CN111188374A

CN111188374A - Environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration and restoration method

Info

Publication number: CN111188374A
Application number: CN202010096619.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁涛; 袁翔城; 黄晖
Original assignee: South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Current assignee: South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Priority date: 2020-02-17
Filing date: 2020-02-17
Publication date: 2020-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-02-17
Also published as: WO2021164319A1; CN111188374B; AU2020331564A1; AU2020331564B2

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef sediment repair and a repair method. The device comprises a square grid woven by non-glue basalt fibers, pure aluminum wires are embedded in the non-glue basalt fibers, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are fixedly connected to the edges of the four edges of the grid, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are also arranged in the middle of the grid, and fixing connecting holes are formed in the four corners of the grid. The group of the invention has applied the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid to south sea heatIn the multiple coral reef ecological restoration engineering with coastal areas and island reef sea areas, the accumulated application and restoration area reaches 4000m²And obtain good repairing demonstration effect.

Description

Environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration and restoration method

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the field of coral restoration, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid and a restoration method for coral reef ecological restoration engineering.

Background art:

the coral reef ecosystem is called as tropical rainforest in the sea, is the life soul and spirit protection of coral island reefs, has important ecological functions of island protection and reef protection, and has important significance for reducing storm typhoon damage, reducing ocean current and wave erosion, supplementing lost sand and stone, stabilizing island reef structure, building living environment and the like. The south China sea has more than 200 coral islands, reefs and sandbars, is one of the most abundant areas of the world marine coral reefs, provides habitats, protected areas, breeding and bait-requesting places for a plurality of important organisms including endangered species, provides resources such as fishery, medicinal organisms and the like, and enriches various underwater landscapes.

The restoration of the ecological system of the damaged coral reef in the south sea island and the restoration of the ecological service function of the biological coast are one of the focuses of maintaining the national interests of China. Because the reef-building coral growth and the natural recovery process of the coral reef are slow, the current internationally and generally thought that the management of the coral reef needs to be changed from passive protection into an active recovery strategy, namely, an engineering method is adopted to recover the environmental conditions for the coral reef growth, and a biological recovery method is adopted to normally carry out the biological diversity of the coral reef ecosystem and the whole ecosystem process, so that the whole function of the ecosystem is recovered.

In the coral reef ecosystem restoration process, its substrate of impaired degeneration coral reef district of collapsing is mostly broken coral gravel piece, gravel and grittiness piece can roll, the migration under the rivers drive, can't adhere to for making reef coral larva and provide stable base, and the coral piece rolls also can cause mechanical damage such as collision, friction to the new-born and artifical end-sowing that makes reef coral, is unfavorable for coral reef ecosystem's manual repair and nature to resume. The reef base grating technology can stabilize, solidify and repair the substrate in the damaged coral reef area, a large-area substrate for fixing and proliferating the coral on the debris substrate which is difficult to recover naturally is established, the reef base which is attached and naturally supplemented by the hermatypic coral is added, the natural recovery process of the coral is accelerated, a good substrate base is provided for the value increment and the recovery of other functional biological populations, and the coral reef body can survive and enter the natural recovery state.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention provides an environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid and a repairing method suitable for repairing coral reef substrates, aiming at the problems of chipping of collapsed substrates of tropical coral island reef bodies, coral gravel in lagoons of tropical coral islands/continents and chipping substrates and other coral reef ecological repairing difficulties, and the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid and the repairing method can effectively improve the substrate conditions of reef areas and increase environment-friendly reef-based grids for ecological repair of naturally supplementing reef-building corals and attaching reef substrates.

The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration comprises a square grid woven by glue-free basalt fibers, wherein pure aluminum wires are embedded in the glue-free basalt fibers, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are fixedly connected to the edges of the four edges of the grid, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are also arranged in the middle of the grid, and fixing connecting holes are formed in the four corners of the grid.

Preferably, the glue-free basalt fiber is a glue-free basalt fiber bundle with the diameter of 7-10mm, the size of a single lattice in the grid is 50-80 mm square, 2 parallel industrial pure aluminum wires are embedded and woven in each glue-free basalt fiber bundle and respectively pass through the surfaces of the basalt fiber bundles at intervals of 5cm, fixing connecting holes are further formed in the middle of the four sides, and gaskets are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each fixing connecting hole (so as to reinforce and prevent tearing).

