该充电电池进行老化评估和安全风险预测，以针对性地提出充电电池的使用建议，从而提高充电电池的使用安全性。
或者，该两次充电过程中的一次充电过程为充电电池的当前正在充电的过程。即至少两组充电参数可以包括：在充电电池当前正在充电的过程中，将充电电池充电至目标荷电状态 下的至少一组充电参数。此时，根据该至少两组充电参数可以检测充电电池在当前正在充电的过程是否发生析锂。通过检测充电电池在当前正在充电的过程是否发生析锂，可以根据检测结果改善充电策略，以提高充电电池的充电安全性。
在一种实现方式中，当目标电压为端电压时，该步骤1802的实现过程可以包括：基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在目标荷电状态下的端电压。
在另一种实现方式中，当目标电压为极化电压时，如图19所示，该步骤1802的实现过程可以包括：
步骤1802a、基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在目标荷电状态下的端电压。
步骤1802b、基于目标荷电状态、及充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取目标荷电状态对应的目标开路电压。
由于充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系反映的是充电电池的自身特性，其不会跟随电流或电压等发生改变，因此，可以根据目标荷电状态查询充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，以得到充电电池在目标荷电状态下的目标开路电压。
步骤1802c、分别基于至少两次充电过程中获取的端电压和目标开路电压，获取至少两次充电过程中充电电池在目标荷电状态下的极化电压。
充电电池的开路电压、极化电压和端电压之间具有参考关系，例如，充电电池的开路电压、极化电压和端电压之间的参考关系可以为：极化电压等于端电压与开路电压的差值。因此，在获取端电压和目标开路电压后，可以根据该参考关系获取充电电池的极化电压。
步骤1803、基于至少两组充电参数，获取在目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系。
每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和目标电压。基于每组充电参数，均能够得到充电电流和目标电压之间所满足的相关性关系。例如，充电电流和目标电压之间满足线性关系y＝a×x+b，或者，满足二次函数关系y＝a×x 2+b×x+c等数学关系。
另外，在获取至少两组充电参数后，也可以先根据每组充电参数进行曲线拟合，然后获取拟合出的曲线的表达式，该表达式即为目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流所满足的相关性关系。
步骤1804、当目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。
可选的，指定相关性关系可以基于历史充电过程中，充电电池在目标荷电状态下的目标电压与小于参考电流阈值的充电电流得到。其中，参考电流阈值的获取标准为：在历史充电过程中，采用小于该参考电流阈值的充电电流将充电电池充电至目标荷电状态时，充电电池未发生析锂。相应的，根据其获取的指定相关性关系为充电电池未发生析锂时目标电压与充电电流所满足的相关性关系，因此，当相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，可以认为充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂，即可以有效地检测出充电电池是否发生析锂。
通过该方式获取的指定相关关系是充电电池在实际充电状态下，充电电池不析锂所满足的相关关系，根据该指定相关关系检测是否析锂时，能够进一步保证析锂的准确性。
可选的，该参考电流阈值也可以根据经验或大数据等方式得到。示例的，该参考电流阈值可以为小倍率的电流。例如，该参考电流阈值可以为小于1/10C的电流。
需要说明的是，该指定相关性关系可以为考虑了温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应对电压的影响的关系。由于目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系是根据实际充电过程得到的，且在实际充电过程中温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应会对目标电压产生影响，即目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系也考虑了温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应。因此，当指定相关性关系考虑了温度的阿伦尼乌斯效应时，通过根据该指定相关性关系检测充电电池在充电过程中是否发生析锂，能够有效保证检测的准确性。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法，通过基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，基于至少两组充电参数，获取在目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系，并在相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。其中，每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和目标电压，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压。由于在该检测析锂过程中所需的充电参数均较容易获取，且获取时无需使用参考电极，因此，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法相较于相关技术，能够保证获取的负极电压的准确性，进而保证对充电电池进行析锂检测的准确性。
并且，检测析锂所需的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例等参数均较容易获取，使得该析锂检测方法较容易实施。同时，检测析锂所需的数据均为现有电池管理系统能够采集的数据，其对电流和电压等传感器没有额外的要求，能够方便地部署在电池管理系统中，无需增加硬件成本，具有较好的适用性。
本申请实施例还提供了一种充电电池的极化比例的获取方法，如图20所示，该方法包括：
步骤2001、获取充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，及充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系。
该步骤2001的实现过程可以相应参考步骤201的实现过程。
步骤2002、采用不同倍率的电流对充电电池进行的充放电测试，获取充电电池在充放电过程中的测试参数。
该步骤2002的实现过程可以相应参考步骤202的实现过程。
步骤2003、基于充电电池在充放电过程中的测试参数，分别获取不同充电电流下，充电电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系。
该步骤2003的实现过程可以相应参考步骤203的实现过程。
步骤2004、基于充电电池的析锂程度随荷电状态变化的对应关系，获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的充电电池的目标荷电状态。
该步骤2004的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2041的实现过程。
