WO2021199368A1 - 鋼材 - Google Patents
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- WO2021199368A1 WO2021199368A1 PCT/JP2020/014975 JP2020014975W WO2021199368A1 WO 2021199368 A1 WO2021199368 A1 WO 2021199368A1 JP 2020014975 W JP2020014975 W JP 2020014975W WO 2021199368 A1 WO2021199368 A1 WO 2021199368A1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/22—Martempering
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to steel materials, and more particularly to steel materials suitable for use in a sour environment containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide gas.
- oil wells and gas wells contain a large amount of corrosive substances.
- the corrosive substance is, for example, a corrosive gas such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
- a corrosive gas such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
- an environment containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide gas is referred to as a “sour environment”.
- the temperature of the sour environment is about room temperature to 200 ° C., although it depends on the depth of the well. In the present specification, the normal temperature means 24 ⁇ 3 ° C.
- chromium is effective for improving the carbon dioxide corrosion resistance of steel. Therefore, in an oil well in an environment containing a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, depending on the partial pressure and temperature of carbon dioxide gas, the API L80 13Cr steel material (normal 13Cr steel material), the super 13Cr steel material having a reduced C content, and the like are typified. A martensitic stainless steel material containing about 13% by mass of Cr is used. 13Cr steel or super 13Cr steel is mainly, H 2 S partial pressure is used in oil wells following mild sour environment 0.03Bar.
- duplex stainless steel materials having a higher Cr content than 13Cr steel materials and super 13Cr steel materials are applied.
- duplex stainless steel is more expensive than 13Cr steel and super 13Cr steel. Therefore, even at low Cr content than the duplex stainless steel, for use in highly corrosive sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03bar super ⁇ 0.1 bar is capable steel is demanded.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-503809
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-192196
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-246107
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-136742
- Patent Document 4 proposes a steel material having excellent SSC resistance.
- the steel material of Patent Document 1 is C: 0.005 to 0.05%, Si ⁇ 0.50%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.0%, P ⁇ 0.03%, S ⁇ 0 in weight%. It contains .005%, Mo: 1.0 to 3.0%, Cu: 1.0 to 4.0%, Ni: 5 to 8%, Al ⁇ 0.06%, and the balance consists of Fe and impurities. , Cr + 1.6Mo ⁇ 13, and 40C + 34N + Ni + 0.3Cu-1.1Cr-1.8Mo ⁇ -10.5.
- the microstructure of martensitic stainless steel in this document is a tempered martensitic structure. It is described in Patent Document 1 that the SSC resistance can be enhanced by containing 1.0 to 3.0% of Mo.
- the steel material of Patent Document 2 is C: 0.001 to 0.05%, Si: 0.05 to 1%, Mn: 0.05 to 2%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 9 to 14%, Mo: 3.1 to 7%, Ni: 1 to 8%, Co: 0.5 to 7%, sol.
- Mo is contained, the Ms point is lowered. Therefore, by containing Co together with Mo, the decrease in the Ms point is suppressed and the microstructure becomes a martensite single-phase structure. It is described in Patent Document 2 that this makes it possible to improve the SSC resistance while maintaining the strength of 80 ksi or more (552 MPa or more).
- the chemical composition of the martensite-based stainless steel of Patent Document 3 is C: 0.005% to 0.05%, Si: 0.05% to 0.5%, Mn: 0.1% to 1 in% by weight. .0%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.015% or less, Cr: 12 to 15%, Ni: 4.5% to 9.0%, Cu: 1% to 3%, Mo: 2 It contains% to 3%, W: 0.1% to 3%, Al: 0.005 to 0.2%, N: 0.005% to 0.1%, and the balance consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities. ..
- the chemical composition further satisfies 40C + 34N + Ni + 0.3Cu + Co-1.1Cr-1.8Mo-0.9W ⁇ -10.
- the martensite-based stainless seamless steel pipe of Patent Document 4 has C: 0.01% or less, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 2.0%, P: 0.03% in mass%.
- the martensitic stainless seamless steel pipe of this document has a yield strength of 655 to 862 MPa and a yield ratio of 0.90 or more.
- the strength is 655 MPa or more. It is described in Patent Document 4 that excellent SSC resistance can be obtained.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 above by adjusting the content of elements in the chemical composition, means to improve the SSC resistance in sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar Is proposing. However, by other means other than means proposed in Patent Document described above, may increase the SSC resistance in a sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a steel material having excellent SSC resistance.
- the steel materials according to this disclosure are The chemical composition is mass%, C: 0.035% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, sol. Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.001 to 0.020%, Ni: 5.00 to 7.00%, Cr: 10.00-14.00%, Cu: 1.50 to 3.50%, Mo: 1.00 to 4.00%, V: 0.01-1.00%, Ti: 0.02 to 0.30%, Co: 0.01-0.50%, Ca: 0.0003 to 0.0030%, O: 0.0050% or less, W: 0 to 1.50%, Nb: 0 to 0.50%, B: 0 to 0.0050%, Mg: 0 to 0.0050%, Rare earth element (REM): 0 to 0.020%, and The rest consists of Fe and impurities, Among the inclusions in the steel material, Mn sulfide having a Mn content of 10% or more, an
- the steel material according to the present disclosure has excellent SSC resistance.
- the present inventors have in particular the steel having excellent SSC resistance in sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar, was investigated.
- the present inventors have initially examined the chemical composition of the steel may have excellent SSC resistance in sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar.
- C 0.035% or less
- Si 1.00% or less
- Mn 1.00% or less
- P 0.030% or less
- S 0.0050% or less
- the present inventors investigated the cause of the decrease in SSC resistance in the steel material having the above-mentioned chemical composition. As a result, the present inventors obtained the following findings.
- the present inventors suppressed the formation of large-sized Mn sulfide in the case of a steel material having the above-mentioned chemical composition, thereby suppressing the surface dent caused by the dissolution of the Mn sulfide. It was thought that the SSC resistance of steel materials could be improved. Therefore, the present inventors considered that if 0.0003 to 0.0030% by mass of Ca is further contained in the above chemical composition, the formation of Mn sulfide having a large size can be suppressed. That is, in terms of mass%, C: 0.035% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, sol.
- REM rare earth element
- Ca binds to S to form Ca sulfide.
- the formation of Ca sulfide reduces the amount of S that binds to Mn. Therefore, the formation of Mn sulfide having a large size is suppressed.
- manufactures steel of the chemical composition contained Ca were investigated SSC resistance in a sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar. As a result, it was found that although the formation of Mn sulfide having a large size could be suppressed, the SSC resistance may still be low. Therefore, the present inventors further investigated and investigated the cause of the low SSC resistance. As a result, it was found that when the above-mentioned content of Ca is contained, the SSC resistance may be lowered by the following mechanism.
- Ca sulfide is formed and the formation of Mn sulfide having a large size is suppressed.
- Ca sulfides itself as with Mn sulfide, easily dissolved in a sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar. Therefore, when a large-sized Ca sulfide is present on the surface layer of the steel material, it dissolves and a dent is formed on the surface of the steel material in the same manner as the Mn sulfide. SSC may be generated due to the surface dent caused by this Ca sulfide.
- the present inventors can suppress the formation of large-sized Mn sulfides as well as the formation of large-sized Ca sulfides in steel materials having the above-mentioned chemical composition, if 110 ksi can be suppressed. or even when having a high strength (above 758 MPa), 0.03 were considered SSC resistance excellent in sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of the ultrasonic ⁇ 0.1 bar is obtained. Therefore, the present inventors have a yield strength of 110 ksi or more (758 MPa or more) if the total number of large-sized Mn sulfides and large-sized Ca sulfides per unit area is suppressed.
- the steel material of the present embodiment is a steel material having a Cr content of 10.00% or more, and the surface of the steel material formed by Mn sulfide and Ca sulfide, which are inclusions that dissolve in the sour environment among the inclusions. It was completed from the viewpoint of suppressing the dent of.
- the steel material of the present embodiment has the following constitution.
- the chemical composition is mass%, C: 0.035% or less, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, sol. Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.001 to 0.020%, Ni: 5.00 to 7.00%, Cr: 10.00-14.00%, Cu: 1.50 to 3.50%, Mo: 1.00 to 4.00%, V: 0.01-1.00%, Ti: 0.02 to 0.30%, Co: 0.01-0.50%, Ca: 0.0003 to 0.0030%, O: 0.0050% or less, W: 0 to 1.50%, Nb: 0 to 0.50%, B: 0 to 0.0050%, Mg: 0 to 0.0050%, Rare earth element (REM): 0 to 0.020%, and The rest consists of Fe and impurities, Among the inclusions in the steel material, Mn sulfide having a Mn content of 10% or more
- the steel material according to any one of [1] to [3].
- the chemical composition is B: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Mg: 0.0001 to 0.0050% and Rare earth element (REM): Contains one or more selected from the group consisting of 0.001 to 0.020%. Steel material.
- REM Rare earth element
- the steel material according to any one of [1] to [4].
- the steel material is a seamless steel pipe for oil country tubular goods. Steel material.
- C 0.035% or less Carbon (C) is inevitably contained. That is, the C content is more than 0%. C enhances hardenability and enhances the strength of the steel material. However, if the C content exceeds 0.035%, the strength of the steel material becomes too high and the SSC resistance of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the C content is 0.035% or less.
- the C content is preferably as low as possible. However, if the C content is excessively reduced, the manufacturing cost will increase. Therefore, considering industrial production, the preferable lower limit of the C content is 0.001%.
- the lower limit of the C content is preferably 0.002%, more preferably 0.005%, still more preferably 0.007%.
- the preferred upper limit of the C content is 0.030%, more preferably 0.025%, further preferably 0.020%, still more preferably 0.018%, still more preferably 0.016. %, More preferably 0.015%.
- Si Silicon
- Si Silicon
- the lower limit of the Si content is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 0.05%, still more preferably 0.10%, still more preferably 0.15%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Si content is 0.70%, more preferably 0.60%, still more preferably 0.50%, still more preferably 0.45%.
- Mn 1.00% or less Manganese (Mn) is inevitably contained. That is, the Mn content is more than 0%. Mn enhances the hardenability of steel and enhances the strength of the steel material. However, if the Mn content is too high, Mn will form a large number of coarse Mn sulfides. In a sour environment, coarse MnS existing near the surface layer of the steel material may be melted. At this time, a dent, which is a trace of the dissolved MnS, is formed. This dent becomes the starting point of the SSC, and the SSC may occur.
- Mn Manganese
- the Mn content exceeds 1.00%, even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, dents that are traces of dissolved MnS are formed, and the SSC resistance is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.00% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the Mn content is 0.01%, more preferably 0.05%, still more preferably 0.10%, still more preferably 0.15%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Mn content is 0.80%, more preferably 0.70%, still more preferably 0.60%, still more preferably 0.50%.
