CN114916337A

CN114916337A - Flexible marine planting preform, preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114916337A
Application number: CN202210535793.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘中生; 郑方超; 刘国玲; 陈浩
Original assignee: Weifangzhong Innovation Material Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Weifangzhong Innovation Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-17
Filing date: 2022-05-17
Publication date: 2022-08-19

Abstract

The application relates to a flexible marine planting preform, a preparation method and application thereof. The flexible marine planting preform comprises a flexible pad body, the planting preform comprises a flexible pad body, and the pad body comprises an outer cladding layer and an inner cavity surrounded by the outer cladding layer; one or more independent planting units are arranged in the inner cavity of the cushion body, and fillers are filled in the planting units and comprise planting soil; the outer cladding layer on the top of the planting unit is provided with a gap for plant growth. The application also protects a preparation method of the flexible marine planting preform. The method can provide necessary nutrient substances for plants during marine planting, promote the germination and/or growth of plant seedlings, and prolong the quality guarantee period of the seedlings.

Description

Flexible marine planting preform, preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, in particular to a flexible marine planting prefabricated body, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Ocean area accounts for more than 70% of the total area of the world, and ocean agriculture is one of the industries which people pay attention to. Marine agriculture refers to an industry that uses oceans as production carriers, utilizes living functions of marine organisms and the like, and obtains foods, industrial raw materials and other valuable products through artificial cultivation and natural growth. Marine agriculture is mainly divided into three categories, namely marine planting, marine culture, marine fishing and the like.

Ocean fishing and ocean farming are currently the more common types of marine agriculture industry. However, in recent years, due to factors such as over-fishing, water pollution, global climate change and the like, enormous pressure is brought to marine fishery resources and ecological environments, and in order to improve declining fishery resources and restore the ecological environment of offshore areas, the industrial mode of marine agriculture is changing from traditional fishing and breeding to resource maintenance. In the current background, people pay more and more attention to marine planting.

There are a large number of marine plants, mainly algae, in the ocean. Marine plants are the main food source for marine herbivores and are also a core ring of the marine food chain. And many sea aquatic plants have high economic value, like kelp, laver and agar in shallow sea of China, are good foods, and some sea plants can also extract iodine, bromine, potassium chloride and the like, and can be used for producing industrial raw materials and medical raw materials. The marine planting industry is an agricultural planting industry formed by artificially planting specific marine plants regularly in large scale by reasonably planning offshore according to marine conditions. The marine planting can greatly improve offshore marine ecological environment, and a series of marine ecological environment problems such as seawater eutrophication, damaged biological resource diversity, greatly reduced plankton and the like caused by over-cultivation and fishing are improved.

At present, the ocean planting mainly adopts two planting modes of planting by arranging a floating or suspended platform at the offshore and planting at the seabed.

The floating or suspended platform is arranged for planting, only a growing place for marine plants is provided, nutrient substances and the like required by the growth of the plants are provided by the seawater, the growth period of the plants is generally longer, the large-scale planting needs to depend on manual regular offshore maintenance and operation, the cost is high, and the benefit is low.

However, the sea bottom planting is the traditional mode of sea planting, and people have been planting sea water plants such as kelp and undaria pinnatifida on the sea bottom for a long time. At present, a plurality of new technical means are developed for planting the marine plants on the seabed regularly in a large scale, the technical means only provide growing places for the marine plants, nutrient substances and the like required by the growth of the plants are provided by the seawater completely, the growth cycle of the plants is longer, and the benefit of large-scale planting is lower.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to provide necessary nutrient substances for plants, promote the germination and/or growth of plant seedlings and prolong the quality guarantee period of the seedlings during marine planting, the application provides a flexible marine planting preform, a preparation method and application thereof.

In one aspect, the present application provides a flexible marine planting preform, the planting preform includes a flexible pad body, the pad body includes an outer cladding layer and an inner cavity surrounded by the outer cladding layer; one or more independent planting units are arranged in an inner cavity of the cushion body, and fillers are filled in the planting units and comprise planting soil; the outer cladding layer on the top of the planting unit is provided with a gap for plant growth.

By adopting the technical scheme, the outer cladding layer is arranged to wrap the soil and the seedlings, so that necessary growth environment and nutrients can be provided for the seedlings during storage, the phenomenon of seed rot before the seedlings are thrown into a seabed is prevented, and the quality guarantee period is prolonged. After setting up surrounding layer parcel soil, after the seedling drops into the sea water, the surrounding layer can effectively wrap up and lock soil in a certain time, can also separate the seedling with the seabed that receives the pollution simultaneously. Therefore, in the seedling germination period, the seedlings can obtain nutrients required by growth from soil, but not simply obtain the nutrients from seawater and/or seabed, and the germination and growth of the seedlings can be effectively promoted. The adoption of the flexible structure body can facilitate the putting of the seedlings and the laying on the seabed, and can also effectively repair the seabed; in addition, the nutrient supply from the germination period to the growth period of the plants is completely considered, so that the times of manual maintenance and operation in the planting period can be effectively reduced, the growth period of the planted plants can be shortened, the cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is effectively improved. The technical scheme has a very simple structure, and compared with the existing floating platform or seabed planting facility, the manufacturing cost is extremely low. The technical scheme provides a convenient and effective planting and transplanting carrier for realizing land breeding, seedling raising and ocean transplanting in the ocean planting industry, and is beneficial to popularization of large-scale planting.