步骤2005、基于充电电池的目标荷电状态，以及，充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压。
该步骤2005的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2042的实现过程。示例的，如图21所示，该步骤2005的实现过程包括：
步骤2005a、获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的端电压。
该步骤2005a的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2042a的实现过程。
步骤2005b、基于充电电池的目标荷电状态，查询充电电池的开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，得到与目标荷电状态对应的充电电池的开路电压。
该步骤2005b的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2042b的实现过程。
步骤2005c、基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和第一参考关系，获取充电电池的极化电压。
其中，第一参考关系为充电电池的开路电压、端电压和极化电压之间的关系。并且，该步骤2005c的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2042c的实现过程。
步骤2006、基于充电电池的目标荷电状态，以及，充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的充电电池的负极极化电压。
该步骤2006的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2043的实现过程。示例的，如图22所示，该步骤2006的实现过程包括：
步骤2006a、获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极电压。
该步骤2006a的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2043a的实现过程。
步骤2006b、基于充电电池的目标荷电状态，查询充电电池的负极开路电压与荷电状态的对应关系，得到与目标荷电状态对应的充电电池的负极开路电压。
该步骤2006a的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2043a的实现过程。
步骤2006c、基于充电电池的负极开路电压、充电电池的负极电压和第四参考关系，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
其中，第四参考关系为充电电池的负极开路电压、负极极化电压和负极电压之间的关系。并且，该步骤2006a的实现过程可以相应参考步骤2043a的实现过程。
步骤2007、基于充电电池的负极极化电压和充电电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
充电电池的极化比例为充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占极化电压的比例。因此，可以得到充电电池的极化比例等于充电电池的负极极化电压与充电电池的极化电压的比值。
需要说明的是，为保证充电电池的极化比例的准确性，可以分别按照上述步骤2004至步骤2007采用多个充电电流获取多个极化比例，并根据该多个极化比例获取该充电电池的极化比例。例如，可以将多个极化比例的平均值作为充电电池的极化比例，或者，可以将多个极化比例的加权和作为充电电池的极化比例，本申请实施例对其不做具体限定。
还需要说明的是，本申请实施例是以通过查询对应关系获取充电电池的开路电压、极化电压、负极开路电压和负极极化电压为例，对本申请实施例提供的方法进行说明的，但并不用于限定获取充电电池的开路电压、极化电压、负极开路电压和负极极化电压的实现方式。例如，还可以通过电压测量的方式获取充电电池的开路电压、极化电压、负极开路电压和负极极化电压。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的极化比例的获取方法，通过获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压和负极极化电压，并基于充电电池的负极极化电压和充电电池的极化电压，能够获取充电电池的极化比例，提供了获取充电 电池的极化比例的一种较易实现的方式。
通过获取充电电池的极化比例，能够便于根据该极化比例对充电电池进行分析。例如，当充电电池出现老化时，可以根据该极化比例分析充电电池的正极的内阻和负极的内阻对老化的贡献率。或者，可以根据该极化比例估算充电电池在安全充电的前提下，能够使用的最大充电电流。或者，还可以根据该极化比例估算充电电池在某一荷电状态时，在安全充电的前提下，能够使用的最大充电电流。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法的步骤先后顺序可以进行适当调整，步骤也可以根据情况进行相应增减，例如，步骤201和步骤202的顺序可以根据需要进行调整。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化的方法，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内，因此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了充电电池的析锂检测装置，如图23所示，该充电电池的析锂检测装置30包括：
第一获取模块301，用于基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压。
第二获取模块302，用于基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，充电电池的极化比例表示充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占充电电池的极化电压的比例。
第三获取模块303，用于基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压。
判断模块304，用于基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。
可选的，判断模块304，具体用于：当充电电池的负极电压小于参考电压阈值时，判断充电电池发生析锂。
可选的，第二获取模块302，具体用于：基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和第一参考关系，获取充电电池的极化电压，第一参考关系为充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化电压之间的关系；基于充电电池的极化电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
可选的，如图24所示，充电电池的析锂检测装置30还包括：
第四获取模块305，用于获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的极化电压。
第五获取模块306，用于获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时第一参考电池的负极极化电压。
第六获取模块307，用于基于第一参考电池的负极极化电压和第一参考电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