Preferably, the industrial pure aluminum wire is phi 1mm1A50 industrial pure aluminum wire, the inner diameter of the sleeve is not less than 25mm, so as to be used for additionally penetrating phi 16mm of supporting and fixing steel bars, and the fixing and connecting hole is a fixing and connecting hole with the diameter of 20 mm.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a coral reef substrate repairing method, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) expanding and fixing a grid woven by the glue-free basalt fiber to the seabed of the sea area to be subjected to coral reef ecological restoration, wherein the glue-free basalt fiber is embedded with pure aluminum wires.

Preferably, the grid woven by the glue-free basalt fibers is square, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are fixedly connected to the edges of the four edges of the grid, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are also arranged in the middle of the grid, and fixing connecting holes are formed in the four corners of the grid, so that the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid is formed;

and a fixing pipe is penetrated into each sleeve, so that the grid in the longitudinal direction is fixed on the fixing pipe, the grid is unfolded by the fixing pipe in the transverse sleeve, and then the grid is laid in the sea bottom of the sea area to be subjected to coral reef ecological restoration.

Preferably, including the compound basalt fiber reef base grid of a plurality of environment-friendly, link to each other with the splint between the adjacent fixed connection hole of adjacent grid, the splint both ends have the hole, the hole of splint one end corresponds with the fixed connection hole of a grid, and it is fixed to insert fixing bolt, the hole of the other end of splint corresponds with the fixed connection hole of adjacent another grid, so make the compound basalt fiber reef base grid of a plurality of environment-friendly form row grid, then insert the fixed pipe in every sleeve pipe, every grid is kept flat in the seabed, be fixed in the seabed of waiting coral reef ecological remediation sea area with row grid.

Preferably, the middle parts of the four sides are also provided with fixed connecting holes, and the upper side and the lower side of all the fixed connecting holes are provided with gaskets (for reinforcing and preventing tearing).

Preferably, the fixing bolt is a T-shaped fixing bolt, and the T-shaped fixing bolt is longitudinally used as a fixing bolt and transversely pressed on the sleeve.

Basalt fibers are mostly used for surface corrosion prevention and structural reinforcement in ocean engineering, and although the basalt fibers are prepared by melting and processing natural basalt and belong to environment-friendly engineering materials, at least more than 15% of epoxy resin materials are required to be added into the basalt fibers in actual use so as to enable the basalt fibers to achieve the required mechanical and chemical properties, so that the environment-friendly performance of the basalt fibers is obviously influenced. The composite basalt fiber is prepared by embedding pure aluminum wires in the basalt fiber without adding epoxy resin materials in the manufacturing process of the basalt fiber, so that the mechanical property and the environmental protection property are improved, and the adsorption rate of coral larvae can be improved. The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef base grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration adopts completely glue-free basalt fiber bundles as a main material, an embedded pure aluminum wire as an ecological and mechanical performance functional material, and edge sealing reinforcement materials comprise basalt fiber cloth, high-strength cotton wires and stainless steel gaskets, all of which belong to environment-friendly natural materials or can realize natural degradation in the using process, and the existing data show that the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef base grid has no negative influence on a marine ecological system.

The composite basalt fiber reef-based grid is used for physically stabilizing the substrate, fixing and limiting the range of coral skeleton fragments and fragments moving along with sea waves, effectively limiting the migration of fragments in a throwing area, reducing the influence of water flow scouring on the substrate, and having a good stabilizing effect on the substrate in a repairing area. The natural debris and the gravel reef area substrate can be primarily and naturally solidified 2-3 years after being manually stabilized, and the debris can be solidified in the reef disc through continuous action of biological glue. Therefore, ecological effect, mechanical property and grid service life are balanced, the glue-free basalt fibers and the pure aluminum wires are selected as main grid materials, and the actual selection width of the fiber bundles is adjusted according to the particle size of the substrate scraps in the sea area of the ecological restoration engineering and hydrodynamic conditions. The reef-based grid is manufactured by adopting wider basalt fiber bundles in a sea area with smaller particle size of substrate particles or higher environmental hydrodynamic strength. The single-lattice grid is that the length of side scope should be at 50 ~ 80mm, and specific length of side size will be adjusted according to the main benthos class crowd in the restoration region and the fish size distribution condition of perching on the reef, in the firm effect of assurance basement in addition guarantee the permeability of basement, let most of the benthos can freely come and go in basement and water.