- Phosphorus (P) is an impurity that is inevitably contained. That is, the P content is more than 0%. P segregates at the grain boundaries and facilitates the generation of SSC. If the P content exceeds 0.030%, the SSC resistance of the steel material is significantly reduced even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the P content is 0.030% or less.
- the preferred upper limit of the P content is 0.025%, more preferably 0.020%, still more preferably 0.018%.
- the P content is preferably as low as possible. However, if the P content is excessively reduced, the manufacturing cost will increase. Therefore, considering industrial production, the preferable lower limit of the P content is 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%, still more preferably 0.003%.
- S 0.0050% or less Sulfur (S) is an impurity that is inevitably contained. That is, the S content is more than 0%. Like P, S also segregates at the grain boundaries, making it easier to generate SSC. If the S content exceeds 0.0050%, the SSC resistance of the steel material is significantly reduced even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the S content is 0.0050% or less.
- the preferred upper limit of the S content is 0.0040%, more preferably 0.0030%, still more preferably 0.0025%, still more preferably 0.0020%, still more preferably 0.0015. %.
- the S content is preferably as low as possible. However, if the S content is excessively reduced, the manufacturing cost will increase. Therefore, considering industrial production, the preferable lower limit of the S content is 0.0001%, more preferably 0.0002%, and even more preferably 0.0003%.
- sol. Al 0.005 to 0.100%
- Aluminum (Al) deoxidizes steel. sol. If the Al content is less than 0.005%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the other element content is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, sol. If the Al content exceeds 0.100%, coarse oxides are generated and the toughness of the steel material is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, sol.
- the Al content is 0.005 to 0.100%. sol.
- the lower limit of the Al content is preferably 0.010%, more preferably 0.013%, still more preferably 0.015%, still more preferably 0.018%. sol.
- the preferred upper limit of the Al content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.060%, still more preferably 0.055%, still more preferably 0.050%.
- Sol. Al content means the content of acid-soluble Al.
- N 0.001 to 0.020%
- Nitrogen (N) combines with Ti to form fine Ti nitrides.
- the fine TiN suppresses the coarsening of crystal grains due to the pinning effect. As a result, the strength of the steel material is increased. If the N content is less than 0.001%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the N content exceeds 0.020%, coarse nitrides are formed and the SSC resistance of the steel material is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the N content is 0.001 to 0.020%.
- the preferable lower limit of the N content is 0.002%, more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.004%, still more preferably 0.005%.
- the preferable upper limit of the N content is 0.018%, more preferably 0.016%, further preferably 0.014%, still more preferably 0.012%.
- Nickel (Ni) is an austenite-forming element that martensites the structure after quenching. This increases the strength of the steel material. Ni also forms sulfides on the passivation film in a sour environment. Ni sulfide, chloride ion (Cl -) and hydrogen sulfide ions (HS -) is prevented from contacting the passive film, suppress the passive film is broken by the chloride ions and hydrogen sulphide ions do. Therefore, the SSC resistance of the steel material is improved. If the Ni content is less than 5.00%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment.
- the Ni content is 5.00 to 7.00%.
- the lower limit of the Ni content is preferably 5.10%, more preferably 5.20%, still more preferably 5.30%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Ni content is 6.80%, more preferably 6.60%, still more preferably 6.50%, still more preferably 6.40%.
- Chromium (Cr) forms a passivation film on the surface of the steel material to enhance the SSC resistance of the steel material. If the Cr content is less than 10.00%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 14.00%, ⁇ (delta) ferrite is likely to be formed in the steel material even if the other element content is within the range of the present embodiment, and the toughness of the steel material is lowered. do. Therefore, the Cr content is 10.00 to 14.00%.
- the lower limit of the Cr content is preferably 10.50%, more preferably 11.00%, still more preferably 11.50%, still more preferably 12.00%, still more preferably 12.20. %.
- the preferred upper limit of the Cr content is 13.80%, more preferably 13.60%, still more preferably 13.50%, still more preferably 13.45%, still more preferably 13.40. %.
- Cu 1.50 to 3.50% Copper (Cu) dissolves in the steel material to improve the SSC resistance of the steel material.
- Cu also forms sulfides on the passivation film in a sour environment.
- Cu sulfides, chloride ion (Cl -) and hydrogen sulfide ions (HS -) is prevented from contacting the passive film, suppress the passive film is broken by the chloride ions and hydrogen sulphide ions do. Therefore, the SSC resistance of the steel material is improved. If the Cu content is less than 1.50%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment.
- the Cu content is 1.50 to 3.50%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Cu content is 1.60%, more preferably 1.70%, still more preferably 1.75%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Cu content is 3.40%, more preferably 3.30%, still more preferably 3.20%, still more preferably 3.10%.
- Mo 1.00 to 4.00%
- Molybdenum (Mo) forms sulfides on the passivation film in a sour environment. Mo sulfide, chloride ion (Cl -) and hydrogen sulfide ions (HS -) is prevented from contacting the passive film, suppress the passive film is broken by the chloride ions and hydrogen sulphide ions do. Therefore, the SSC resistance of the steel material is improved. Mo further dissolves in the steel material to increase the strength of the steel material. If the Mo content is less than 1.00%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment.
- the Mo content is 1.00 to 4.00%.
- the preferred lower limit of the Mo content is 1.20%, more preferably 1.50%, still more preferably 1.80%, still more preferably 2.10%, still more preferably 2.30%. %.
- the preferred upper limit of the Mo content is 3.80%, more preferably 3.60%, further preferably 3.40%, still more preferably 3.30%, still more preferably 3.20%. %.
- V 0.01 to 1.00% Vanadium (V) enhances the hardenability of the steel material and enhances the strength of the steel material. If the V content is less than 0.01%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the V content exceeds 1.00%, the hardenability of the steel material becomes excessively high and the SSC resistance of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the V content is 0.01 to 1.00%.
- the lower limit of the V content is preferably 0.02%, more preferably 0.03%.
- the preferred upper limit of the V content is 0.70%, more preferably 0.50%, still more preferably 0.30%, still more preferably 0.20%, still more preferably 0.15. %, More preferably 0.10%.
- Titanium (Ti) combines with C and / or N to form carbides or nitrides. In this case, the coarsening of crystal grains is suppressed by the pinning effect, and the strength of the steel material is increased. If the Ti content is less than 0.02%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Ti content exceeds 0.30%, ⁇ ferrite is likely to be formed even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, and the toughness of the steel material is lowered. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.02 to 0.30%.
- the lower limit of the Ti content is preferably 0.05%, more preferably 0.07%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Ti content is 0.25%, more preferably 0.20%, still more preferably 0.18%, still more preferably 0.16%.
- Co 0.01-0.50% Cobalt (Co) forms sulfides on the passivation film in a sour environment. Co sulfide, chloride ion (Cl -) and hydrogen sulfide ions (HS -) is prevented from contacting the passive film, suppress the passive film is broken by the chloride ions and hydrogen sulphide ions do. Therefore, the SSC resistance of the steel material is improved. Co further enhances the hardenability of the steel material and ensures stable high strength of the steel material, especially during industrial production. Specifically, Co suppresses the formation of retained austenite and suppresses the variation in the strength of the steel material.
- the Co content is 0.01 to 0.50%.
- the lower limit of the Co content is preferably 0.02%, more preferably 0.04%, still more preferably 0.08%, still more preferably 0.10%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Co content is 0.48%, more preferably 0.45%, still more preferably 0.40%, still more preferably 0.35%.
- Ca 0.0003 to 0.0030% Calcium (Ca) combines with S in the steel material to form Ca sulfide and suppresses the formation of Mn sulfide.
- the surface layer of the steel material when the circle equivalent diameter is present above Mn sulfide 1.0 .mu.m, the surface layer of Mn sulfide is dissolved in a sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar In some cases. In this case, a dent is formed in the trace of the dissolved Mn sulfide. This dent formed on the surface of the steel material tends to be the starting point for the generation of SSC.
- Ca suppresses the formation of Mn sulfides and reduces the number density of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more. As a result, the SSC resistance of the steel material is increased. If the Ca content is less than 0.0003%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. On the other hand, if the Ca content exceeds 0.0030%, Ca sulfide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is excessively generated even if the other element content is within the range of the present embodiment.
- the Ca content is 0.0003 to 0.0030%.
- the lower limit of the Ca content is preferably 0.0005%, more preferably 0.0007%, still more preferably 0.0009%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Ca content is 0.0029%, more preferably 0.0028%, still more preferably 0.0027%, still more preferably 0.0026%.
- Oxygen (O) is an impurity that is inevitably contained. That is, the O content is more than 0%. O forms an oxide and reduces the toughness of the steel material. If the O content exceeds 0.0050%, the toughness of the steel material is significantly reduced even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the O content is 0.0050% or less.
- the preferable upper limit of the O content is 0.0045%, more preferably 0.0040%, still more preferably 0.0035%, still more preferably 0.0030%.
- the O content is preferably as low as possible. However, if the O content is excessively reduced, the manufacturing cost will increase. Therefore, considering industrial production, the preferable lower limit of the O content is 0.0001%, and more preferably 0.0002%.
- the rest of the chemical composition of the steel material according to this embodiment consists of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities are those that are mixed in from ore, scrap, or the manufacturing environment as raw materials when the steel material is industrially manufactured, and are not intentionally contained, but in the present embodiment. It means what is allowed as long as it does not adversely affect the steel material.
- the chemical composition of the steel material according to the present embodiment may further contain W instead of a part of Fe.
- W 0 to 1.50%
- Tungsten (W) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the W content may be 0%.
- W stabilizes the passivation film in a sour environment and prevents the passivation film from being destroyed by chloride and hydrogen sulfide ions. Therefore, the SSC resistance of the steel material is improved. If W is contained even in a small amount, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the W content exceeds 1.50%, W will combine with C to form coarse carbides. In this case, the toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the W content is 0 to 1.50%.
- the lower limit of the W content is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 0.05%, still more preferably 0.10%, still more preferably 0.30%, still more preferably 0.50. %.
- the preferred upper limit of the W content is 1.45%, more preferably 1.40%, still more preferably 1.37%.
- the chemical composition of the steel material according to the present embodiment may further contain Nb instead of a part of Fe.
- Niobium (Nb) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Nb content may be 0%. When contained, Nb combines with C and / or N to form Nb carbides, Nb carbonitrides. In this case, the coarsening of crystal grains is suppressed by the pinning effect, and the strength of the steel material is increased. If even a small amount of Nb is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Nb content exceeds 0.50%, even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment, Nb carbides and / or Nb carbonitrides are excessively generated and the toughness of the steel material becomes low. descend.