可选的，第四获取模块305，具体用于：获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的荷电状态和第一参考电池的端电压；基于第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到第一参考电池的开路电压；基于第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的端电压和第二参考关系，获取第一参考电池的极化电压，第二参考关系为第一参考电池的开路电压、第一参考电池的 端电压和第一参考电池的极化电压之间的关系。
可选的，第五获取模块306，具体用于：获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，第一参考电池的荷电状态和第一参考电池的负极电压；基于第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询第一参考电池的负极开路电压与第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到第一参考电池的负极开路电压；基于第一参考电池的负极开路电压、第一参考电池的负极电压和第三参考关系，获取第一参考电池的负极极化电压，第三参考关系为第一参考电池的负极电压、第一参考电池的负极开路电压和第一参考电池的负极极化电压之间的关系。
可选的，第一获取模块301，具体用于：基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到充电电池的开路电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到充电电池的负极开路电压。
可选的，如图24所示，充电电池的析锂检测装置30还包括：
第七获取模块308，用于基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系。和/或，
第七获取模块308，用于基于对第二参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第二参考电池的开路电压与第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于第二参考电池的开路电压与第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，第二参考电池的正极材料与第一参考电池的负极材料相同，且第二参考电池的负极电压恒定。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测装置，通过第一获取模块基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压，第二获取模块基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，第三获取模块基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压，判断模块基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。由于获取充电电池的负极电压所需的已知参数为充电电池的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例，且荷电状态、端电压和极化比例均较容易获取，且获取时无需使用参考电极，因此，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法相较于相关技术，能够保证获取的负极电压的准确性，进而保证对充电电池进行析锂检测的准确性。
并且，检测析锂所需的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例等参数均较容易获取，使得该析锂检测方法较容易实施。同时，检测析锂所需的数据均为现有电池管理系统能够采集的数据，其对电流和电压等传感器没有额外的要求，能够方便地部署在电池管理系统中，无需增加硬件成本，具有较好的适用性。
本申请实施例还提供了另一种充电电池析锂的检测装置，如图25所示，该充电电池的析锂检测装置40包括：
第一获取模块401，用于基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和充电电池 的目标电压，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压。
第二获取模块402，用于基于至少两组充电参数，获取在目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系。
判断模块403，用于当相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。
可选的，目标电压为极化电压时，第一获取模块401，具体用于：基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在目标荷电状态下的端电压；基于目标荷电状态、及充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取目标荷电状态对应的目标开路电压；分别基于至少两次充电过程中获取的端电压和目标开路电压，获取至少两次充电过程中充电电池在目标荷电状态下的极化电压。
可选的，如图26所示，充电电池的析锂检测装置40还包括：
第三获取模块404，用于基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系；基于第一参考电池的开路电压与第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系。
可选的，指定相关性关系基于历史充电过程中，充电电池在目标荷电状态下的目标电压与小于参考电流阈值的充电电流得到。
可选的，至少两组充电参数包括：在充电电池当前正在充电的过程中，将充电电池充电至目标荷电状态下的至少一组充电参数。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测装置，通过第一获取模块基于充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，基于至少两组充电参数，第二获取模块获取在目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系，判断模块在相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。其中，每组充电参数包括：充电电池的充电电流和目标电压，目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压。由于在该检测析锂过程中所需的充电参数均较容易获取，且获取时无需使用参考电极，因此，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法相较于相关技术，能够保证获取的负极电压的准确性，进而保证对充电电池进行析锂检测的准确性。
并且，检测析锂所需的荷电状态、端电压和极化比例等参数均较容易获取，使得该析锂检测方法较容易实施。同时，检测析锂所需的数据均为现有电池管理系统能够采集的数据，其对电流和电压等传感器没有额外的要求，能够方便地部署在电池管理系统中，无需增加硬件成本，具有较好的适用性。
本申请实施例还提供了一种充电电池的极化比例的获取装置，如图27所示，该充电电池的极化比例的获取装置50包括：
第一获取模块501，用于获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压。
