WO2021215622A1 - 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021215622A1 WO2021215622A1 PCT/KR2021/000419 KR2021000419W WO2021215622A1 WO 2021215622 A1 WO2021215622 A1 WO 2021215622A1 KR 2021000419 W KR2021000419 W KR 2021000419W WO 2021215622 A1 WO2021215622 A1 WO 2021215622A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lithium metal
- electrolyte
- carbonate
- lithium
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- -1 cyclic fluorinated carbonate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WVRJJXQSRCWPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OCCOC(F)(F)C(F)F WVRJJXQSRCWPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1COC(=O)O1 GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZKNHDJMXIUOHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CCOCC(F)(F)F ZKNHDJMXIUOHLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013292 LiNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXPZICSHDHGMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Mn].[Li] NXPZICSHDHGMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045110 chitosan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003214 poly(methacrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery that can be applied to a lithium metal secondary battery using lithium metal as an anode active material to improve the lifespan characteristics of the battery.
- lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990s are in the spotlight because of their high operating voltage and significantly higher energy density than conventional batteries such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd, and lead sulfate batteries that use aqueous electrolyte solutions. are receiving
- lithium metal As an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery, lithium metal, carbon-based material, silicon, etc. are used. Among these, lithium metal has the advantage of obtaining the highest energy density, and thus continuous research is being conducted.
- a lithium electrode using lithium metal as an active material is typically manufactured by using a flat copper or nickel foil as a current collector and attaching a lithium foil thereon.
- a method of using a lithium foil itself as a lithium electrode without a separate current collector, assembling a battery using only a current collector without a lithium foil, and then forming a lithium metal layer by charging and discharging the battery and using it as a negative electrode are known. .
- lithium batteries are variously named, such as lithium metal batteries and lithium-free batteries, but are commonly referred to as lithium metal secondary batteries in that lithium metal is used as an anode.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solution having excellent stability with respect to lithium metal so as to solve the above problems and improve life performance by suppressing side reactions of the electrolyte solution.
- an electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery comprising a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent
- the lithium salt comprises lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide
- the non-aqueous solvent is 1 ,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane
- cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvents and a solvent comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a chain carbonate, a chain ester, and a chain ether solvent; including, the 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) ) Ethane is provided as an electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery contained in an amount of 5% by volume to 30% by volume based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent.
- the 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane may be included in an amount of 10% by volume to 20% by volume based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent may include at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, and trifluoromethylethylene carbonate.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent may be included in an amount of 5 to 30% by volume based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent, specifically 10 to 20% by volume based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent. may be included.
- the chain carbonate may include at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate.
- the chain ester may include at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
- the chain ether may include at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methylpropyl ether, and ethylpropyl ether.
- the at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of the chain carbonate, the chain ester, and the chain ether solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, dimethyl ether , and may include at least one selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether.
- the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide may be included in an amount of 20 to 50% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte, and specifically, may be included in an amount of 25 to 40% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte.
- a positive electrode a negative electrode made of only the negative electrode current collector, or containing lithium metal coated on the negative electrode current collector, or made of lithium metal; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; And a lithium metal secondary battery comprising the electrolyte is provided.
- the positive electrode may include a lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese-based compound or lithium cobalt oxide as a positive electrode active material.
- the electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery is an electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery comprising a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent, wherein the lithium salt includes lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and the ratio
- the aqueous solvent is 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane; cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvents; and a solvent comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a chain carbonate, a chain ester, and a chain ether solvent; including, the 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) ) ethane is included in an amount of 5% by volume to 30% by volume based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied the composition of a non-aqueous electrolyte suitable for use in a lithium metal secondary battery containing lithium metal as an anode active material, and as a result, when the electrolyte satisfying the composition of the present invention is applied to a lithium metal battery,
- the present invention was completed by confirming that it exhibits significantly improved stability compared to the electrolyte, and improves battery life, high-rate charging performance, and high-temperature performance.
