WO2021164319A1

WO2021164319A1 - Environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef base grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration and restoration method

Info

Publication number: WO2021164319A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/126094
Authority: WO
Inventors: 袁涛; 袁翔城; 黄晖
Original assignee: 中国科学院南海海洋研究所
Priority date: 2020-02-17
Filing date: 2020-11-03
Publication date: 2021-08-26
Also published as: CN111188374B; AU2020331564A1; AU2020331564B2; CN111188374A

Abstract

An environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef base grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration and a restoration method, comprising a square grid woven by gel-free basalt fibers. Pure aluminum wires are embedded in each bundle of gel-free basalt fiber; sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are fixedly connected to four edges of the grid, and a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is also provided in the middle of the grid; fixed connection holes are formed in four corners of the grid. The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef base grid has been applied to ecological restoration engineering of coastal reefs and islands in the tropical zone of the South China Sea. The accumulated restoration area reaches 4000 m ², and a good restoration demonstration effect is obtained.

Description

Environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grille suitable for restoration of coral reef bottom quality and restoration method

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the field of coral restoration, and specifically relates to an environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid used in coral reef ecological restoration projects and a restoration method. The basement stability and sediment transformation of the detrital sediment type sea area.

Background technique:

The coral reef ecosystem is known as the tropical rain forest in the ocean. It is the soul of life and protection of coral islands and reefs. It has important ecological functions of protecting islands and reefs. It can reduce the damage of storms and typhoons, reduce the erosion of ocean currents and waves, and replenish lost sand and rocks. It is of great significance to stabilize the structure of islands and reefs and create a livable environment. With more than 200 coral islands, reefs and sandbars in the South my country Sea, it is one of the most abundant areas of marine coral reefs in the world. It provides habitats, protected areas, breeding and bait sites for many important organisms, including endangered species, and provides fisheries and medicines. Use biological and other resources, and rich and diverse underwater landscapes.

Repairing damaged coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea and reefs and restoring the ecological service functions of their biological coasts is one of the focal points of safeguarding my country's national rights and interests. Due to the slow growth of reef-building corals and the slow natural recovery process of coral reefs, it is generally believed that the management of coral reefs needs to be transformed from passive protection to active recovery strategies, that is, the use of engineering methods to restore the environmental conditions of coral reef growth, and biological The restoration method allows the biodiversity of the coral reef ecosystem and the entire ecosystem process to proceed normally, and the overall function of the ecosystem is restored.

During the restoration of the coral reef ecosystem, the bottom of the damaged and collapsed degraded coral reef area is mostly broken coral gravel debris. Gravel and sandy debris will roll and migrate under the drive of water currents and cannot be attached to reef-building coral larvae. Provides a stable base, and the rolling of coral debris will also cause mechanical damage such as collisions and frictions to newly-born and artificial bottom-seeded stony corals, which is not conducive to the artificial restoration and natural restoration of the coral reef ecosystem. Reef-based grid technology can stabilize, consolidate, and repair the base in the damaged coral reef area, and build a large area of base for corals to fix and multiply on the debris that is difficult for corals to recover naturally, and increase the natural nature of reef-building corals. The supplementary attached reef base accelerates its natural recovery process, and also provides a good substrate foundation for the value-added and repair of other functional biological populations, so that the "coral reef organism" will be revived and enter a state of natural recovery.

Summary of the invention:

The present invention provides an environmentally friendly composite suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottom quality in view of the difficult problems of coral reef ecological restoration such as the collapse of tropical coral island reef slope reef body, and the tropical coral island reef lagoon/continental coast coral gravel and detrital bottom quality. The basalt fiber reef-based grid and its restoration method can effectively improve the base condition of the reef area and increase the reef-building coral to naturally supplement the environmentally-friendly reef-based grid for ecological restoration of the attached reef foundation.

The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of coral reef substrates of the present invention includes a square grid woven from glue-free basalt fibers, and pure aluminum threads are embedded in the glue-free basalt fibers. A sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is fixedly connected to the four edges of the grid, a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is also provided in the middle, and fixed connection holes are provided on the four corners of the grid.

Preferably, the glue-free basalt fiber is a glue-free basalt fiber bundle with a diameter of 7-10mm, and the size of a single grid in the grid is a square with a size of 50-80mm. Each glue-free basalt fiber bundle is embedded and woven with two parallel industrial basalt fiber bundles. The pure aluminum aluminum wire runs up and down on the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at an interval of 5cm, and there are fixed connection holes in the middle of the four sides. The upper and lower sides of all the fixed connection holes are equipped with gaskets (to strengthen and prevent tearing).