第二获取模块502，用于获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的负极极化电压。
第三获取模块503，用于基于充电电池的负极极化电压和充电电池的极化电压，获取充电电池的极化比例。
可选的，第一获取模块501，具体用于：获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的荷电状态和充电电池的端电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压；基于充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的端电压，获取充电电池的极化电压。
可选的，第一获取模块501，具体用于：获取充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与充电电池的荷电状态对应的充电电池的开路电压。
可选的，第二获取模块502，具体用于：获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的荷电状态和充电电池的负极电压；基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的负极开路电压；基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极电压，获取充电电池的负极极化电压。
可选的，第二获取模块502，具体用于：获取充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；基于充电电池的荷电状态，查询充电电池的负极开路电压与充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与充电电池的荷电状态对应的充电电池的负极开路电压。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的充电电池的极化比例的获取装置，通过获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时充电电池的极化电压和负极极化电压，并基于充电电池的负极极化电压和充电电池的极化电压，能够获取充电电池的极化比例，提供了获取充电电池的极化比例的一种较易实现的方式。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的装置和模块的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机设备。如图28所示，该计算机设备600包括处理器610，通信接口620、存储器630和总线640。其中，处理器610，通信接口620和存储器630之间通过总线640相互连接。
该总线640可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图28中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
存储器630可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)、快闪存储器(flash memory)，硬盘(hard disk drive，HDD)或固态硬盘(solid-state drive，SSD)。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data date SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。
处理器610可以是硬件芯片，用于完成本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法。该硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，可编程逻辑 器件(programmable logic device，PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device，CPLD)，现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)，通用阵列逻辑(generic array logic,GAL)或其任意组合。或者，处理器610也可以是通用处理器，例如，中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，网络处理器(network processor，NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。
相应地，存储器630用于存储程序指令，处理器610调用该存储器630中存储的程序指令，可以执行本申请实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法中的一个或多个步骤，或其中可选的实施方式，使得计算机设备600实现上述方法实施例提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法。例如，处理器610调用该存储器620中存储的程序指令，计算机设备600可以执行以下步骤：基于充电电池的荷电状态，获取充电电池的开路电压和充电电池的负极开路电压；基于充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取充电电池的负极极化电压，充电电池的极化比例表示充电电池处于析锂临界点时，充电电池的负极极化电压占充电电池的极化电压的比例；基于充电电池的负极开路电压和充电电池的负极极化电压，获取充电电池的负极电压；基于充电电池的负极电压，判断充电电池是否发生析锂。并且，计算机设备600通过执行存储器620中的计算机指令，执行该步骤的实现过程可以相应参考上述方法实施例中对应的描述。
通信接口630可以实现与其他器件之间的通信连接。通信接口630可以是以下器件的任一种或任一种组合：网络接口(如以太网接口)、无线网卡等具有网络接入功能的器件。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质可以为非瞬态的可读存储介质，当计算机可读存储介质中的指令被计算机执行时，该计算机用于执行本申请提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法。该计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器，例如随机访问存储器，非易失性存储器，例如快闪存储器、硬盘(hard disk drive，HDD)、固态硬盘(solid state drive，SSD)。
本申请还提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机指令，在被计算机设备执行时，该计算机设备执行本申请提供的充电电池的析锂检测方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片，该芯片包括可编程逻辑电路和/或程序指令，当该芯片运行时用于实现如上述方面所提供的任务调度方法。
应当理解的是，在本申请实施例中提及的“和/或”，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例中，术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。术语“至少一个”是指一个或多个，术语“多个”指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中， 上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本申请的示例性实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种充电电池的析锂检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的开路电压和所述充电电池的负极开路电压；