- Such an effect of the present invention can be secured only when the combination of the lithium salt and the solvent is satisfied, and it is difficult to achieve when any one of the above components is insufficient.
- TFEE 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane
- TFEE has the effect of improving the battery life characteristics by suppressing the side reaction between lithium metal and the electrolyte, and improving the impregnability of the electrode and the separator by reducing the viscosity of the electrolyte, thereby improving the lithium ion conductivity.
- the above effect may be exhibited when the content of TFEE is included in an amount of 5% by volume to 30% by volume based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent used in the electrolyte solution.
- the TFEE is preferably 10% by volume or more, 25% by volume or less, or 20% by volume or less based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent. it is preferable
- a cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent is included.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent is not particularly limited as long as at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine in the cyclic carbonate-based solvent used as a solvent of an electrolyte solution.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent may include at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, and trifluoromethylethylene carbonate, preferably fluoroethylene carbonate.
- the cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent is preferably included in an amount of 5% by volume or more, or 10% by volume or more, and 30% by volume or less, or 20% by volume or less, based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent. If the content of the cyclic fluorocarbonate-based solvent is less than 5% by volume, the effect of inhibiting the side reaction of the electrolyte cannot be ensured, and when it exceeds 30% by volume, the lithium salt may not be sufficiently dissociated and thus the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte may not be secured.
- the electrolyte of the present invention is a non-aqueous solvent, one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of chain carbonates, chain esters, and chain ether solvents (hereinafter referred to as chain solvents). ) is included.
- An electrolyte prepared by mixing such a chain solvent with TFEE and a cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent with a LiFSI salt exhibits excellent stability to lithium metal, but an electrolyte of a combination of a cyclic solvent and TFEE, cyclic fluorinated carbonate, and LiFSI This effect cannot be achieved, which can be confirmed from the results of Examples to be described later.
- the chain solvent may be used in an amount of 50% by volume or more, or 60% by volume or more, and 85% by volume or less, 80% by volume or less based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent of the electrolyte solution.
- the chain solvent may fill the remainder except for the TFEE and the cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be composed of TFEE, a cyclic fluorinated carbonate-based solvent, and a chain solvent. In other words, other solvents other than these may not be further included.
- chain solvent a chain solvent typically used in an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may be used without limitation.
- the chain carbonate may include at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate.
- the chain ester may include at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
- the chain ether may include at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methylpropyl ether, and ethylpropyl ether.
- the at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of the chain carbonate, the chain ester, and the chain ether solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, dimethyl ether, And it may include at least one selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether.
- the electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery of the present invention includes lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as a lithium salt.
- LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
- the content of LiFSI is preferably 20 to 50% by weight, or 25 to 40% by weight, or 31 to 40% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte. If the content of LiFSI is less than 20% by weight, there is a problem of corrosion of the positive electrode current collector (eg, aluminum foil) and elution of the transition metal of the positive electrode active material, and if it exceeds 50% by weight, performance degradation due to low ionic conductivity and high viscosity It is not preferable because there may be a problem of lowering of impregnability.
- the electrolyte of the present invention may include only LiFSI as a lithium salt, or may further include other lithium salts in addition to LiFSI.
- the lithium salt included in addition to LiFSI is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte, since lifespan performance of the lithium metal battery can be secured.
- Lithium salts that may be included in addition to LiFSI include LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiSCN, LiC 4 BO 8 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, lithium chloroborane, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, lithium tetraphenyl borate, lithium imide, and the like.
- the total concentration of LiFSI and other lithium salts in the electrolyte is preferably 1.8 M (mol/L) or more.
- a side reaction between the lithium metal and the electrolyte can be suppressed, and the effect of preventing corrosion of the positive electrode current collector and elution of the transition metal of the positive electrode active material can be secured.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte may be 2.0 M or more, or 2.3 M or more, and 4.0 M or less, or 3.0 M or less.
- concentration of the lithium salt is too high, there may be problems of performance degradation due to low ionic conductivity and deterioration of impregnation property due to high viscosity, so it is appropriately adjusted within the above range.
