WO2021164319A1 - Grille de base de récif en fibre de basalte composite respectueuse de l'environnement convenant à la restauration de substrat de récif corallien et procédé de restauration - Google Patents

Grille de base de récif en fibre de basalte composite respectueuse de l'environnement convenant à la restauration de substrat de récif corallien et procédé de restauration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021164319A1
WO2021164319A1 PCT/CN2020/126094 CN2020126094W WO2021164319A1 WO 2021164319 A1 WO2021164319 A1 WO 2021164319A1 CN 2020126094 W CN2020126094 W CN 2020126094W WO 2021164319 A1 WO2021164319 A1 WO 2021164319A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
basalt fiber
grid
reef
restoration
coral
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/126094
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
袁涛
袁翔城
黄晖
Original Assignee
中国科学院南海海洋研究所
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Application filed by 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院南海海洋研究所
Priority to AU2020331564A priority Critical patent/AU2020331564B2/en
Publication of WO2021164319A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021164319A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D37/00—Repair of damaged foundations or foundation structures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/06—Constructions, or methods of constructing, in water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0026—Metals
    • E02D2300/0035—Aluminium
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0084—Geogrids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/26—Artificial reefs or seaweed; Restoration or protection of coral reefs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of coral restoration, and specifically relates to an environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid used in coral reef ecological restoration projects and a restoration method.
  • the coral reef ecosystem is known as the tropical rain forest in the ocean. It is the soul of life and protection of coral islands and reefs. It has important ecological functions of protecting islands and reefs. It can reduce the damage of storms and typhoons, reduce the erosion of ocean currents and waves, and replenish lost sand and rocks. It is of great significance to stabilize the structure of islands and reefs and create a livable environment. With more than 200 coral islands, reefs and sandbars in the South my country Sea, it is one of the most abundant areas of marine coral reefs in the world. It provides habitats, protected areas, breeding and bait sites for many important organisms, including endangered species, and provides fisheries and medicines. Use biological and other resources, and rich and diverse underwater landscapes.
  • reef-based grid technology can stabilize, consolidate, and repair the base in the damaged coral reef area, and build a large area of base for corals to fix and multiply on the debris that is difficult for corals to recover naturally, and increase the natural nature of reef-building corals.
  • the supplementary attached reef base accelerates its natural recovery process, and also provides a good substrate foundation for the value-added and repair of other functional biological populations, so that the "coral reef organism" will be revived and enter a state of natural recovery.
  • the present invention provides an environmentally friendly composite suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottom quality in view of the difficult problems of coral reef ecological restoration such as the collapse of tropical coral island reef slope reef body, and the tropical coral island reef lagoon/continental coast coral gravel and detrital bottom quality.
  • the basalt fiber reef-based grid and its restoration method can effectively improve the base condition of the reef area and increase the reef-building coral to naturally supplement the environmentally-friendly reef-based grid for ecological restoration of the attached reef foundation.
  • the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of coral reef substrates of the present invention includes a square grid woven from glue-free basalt fibers, and pure aluminum threads are embedded in the glue-free basalt fibers.
  • a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is fixedly connected to the four edges of the grid, a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is also provided in the middle, and fixed connection holes are provided on the four corners of the grid.
  • the glue-free basalt fiber is a glue-free basalt fiber bundle with a diameter of 7-10mm, and the size of a single grid in the grid is a square with a size of 50-80mm.
  • Each glue-free basalt fiber bundle is embedded and woven with two parallel industrial basalt fiber bundles.
  • the pure aluminum aluminum wire runs up and down on the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at an interval of 5cm, and there are fixed connection holes in the middle of the four sides. The upper and lower sides of all the fixed connection holes are equipped with gaskets (to strengthen and prevent tearing).