Preferably, the industrial pure aluminum aluminum wire is ∮1mm 1A50 industrial pure aluminum aluminum wire, the inner diameter of the sleeve is not less than 25mm, and it is used to add a support and fixing steel bar of ∮16mm, and the fixing connection hole is Fixed connection hole with a diameter of 20mm.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for restoring the bottom of coral reefs, which includes the following steps:

A grid woven from glue-free basalt fibers is unfolded and fixed on the seabed of the sea area to be ecologically restored by coral reefs, and pure aluminum threads are embedded in the glue-free basalt fibers.

Preferably, the grid woven by the glue-free basalt fiber is square, and the four edges of the grid are fixedly connected with a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth, and a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is also provided in the middle. The four corners of the grid are provided with fixed connection holes, thereby forming an environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid;

A fixed pipe is inserted into each casing, so that the vertical grid is fixed on the fixed pipe, and the fixed pipe in the horizontal casing expands the grid, and then lays it flat on the seabed in the sea area to be ecologically restored by the coral reef.

Preferably, it includes a plurality of environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids, adjacent fixed connection holes of adjacent grids are connected by a splint, the two ends of the splint have holes, and the hole at one end of the splint is connected to the fixed connection hole of a grating. Correspond and insert the fixing bolts. The hole on the other end of the splint corresponds to the fixing connection hole of another adjacent grid, so that several environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids form a row of grids, and then each A fixed pipe is inserted into the casing, each grid is placed flat on the seabed, and the continuous grid is fixed on the seabed of the sea area to be ecologically restored by the coral reef.

Preferably, fixing connection holes are also provided in the middle of the four sides, and gaskets are provided on the upper and lower sides of all the fixing connection holes (to strengthen and prevent tearing).

Preferably, the fixing bolt is a "T"-shaped fixing bolt, and the longitudinal direction of the "T" shape is used as a fixing bolt, which is pressed on the sleeve laterally.

Basalt fiber is mostly used for surface anti-corrosion and structural reinforcement in marine engineering. Although basalt fiber itself is processed by melting natural basalt, it is an environmentally friendly engineering material, but in actual use, it is necessary to add at least 15% or more of the ring to the basalt fiber. Oxygen resin materials in order to achieve the required mechanical and chemical properties, which significantly affects its environmental protection. The composite basalt fiber of the present invention does not add epoxy resin materials during the production process of the basalt fiber, but embeds pure aluminum thread in the basalt fiber to increase the mechanical performance and environmental protection, and can also improve the adsorption rate of coral larvae . The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottom quality of the present invention uses completely glue-free basalt fiber bundles as the main material, embedded pure aluminum wire as the ecological and mechanical functional material, and the edge banding reinforcement material is basalt fiber Cloth, high-strength cotton thread and stainless steel gaskets, all of the above materials are environmentally friendly natural materials or can be naturally degraded during use, and existing data indicate that they have no negative impact on the marine ecosystem.

The composite basalt fiber reef-based grid is used to physically stabilize the substrate, fix and limit the range of coral bone fragments and debris moving with the waves, which can effectively limit the migration of debris in the casting area, reduce the impact of water erosion on the substrate, and restore the bottom of the area. The quality has a good stabilizing effect. The base of natural debris and gravel reef area can be initially consolidated 2-3 years after being artificially stabilized, and the debris can be solidified in the reef tray through bio-glue action. Therefore, to balance the ecological effect, mechanical performance and grid service life, we choose glue-free basalt fiber and pure aluminum wire as the main grid material. The actual selection width of the fiber bundle should be adjusted according to the size of the base debris in the sea area of the ecological restoration project and the hydrodynamic conditions. . In sea areas with small sediment particles or high environmental hydrodynamic strength, wider basalt fiber bundles should be used to make reef-based grids. The side length of the single grid should be 50～80mm. The specific side length should be adjusted according to the size distribution of the main benthic organisms and reef fish in the restoration area. While ensuring the stable effect of the base, the base must also be guaranteed. Permeability allows most reef-dwelling organisms to travel between the substrate and the water body freely.