- the Nb content is 0 to 0.50%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Nb content is 0.01%, more preferably 0.05%, still more preferably 0.10%, still more preferably 0.15%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Nb content is 0.45%, more preferably 0.40%, still more preferably 0.35%.
- the chemical composition of the steel material according to the present embodiment may further contain B, Mg, and a rare earth element (REM) instead of a part of Fe.
- REM rare earth element
- B 0 to 0.0050% Boron (B) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the B content may be 0%. When B is contained, B dissolves in the steel material to improve the hot workability of the steel material. If B is contained even in a small amount, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the B content exceeds 0.0050%, coarse B nitride is produced and the toughness of the steel material is lowered even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment. Therefore, the B content is 0 to 0.0050%.
- the preferable lower limit of the B content is 0.0001%, more preferably 0.0002%, still more preferably 0.0003%, still more preferably 0.0004%.
- the preferred upper limit of the B content is 0.0040%, more preferably 0.0030%, still more preferably 0.0020%.
- Mg 0 to 0.0050%
- Magnesium (Mg) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Mg content may be 0%. When contained, Mg controls the morphology of inclusions and enhances the hot workability of the steel material. If even a small amount of Mg is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Mg content exceeds 0.0050%, a coarse oxide is formed. In this case, the toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the Mg content is 0 to 0.0050%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Mg content is 0.0001%, more preferably 0.0002%, still more preferably 0.0003%.
- the preferred upper limit of the Mg content is 0.0040%, more preferably 0.0035%, still more preferably 0.0030%, still more preferably 0.0025%.
- Rare earth element 0-0.020%
- Rare earth elements are optional elements and may not be contained. That is, the REM content may be 0%. When contained, REM, like Mg, controls the morphology of inclusions to enhance the hot workability of the steel material. If even a small amount of REM is contained, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the REM content exceeds 0.020%, coarse oxides are formed. In this case, the toughness of the steel material decreases even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the REM content is 0 to 0.020%.
- the preferred lower limit of the REM content is 0.001%, more preferably 0.003%, still more preferably 0.005%.
- the preferred upper limit of the REM content is 0.019%, more preferably 0.018%, still more preferably 0.017%.
- the REM in the present specification refers to lutetium (Sc) having an atomic number of 21, yttrium (Y) having an atomic number of 39, and lanthanum (La) to having an atomic number of 71, which are lanthanoids. It is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of lutetium (Lu). Further, the REM content in the present specification is the total content of these elements.
- Mn sulfide and Ca sulfide in steel materials are defined as follows.
- Mn sulfide When the mass% of inclusions is 100%, the Mn content is 10% or more and the S content is 10% or more in mass%.
- Ca sulfide Mass% of inclusions When is 100%, inclusions having a Ca content of 20% or more and an S content of 10% or more in mass%.
- the total number density (pieces / mm 2 ) of Mn sulfides and Ca sulfides having a size that easily dissolves in a sour environment to form dents on the surface layer is lowered. ..
- the Mn sulfide in the steel material extends in the longitudinal direction (rolling direction) of the steel material.
- the Ca sulfide in the steel material exists in a spherical shape. Therefore, the size of Mn sulfide and Ca sulfide that easily form a dent, which is the starting point of SSC, is different.
- the diameter when the area of Mn sulfide and Ca sulfide is converted into a circle is defined as the diameter equivalent to a circle.
- a unit of Mn sulfide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more. number per area correlates with SSC resistance in a sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar.
- the total number of unit area (1 mm 2) Mn sulfides and Ca sulfides per is defined as the total number density (number / mm 2).
- the total number density of Mn sulfide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is defined as the total number density ND (Number Density).
- the total number density ND of Mn sulfide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfide having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is 0.50 / mm 2 or less.
- the total number of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is 0.50 pieces / mm 2 .
- each element in the chemical composition of the steel material also the content is within the scope of this embodiment, the sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar, easily dissolved Mn sulfides and Ca sulfides steel surface, On the surface of the steel material, dents that regulate the generation of SSC are likely to be formed. Therefore, the SSC resistance of the steel material is lowered.
- the chemical composition of the steel material assuming that each element content is in the range of the present embodiment, the sour environment containing H 2 S partial pressure of 0.03 super ⁇ 0.1 bar, Mn sulfide dissolved manageable size and Ca
- the number density of sulfides is sufficiently low. Therefore, even in a sour environment, dents are unlikely to occur on the surface layer of the steel material. As a result, the SSC resistance of the steel material is sufficiently enhanced.
- the preferable upper limit of the total number density ND of Mn sulfide having a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfide having a circle equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is 0.48 / mm 2 , and more preferably 0.47.
- the total number density ND of Mn sulfide having a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfide having a circle equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more can be measured by the following method. Specifically, a test piece is collected from an arbitrary position on the steel material. If the steel material is a steel pipe, take a test piece from the center position of the wall thickness. If the steel material is steel bar, take a test piece from the R / 2 position. Here, the R / 2 position means the center position of the radius R in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the steel bar. If the steel material is a steel plate, take a test piece from the center position of the plate thickness.
- the surface of the test piece including the pipe axis direction and the wall thickness direction is used as the observation surface.
- the surface of the test piece including the axial direction (longitudinal direction) and the radial direction is used as the observation surface.
- the steel material is a steel plate
- the surface including the longitudinal direction (rolling direction) and the plate thickness direction is used as the observation surface. Polish the observation surface of the resin-filled steel material. Of the observed surfaces after polishing, any 10 visual fields are observed. Find the number of inclusions in each field of view. The area of each field of view is 36 mm 2 (6 mm ⁇ 6 mm).
- EDS analysis element concentration analysis
- the acceleration voltage is 20 kV
- the elements to be analyzed are N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zr, Nb.
- EDS analysis the acceleration voltage is 20 kV
- the elements to be analyzed are N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zr, Nb.
- the inclusion is Mn sulfide or Ca sulfide.
- Mn content is 10% or more in mass% and the S content is 10% or more
- the inclusion is specified as "Mn sulfide”.
- Ca content is 20% or more in mass% and the S content is 10% or more
- the inclusion is specified as "Ca sulfide”.
- the total number of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more is determined. Further, among the Ca sulfides measured in 10 fields of view, the total number of Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is determined. Based on the total number of Mn sulfides with a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more, the total number of Ca sulfides with a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more, and the total area of 10 visual fields, the circle-equivalent diameter is 1. The total number density ND (pieces / mm 2 ) of Mn sulfides having a diameter of 0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is determined.
- the total number density ND can be measured by using an apparatus (SEM-EDS apparatus) in which a scanning electron microscope is provided with a composition analysis function.
- SEM-EDS apparatus for example, a trade name: Metals Quality Analyzer, which is an inclusion automatic analyzer manufactured by FEI (ASPEX), can be used.
- the microstructure of the steel material according to this embodiment is mainly martensite.
- martensite includes not only fresh martensite but also tempered martensite.
- the term "mainly martensite” means that the volume fraction of martensite is 80% or more in the microstructure.
- the rest of the microstructure is retained austenite. That is, in the steel material of the present embodiment, the volume fraction of retained austenite is 0 to 20%.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite is preferably as low as possible.
- the preferable lower limit of the volume fraction of martensite in the microstructure of the steel material of the present embodiment is 85%, more preferably 90%. More preferably, the microstructure of the steel material is martensite single phase.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite is 0 to 20% in the microstructure of the steel material of the present embodiment. From the viewpoint of ensuring strength, the preferable upper limit of the volume fraction of retained austenite is 15%, and more preferably 10%.
- the microstructure of the steel material of the present embodiment may be a martensite single phase. Therefore, the volume fraction of retained austenite may be 0%.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite is more than 0 to 20%, more preferably more than 0 to 15%, and even more preferably more than 0 to 10%.
- the volume fraction of martensite (vol.%) In the microstructure of the steel material of the present embodiment is obtained by subtracting the volume fraction (vol.%) Of retained austenite obtained by the method shown below from 100%.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite is determined by X-ray diffraction. Specifically, a test piece is collected from an arbitrary position on the steel material. If the steel material is a steel pipe, take a test piece from the center position of the wall thickness. If the steel material is steel bar, take a test piece from the R / 2 position. If the steel material is a steel plate, take a test piece from the center position of the plate thickness.
- the size of the test piece is not particularly limited. The test piece is, for example, 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm. In this case, when the steel material is a steel pipe, the thickness direction of the test piece is the pipe diameter direction. When the steel material is steel bar, the thickness direction of the test piece is the radial direction.
- the thickness direction of the test piece is the plate thickness direction.
- each of the ⁇ -phase (200) plane, the ⁇ -phase (211) plane, the ⁇ -phase (200) plane, the ⁇ -phase (220) plane, and the ⁇ -phase (311) plane is measured, and the integrated intensity of each surface is calculated.
- the target of the X-ray diffractometer is Mo (MoK ⁇ ray), and the output is 50 kV-40 mA.
- V ⁇ 100 / ⁇ 1+ (I ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ) / (I ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ) ⁇ (I)
- I ⁇ is the integrated intensity of the ⁇ phase.
- R ⁇ is a crystallographic theoretically calculated value of the ⁇ phase.
- I ⁇ is the integrated intensity of the ⁇ phase.
- R ⁇ is a crystallographic theoretically calculated value of the ⁇ phase.
- R ⁇ in the (200) plane of the ⁇ phase is 15.9
- R ⁇ in the (211) plane of the ⁇ phase is 29.2
- R ⁇ in the (200) plane of the ⁇ phase is 35. 5.
- R ⁇ on the (220) plane of the ⁇ phase be 20.8
- R ⁇ on the (311) plane of the ⁇ phase be 21.8.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite is rounded off to the first decimal place of the obtained numerical value.
- volume fraction of martensite 100-Volume fraction of retained austenite (%)
- the yield strength of the steel material of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the yield strength of the steel material is preferably 758 MPa or more (110 ksi or more), and more preferably 862 MPa or more (125 ksi or more).
- the upper limit of the yield strength is not particularly limited, but the upper limit of the yield strength of the steel material of the present embodiment is, for example, less than 1069 MPa (less than 155 ksi).
- the upper limit of the yield strength of the steel material is more preferably 1000 MPa, still more preferably less than 965 MPa (less than 140 ksi).
- the yield strength means a 0.2% offset proof stress (MPa) obtained by a tensile test at room temperature (24 ⁇ 3 ° C.) based on ASTM E8 / E8M (2013).
- the yield strength is obtained by the following method. Take a tensile test piece from any position on the steel. If the steel material is a steel pipe, take a tensile test piece from the center position of the wall thickness. If the steel material is steel bar, take a tensile test piece from the R / 2 position. If the steel material is a steel plate, take a tensile test piece from the center position of the plate thickness.