The materials used by the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid have good flexibility and bending ductility, can be completely folded, each grid can be packed into regular independent pieces of about 70 x 20cm, no redundant space is occupied during transportation and storage, the stacking and the carrying are convenient, the advantages are very obvious compared with the common metal and plastic grids/meshes which can only be stacked or rolled into a cylinder, and the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid is more suitable for manufacturing large-size reef-based grid members; the characteristic is more beneficial to the expansion and pavement work of the composite basalt fiber reef-based grating under water, and one diver can easily carry 2 gratings to the base under water for operation. Coral gravel and clastic substrate surface all have a large amount of small-size reef piece fluctuation and sand pit sunk structure, ordinary metal and plastic grid/net piece are because flexibility and plasticity are relatively poor difficult when expansion and mating formation the basement, so can be relatively poor to clastic restriction and firm effect, and cause the coral can't link the solidification with the basement all the time because of the grid is unsettled in the basement after the coral larva attaches to on it, it is dead to receive dynamic environment to influence to drop easily after the coral grows to certain size, consequently can weaken the repair effect. Moreover, the common metal and plastic grids/meshes are influenced by the mechanical properties of materials, the underwater paving and fixing difficulty is high, and the plastic grids/meshes are removed after being used, so that the large-area application of the conventional reef-based grid technology in ecological restoration is limited. The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid has good flexibility, plasticity and bending ductility, can be better attached to the concave-convex structure on the surface of the substrate in the repairing application, effectively limits the rolling migration of gravel and sandy debris, is favorable for coral larvae attached to the reef-based grid to be solidified on the substrate, and accelerates the fusion of the reef-based grid and the substrate and the natural recovery process of the substrate.

The group of the invention applies the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid to a plurality of coral reef ecological restoration projects in coastal and island reef areas of tropical coast of south sea, and the accumulated application and restoration area reaches 4000m²And obtain good repairing demonstration effect.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a latticed composite basalt fiber of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a binderless basalt fiber bundle;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration of example 3; wherein 1, a glue-free basalt fiber bundle; 2. an industrial pure aluminum wire; 3. a sleeve; 4. fixing the connecting hole; 5. stainless steel splints; 6. and (4) a hole.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

Example 1:

the material comprises 20 percent (mass fraction) of glued basalt fiber (with the diameter of 10mm) added with epoxy resin, composite basalt fiber (namely, two parallel phi 1mm1A50 industrial pure aluminum wires 2 are embedded and woven in a glue-free basalt fiber bundle 1 with the diameter of 10mm, and the wires respectively pass through the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at intervals of 5cm, as shown in figures 1 and 2), a cement board, a plastic board and an aluminum alloy board. The basalt fiber with glue or the composite basalt fiber is woven into a grid shape, and the aperture of the grid is 5 cm.

All the above experimental materials were cut into 15cm by 15cm size. The cement blocks were soaked in advance circulating seawater for 56 days, and other materials were soaked for 25 days. Experimental coral adopts the unrestrained larva of antler cup type coral, puts into 3L glass beakers after the count and carries out the adhesion culture, contains an experimental material in every glass beaker, and all experiment group beakers all carry out the water bath in same basin system in order to guarantee that the temperature is unanimous, calculate the larva incidence of different materials after 2 days.

The results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

Compared with the existing substrate stabilizing material, the composite basalt fiber has excellent ecological performance. In the reef-building coral larva attachment comparison experiment, after a comparison experiment material is soaked in natural seawater to form a biological film on the surface of the material, larva attachment rates of a glue-free basalt fiber grating (composite basalt fiber), a conventional basalt fiber grating (glue basalt fiber) containing 20% of epoxy resin, a plastic plate, a common silicate cement plate and an aluminum alloy plate and selectivity of a unrestrained larva to an attachment material are compared. Compared with the conventional substrate stabilizing material at present, the coral larva shows obvious preference selection to the adhesion base made of the non-glue basalt fiber material in the water tank for placing 5 materials, and the number of the adhesion larva per unit area is sequentially from high to low: the glue-free basalt fiber (composite basalt fiber) > aluminum alloy > silicate cement board > 20% epoxy resin basalt fiber (glued basalt fiber) > plastic; in a single material adhesion experiment, the adhesion rate of the glue-free basalt fiber larvae is improved by over 50 percent compared with that of an aluminum alloy material. The metal material has obvious induced adhesion effect on partial coral larvae, for example, the inducing effect on pioneer species such as cupping coral is very obvious, and the rapid addition of the pioneer species in the damaged ecosystem is very important for the recovery of coral groups. Therefore, the induction effect, the service life and the material mechanical property of the reef-based grid larvae are balanced, the pure aluminum wires are selected as the components of the composite fiber bundles, the corrosion rate is intermediate compared with that of iron wires and aluminum alloys, the coral larvae can also keep a good metal induction effect, and the coral larvae have good plasticity, conductivity and bending ductility and are beneficial to underwater laying of grids and subsequent ecological restoration operation requirements.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration of the embodiment comprises a square (3 × 3m) grid woven by glue-free basalt fiber bundles 1 with the diameter of 10mm, and the single grid in the grid is a square with the side length range of 80 mm. 2 parallel phi 1mm1A50 industrial pure aluminum wires 2 are embedded and woven in each strand of glue-free basalt fiber bundle 1 and penetrate through the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at intervals of 5cm, grids are folded inwards along four sides and are folded and sewn into a complete set of tubular shape by using basalt fiber cloth, a sleeve 3 is formed, the inner diameter of the sleeve is not less than 25mm so as to be used for penetrating phi 16mm supporting and fixing steel bars (fixing pipes), one side of the middle part of the grid also needs the basalt fiber cloth to be sewn into the sleeve 3 to be fixed in the middle part of the grid so as to be used for penetrating phi 16mm supporting and fixing steel bars (fixing pipes), and all sewing wires of the sleeve are processed by adopting high-strength cotton wires. All there is 1 phi 20 mm's fixed connection hole 4 and strengthens with 304 stainless steel ring gaskets to prevent tearing at the middle part on four angles of grid and each limit, and every reef base grid total 8 fixed connection holes promptly, obtains the compound basalt fiber reef base grid of environment-friendly that is applicable to coral reef bottom material restoration from this.