The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid of the present invention has good flexibility and bending ductility. It can be completely folded. Each grid can be packaged into a regular and independent piece of about 70*70*20cm. It can be transported and stored. It does not take up extra space and is convenient for stacking and handling. Compared with ordinary metal and plastic grids/mesh which can only be stacked or rolled into a cylindrical shape, it has obvious advantages and is more suitable for making large-size reef-based grid components. ; And this feature is also more conducive to the deployment and paving work of the composite basalt fiber reef-based grid under water. A diver can easily carry two grids to the base for operations. Coral gravel and detrital base surfaces have a large number of small reef undulations and sand pit recessed structures. Ordinary metal and plastic grids/mesh are difficult to adhere to the base during deployment and paving due to their poor flexibility and plasticity. The restriction and stabilization effect on the debris will be relatively poor, and when coral larvae are attached to it, the grid is suspended on the base and the coral cannot be connected to the base and solidified. After the coral grows to a certain size, it will easily fall off under the influence of the dynamic environment. Death, so the repair effect will be weakened. In addition, ordinary metal and plastic grids/mesh are affected by the mechanical properties of the materials, and it is difficult to pave and fix underwater, and the plastic grid/mesh must be removed after use, which limits the existing reef foundation. Large-scale application of grid technology in ecological restoration. The environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid has good flexibility, plasticity and bending ductility, and can better fit the uneven structure of the base surface in the restoration application, effectively restricting the rolling migration of gravel and sandy debris. And it is conducive to the coral larvae attached to the reef base grid to consolidate on the base, and accelerate the fusion of the reef base grid and the base and the natural recovery process of the base.

The team of the present invention has applied the environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid in a number of coral reef ecological restoration projects in the tropical coast of the South China Sea, islands and reefs, and the cumulative application and restoration area has reached 4000 m ² and achieved good restoration demonstration effects.

Description of the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagram of the grid-like composite basalt fiber of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the glue-free basalt fiber bundle;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for remediation of coral reef bottom in Example 3;

Among them, 1. No glue basalt fiber bundle; 2. Industrial pure aluminum aluminum wire; 3. Sleeve; 4. Fixed connection hole; 5. Stainless steel splint; 6. Hole.

Detailed ways:

The following examples are to further illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

Example 1:

Adhesive basalt fiber (diameter 10mm) and composite basalt fiber (that is, two parallel ∮1mm 1A50 industrial pure The aluminum aluminum wire 2 runs up and down on the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at an interval of 5 cm, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2), cement board, plastic board and aluminum alloy board as materials. The said colloidal basalt fiber or composite basalt fiber is woven into a grid shape, and the pore size of the grid is 5 cm.

Cut the above-mentioned experimental materials into 15cm*15cm size. The cement block is soaked in the pre-circulating seawater tank for 56 days, and other materials are soaked for 25 days. The experimental coral adopts staghorn cup-shaped coral floating wave larvae. After counting, they are placed in 3L glass beakers for attachment culture. Each glass beaker contains a kind of experimental material. All experimental group beakers are bathed in the same tank system to ensure consistent temperature. Calculate the attachment rate of larvae of different materials after 2 days.

The results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

The composite basalt fiber has excellent ecological performance compared with the existing solid material. In the comparative experiment on the attachment of larval reef-building corals, the comparative experiment material was immersed in natural sea water to form a biofilm on the surface of the material, and then compared the non-adhesive basalt fiber grid (composite basalt fiber) and the conventional basalt fiber grid containing 20% epoxy resin. The attachment rate of larvae of grids (with rubber basalt fiber), plastic boards, ordinary Portland cement boards, and aluminum alloy boards, and the selectivity of floating larvae to attachment materials. Compared with the current conventional stable base materials, the coral larvae show a clear preference for the attachment base made of glue-free basalt fiber materials in the sink with 5 materials. The order of the number of attached larvae per unit area is from high to low: no glue Basalt fiber (composite basalt fiber)＞aluminum alloy＞Portland cement board＞20% epoxy resin basalt fiber (with glue basalt fiber)＞plastic; in the single material adhesion experiment, the adhesion rate of larvae of non-glue basalt fiber is higher than that of aluminum alloy The material is improved by more than 50%. Metallic materials have a significant effect of inducing attachment to some coral larvae. For example, the induction effect of pioneer species such as cup-shaped corals is very obvious. The rapid addition of pioneer species in damaged ecosystems is very important for the recovery of coral colonies. Therefore, to balance the induction effect of reef-based grid larvae, the service life and the mechanical properties of the material, pure aluminum wire is selected as a component of the composite fiber bundle. Compared with the iron wire and aluminum alloy, the corrosion rate is intermediate, and the coral larvae can be maintained relatively well. Good metal induction effect, and good plasticity, conductivity, bending ductility, which is conducive to the underwater laying of the grid and the subsequent ecological restoration operation requirements.