- the size of the tensile test piece is not particularly limited.
- the tensile test piece is, for example, a round bar tensile test piece having a parallel portion diameter of 8.9 mm and a parallel portion length of 35.6 mm.
- the longitudinal direction of the parallel portion of the tensile test piece shall be parallel to the longitudinal direction (rolling direction) of the steel material.
- the steel material of the present embodiment has excellent SSC resistance depending on the yield strength to be obtained.
- the SSC resistance of the steel material according to the present embodiment can be evaluated by the SSC resistance evaluation test at room temperature at any yield strength.
- the SSC resistance evaluation test is carried out by a method compliant with NACE TM0177-2005 Method A.
- SSC resistance when yield strength is 110 ksi class When the yield strength of the steel material of the present embodiment is 110 ksi class (less than 758 to 862 MPa), the SSC resistance of the steel material can be evaluated by the following method.
- a round bar test piece from the steel material according to this embodiment. If the steel material is a steel pipe, take a round bar test piece from the center position of the wall thickness. If the steel material is bar steel, take a round bar test piece from the R / 2 section. If the steel material is a steel plate, take a round bar test piece from the center position of the plate thickness.
- the size of the round bar test piece is not particularly limited.
- the round bar test piece has, for example, a parallel portion having a diameter of 6.35 mm and a parallel portion having a length of 25.4 mm.
- the axial direction of the round bar test piece shall be parallel to the longitudinal direction (rolling direction) of the steel material.
- the test solution is a 5 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution having a pH of 3.5.
- the pH of the test solution is adjusted to 3.5 by adding acetic acid to an aqueous solution containing 5% by mass of sodium chloride and 0.41 g / L of sodium acetate.
- a stress corresponding to 90% of the actual yield stress is applied to the round bar test piece.
- a test solution at 24 ° C. is injected into the test container so that the stressed round bar test piece is immersed, and the test bath is used. After degassing the test bath, 0.10 bar of H 2 S gas and 0.90 bar of CO 2 gas are blown into the test bath to saturate the test bath with H 2 S gas.
- the test bath H 2 S gas is saturated, held 720 hours at 24 ° C..
- the surface of the parallel portion of the test piece is observed with a loupe having a magnification of 10 times that of the test piece held for 720 hours to confirm the presence or absence of cracks. If there is a suspected crack in the loupe observation, observe the cross section of the suspected crack with a 100x optical microscope to confirm the presence or absence of the crack.
- no cracks are confirmed in the steel material according to the present embodiment after 720 hours have passed in the SSC resistance evaluation test based on the above-mentioned Method A.
- "no cracks are confirmed” means that no cracks are confirmed when the test piece after the test is observed with a 10x loupe and a 100x optical microscope.
- the test solution is a 20 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution having a pH of 4.3.
- the pH of the test solution is adjusted to 4.3 by adding acetic acid to an aqueous solution containing 20% by mass of sodium chloride and 0.41 g / L of sodium acetate.
- a stress corresponding to 90% of the actual yield stress is applied to the round bar test piece.
- a test solution at 24 ° C. is injected into the test container so that the stressed round bar test piece is immersed, and the test bath is used.
- test bath After degassing the test bath is blown with H 2 S gas and 0.93bar CO 2 gas of 0.07bar the test bath to saturate the H 2 S gas in a test bath.
- the test bath H 2 S gas is saturated, held 720 hours at 24 ° C..
- Other conditions are the same as the SSC resistance evaluation test in the case of 110 ksi class.
- the steel material according to this embodiment is a steel pipe, a round bar (solid material), or a steel plate.
- the steel pipe may be a seamless steel pipe or a welded steel pipe.
- the steel pipe is, for example, a steel pipe for an oil well pipe.
- Steel pipes for oil country tubular goods mean steel pipes for oil country tubular goods.
- Oil well pipes are, for example, casings, tubing, drill pipes and the like used for drilling oil wells or gas wells, collecting crude oil or natural gas, and the like.
- the steel material of the present embodiment is a seamless steel pipe for oil country tubular goods.
- each element in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment, and Mn sulfide having a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and a circle equivalent diameter of 2
- the total with Ca sulfide of 0.0 ⁇ m or more is 0.50 pieces / mm 2 or less. Therefore, the steel material of the present embodiment has excellent SSC resistance.
- An example of the method for manufacturing a steel material of the present embodiment is a process of manufacturing a material (steel manufacturing process), a process of hot-working the material to manufacture an intermediate steel material (hot working process), and a process of quenching the intermediate steel material. And a step of performing tempering (heat treatment step).
- a step of performing tempering heat treatment step.
- the steelmaking process includes a process of producing molten steel (refining process) and a process of producing a material by a casting method using molten steel (material manufacturing process).
- the refining step first, the molten steel containing Cr is stored in a ladle, and the molten steel in the ladle is decarburized under atmospheric pressure (coarse decarburization refining step). Slag is produced by the decarburization treatment in the crude decarburization refining process. Slag produced by the decarburization treatment floats on the liquid surface of the molten steel after the rough decarburization refining process.
- Cr in the molten steel is oxidized to generate Cr 2 O 3. Cr 2 O 3 is absorbed in the slag.
- a deoxidizer is added to the ladle to reduce Cr 2 O 3 in the slag, and Cr is recovered in the molten steel (Cr reduction treatment step).
- the crude decarburization refining step and the Cr reduction treatment step are carried out by, for example, an electric furnace method, a converter method, or an AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) method.
- slag is removed from the molten steel (slag removal treatment step).
- the molten steel after the slag removal treatment step is further subjected to a finishing decarburization treatment (finishing decarburization refining step).
- finish decarburization refining step the decarburization treatment is carried out under reduced pressure. If the decarburization treatment is carried out under reduced pressure, the partial pressure of CO gas ( PCO ) in the atmosphere becomes low, and the oxidation of Cr in the molten steel is suppressed. Therefore, if the decarburization treatment is carried out under reduced pressure, the C concentration in the molten steel can be further reduced while suppressing the oxidation of Cr.
- finish decarburization refining step After the finish decarburization refining step, a deoxidizing agent is added to the molten steel, and the Cr reduction treatment for reducing Cr 2 O 3 in the slag is carried out again (Cr reduction treatment step).
- the finish decarburization refining step and the Cr reduction treatment step after the finish decarburization refining step are carried out by, for example, a VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization) method.
- the component adjusting step is carried out by, for example, LT (Ladle Treatment).
- Ca is added to the molten steel in the latter half of the component adjustment step.
- the time from the addition of Ca to the uniform dispersion of Ca in the molten steel is defined as the "uniform mixing time" ⁇ .
- ⁇ is the stirring power density of the molten steel in LT, and is defined by the formula (B).
- Q is the flow rate of top-blown gas (Nm 3 / min).
- W is the mass of molten steel (t).
- T is the molten steel temperature (K).
- H is the depth of molten steel (steel bath depth) (m) in the ladle.
- the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle is maintained at 1500 to 1700 ° C.
- the holding time after Ca is put into the molten steel and the uniform mixing time has elapsed is defined as "holding time t" (seconds).
- the holding time t after the uniform mixing time has elapsed is set to 60 seconds or more.
- the Mn sulfide reacts with Ca to proceed with reformation, and although the number of Mn sulfides having a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more per unit area decreases, the Ca sulfide produced by combining with S is produced. It is not sufficiently absorbed by the slag and remains in the molten steel. As a result, the total number density ND (pieces / mm 2 ) of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more exceeds 0.50 pieces / mm 2. It ends up.
- the holding time t is 60 seconds or more
- Ca added to the molten steel sufficiently modifies the Mn sulfide in the molten steel and reduces the Mn sulfide having a large size. Therefore, the number of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more per unit area is sufficiently reduced. Further, it is possible to secure a sufficient time for the large-sized Ca sulfide produced by combining with S to float in the molten steel and be absorbed by the slag. Therefore, the number of Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more per unit area is sufficiently small.
- the total number density ND (pieces / mm 2 ) of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more is 0.50 pieces / mm 2 or less. ..
- a material is manufactured using the molten steel produced by the above-mentioned refining process.
- slabs are manufactured by a continuous casting method using molten steel.
- the slab may be a slab, a bloom, or a billet.
- a molten steel may be used to form an ingot by an ingot forming method.
- the billet may be produced by further performing bulk rolling or the like on the slab or the ingot.
- the material is manufactured by the above process.
- the material is hot worked to produce an intermediate steel material.
- the intermediate steel material corresponds to a raw pipe.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1100-1300 ° C.
- the billets extracted from the heating furnace are hot-worked to produce raw pipes (seamless steel pipes), which are intermediate steel materials.
- the method of hot working is not particularly limited, and a well-known method may be used.
- the Mannesmann method is carried out as hot working to manufacture a bare tube. In this case, the round billet is drilled and rolled by a drilling machine.
- the drilling ratio is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1.0 to 4.0.
- the perforated round billet is further hot-rolled with a mandrel mill, reducer, sizing mill or the like to form a raw pipe.
- the cumulative surface reduction rate in the hot working process is, for example, 20 to 70%.
- a raw tube may be manufactured from a billet by another hot working method.
- the raw pipe may be manufactured by forging such as the Erhard method.
- a bare tube is manufactured by the above process.
- the steel material is steel bar
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1100-1300 ° C.
- the material extracted from the heating furnace is hot-worked to produce steel bars, which are intermediate steel materials.
- the hot working is, for example, slab rolling by a slab rolling mill or hot rolling by a continuous rolling mill.
- horizontal stands having a pair of hole-shaped rolls arranged side by side in the vertical direction and vertical stands having a pair of hole-shaped rolls arranged side by side in the horizontal direction are alternately arranged.
- the steel material is a steel plate
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1100-1300 ° C.
- the material extracted from the heating furnace is hot-rolled using a slabbing rolling mill and a continuous rolling mill to produce a steel plate as an intermediate steel material.
- the intermediate steel material produced by hot working may be air-cooled (As-Rolled).
- the intermediate steel material produced by hot working may also be directly hardened after hot working without cooling to room temperature, or after hot working, reheating (reheating) and then quenching. May be good.
- stress relief annealing quenching and tempering
- quenching and tempering stress relief annealing
- the heat treatment step includes a quenching step and a tempering step.
- the intermediate steel material produced in the hot working step is hardened (quenching step). Quenching is carried out by a well-known method. Specifically, the steel material after the hot working process is charged into a heat treatment furnace and maintained at the quenching temperature. The quenching temperature is equal to or higher than the AC3 transformation point, for example, 900 to 1000 ° C. After holding the steel material at the quenching temperature, it is rapidly cooled (quenched). The holding time at the quenching temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 to 60 minutes. The quenching method is, for example, water cooling. The quenching method is not particularly limited.