  • the industrial pure aluminum aluminum wire is ⁇ 1mm 1A50 industrial pure aluminum aluminum wire
  • the inner diameter of the sleeve is not less than 25mm, and it is used to add a support and fixing steel bar of ⁇ 16mm
  • the fixing connection hole is Fixed connection hole with a diameter of 20mm.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for restoring the bottom of coral reefs, which includes the following steps:
  • a grid woven from glue-free basalt fibers is unfolded and fixed on the seabed of the sea area to be ecologically restored by coral reefs, and pure aluminum threads are embedded in the glue-free basalt fibers.
  • the grid woven by the glue-free basalt fiber is square, and the four edges of the grid are fixedly connected with a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth, and a sleeve made of basalt fiber cloth is also provided in the middle.
  • the four corners of the grid are provided with fixed connection holes, thereby forming an environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid;
  • a fixed pipe is inserted into each casing, so that the vertical grid is fixed on the fixed pipe, and the fixed pipe in the horizontal casing expands the grid, and then lays it flat on the seabed in the sea area to be ecologically restored by the coral reef.
  • it includes a plurality of environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids, adjacent fixed connection holes of adjacent grids are connected by a splint, the two ends of the splint have holes, and the hole at one end of the splint is connected to the fixed connection hole of a grating. Correspond and insert the fixing bolts.
  • the hole on the other end of the splint corresponds to the fixing connection hole of another adjacent grid, so that several environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids form a row of grids, and then each A fixed pipe is inserted into the casing, each grid is placed flat on the seabed, and the continuous grid is fixed on the seabed of the sea area to be ecologically restored by the coral reef.
  • fixing connection holes are also provided in the middle of the four sides, and gaskets are provided on the upper and lower sides of all the fixing connection holes (to strengthen and prevent tearing).
  • the fixing bolt is a "T"-shaped fixing bolt, and the longitudinal direction of the "T" shape is used as a fixing bolt, which is pressed on the sleeve laterally.
  • Basalt fiber is mostly used for surface anti-corrosion and structural reinforcement in marine engineering. Although basalt fiber itself is processed by melting natural basalt, it is an environmentally friendly engineering material, but in actual use, it is necessary to add at least 15% or more of the ring to the basalt fiber. Oxygen resin materials in order to achieve the required mechanical and chemical properties, which significantly affects its environmental protection.
  • the composite basalt fiber of the present invention does not add epoxy resin materials during the production process of the basalt fiber, but embeds pure aluminum thread in the basalt fiber to increase the mechanical performance and environmental protection, and can also improve the adsorption rate of coral larvae .
  • the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of coral reef bottom quality of the present invention uses completely glue-free basalt fiber bundles as the main material, embedded pure aluminum wire as the ecological and mechanical functional material, and the edge banding reinforcement material is basalt fiber Cloth, high-strength cotton thread and stainless steel gaskets, all of the above materials are environmentally friendly natural materials or can be naturally degraded during use, and existing data indicate that they have no negative impact on the marine ecosystem.
  • the composite basalt fiber reef-based grid is used to physically stabilize the substrate, fix and limit the range of coral bone fragments and debris moving with the waves, which can effectively limit the migration of debris in the casting area, reduce the impact of water erosion on the substrate, and restore the bottom of the area.
  • the quality has a good stabilizing effect.
  • the base of natural debris and gravel reef area can be initially consolidated 2-3 years after being artificially stabilized, and the debris can be solidified in the reef tray through bio-glue action. Therefore, to balance the ecological effect, mechanical performance and grid service life, we choose glue-free basalt fiber and pure aluminum wire as the main grid material.
  • the actual selection width of the fiber bundle should be adjusted according to the size of the base debris in the sea area of the ecological restoration project and the hydrodynamic conditions. .
  • the side length of the single grid should be 50 ⁇ 80mm.
  • the specific side length should be adjusted according to the size distribution of the main benthic organisms and reef fish in the restoration area. While ensuring the stable effect of the base, the base must also be guaranteed. Permeability allows most reef-dwelling organisms to travel between the substrate and the water body freely.