- the electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery of the present invention contains TFEE in an amount of 5% to 30% by volume based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent, in addition to the cyclic fluorinated carbonate, and the chain solvent, lithium Including LiFSI as a salt, it exhibits excellent stability with respect to a lithium metal electrode, and has an effect of significantly reducing side reactions during battery operation. Accordingly, when the electrolyte solution of the present invention is applied to a lithium metal secondary battery, the battery life characteristics, high-rate charging performance, and high-temperature performance can be improved.
- the lithium metal secondary battery including the electrolyte.
- the lithium metal secondary battery is made of only a positive electrode, a negative electrode current collector, or includes a lithium metal coated on the negative electrode current collector, or a negative electrode made of lithium metal, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and and the electrolyte.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer coated on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive active material layer may include a positive active material, a binder, and optionally a conductive material.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, or carbon, nickel on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , titanium, silver or the like surface-treated may be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may use various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam, nonwoven body, etc. having fine irregularities formed on the surface so as to increase adhesion with the positive electrode active material.
- cathode active material a compound known in the art as a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used without limitation.
- lithium-manganese oxide eg, LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.
- lithium-cobalt-based oxide eg, LiCoO 2 , etc.
- lithium-nickel-based oxide eg, LiNiO 2 2, etc.
- lithium-nickel-manganese oxides eg, LiNi 1-Y Mn Y O 2 (here, 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z Ni z O 4 (here, 0 ⁇ Z) ⁇ 2), etc.
- lithium-nickel-cobalt-based oxides for example, LiNi 1-Y1 Co Y1 O 2 (here, 0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1), etc.
- lithium-manganese-cobalt-based oxides for example, , LiCo 1-Y2 Mn Y2 O 2 (here, 0 ⁇ Y2 ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-Z1 Co Z1 O 4 (here, 0 ⁇ Z1 ⁇ 2), etc.
- the positive electrode active material includes a lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese compound or lithium cobalt oxide to prevent side reactions of the electrolyte according to the present invention and achieve the effect of improving lifespan characteristics. is preferable to
- the binder is used for bonding the electrode active material and the conductive material and bonding to the current collector.
- Non-limiting examples of such binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polymethacrylic acid (PMA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polyacrylamide.
- PAM polymethacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethacrylonitrile, polyimide (PI), alginic acid, alginate, chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) , fluororubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- the conductive material is used to further improve the conductivity of the electrode active material.
- a conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- a method of manufacturing the positive electrode is not particularly limited.
- an active material slurry prepared by mixing an active material, a binder, and optionally a conductive material in an organic solvent may be applied and dried on the current collector, and optionally compression molded on the current collector to improve electrode density.
- the organic solvent As the organic solvent, the active material, the binder, and the conductive material can be uniformly dispersed, and it is preferable to use one that evaporates easily.
- Specific examples include, but are not limited to, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, isopropyl alcohol, and the like.
- the negative electrode is a lithium metal negative electrode using lithium metal as a negative electrode active material.
- the lithium metal negative electrode used when assembling a lithium metal secondary battery may be made of only the negative electrode current collector, may include lithium metal coated on the negative electrode current collector, or may be made of lithium metal.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, carbon, nickel on the surface of copper or stainless steel. , titanium, silver, etc. surface-treated, aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. may be used.
- various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous bodies, foams, nonwovens, etc., in which fine irregularities are formed on the surface or not formed, may be used.
- a copper foil may be used as the negative electrode current collector, but is not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the current collector is less than 5 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to handle in the process, and if it exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the battery thickness and weight are unnecessarily increased, which may affect the battery performance, such as a decrease in energy density, so the above range is preferable .
- lithium ions transferred from the positive electrode due to initial charging and discharging after battery assembly are irreversibly plated on the negative electrode current collector to form a lithium metal layer, and then the lithium metal layer It can act as this negative electrode active material layer.