- the raw pipe When the intermediate steel material is a raw pipe, for example, the raw pipe may be rapidly cooled by immersing it in a water tank or an oil tank, or cooling water is poured onto the outer surface and / or inner surface of the raw pipe by shower cooling or mist cooling.
- the raw pipe may be rapidly cooled by spraying or spraying.
- quenching direct quenching
- quenching may be performed immediately after the hot working without cooling the intermediate steel material to room temperature, or the temperature of the raw pipe after the hot working may be increased. Quenching may be carried out after charging the heat-replenishing furnace to maintain the quenching temperature before the temperature decreases.
- a tempering step is carried out on the intermediate steel material after quenching.
- the yield strength of the steel material is adjusted.
- the tempering temperature is 540 to 620 ° C.
- the holding time at the tempering temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 to 180 minutes. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the yield strength of a steel material can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the tempering temperature according to the chemical composition. Preferably, the tempering conditions are adjusted so that the yield strength of the steel material is 758 MPa or more (110 ksi or more).
- the steel material of the present embodiment can be manufactured.
- the steel material of the present embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned manufacturing method.
- the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of this embodiment, and the total number of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more in steel materials.
- the method for producing the steel material of the present embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned production method.
- Example 1 the SSC resistance of a steel material having a yield strength of 125 ksi or more (yield strength of 862 MPa or more) was investigated. Specifically, molten steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was produced.
- the molten steel of each steel number was manufactured as follows.
- the molten steel containing Cr was stored in a ladle, and a well-known crude decarburization refining step and a Cr reduction step were carried out by the AOD method.
- a slag removal treatment step of removing slag from the molten steel was carried out.
- a finish decarburization refining step and a Cr reduction treatment step were carried out by a well-known method by the VOD method.
- the final component adjustment and the temperature adjustment of the molten steel before the material manufacturing process were carried out for the molten steel in the ladle by LT.
- the molten steel temperature was 1500 to 1700 ° C.
- Ca was added to the molten steel.
- the holding time t (seconds) after the uniform mixing time had elapsed after the addition of Ca was adjusted as shown in Table 2.
- a billet with an outer diameter of 310 mm was manufactured using the above molten steel.
- the produced billet was heated to 1250 ° C. and then hot-rolled by the Mannesmann method to produce a raw pipe (seamless steel pipe) having an outer diameter of 244.48 mm and a wall thickness of 13.84 mm.
- Quenching and tempering were carried out on the raw pipes of each test number.
- the quenching temperature was 920 ° C.
- the holding time at the quenching temperature was 10 minutes. Tempering was performed on the raw pipe after quenching.
- the tempering temperature was adjusted in the range of 540 to 580 ° C. for each test number so that the yield strength of the tempered steel material (seamless steel pipe) was 826 MPa or more.
- the holding time at the tempering temperature was 30 minutes for all test numbers.
- the volume fraction of martensite in the microstructure of the steel material was determined by the following method. First, the volume fraction of retained austenite in the microstructure of the steel material of each test number was determined by X-ray diffraction. Specifically, test pieces were collected from the center position of the wall thickness of the steel material (seamless steel pipe) of each test number. The size of the test piece was 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm. The thickness direction of the test piece was defined as the pipe diameter direction.
- each of the ⁇ -phase (200) plane, the ⁇ -phase (211) plane, the ⁇ -phase (200) plane, the ⁇ -phase (220) plane, and the ⁇ -phase (311) plane was measured, and the integrated intensity of each surface was calculated.
- the target of the X-ray diffractometer was Mo (MoK ⁇ ray), and the output was 50 kV-40 mA.
- V ⁇ 100 / ⁇ 1+ (I ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ) / (I ⁇ ⁇ R ⁇ ) ⁇ (I)
- I ⁇ is the integrated intensity of the ⁇ phase.
- R ⁇ is a crystallographic theoretically calculated value of the ⁇ phase.
- I ⁇ is the integrated intensity of the ⁇ phase.
- R ⁇ is a crystallographic theoretically calculated value of the ⁇ phase.
- R ⁇ in the (200) plane of the ⁇ phase is 15.9
- R ⁇ in the (211) plane of the ⁇ phase is 29.2
- R ⁇ in the (200) plane of the ⁇ phase is 35. 5.
- the R ⁇ on the (220) plane of the ⁇ phase was set to 20.8, and the R ⁇ on the (311) plane of the ⁇ phase was set to 21.8.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite was rounded to the first decimal place of the obtained numerical value.
- volume fraction (%) of retained austenite 100-Volume fraction of retained austenite (%)
- the volume fraction of the obtained martensite is shown in the "Martensite volume fraction (%)" column of Table 2.
- the total number density ND of Mn sulfide having a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfide having a circle equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more in the steel material was measured by the following method.
- a test piece was collected from the center position of the wall thickness of the steel material (seamless steel pipe) of each test number.
- the collected test piece was filled with resin.
- the surface including the tube axis direction and the wall thickness direction was used as the observation surface.
- the observation surface of the resin-filled steel material was polished. Of the observed surfaces after polishing, any 10 visual fields were observed.
- the number of inclusions was determined in each field of view.
- the area of each field of view was 36 mm 2 (6 mm ⁇ 6 mm).
- EDS analysis Element concentration analysis was performed on each inclusion in the visual field to identify the type of inclusion.
- the acceleration voltage is 20 kV
- the elements to be analyzed are N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zr, Nb. And said.
- the inclusions were Mn sulfides or Ca sulfides. Specifically, when the Mn content was 10% or more in mass% and the S content was 10% or more, the inclusion was specified as "Mn sulfide”. When the Ca content was 20% or more in mass% and the S content was 10% or more, the inclusion was identified as "Ca sulfide”.
- the total number of Mn sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more was determined. Further, among the Ca sulfides measured in each field of view, the total number of Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more was determined. Based on the total number of Mn sulfides with a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more, the total number of Ca sulfides with a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more, and the total area of 10 visual fields, the circle-equivalent diameter is 1.
- the total number density ND (pieces / mm 2 ) of Mn sulfides having a diameter of 0 ⁇ m or more and Ca sulfides having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2.0 ⁇ m or more was determined.
- the obtained total number density ND is shown in the “Total number density ND (pieces / mm 2 )” column of Table 2.
- the SSC resistance evaluation test of the steel material was carried out by the following method. Round bar test pieces were collected from the center position of the wall thickness of the steel material of each test number. The diameter of the parallel portion of the round bar test piece was 6.35 mm, and the length of the parallel portion was 25.4 mm. The longitudinal direction of the round bar test piece was parallel to the longitudinal direction of the steel material (tube axial direction).
- the test solution was a 20 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution having a pH of 4.3.
- the pH of the test solution was adjusted to 4.3 by adding acetic acid to an aqueous solution containing 20% by mass of sodium chloride and 0.41 g / L of sodium acetate.
- a stress corresponding to 90% of the actual yield stress was applied to the round bar test piece.
- a test solution at 24 ° C. was injected into the test container so that the stressed round bar test piece was immersed in the test container to prepare a test bath. After degassing the test bath is blown with H 2 S gas and 0.93bar CO 2 gas of 0.07bar the test bath, saturated with H 2 S gas in a test bath.
- the test bath H 2 S gas is saturated, and held for 720 hours at 24 ° C..
- the surface of the parallel portion of the round bar test piece after being held for 720 hours was observed with a loupe having a magnification of 10 times to confirm the presence or absence of cracks.
- the cross section of the suspected crack was observed with a 100x optical microscope to confirm the presence or absence of the crack.
- Example 2 the SSC resistance of a steel material having a yield strength of 110 ksi class (yield strength of 758 MPa to less than 862 MPa) was investigated. Specifically, the molten steels of steel numbers G to R, U and V shown in Table 1 were produced by the same method as in Example 1. The holding time t after the lapse of the uniform mixing time in the LT of the refining step at each test number is as shown in Table 3.
- a billet with an outer diameter of 310 mm was manufactured using the above molten steel.
- the produced billet was heated to 1250 ° C. and then hot-rolled by the Mannesmann method to produce a raw pipe (seamless steel pipe) having an outer diameter of 244.48 mm and a wall thickness of 13.84 mm.
- Quenching and tempering were carried out on the raw pipes of each test number.
- the quenching temperature was 920 ° C.
- the holding time at the quenching temperature was 10 minutes. Tempering was performed on the raw pipe after quenching.
- the tempering temperature was adjusted in the range of 580 to 620 ° C. for each test number so that the yield strength of the tempered steel material (seamless steel pipe) was 758 MPa to less than 862 MPa (110 ksi class).
- the holding time at the tempering temperature was 30 minutes for all test numbers.
- the SSC resistance evaluation test of the steel material was carried out by the following method. Round bar test pieces were collected from the center position of the wall thickness of the steel material of each test number. The diameter of the parallel portion of the round bar test piece was 6.35 mm, and the length of the parallel portion was 25.4 mm. The longitudinal direction of the round bar test piece was parallel to the longitudinal direction of the steel material (tube axial direction).
- the test solution was a 5 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution having a pH of 3.5.
- the pH of the test solution was adjusted to 3.5 by adding acetic acid to an aqueous solution containing 5% by mass of sodium chloride and 0.41 g / L of sodium acetate.
- a stress corresponding to 90% of the actual yield stress was applied to the round bar test piece.
- a test solution at 24 ° C. was injected into the test container so that the stressed round bar test piece was immersed in the test container to prepare a test bath. After degassing the test bath is blown with H 2 S gas and 0.90bar CO 2 gas of 0.10bar the test bath, saturated with H 2 S gas in a test bath.
- the test bath H 2 S gas is saturated, and held for 720 hours at 24 ° C..
- the surface of the parallel portion of the round bar test piece after being held for 720 hours was observed with a loupe having a magnification of 10 times to confirm the presence or absence of cracks.
- the cross section of the suspected crack was observed with a 100x optical microscope to confirm the presence or absence of the crack.