    基于所述充电电池的开路电压、所述充电电池的端电压和所述充电电池的极化比例，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压，所述充电电池的极化比例表示所述充电电池处于析锂临界点时，所述充电电池的负极极化电压占所述充电电池的极化电压的比例；
    基于所述充电电池的负极开路电压和所述充电电池的负极极化电压，获取所述充电电池的负极电压；
    基于所述充电电池的负极电压，判断所述充电电池是否发生析锂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述充电电池的负极电压，判断所述充电电池是否发生析锂，包括：
    当所述充电电池的负极电压小于参考电压阈值时，判断所述充电电池发生析锂。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述充电电池的开路电压、充电电池的端电压和充电电池的极化比例，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压，包括：
    基于所述充电电池的开路电压、所述充电电池的端电压和第一参考关系，获取所述充电电池的极化电压，所述第一参考关系为所述充电电池的开路电压、所述充电电池的端电压和所述充电电池的极化电压之间的关系；
    基于所述充电电池的极化电压和所述充电电池的极化比例，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述基于所述充电电池的开路电压、所述充电电池的端电压和所述充电电池的极化比例，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压之前，所述方法还包括：
    获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述第一参考电池的极化电压；
    获取所述第一参考电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压和所述第一参考电池的极化电压，获取所述充电电池的极化比例。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述第一参考电池的极化电压，包括：
    获取所述第一参考电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述第一参考电池的荷电状态和所述第一参考电池的端电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述第一参考电池的开路电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的开路电压、所述第一参考电池的端电压和第二参考关系，获取所述第一参考电池的极化电压，所述第二参考关系为所述第一参考电池的开路电压、所述第一参考电池的端电压和所述第一参考电池的极化电压之间的关系。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取所述第一参考电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压，包括：
    获取所述第一参考电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述第一参考电池的荷电状态和所述第一参考电池的负极电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压与所述第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压、所述第一参考电池的负极电压和第三参考关系，获取所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压，所述第三参考关系为所述第一参考电池的负极电压、所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压和所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压之间的关系。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的开路电压和所述充电电池的负极开路电压，包括：
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述充电电池的开路电压；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述充电电池的负极开路电压。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的开路电压和所述充电电池的负极开路电压之前，所述方法还包括：
    基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；和/或，
    基于对第二参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取所述第二参考电池的开路电压与所述第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于所述第二参考电池的开路电压与所述第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，所述第二参考电池的正极材料与所述第一参考电池的负极材料相同，且所述第二参考电池的负极电压恒定。
  9. 一种充电电池的析锂检测装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    第一获取模块，用于基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的开路电压和所述充电电池的负极开路电压；
    第二获取模块，用于基于所述充电电池的开路电压、所述充电电池的端电压和所述充电 电池的极化比例，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压，所述充电电池的极化比例表示所述充电电池处于析锂临界点时，所述充电电池的负极极化电压占所述充电电池的极化电压的比例；
    第三获取模块，用于基于所述充电电池的负极开路电压和所述充电电池的负极极化电压，获取所述充电电池的负极电压；
    判断模块，用于基于所述充电电池的负极电压，判断所述充电电池是否发生析锂。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述判断模块，具体用于：
    当所述充电电池的负极电压小于参考电压阈值时，判断所述充电电池发生析锂。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二获取模块，具体用于：
    基于所述充电电池的开路电压、所述充电电池的端电压和第一参考关系，获取所述充电电池的极化电压，所述第一参考关系为所述充电电池的开路电压、所述充电电池的端电压和所述充电电池的极化电压之间的关系；
    基于所述充电电池的极化电压和所述充电电池的极化比例，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    第四获取模块，用于获取第一参考电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述第一参考电池的极化电压；