The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids suitable for coral reef substrate restoration are connected, specifically, adjacent fixed connecting holes of adjacent grids are connected through stainless steel clamping plates 5, specifically, 2 adjacent fixed connecting holes are respectively 30cm long, 50mm wide, 4mm thick, 304 stainless steel clamping plates with holes 6 at two ends, the fixed connecting holes of the grids are clamped through holes at one ends and locked through 316 stainless steel bolts, the other ends of the stainless steel clamping plates are connected through the same operation between the adjacent grids, so that the grids form continuous grids, fixing pipes (2m 16mm steel bars) are inserted into each sleeve, the grids are unfolded and fixed, each grid is horizontally placed in the sea floor, and the continuous grids are fixed in submarine corals of a sea area to be subjected to coral reef ecological restoration.

Claims

1. The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration is characterized by comprising a square grid woven by non-glue basalt fibers, wherein pure aluminum wires are embedded in the non-glue basalt fibers, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are fixedly connected to the edges of the four edges of the grid, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are also arranged in the middle of the grid, and fixed connecting holes are formed in the four corners of the grid.

2. The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glue-free basalt fiber is a glue-free basalt fiber bundle with a diameter of 7-10mm, the size of a single lattice in the grid is 50-80 mm square, each glue-free basalt fiber bundle is embedded with 2 parallel industrial pure aluminum wires, the glue-free basalt fiber bundle penetrates through the surface of the basalt fiber bundle at intervals of 5cm, the middle parts of four sides are provided with fixed connecting holes, and gaskets are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of all the fixed connecting holes.

3. The environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef based grid suitable for coral reef substrate restoration of claim 1 wherein the industrial pure aluminum wire is phi 1mm1A50 industrial pure aluminum wire, the inner diameter of the sleeve is not less than 25mm for threading phi 16mm supporting and fixing steel bars, and the fixing and connecting holes are fixing and connecting holes with 20mm diameter.

4. A coral reef substrate repairing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

5. The coral reef substrate repairing method according to claim 4, wherein the grid woven from the glue-free basalt fiber is square, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are fixedly connected to the edges of the four edges of the grid, sleeves made of basalt fiber cloth are also arranged in the middle of the grid, and fixing connection holes are formed in the four corners of the grid, so that an environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grid is formed;

6. The coral reef substrate repairing method according to claim 4, comprising a plurality of environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids, wherein adjacent fixing connection holes of adjacent grids are connected by using clamping plates, holes are formed at two ends of each clamping plate, the hole at one end of each clamping plate corresponds to the fixing connection hole of one grid and is fixed by inserting a fixing bolt, the hole at the other end of each clamping plate corresponds to the fixing connection hole of the other adjacent grid, so that the plurality of environment-friendly composite basalt fiber reef-based grids form a row-by-row grid, then a fixing pipe is inserted into each sleeve, each grid is horizontally placed in the sea bottom, and the row-by-row grid is fixed in the sea bottom of a sea area to be ecologically repaired by coral reefs.

7. The coral reef substrate repairing method according to claim 5, wherein fixing connection holes are further provided in the middle of the four sides, and spacers are provided on upper and lower sides of all the fixing connection holes.

8. The coral reef substrate repairing method according to claim 6, wherein said fixing bolts are T-shaped fixing bolts, and the T-shaped fixing bolts are longitudinally arranged on the casing in a transverse manner.