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Abstract
Description
化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.035%以下、
Si:1.00%以下、
Mn:1.00%以下、
P:0.030%以下、
S:0.0050%以下、
sol.Al:0.005~0.100%、
N:0.001~0.020%、
Ni:5.00~7.00%、
Cr:10.00~14.00%、
Cu:1.50~3.50%、
Mo:1.00~4.00%、
V:0.01~1.00%、
Ti:0.02~0.30%、
Co:0.01~0.50%、
Ca:0.0003~0.0030%、
O:0.0050%以下、
W:0~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.50%、
B:0~0.0050%、
Mg:0~0.0050%、
希土類元素(REM):0~0.020%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物、からなり、
前記鋼材中の介在物のうち、Mn含有量が10%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上であり、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物と、Ca含有量が20%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上であり、円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物との合計が0.50個/mm2以下である。
鋼材であって、
化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.035%以下、
Si:1.00%以下、
Mn:1.00%以下、
P:0.030%以下、
S:0.0050%以下、
sol.Al:0.005~0.100%、
N:0.001~0.020%、
Ni:5.00~7.00%、
Cr:10.00~14.00%、
Cu:1.50~3.50%、
Mo:1.00~4.00%、
V:0.01~1.00%、
Ti:0.02~0.30%、
Co:0.01~0.50%、
Ca:0.0003~0.0030%、
O:0.0050%以下、
W:0~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.50%、
B:0~0.0050%、
Mg:0~0.0050%、
希土類元素(REM):0~0.020%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物、からなり、
前記鋼材中の介在物のうち、Mn含有量が10%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上であり、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物と、Ca含有量が20%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上であり、円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物との合計が0.50個/mm2以下である、
鋼材。
[1]に記載の鋼材であって、
前記化学組成は、
W:0.01~1.50%を含有する、
鋼材。
[1]又は[2]に記載の鋼材であって、
前記化学組成は、
Nb:0.01~0.50%を含有する、
鋼材。
[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の鋼材であって、
前記化学組成は、
B:0.0001~0.0050%、
Mg:0.0001~0.0050%、及び、
希土類元素(REM):0.001~0.020%、からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する、
鋼材。
[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の鋼材であって、
前記鋼材は、油井管用継目無鋼管である、
鋼材。
本実施形態の鋼材の化学組成は、次の元素を含有する。
炭素(C)は不可避に含有される。つまり、C含有量は0%超である。Cは、焼入れ性を高めて鋼材の強度を高める。しかしながら、C含有量が0.035%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎて鋼材の耐SSC性が低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.035%以下である。C含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、C含有量を過剰に低減すれば、製造コストが高くなる。したがって、工業生産を考慮すれば、C含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%である。鋼材の強度の観点から、C含有量の好ましい下限は0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.007%である。C含有量の好ましい上限は0.030%であり、さらに好ましくは0.025%であり、さらに好ましくは0.020%であり、さらに好ましくは0.018%であり、さらに好ましくは0.016%であり、さらに好ましくは0.015%である。
シリコン(Si)は不可避に含有される。つまり、Si含有量は0%超である。Siは鋼を脱酸する。しかしながら、Si含有量が1.00%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、脱酸効果が飽和し、かつ、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は1.00%以下である。Si含有量の好ましい下限は0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%であり、さらに好ましくは0.15%である。Si含有量の好ましい上限は0.70%であり、さらに好ましくは0.60%であり、さらに好ましくは0.50%であり、さらに好ましくは0.45%である。
マンガン(Mn)は不可避に含有される。つまり、Mn含有量は0%超である。Mnは鋼の焼入れ性を高めて鋼材の強度を高める。しかしながら、Mn含有量が高すぎれば、Mnは、粗大なMn硫化物を多数形成する。サワー環境において、鋼材の表層近傍に存在する粗大なMnSは溶解する場合がある。このとき、溶解したMnSの跡である凹みが形成される。この凹みがSSCの起点となり、SSCが発生する場合がある。Mn含有量が1.00%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、溶解したMnSの跡である凹みが生成し、耐SSC性が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量は1.00%以下である。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%であり、さらに好ましくは0.15%である。Mn含有量の好ましい上限は0.80%であり、さらに好ましくは0.70%であり、さらに好ましくは0.60%であり、さらに好ましくは0.50%である。
燐(P)は、不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、P含有量は0%超である。Pは、結晶粒界に偏析し、SSCを発生しやすくする。P含有量が0.030%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の耐SSC性が顕著に低下する。したがって、P含有量は0.030%以下である。P含有量の好ましい上限は0.025%であり、さらに好ましくは0.020%であり、さらに好ましくは0.018%である。P含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、P含有量を過剰に低減すれば、製造コストが高くなる。したがって、工業生産を考慮すれば、P含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。
硫黄(S)は、不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、S含有量は0%超である。SもPと同様に結晶粒界に偏析し、SSCを発生しやすくする。S含有量が0.0050%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の耐SSC性が顕著に低下する。したがって、S含有量は0.0050%以下である。S含有量の好ましい上限は0.0040%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0030%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0025%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0020%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0015%である。S含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、S含有量を過剰に低減すれば、製造コストが高くなる。したがって、工業生産を考慮すれば、S含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0003%である。
アルミニウム(Al)は鋼を脱酸する。sol.Al含有量が0.005%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、sol.Al含有量が0.100%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、粗大な酸化物が生成して、鋼材の靭性が低下する。したがって、sol.Al含有量は0.005~0.100%である。sol.Al含有量の好ましい下限は0.010%であり、さらに好ましくは0.013%であり、さらに好ましくは0.015%であり、さらに好ましくは0.018%である。sol.Al含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.060%であり、さらに好ましくは0.055%であり、さらに好ましくは0.050%である。本明細書でいうsol.Al含有量は、酸可溶Alの含有量を意味する。
窒素(N)は、Tiと結合して微細なTi窒化物を形成する。微細なTiNはピンニング効果により結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する。その結果、鋼材の強度が高まる。N含有量が0.001%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、N含有量が0.020%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、粗大な窒化物が形成して鋼材の耐SSC性が低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.001~0.020%である。N含有量の好ましい下限は0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.004%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。N含有量の好ましい上限は0.018%であり、さらに好ましくは0.016%であり、さらに好ましくは0.014%であり、さらに好ましくは0.012%である。
ニッケル(Ni)は、オーステナイト形成元素であり、焼入れ後の組織をマルテンサイト化する。これにより、鋼材の強度が高まる。Niはさらに、サワー環境において不働態皮膜上に硫化物を形成する。Ni硫化物は、塩化物イオン(Cl-)や硫化水素イオン(HS-)が不働態皮膜に接触するのを抑制し、不働態皮膜が塩化物イオンや硫化水素イオンにより破壊されるのを抑制する。そのため、鋼材の耐SSC性が高まる。Ni含有量が5.00%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ni含有量が7.00%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中の水素拡散係数が低下する。鋼材中の水素拡散係数が低下すれば、鋼材の耐SSC性が低下する。したがって、Ni含有量は5.00~7.00%である。Ni含有量の好ましい下限は5.10%であり、さらに好ましくは5.20%であり、さらに好ましくは5.30%である。Ni含有量の好ましい上限は6.80%であり、さらに好ましくは6.60%であり、さらに好ましくは6.50%であり、さらに好ましくは6.40%である。
クロム(Cr)は、鋼材の表面に不働態皮膜を形成して、鋼材の耐SSC性を高める。Cr含有量が10.00%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cr含有量が14.00%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材中にδ(デルタ)フェライトが生成しやすくなり、鋼材の靭性が低下する。したがって、Cr含有量は10.00~14.00%である。Cr含有量の好ましい下限は10.50%であり、さらに好ましくは11.00%であり、さらに好ましくは11.50%であり、さらに好ましくは12.00%であり、さらに好ましくは12.20%である。Cr含有量の好ましい上限は13.80%であり、さらに好ましくは13.60%であり、さらに好ましくは13.50%であり、さらに好ましくは13.45%であり、さらに好ましくは13.40%である。
銅(Cu)は鋼材に固溶して鋼材の耐SSC性を高める。Cuはさらに、サワー環境において不働態皮膜上に硫化物を形成する。Cu硫化物は、塩化物イオン(Cl-)や硫化水素イオン(HS-)が不働態皮膜に接触するのを抑制し、不働態皮膜が塩化物イオンや硫化水素イオンにより破壊されるのを抑制する。そのため、鋼材の耐SSC性が高まる。Cu含有量が1.50%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cu含有量が3.50%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cu含有量は1.50~3.50%である。Cu含有量の好ましい下限は1.60%であり、さらに好ましくは1.70%であり、さらに好ましくは1.75%である。Cu含有量の好ましい上限は3.40%であり、さらに好ましくは3.30%であり、さらに好ましくは3.20%であり、さらに好ましくは3.10%である。
モリブデン(Mo)は、サワー環境において不働態皮膜上に硫化物を形成する。Mo硫化物は、塩化物イオン(Cl-)や硫化水素イオン(HS-)が不働態皮膜に接触するのを抑制し、不働態皮膜が塩化物イオンや硫化水素イオンにより破壊されるのを抑制する。そのため、鋼材の耐SSC性が高まる。Moはさらに、鋼材中に固溶して鋼材の強度を高める。Mo含有量が1.00%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果は十分に得られない。一方、Mo含有量が4.00%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、オーステナイトが安定化しにくくなる。その結果、マルテンサイトを主体とするミクロ組織が安定的に得られにくくなる。したがって、Mo含有量は1.00~4.00%である。Mo含有量の好ましい下限は1.20%であり、さらに好ましくは1.50%であり、さらに好ましくは1.80%であり、さらに好ましくは2.10%であり、さらに好ましくは2.30%である。Mo含有量の好ましい上限は3.80%であり、さらに好ましくは3.60%であり、さらに好ましくは3.40%であり、さらに好ましくは3.30%であり、さらに好ましくは3.20%である。