    第五获取模块，用于获取所述第一参考电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压；
    第六获取模块，用于基于所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压和所述第一参考电池的极化电压，获取所述充电电池的极化比例。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第四获取模块，具体用于：
    获取所述第一参考电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述第一参考电池的荷电状态和所述第一参考电池的端电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述第一参考电池的开路电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的开路电压、所述第一参考电池的端电压和第二参考关系，获取所述第一参考电池的极化电压，所述第二参考关系为所述第一参考电池的开路电压、所述第一参考电池的端电压和所述第一参考电池的极化电压之间的关系。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第五获取模块，具体用于：
    获取所述第一参考电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述第一参考电池的荷电状态和所述第一参考电池的负极电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的荷电状态，查询所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压与所述第一参考电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压；
    基于所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压、所述第一参考电池的负极电压和第三参考关系， 获取所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压，所述第三参考关系为所述第一参考电池的负极电压、所述第一参考电池的负极开路电压和所述第一参考电池的负极极化电压之间的关系。
  15. 根据权利要求9至14任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一获取模块，具体用于：
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述充电电池的开路电压；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到所述充电电池的负极开路电压。
  16. 根据权利要求13至15任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    第七获取模块，用于基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；和/或，
    所述第七获取模块，用于基于对第二参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取所述第二参考电池的开路电压与所述第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，基于所述第二参考电池的开路电压与所述第二参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，所述第二参考电池的正极材料与所述第一参考电池的负极材料相同，且所述第二参考电池的负极电压恒定。
  17. 一种充电电池析锂的检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    基于所述充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取所述充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，每组充电参数包括：所述充电电池的充电电流和所述充电电池的目标电压，所述目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压；
    基于所述至少两组充电参数，获取在所述目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系；
    当所述相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断所述充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标电压为极化电压，所述基于所述充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取所述充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，包括：
    基于所述充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取所述充电电池在所述目标荷电状态下的端电压；
    基于所述目标荷电状态、及所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取所述目标荷电状态对应的目标开路电压；
    分别基于至少两次充电过程中获取的端电压和目标开路电压，获取所述至少两次充电过程中所述充电电池在所述目标荷电状态下的极化电压。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述基于所述充电电池的至少两次充 电过程，分别获取所述充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数之前，所述方法还包括：
    基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系；
    基于所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系。
  20. 根据权利要求17至19任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述指定相关性关系基于历史充电过程中，所述充电电池在所述目标荷电状态下的目标电压与小于参考电流阈值的充电电流得到。
  21. 根据权利要求17至20任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少两组充电参数包括：在所述充电电池当前正在充电的过程中，将所述充电电池充电至所述目标荷电状态下的至少一组充电参数。
  22. 一种充电电池析锂的检测装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    第一获取模块，用于基于所述充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取所述充电电池在同一目标荷电状态下的至少两组充电参数，每组充电参数包括：所述充电电池的充电电流和所述充电电池的目标电压，所述目标电压包括：极化电压或端电压；
    第二获取模块，用于基于所述至少两组充电参数，获取在所述目标荷电状态下目标电压与充电电流的相关性关系；