  • the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid of the present invention has good flexibility and bending ductility. It can be completely folded. Each grid can be packaged into a regular and independent piece of about 70*70*20cm. It can be transported and stored. It does not take up extra space and is convenient for stacking and handling. Compared with ordinary metal and plastic grids/mesh which can only be stacked or rolled into a cylindrical shape, it has obvious advantages and is more suitable for making large-size reef-based grid components. ; And this feature is also more conducive to the deployment and paving work of the composite basalt fiber reef-based grid under water. A diver can easily carry two grids to the base for operations.
  • the environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid has good flexibility, plasticity and bending ductility, and can better fit the uneven structure of the base surface in the restoration application, effectively restricting the rolling migration of gravel and sandy debris. And it is conducive to the coral larvae attached to the reef base grid to consolidate on the base, and accelerate the fusion of the reef base grid and the base and the natural recovery process of the base.
  • the team of the present invention has applied the environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid in a number of coral reef ecological restoration projects in the tropical coast of the South China Sea, islands and reefs, and the cumulative application and restoration area has reached 4000 m 2 and achieved good restoration demonstration effects.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of the grid-like composite basalt fiber of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the glue-free basalt fiber bundle
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an environmentally-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for remediation of coral reef bottom in Example 3;
  • Adhesive basalt fiber (diameter 10mm) and composite basalt fiber (that is, two parallel ⁇ 1mm 1A50 industrial pure
  • the aluminum aluminum wire 2 runs up and down on the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at an interval of 5 cm, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2), cement board, plastic board and aluminum alloy board as materials.
  • the said colloidal basalt fiber or composite basalt fiber is woven into a grid shape, and the pore size of the grid is 5 cm.
  • the cement block is soaked in the pre-circulating seawater tank for 56 days, and other materials are soaked for 25 days.
  • the experimental coral adopts staghorn cup-shaped coral floating wave larvae. After counting, they are placed in 3L glass beakers for attachment culture. Each glass beaker contains a kind of experimental material. All experimental group beakers are bathed in the same tank system to ensure consistent temperature. Calculate the attachment rate of larvae of different materials after 2 days.
  • the composite basalt fiber has excellent ecological performance compared with the existing solid material.
  • the comparative experiment material was immersed in natural sea water to form a biofilm on the surface of the material, and then compared the non-adhesive basalt fiber grid (composite basalt fiber) and the conventional basalt fiber grid containing 20% epoxy resin.
  • the attachment rate of larvae of grids (with rubber basalt fiber), plastic boards, ordinary Portland cement boards, and aluminum alloy boards, and the selectivity of floating larvae to attachment materials.
  • the coral larvae show a clear preference for the attachment base made of glue-free basalt fiber materials in the sink with 5 materials.
  • the order of the number of attached larvae per unit area is from high to low: no glue Basalt fiber (composite basalt fiber)>aluminum alloy>Portland cement board>20% epoxy resin basalt fiber (with glue basalt fiber)>plastic; in the single material adhesion experiment, the adhesion rate of larvae of non-glue basalt fiber is higher than that of aluminum alloy The material is improved by more than 50%.
  • Metallic materials have a significant effect of inducing attachment to some coral larvae. For example, the induction effect of pioneer species such as cup-shaped corals is very obvious. The rapid addition of pioneer species in damaged ecosystems is very important for the recovery of coral colonies.
  • pure aluminum wire is selected as a component of the composite fiber bundle.
  • the corrosion rate is intermediate, and the coral larvae can be maintained relatively well.
  • the environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration of this embodiment includes a square (3*3m) made of non-glue basalt fiber with a diameter of 10mm
  • the grid is woven by the bundle 1, and the single grid in the grid is a square with a side length of 80mm.
  • Two parallel ⁇ 1mm 1A50 industrial pure aluminum aluminum wires 2 are embedded in each non-glue basalt fiber bundle 1, and run up and down on the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at intervals of 5cm.
  • the grid is folded inward along the four sides and stitched with basalt fiber cloth. A complete set of tubulars to form a casing 3.