バナジウム(V)は、鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、鋼材の強度を高める。V含有量が0.01%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、V含有量が1.00%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の焼入れ性が過剰に高くなり、鋼材の耐SSC性が低下する。したがって、V含有量は0.01~1.00%である。V含有量の好ましい下限は0.02%であり、さらに好ましくは0.03%である。V含有量の好ましい上限は0.70%であり、さらに好ましくは0.50%であり、さらに好ましくは0.30%であり、さらに好ましくは0.20%であり、さらに好ましくは0.15%であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%である。
チタン(Ti)は、C及び/又はNと結合して炭化物又は窒化物を形成する。この場合、ピンニング効果により結晶粒の粗大化が抑制され、鋼材の強度が高まる。Ti含有量が0.02%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ti含有量が0.30%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、δフェライトが生成しやすくなり、鋼材の靭性が低下する。したがって、Ti含有量は0.02~0.30%である。Ti含有量の好ましい下限は0.05%であり、さらに好ましくは0.07%である。Ti含有量の好ましい上限は0.25%であり、さらに好ましくは0.20%であり、さらに好ましくは0.18%であり、さらに好ましくは0.16%である。
コバルト(Co)は、サワー環境において不働態皮膜上に硫化物を形成する。Co硫化物は、塩化物イオン(Cl-)や硫化水素イオン(HS-)が不働態皮膜に接触するのを抑制し、不働態皮膜が塩化物イオンや硫化水素イオンにより破壊されるのを抑制する。そのため、鋼材の耐SSC性が高まる。Coはさらに、鋼材の焼入性を高め、特に工業生産時において、鋼材の安定した高強度を確保する。具体的には、Coは残留オーステナイトの生成を抑制し、鋼材の強度のばらつきを抑制する。Co含有量が0.01%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Co含有量が0.50%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の靭性が低下する。したがって、Co含有量は0.01~0.50%である。Co含有量の好ましい下限は0.02%であり、さらに好ましくは0.04%であり、さらに好ましくは0.08%であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%である。Co含有量の好ましい上限は0.48%であり、さらに好ましくは0.45%であり、さらに好ましくは0.40%であり、さらに好ましくは0.35%である。
カルシウム(Ca)は、鋼材中のSと結合してCa硫化物を生成し、Mn硫化物の生成を抑制する。鋼材の表層に、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物が存在する場合、0.03超~0.1barのH2S分圧を含有するサワー環境において表層のMn硫化物が溶解する場合がある。この場合、溶解したMn硫化物の跡には凹みが形成される。鋼材表面に形成されるこの凹みがSSCの発生の起点となりやすい。CaはMn硫化物の生成を抑制し、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物の個数密度を低下させる。その結果、鋼材の耐SSC性が高まる。Ca含有量が0.0003%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Ca含有量が0.0030%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物が過剰に生成する。円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物が鋼材の表層に存在する場合、上述のMn硫化物と同様に、0.03超~0.1barのH2S分圧を含有するサワー環境において溶解して、鋼材の表面に凹みを形成する場合がある。この場合、鋼材の耐SSC性が低下する。したがって、Ca含有量は0.0003~0.0030%である。Ca含有量の好ましい下限は0.0005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0007%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0009%である。Ca含有量の好ましい上限は0.0029%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0028%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0027%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0026%である。
酸素(O)は不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、O含有量は0%超である。Oは、酸化物を形成して、鋼材の靭性を低下する。O含有量が0.0050%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の靭性が顕著に低下する。したがって、O含有量は0.0050%以下である。O含有量の好ましい上限は0.0045%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0040%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0035%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0030%である。O含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、O含有量を過剰に低減すれば、製造コストが高くなる。したがって、工業生産を考慮すれば、O含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0002%である。
本実施形態による鋼材の化学組成はさらに、Feの一部に代えて、Wを含有してもよい。
タングステン(W)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、W含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Wはサワー環境において不働態皮膜を安定化して、不働態皮膜が塩化物イオンや硫化水素イオンにより破壊されるのを抑制する。そのため、鋼材の耐SSC性が高まる。Wが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、W含有量が1.50%を超えれば、WはCと結合して、粗大な炭化物を生成する。この場合、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の靱性が低下する。したがって、W含有量は0~1.50%である。W含有量の好ましい下限は0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%であり、さらに好ましくは0.30%であり、さらに好ましくは0.50%である。W含有量の好ましい上限は1.45%であり、さらに好ましくは1.40%であり、さらに好ましくは1.37%である。
ニオブ(Nb)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Nb含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、NbはC及び/又はNと結合してNb炭化物、Nb炭窒化物を形成する。この場合、ピンニング効果により結晶粒の粗大化が抑制され、鋼材の強度が高まる。Nbが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Nb含有量が0.50%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、Nb炭化物及び/又はNb炭窒化物が過剰に生成して鋼材の靭性が低下する。したがって、Nb含有量は0~0.50%である。Nb含有量の好ましい下限は0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%であり、さらに好ましくは0.10%であり、さらに好ましくは0.15%である。Nb含有量の好ましい上限は0.45%であり、さらに好ましくは0.40%であり、さらに好ましくは0.35%である。
ボロン(B)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、B含有量は0%であってもよい。Bが含有される場合、Bは鋼材に固溶して鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Bが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、B含有量が0.0050%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、粗大なB窒化物が生成して、鋼材の靭性が低下する。したがって、B含有量は0~0.0050%である。B含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0004%である。B含有量の好ましい上限は0.0040%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0030%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0020%である。
マグネシウム(Mg)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Mg含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Mgは、介在物の形態を制御して、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。Mgが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Mg含有量が0.0050%を超えれば、粗大な酸化物が生成する。この場合、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の靱性が低下する。したがって、Mg含有量は0~0.0050%である。Mg含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0003%である。Mg含有量の好ましい上限は0.0040%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0035%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0030%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0025%である。
希土類元素(REM)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、REM含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、REMはMgと同様に、介在物の形態を制御して、鋼材の熱間加工性を高める。REMが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、REM含有量が0.020%を超えれば、粗大な酸化物が生成する。この場合、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の靱性が低下する。したがって、REM含有量は0~0.020%である。REM含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。REM含有量の好ましい上限は0.019%であり、さらに好ましくは0.018%であり、さらに好ましくは0.017%である。
本実施形態の鋼材において、鋼材中の介在物のうち、Mn硫化物、及びCa硫化物を次のとおり定義する。
Mn硫化物:介在物の質量%を100%とした場合に、質量%でMn含有量が10%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上である介在物
Ca硫化物:介在物の質量%を100%とした場合に、質量%でCa含有量が20%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上である介在物
円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物及び円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物の総個数密度NDは次の方法により測定できる。具体的には、鋼材の任意の位置から試験片を採取する。鋼材が鋼管である場合、肉厚中央位置から試験片を採取する。鋼材が棒鋼である場合、R/2位置から試験片を採取する。ここで、R/2位置とは、棒鋼の長手方向に垂直な断面において、半径Rの中心位置を意味する。鋼材が鋼板である場合、板厚中央位置から試験片を採取する。
本実施形態による鋼材のミクロ組織は、マルテンサイトを主体とする。本明細書において、マルテンサイトとは、フレッシュマルテンサイトだけでなく、焼戻しマルテンサイトも含む。また、本明細書において、マルテンサイトが主体とは、ミクロ組織において、マルテンサイトの体積率が80%以上であることを意味する。ミクロ組織の残部は、残留オーステナイトである。つまり、本実施形態の鋼材において、残留オーステナイトの体積率は0~20%である。残留オーステナイトの体積率はなるべく低い方が好ましい。本実施形態の鋼材のミクロ組織中のマルテンサイトの体積率の好ましい下限は85%であり、さらに好ましくは90%である。さらに好ましくは、鋼材のミクロ組織は、マルテンサイト単相である。
本実施形態の鋼材のミクロ組織におけるマルテンサイトの体積率(vol.%)は、以下に示す方法で求めた残留オーステナイトの体積率(vol.%)を、100%から差し引いて求める。
Vγ=100/{1+(Iα×Rγ)/(Iγ×Rα)} (I)
ここで、Iαはα相の積分強度である。Rαはα相の結晶学的理論計算値である。Iγはγ相の積分強度である。Rγはγ相の結晶学的理論計算値である。なお、本明細書において、α相の(200)面でのRαを15.9、α相の(211)面でのRαを29.2、γ相の(200)面でのRγを35.5、γ相の(220)面でのRγを20.8、γ相の(311)面でのRγを21.8とする。なお、残留オーステナイトの体積率は、得られた数値の小数第一位を四捨五入する。
マルテンサイトの体積率=100-残留オーステナイトの体積率(%)
本実施形態の鋼材の降伏強度は、特に限定されない。鋼材の好ましい降伏強度は758MPa以上(110ksi以上)であり、さらに好ましくは862MPa以上(125ksi以上)である。降伏強度の上限は特に限定されないが、本実施形態の鋼材の降伏強度の上限は、例えば、1069MPa未満(155ksi未満)である。鋼材のさらに好ましい降伏強度の上限は1000MPaであり、さらに好ましくは965MPa未満(140ksi未満)である。
本実施形態の鋼材は、得ようとする降伏強度に応じて、優れた耐SSC性を有する。本実施形態による鋼材の耐SSC性は、いずれの降伏強度においても、常温の耐SSC性評価試験により評価できる。耐SSC性評価試験は、NACE TM0177-2005 Method Aに準拠した方法で実施する。