    判断模块，用于当所述相关性关系不符合指定相关性关系时，判断所述充电电池在充电过程中发生析锂。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述目标电压为极化电压，所述第一获取模块，具体用于：
    基于所述充电电池的至少两次充电过程，分别获取所述充电电池在所述目标荷电状态下的端电压；
    基于所述目标荷电状态、及所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，获取所述目标荷电状态对应的目标开路电压；
    分别基于至少两次充电过程中获取的端电压和目标开路电压，获取所述至少两次充电过程中所述充电电池在所述目标荷电状态下的极化电压。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    第三获取模块，用于基于对第一参考电池进行的充放电测试，获取所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系；
    所述第三获取模块，用于基于所述第一参考电池的开路电压与所述第一参考电池的剩余容量的对应关系，获取所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系。
  25. 根据权利要求22至24任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述指定相关性关系基于历史充电过程中，所述充电电池在所述目标荷电状态下的目标电压与小于参考电流阈值的充电电流得到。
  26. 根据权利要求22至25任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少两组充电参数包括：在所述充电电池当前正在充电的过程中，将所述充电电池充电至所述目标荷电状态下的至少一组充电参数。
  27. 一种充电电池的极化比例的获取方法，其特征在于，所述充电电池的极化比例的获取方法包括：
    获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述充电电池的极化电压；
    获取所述充电电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述充电电池的负极极化电压；
    基于所述充电电池的负极极化电压和所述充电电池的极化电压，获取所述充电电池的极化比例。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述充电电池的极化电压，包括：
    获取所述充电电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述充电电池的荷电状态和所述充电电池的端电压；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的开路电压；
    基于所述充电电池的开路电压和所述充电电池的端电压，获取所述充电电池的极化电压。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的开路电压，包括：
    获取所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与所述充电电池的荷电状态对应的所述充电电池的开路电压。
  30. 根据权利要求27至29任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取所述充电电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时的所述充电电池的负极极化电压，包括：
    获取所述充电电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述充电电池的荷电状态和所述充电电池的负极电压；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的负极开路电压；
    基于所述充电电池的负极开路电压和所述充电电池的负极电压，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的负极开路电压，包括：
    获取所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与所述充电电池的荷电状态对应的所述充电电池的负极开路电压。
  32. 一种充电电池的极化比例的获取装置，其特征在于，所述充电电池的极化比例的获取装置包括：
    第一获取模块，用于获取充电电池使用目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述充电电池的极化电压；
    第二获取模块，用于获取所述充电电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时所述充电电池的负极极化电压；
    第三获取模块，用于基于所述充电电池的负极极化电压和所述充电电池的极化电压，获取所述充电电池的极化比例。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一获取模块，具体用于：
    获取所述充电电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述充电电池的荷电状态和所述充电电池的端电压；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的开路电压；
    基于所述充电电池的开路电压和所述充电电池的端电压，获取所述充电电池的极化电压。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一获取模块，具体用于：
    获取所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与所述充电电池的荷电状态对应的所述充电电池的开路电压。
  35. 根据权利要求32至34任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二获取模块，具体用于：
    获取所述充电电池使用所述目标充电电流充电处于析锂临界点时，所述充电电池的荷电状态和所述充电电池的负极电压；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，获取所述充电电池的负极开路电压；
    基于所述充电电池的负极开路电压和所述充电电池的负极电压，获取所述充电电池的负极极化电压。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二获取模块，具体用于：
    获取所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系；
    基于所述充电电池的荷电状态，查询所述充电电池的负极开路电压与所述充电电池的荷电状态的对应关系，得到与所述充电电池的荷电状态对应的所述充电电池的负极开路电压。
  37. 一种计算机设备，其特征在于，所述计算机设备包括：处理器和存储器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时，所述计算机设备实现权利要求 1至8任一所述的方法，或者，实现权利要求17至21任一所述的方法，或者，实现权利要求27至31任一所述的方法。
  38. 一种存储介质，其特征在于，当所述存储介质中的指令被处理器执行时，实现权利要求1至8任一所述的方法，或者，实现权利要求17至21任一所述的方法，或者，实现权利要求27至31任一所述的方法。
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