- a negative electrode containing lithium metal as an active material may be used from the time of assembly of the battery, and in this case, a method of coating the lithium metal on the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited.
- a method of laminating a thin film of lithium metal on the current collector and then rolling, and a method of electrolytic or electroless plating of lithium metal on the current collector may be used.
- the thickness of the lithium metal layer of the negative electrode is not particularly limited, but may be 10 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more, and 50 ⁇ m or less, or 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but may be 10 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more, and 50 ⁇ m or less, or 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move, and any one commonly used in lithium batteries may be used. That is, one having low resistance to ion movement of the electrolyte and excellent moisture content of the electrolyte may be used.
- it is selected from glass fiber, polyester, Teflon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or a combination thereof, and may be in the form of a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric.
- a polyolefin-based polymer separator such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or a separator including a coating layer containing a ceramic component or a polymer material to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength may be used, and such a separator may be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure can
- a separator prepared by coating a ceramic coating material containing ceramic particles and an ionic binder polymer on both sides of a polyolefin-based polymer substrate may be used as the separator.
- the method for manufacturing the lithium metal secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, an electrode assembly is manufactured by sequentially stacking the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode, put it in a battery case, and then put the present invention on the upper part of the case It may be manufactured by injecting an electrolyte according to the method and sealing it with a cap plate and a gasket.
- the shape of the lithium secondary battery as described above is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a jelly-roll type, a stack type, a stack-folding type (including a stack-Z-folding type), or a lamination-stack type.
- the lithium metal secondary battery prepared as described above has significantly less side reaction between the lithium metal electrode and the electrolyte, it can exhibit excellent battery life characteristics and high-rate charging performance.
- NCM 811 LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2
- carbon black as a conductive material
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- N-methylpyrrolidone N-methylpyrrolidone
- a cathode active material slurry having a weight ratio of conductive material: binder of 96:2:2 was prepared. Then, the positive electrode active material slurry was coated on both sides of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m, rolled, and dried to prepare a positive electrode having a loading of 3.8 mAh/cm 2 .
- a lithium metal negative electrode was prepared by laminating and rolling a lithium metal foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m on one surface of a copper foil having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m.
- Electrolytes of Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared with the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate (linear carbonate)
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- TFEE 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane.
- the content of the lithium salt is weight % based on the total weight of the electrolyte
- the content of each solvent is the volume % of each solvent based on the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent.
- Lithium salt (wt%) Solvent (vol %) Lithium salt concentration (M) LiFSI DMC FEC TFEE Comparative Example 1 38 80 20 0 2.7 Comparative Example 2 21 40 10 50 1.6 Comparative Example 3 36 75 0 25 2.7 Example 1 32 64 16 20 2.3 Example 2 25 50 33 17 1.8 Example 3 55 64 16 20 3.5
- the separator and the negative electrode of (2) were laminated on both sides of the positive electrode of (1), and a pouch-type bicell having a capacity of 125 mAh was fabricated in the order of negative electrode/separator/positive electrode/separator/negative electrode.
- a separator coated with alumina having a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m on both sides of a polyethylene fabric having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was used as the separator.
- Capacity retention rate (%) (discharge capacity in the nth cycle/discharge capacity in the first cycle)*100
- the electrolyte solution for a lithium metal secondary battery of the present invention has excellent stability to lithium metal, and thus has few electrolyte side reactions. Accordingly, it can be applied to a lithium metal secondary battery to improve battery life characteristics, high rate charging performance, and high temperature performance.