本実施形態の鋼材の降伏強度が110ksi級(758~862MPa未満)である場合、鋼材の耐SSC性は次の方法で評価できる。
鋼材の降伏強度が125ksi以上(862MPa以上)の場合、鋼材の耐SSC性は、次の方法で評価できる。試験溶液は、pHが4.3である20質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液とする。試験溶液は、20質量%の塩化ナトリウムと0.41g/Lの酢酸ナトリウムとを含有する水溶液に酢酸を添加してpHを4.3に調整する。丸棒試験片に対して、実降伏応力の90%に相当する応力を負荷する。試験容器に24℃の試験溶液を、応力を負荷された丸棒試験片が浸漬するように注入し、試験浴とする。試験浴を脱気した後、0.07barのH2Sガス及び0.93barのCO2ガスを試験浴に吹き込み、試験浴にH2Sガスを飽和させる。H2Sガスが飽和した試験浴を、24℃で720時間保持する。その他の条件は、110ksi級の場合の耐SSC性評価試験と同じである。
本実施形態による鋼材は、鋼管、丸棒(中実材)、又は鋼板である。鋼管は継目無鋼管であってもよいし、溶接鋼管であってもよい。鋼管は、例えば、油井管用鋼管である。油井管用鋼管は、油井管用途の鋼管を意味する。油井管は例えば、油井又はガス井の掘削、原油又は天然ガスの採取等に用いられるケーシング、チュービング、ドリルパイプ等である。好ましくは、本実施形態の鋼材は、油井管用継目無鋼管である。
本実施形態の鋼材の製造方法の一例を説明する。なお、以下に説明する製造方法は一例であって、本実施形態の鋼材の製造方法はこれに限定されない。つまり、上述の構成を有する本実施形態の鋼材が製造できれば、以下に説明する製造方法に限定されない。ただし、以下に説明する製造方法は、本実施形態の鋼材を製造する好適な製造方法である。
製鋼工程では、溶鋼を製造する工程(精錬工程)と、溶鋼を用いて鋳造法により素材を製造するする工程(素材製造工程)とを含む。
精錬工程では初めに、Crを含有する溶鋼を取鍋に収納して、取鍋内の溶鋼に対して、大気圧下で脱炭処理を実施する(粗脱炭精錬工程)。粗脱炭精錬工程での脱炭処理により、スラグが生成する。粗脱炭精錬工程後の溶鋼の液面には、脱炭処理により生成したスラグが浮上している。粗脱炭精錬工程において、溶鋼中のCrが酸化してCr2O3が生成する。Cr2O3はスラグ中に吸収される。そこで、取鍋に脱酸剤を添加して、スラグ中のCr2O3を還元し、Crを溶鋼中に回収する(Cr還元処理工程)。粗脱炭精錬工程及びCr還元処理工程は例えば、電気炉法、転炉法、又は、AOD(Argon Oxygen Decarburization)法により実施する。Cr還元処理工程後、溶鋼からスラグを除滓する(除滓処理工程)。
τ=800×ε-0.4 (A)
ここで、εはLTにおける溶鋼の撹拌動力密度であり、式(B)により定義される。
ε=28.5(Q/W)×T×log(1+H/1.48) (B)
ここで、Qは上吹きガス流量(Nm3/min)である。Wは溶鋼質量(t)である。Tは溶鋼温度(K)である。Hは取鍋内の溶鋼の深さ(鋼浴深さ)(m)である。
上述の精錬工程により製造された溶鋼を用いて、素材(鋳片又はインゴット)を製造する。具体的には、溶鋼を用いて連続鋳造法により鋳片を製造する。鋳片はスラブでもよいし、ブルームでもよいし、ビレットでもよい。又は、溶鋼を用いて造塊法によりインゴットとしてもよい。鋳片又はインゴットに対してさらに、分塊圧延等を実施して、ビレットを製造してもよい。以上の工程により、素材を製造する。
熱間加工工程では、素材を熱間加工して中間鋼材を製造する。鋼材が鋼管である場合、中間鋼材は素管に相当する。初めに、素材を加熱炉で加熱する。加熱温度は特に限定されないが、例えば、1100~1300℃である。加熱炉から抽出されたビレットに対して熱間加工を実施して、中間鋼材である素管(継目無鋼管)を製造する。熱間加工の方法は、特に限定されず、周知の方法でよい。例えば、熱間加工としてマンネスマン法を実施し、素管を製造する。この場合、穿孔機により丸ビレットを穿孔圧延する。穿孔圧延する場合、穿孔比は特に限定されないが、例えば、1.0~4.0である。穿孔圧延された丸ビレットをさらに、マンドレルミル、レデューサ、サイジングミル等により熱間圧延して素管にする。熱間加工工程での累積の減面率は例えば、20~70%である。
熱処理工程は、焼入れ工程及び焼戻し工程を含む。
熱処理工程では、初めに、熱間加工工程で製造された中間鋼材に対して、焼入れを実施する(焼入れ工程)。焼入れは周知の方法で実施する。具体的には、熱間加工工程後の鋼材を熱処理炉に装入し、焼入れ温度で保持する。焼入れ温度はAC3変態点以上であり、たとえば、900~1000℃である。鋼材を焼入れ温度で保持した後、急冷(焼入れ)する。焼入れ温度での保持時間は特に限定されないが、たとえば、10~60分である。焼入れ方法はたとえば、水冷である。焼入れ方法は特に制限されない。中間鋼材が素管である場合、例えば、水槽又は油槽に浸漬して素管を急冷してもよいし、シャワー冷却又はミスト冷却により、素管の外面及び/又は内面に対して冷却水を注いだり、噴射したりして、素管を急冷してもよい。
焼入れ後の中間鋼材に対してさらに、焼戻し工程を実施する。焼戻し工程では、鋼材の降伏強度を調整する。本実施形態では、焼戻し温度を540~620℃とする。焼戻し温度での保持時間は特に限定されないが、たとえば、10~180分である。化学組成に応じて焼戻し温度を適宜調整することにより、鋼材の降伏強度を調整することができることは当業者に周知である。好ましくは、鋼材の降伏強度が758MPa以上(110ksi以上)となるように焼戻し条件を調整する。
上記の焼戻し後の各試験番号の鋼材に対して、ミクロ組織観察試験、総個数密度ND測定試験、引張試験、及び、耐SSC性評価試験を実施した。
鋼材のミクロ組織におけるマルテンサイト体積率を、次の方法により求めた。初めに、各試験番号の鋼材のミクロ組織中の残留オーステナイトの体積率を、X線回折法により求めた。具体的には、各試験番号の鋼材(継目無鋼管)の肉厚中央位置から試験片を採取した。試験片の大きさは、15mm×15mm×厚さ2mmであった。試験片の厚さ方向を、管径方向とした。得られた試験片を用いて、α相の(200)面、α相の(211)面、γ相の(200)面、γ相の(220)面、γ相の(311)面の各々のX線回折強度を測定し、各面の積分強度を算出した。X線回折強度の測定において、X線回折装置のターゲットをMoとし(MoKα線)、出力を50kV-40mAとした。算出後、α相の各面と、γ相の各面との組合せ(2×3=6組)ごとに式(I)を用いて残留オーステナイトの体積率Vγ(%)を算出した。そして、6組の残留オーステナイトの体積率Vγの平均値を、残留オーステナイトの体積率(%)と定義した。
Vγ=100/{1+(Iα×Rγ)/(Iγ×Rα)} (I)
ここで、Iαはα相の積分強度である。Rαはα相の結晶学的理論計算値である。Iγはγ相の積分強度である。Rγはγ相の結晶学的理論計算値である。なお、本明細書において、α相の(200)面でのRαを15.9、α相の(211)面でのRαを29.2、γ相の(200)面でのRγを35.5、γ相の(220)面でのRγを20.8、γ相の(311)面でのRγを21.8とした。なお、残留オーステナイトの体積率は、得られた数値の小数第一位を四捨五入した。
マルテンサイトの体積率=100-残留オーステナイトの体積率(%)
得られたマルテンサイトの体積率を、表2の「マルテンサイト体積率(%)」欄に示す。
鋼材中における、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物及び円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物の総個数密度NDは次の方法により測定した。各試験番号の鋼材(継目無鋼管)の肉厚中央位置から試験片を採取した。採取した試験片を樹脂埋めした。試験片の表面のうち、管軸方向及び肉厚方向を含む面を観察面とした。樹脂埋めされた鋼材の観察面を研磨した。研磨後の観察面のうち、任意の10視野を観察した。各視野において、介在物の個数を求めた。各視野の面積は36mm2(6mm×6mm)とした。
ASTM E8(2013)に準拠して、引張試験を実施した。具体的には、各試験番号の鋼材(継目無鋼管)の肉厚中央位置から、丸棒引張試験片を採取した。丸棒引張試験片の平行部の直径は8.9mmであり、平行部の長さは35.6mmであった。丸棒引張試験片の長手方向は、鋼材の長手方向(圧延方向)と平行であった。各試験番号の丸棒引張試験片を用いて、常温(25℃)、大気中にて引張試験を実施して、0.2%オフセット耐力(MPa)を求めた。求めた0.2%オフセット耐力を降伏強度(MPa)と定義した。得られた降伏強度を、表2の「YS(MPa)」欄に示す。
鋼材の耐SSC性評価試験を次の方法で実施した。各試験番号の鋼材の肉厚中央位置から、丸棒試験片を採取した。丸棒試験片の平行部の直径は6.35mmであり、平行部の長さは25.4mmであった。丸棒試験片の長手方向は、鋼材の長手方向(管軸方向)と平行であった。
表2を参照して、試験番号1~14の化学組成は適切であった。さらに、ミクロ組織中のマルテンサイト体積率は80%以上であり、降伏強度は826MPa以上(125ksi以上)であった。さらに、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物及び円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物の総個数密度NDが0.50個/mm2以下であった。そのため、優れた耐SSC性が得られた。
上記の焼戻し後の各試験番号の鋼材に対して、実施例1と同じ方法により、ミクロ組織観察試験、総個数密度ND測定試験、及び、引張試験を実施した。さらに、次の耐SSC性評価試験を実施した。
鋼材の耐SSC性評価試験を次の方法で実施した。各試験番号の鋼材の肉厚中央位置から、丸棒試験片を採取した。丸棒試験片の平行部の直径は6.35mmであり、平行部の長さは25.4mmであった。丸棒試験片の長手方向は、鋼材の長手方向(管軸方向)と平行であった。
表3を参照して、試験番号21~28の化学組成は適切であった。さらに、ミクロ組織中のマルテンサイト体積率は80%以上であり、降伏強度は758~862MPa未満(110ksi級)であった。さらに、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物及び円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物の総個数密度NDが0.50個/mm2以下であった。そのため、優れた耐SSC性が得られた。
Claims (5)
- 鋼材であって、
化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.035%以下、
Si:1.00%以下、
Mn:1.00%以下、
P:0.030%以下、
S:0.0050%以下、
sol.Al:0.005~0.100%、
N:0.001~0.020%、
Ni:5.00~7.00%、
Cr:10.00~14.00%、
Cu:1.50~3.50%、
Mo:1.00~4.00%、
V:0.01~1.00%、
Ti:0.02~0.30%、
Co:0.01~0.50%、
Ca:0.0003~0.0030%、
O:0.0050%以下、
W:0~1.50%、
Nb:0~0.50%、
B:0~0.0050%、
Mg:0~0.0050%、
希土類元素(REM):0~0.020%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物、からなり、
前記鋼材中の介在物のうち、Mn含有量が10%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上であり、円相当径が1.0μm以上のMn硫化物と、Ca含有量が20%以上であり、S含有量が10%以上であり、円相当径が2.0μm以上のCa硫化物との合計が0.50個/mm2以下である、
鋼材。 - 請求項1に記載の鋼材であって、
前記化学組成は、
W:0.01~1.50%を含有する、
鋼材。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の鋼材であって、
前記化学組成は、
Nb:0.01~0.50%を含有する、
鋼材。 - 請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の鋼材であって、
前記化学組成は、
B:0.0001~0.0050%、
Mg:0.0001~0.0050%、及び、
希土類元素(REM):0.001~0.020%、からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する、
鋼材。 - 請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の鋼材であって、
前記鋼材は、油井管用継目無鋼管である、
鋼材。
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- 2020-04-01 JP JP2022511431A patent/JP7364962B2/ja active Active
- 2020-04-01 US US17/906,664 patent/US20230175107A1/en active Pending
- 2020-04-01 MX MX2022012281A patent/MX2022012281A/es unknown
- 2020-04-01 EP EP20928920.6A patent/EP4130317A4/en active Pending
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP7239086B1 (ja) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-03-14 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼管 |
WO2023054586A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼管 |
WO2023074657A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-05-04 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス丸鋼 |
JP7328605B1 (ja) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-08-17 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス丸鋼 |
WO2024063108A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-28 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材 |
JP7488503B1 (ja) | 2022-09-21 | 2024-05-22 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BR112022019162A2 (pt) | 2022-11-22 |
US20230175107A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
JPWO2021199368A1 (ja) | 2021-10-07 |
CN115698358A (zh) | 2023-02-03 |
EP4130317A4 (en) | 2023-05-17 |
EP4130317A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
CN115698358B (zh) | 2023-08-29 |
MX2022012281A (es) | 2022-10-27 |
JP7364962B2 (ja) | 2023-10-19 |
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