Example 2:

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration of this embodiment includes a square (3*3m) made of non-glue basalt fiber with a diameter of 10mm The grid is woven by the bundle 1, and the single grid in the grid is a square with a side length of 80mm. Two parallel ∮1mm 1A50 industrial pure aluminum aluminum wires 2 are embedded in each non-glue basalt fiber bundle 1, and run up and down on the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at intervals of 5cm. The grid is folded inward along the four sides and stitched with basalt fiber cloth. A complete set of tubulars to form a casing 3. The inner diameter of the casing is not less than 25mm to be used for supporting and fixing steel bars (fixed pipes) of ∮16mm. One side of the middle of the grid also needs to be sewn into a casing 3 fixed by basalt fiber cloth. In the middle of the grille, it is used to add ∮16mm supporting and fixing steel bars (fixed pipes), and all the sewing threads of the casing are processed with high-strength cotton threads. The four corners of the grille and the middle of each side have a fixed connection hole 4 of ∮20mm and are reinforced with a 304 stainless steel ring gasket to prevent tearing, that is, each reef-base grille has a total of 8 fixed connection holes. An environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of the bottom of coral reefs.

Connect several environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottoms. Specifically, the adjacent fixed connection holes of adjacent grids are connected by stainless steel splints 5, specifically adjacent fixed connection holes Two 304 stainless steel splints with a length of 30cm, a width of 50mm, and a thickness of 4mm, with 6 holes at both ends, on the upper and lower sides. One end of the hole clamps the fixed connection hole of the grille, and is locked with 316 stainless steel bolts. The other end of the splint is the same The operation completes the connection between adjacent grids, so that the grids form a continuous row of grids, and then a fixed pipe (2m∮16mm steel bar) is inserted into each casing to make the grids unfolded and fixed, and each grid is placed flat on the In the seafloor, the continuous grids are fixed in the seafloor in the sea area where the coral reef is to be restored.

Claims

An environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottoms, which is characterized in that it comprises a square grid woven from glue-free basalt fiber, and the glue-free basalt fiber is embedded with pure basalt fiber. The aluminum wire is fixedly connected with a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth on the four edges of the grid, and a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is also provided in the middle, and fixed connection holes are provided on the four corners of the grid.
The environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottoms according to claim 1, wherein the glue-free basalt fiber is a bundle of glue-free basalt fiber with a diameter of 7-10 mm, and the grid is The size of a single grid is a square of 50-80mm, and two parallel industrial pure aluminum aluminum wires are embedded in each non-glue basalt fiber bundle, and they are respectively spaced 5cm across the surface of the basalt fiber bundle. The middle of the four sides is also set. There are fixed connection holes, and all the fixed connection holes are provided with gaskets on the upper and lower sides.
The environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottoms according to claim 1, wherein the industrial pure aluminum aluminum wire is ∮1mm 1A50 industrial pure aluminum aluminum wire, and the sheath The inner diameter of the pipe is not less than 25mm, and it is used to add ∮16mm supporting and fixing steel bars. The fixed connection hole is a fixed connection hole with a diameter of 20mm.
A method for repairing the bottom of coral reef, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

A grid woven by glue-free basalt fibers is spread out and fixed on the seabed of the sea area to be ecologically restored by coral reefs, and pure aluminum threads are embedded in the glue-free basalt fibers.
The method for restoring coral reef bottom quality according to claim 4, characterized in that the grid woven by the non-glue basalt fiber is a square, and a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is fixedly connected to the four edges of the grid, and it is also in the middle. It is equipped with a casing made of basalt fiber cloth, and fixed connection holes are arranged on the four corners of the grid, thereby forming an environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid;

A fixed pipe is inserted into each casing, so that the vertical grid is fixed on the fixed pipe, and the fixed pipe in the horizontal casing expands the grid, and then lays it flat on the seabed in the sea area to be ecologically restored by the coral reef.
The coral reef bottom quality restoration method according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids, adjacent fixed connection holes of adjacent grids are connected by a splint, and both ends of the splint have holes , The hole at one end of the splint corresponds to the fixing connection hole of a grille, and the fixing bolt is inserted into the fixing bolt. The hole at the other end of the splint corresponds to the fixing connection hole of another adjacent grille, so that several environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reefs The base grid forms a series of grids, and then a fixed pipe is inserted into each casing, and each grid is laid flat on the seabed, and the series of grids are fixed on the seabed of the sea area to be ecologically restored by coral reefs.
The coral reef bottom quality restoration method according to claim 5, characterized in that fixed connection holes are also provided in the middle of the four sides, and gaskets are provided on the upper and lower sides of all the fixed connection holes.
The method for repairing coral reef bottom quality according to claim 6, wherein the fixing bolts are "T"-shaped fixing bolts, and the longitudinal direction of the "T"-shaped fixing bolts are used as the fixing bolts, which are pressed laterally on the casing.