  • the inner diameter of the casing is not less than 25mm to be used for supporting and fixing steel bars (fixed pipes) of ⁇ 16mm.
  • One side of the middle of the grid also needs to be sewn into a casing 3 fixed by basalt fiber cloth.
  • the middle of the grille it is used to add ⁇ 16mm supporting and fixing steel bars (fixed pipes), and all the sewing threads of the casing are processed with high-strength cotton threads.
  • the four corners of the grille and the middle of each side have a fixed connection hole 4 of ⁇ 20mm and are reinforced with a 304 stainless steel ring gasket to prevent tearing, that is, each reef-base grille has a total of 8 fixed connection holes.
  • An environmentally friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for the restoration of the bottom of coral reefs.
  • the adjacent fixed connection holes of adjacent grids are connected by stainless steel splints 5, specifically adjacent fixed connection holes
  • One end of the hole clamps the fixed connection hole of the grille, and is locked with 316 stainless steel bolts.
  • the other end of the splint is the same
  • the operation completes the connection between adjacent grids, so that the grids form a continuous row of grids, and then a fixed pipe (2m ⁇ 16mm steel bar) is inserted into each casing to make the grids unfolded and fixed, and each grid is placed flat on the In the seafloor, the continuous grids are fixed in the seafloor in the sea area where the coral reef is to be restored.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

Grille de base de récif en fibre de basalte composite respectueuse de l'environnement convenant à la restauration de substrat de récif corallien et procédé de restauration, comprenant une grille carrée tissée par des fibres de basalte sans gel. Des fils en aluminium pur sont enchâssés dans chaque faisceau de fibres de basalte sans gel ; des manchons constitués de tissu de fibres de basalte sont raccordés de manière fixe aux quatre bords de la grille, et un manchon constitué de tissu de fibres de basalte est également disposé au milieu de la grille ; des trous de raccordement fixes sont formés aux quatre coins de la grille. La grille de base de récif en fibre de basalte composite respectueuse de l'environnement a été appliquée à l'ingénierie de restauration écologique de récifs côtiers et d'îles dans la zone tropicale de la mer de Chine méridionale. La zone de restauration cumulée atteint 4 000 m2, et un bon effet de démonstration de la restauration est obtenu.
PCT/CN2020/126094 2020-02-17 2020-11-03 Grille de base de récif en fibre de basalte composite respectueuse de l'environnement convenant à la restauration de substrat de récif corallien et procédé de restauration WO2021164319A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2020331564A AU2020331564B2 (en) 2020-02-17 2020-11-03 An environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef base grid suitable for restoration of coral reef substrates and restoration method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CN202010096619.2 2020-02-17
CN202010096619.2A CN111188374B (zh) 2020-02-17 2020-02-17 一种适用于珊瑚礁底质修复的环保型复合玄武岩纤维礁基格栅和修复方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111188374B (zh) * 2020-02-17 2021-05-25 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 一种适用于珊瑚礁底质修复的环保型复合玄武岩纤维礁基格栅和修复方法
CN111527819B (zh) * 2020-06-03 2022-08-09 北京师范大学 一种滨海湿地盐地碱蓬的修复方法
CN112112126A (zh) * 2020-10-12 2020-12-22 河南裕亚新材料技术有限公司 一种抗冲刷生态组合护坡及施工方法
CN114586711B (zh) * 2022-04-11 2023-04-14 海南大学 一种修复礁盘破碎化珊瑚礁区的方法及珊瑚拼台
CN114916337A (zh) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-19 潍坊中创新材料科技有限公司 一种柔性海洋种植预制体、其制备方法及应用

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US6355192B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-03-12 Rudy Roth Method of producing artificial fossil coral
JP2004129640A (ja) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-30 Okikaiko:Kk 造礁性サンゴを人工漁礁の一部として利用する熱帯、亜熱帯海域型人工漁礁の造成法
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