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Abstract
Description
리튬염(wt%) | 용매(vol %) | 리튬염농도(M) | |||
LiFSI | DMC | FEC | TFEE | ||
비교예 1 | 38 | 80 | 20 | 0 | 2.7 |
비교예 2 | 21 | 40 | 10 | 50 | 1.6 |
비교예 3 | 36 | 75 | 0 | 25 | 2.7 |
실시예 1 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 20 | 2.3 |
실시예 2 | 25 | 50 | 33 | 17 | 1.8 |
실시예 3 | 55 | 64 | 16 | 20 | 3.5 |
25 ℃ 수명 성능
(용량 유지율 80%) |
45 ℃ 수명 성능
(용량 유지율 80%) |
|
비교예 1 | 78 | 66 |
비교예 2 | 49 | 50 |
비교예 3 | 26 | 29 |
실시예 1 | 182 | 215 |
실시예 2 | 111 | 108 |
실시예 3 | 98 | 85 |
Claims (13)
- 리튬염 및 비수계 용매를 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액으로서,상기 리튬염은 리튬 비스(플루오로설포닐)이미드를 포함하고,상기 비수계 용매는 1,2-(1,1,2,2-테트라플루오로에톡시)에테인; 고리형 불화 카보네이트계 용매; 및 사슬형 카보네이트, 사슬형 에스테르, 및 사슬형 에테르로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1 이상을 포함하는 용매;를 포함하며,상기 1,2-(1,1,2,2-테트라플루오로에톡시)에테인은 상기 비수계 용매 총 부피를 기준으로 5 부피% 내지 30 부피%로 포함되는 것인 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 1,2-(1,1,2,2-테트라플루오로에톡시)에테인은 상기 비수계 용매 총 부피를 기준으로 10 부피% 내지 20 부피%로 포함되는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 고리형 불화 카보네이트계 용매는 플루오로에틸렌카보네이트, 디플루오로에틸렌카보네이트, 및 트리플루오로메틸에틸렌카보네이트로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 고리형 불화 카보네이트계 용매는 상기 비수계 용매 총 부피를 기준으로 5 내지 30 부피%로 포함되는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 고리형 불화 카보네이트계 용매는 상기 비수계 용매 총 부피를 기준으로 10 내지 20 부피%로 포함되는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 사슬형 카보네이트는 디메틸카보네이트, 디에틸카보네이트, 디프로필카보네이트, 에틸메틸카보네이트, 메틸프로필카보네이트, 및 에틸프로필카보네이트로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 사슬형 에스테르는 메틸 아세테이트, 에틸 아세테이트, 프로필 아세테이트, 메틸 프로피오네이트, 에틸 프로피오네이트, 및 프로필 프로피오네이트로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 사슬형 에테르는 디메틸 에테르, 디에틸 에테르, 디프로필 에테르, 메틸에틸 에테르, 메틸프로필 에테르, 및 에틸프로필 에테르로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 사슬형 카보네이트, 상기 사슬형 에스테르, 및 상기 사슬형 에테르로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1 이상의 용매는 디메틸카보네이트, 디에틸카보네이트, 메틸프로피오네이트, 에틸프로피오네이트, 디메틸에테르, 및 디에틸에테르로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 비스(플루오로설포닐)이미드는 상기 전해액 총 중량의 20 내지 50 중량%로 포함되는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 리튬 비스(플루오로설포닐)이미드를 상기 전해액 총 중량의 25 내지 40 중량%로 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지용 전해액.
- 양극;음극 집전체만으로 이루어지거나, 또는 상기 음극 집전체 상에 코팅된 리튬 금속을 포함하거나, 리튬 금속으로 이루어진 음극;상기 양극 및 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막; 및제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항의 전해액을 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 양극은 양극 활물질로서, 리튬 니켈-코발트-망간계 화합물 또는 리튬 코발트 산화물을 포함하는 리튬 금속 이차전지.
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US17/768,200 US20240120546A1 (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2021-01-12 | Electrolyte and lithium metal secondary battery comprising same |
JP2022521386A JP7475763B2 (ja) | 2020-04-20 | 2021-01-12 | リチウム金属二次電池用電解液、およびこれを含むリチウム金属二次電池 |
CN202180006239.8A CN114651359A (zh) | 2020-04-20 | 2021-01-12 | 用于锂金属二次电池的电解质和包括其的锂金属二次电池 |
EP21791890.3A EP4037057A4 (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2021-01-12 | ELECTROLYTE FOR LITHIUM-METAL BATTERY AND LITHIUM-METAL BATTERY WITH |
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