Optionally, the outer cladding layer is made of basalt fiber cloth.

By adopting the technical scheme and the basalt fiber cloth, the ecological floating bed is green and environment-friendly, is favorable for attachment of marine organisms, can create a nutrient-rich aquatic environment for plant growth, and can further shorten the growth period of plants. Meanwhile, the basalt fiber has good strength and toughness, can effectively resist seawater corrosion, can effectively provide wrapping protection for soil, and delays the loss of the soil. Finally, the characteristics of the basalt fiber are beneficial to the attachment growth of marine organisms such as coral and can also provide effective repair for seabed and marine environment.

Optionally, the outer wrapping layer on the top of the planting unit is 175-225 g/m in gram weight ² The basalt fiber cloth.

Optionally, the outer wrapping layer at the bottom of the planting unit is 425-625 g/m in gram weight ² The basalt fiber cloth.

By adopting the technical scheme, the basalt fiber cloth with low gram weight is adopted at the top, and the basalt fiber cloth with high gram weight is adopted at the bottom, so that a structure body with a compact bottom and a loose top can be formed. The large-gram-weight bottom basalt fiber cloth is large in thickness, and the density among the tows is large, so that soil and nutrient loss can be prevented, and nutrient components and soil can be kept in the optimal state. And the thickness of the top basalt fiber cloth with small gram weight is small, the density among the silk bundles is small, the gaps among the silk bundles are large, and after the seedlings germinate, the plants can use the growth force of the plants to push against the gaps among the silk bundles, break the gap constraint among the silk bundles and grow out of the structure body.

Optionally, the cushion body is sewn on the outer covering layer through corrosion-resistant sewing threads, and the inner cavity is divided into a plurality of independent planting units.

Optionally, the corrosion-resistant sewing thread is a high-strength corrosion-resistant basalt sewing thread.

By adopting the technical scheme, the planting units are separated by adopting a mode of sewing the corrosion-resistant suture lines, so that the processing and the manufacturing are convenient, and after the planting body is put into seawater, the corrosion-resistant suture lines can not be corroded and degraded by the seawater, so that the planting prefabricated body can keep a stable structural form, and the plant growth is more facilitated. The high-strength corrosion-resistant basalt sewing thread is adopted, the characteristics of basalt serving as a pure natural environment-friendly material are utilized, the marine environment cannot be affected at all, and the seabed can be effectively repaired after the basalt is attached to the seabed.

Optionally, a sealing layer made of a material naturally degradable in seawater is attached to the inner side or the outer side of the outer wrapping layer of the planting unit.

Optionally, the sealing layer is coated on the inner or outer surface of the outer cladding.

Optionally, the degradable material of the sealing layer is selected from one or more of short molecular chain starch, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, copolyester, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoate, or a modified material of the above materials.

By adopting the technical scheme, the arranged sealing layer can play a role in stopping internal maintenance emission before degradation, so that each planting unit becomes a totally-closed unit body for stopping external bacteria infection, and necessary conditions are provided for long-term preservation of seedlings. After the seedlings come into contact with the seawater, namely in a use state, the sealing layer is automatically degraded, microorganisms and water in the seawater can enter the planting units by utilizing the pressure of the seawater, and the seedlings can quickly begin to germinate after coming into contact with the seawater. The sealing layer is attached to the inner side or the outer side surface of the outer cladding layer in a coating mode, so that the planting units can be better sealed, and the seedlings are prevented from being exposed out of the outer cladding layer when not used. The specific material is preferably adopted because the material has non-enzymatic hydrolytic groups, and can be quickly and controllably degraded in seawater, and the degradation time is fastest12-24H, the degradation product is H ₂ O and O ₂ And no pollution is caused to the marine ecological environment.

Optionally, the outer covering layer on the top of the planting unit is provided with a gap for plant growth, and the gap is a hole formed in the outer covering layer on the top of the planting unit.

By adopting the technical scheme, the plants can better grow out of the outer wrapping layer.

In a second aspect, the preparation method of the flexible marine planting preform provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:

the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing and paving an outer wrapping layer of the bottom layer;

s2, paving fillers on the outer cladding layer of the bottom layer paved in the step S1 according to the configuration mode of one or more independent planting units, wherein the fillers are soil and seedlings;

s3, preparing and laying an outer covering layer of the top layer;

and S4, edge sealing the outer cladding layers of the bottom layer and the top layer, and edge sealing each independent planting unit according to the arrangement mode of one or more independent planting units to finish the preparation of the flexible marine planting prefabricated body.

By adopting the technical scheme, the flexible marine planting prefabricated body can be conveniently produced, and the preparation process of laying the bottom outer cladding layer, laying the filler, laying the top outer cladding layer and sealing the edges is adopted, so that the process is simple, and the size and the number of planting units can be set according to the requirement in a controllable manner.

Optionally, the step S2 includes the following specific steps: firstly, the outer cladding layer of the bottom layer is paved with fillers, and then the fillers are evenly combed and piled according to the configuration mode of one or more independent planting units.

By adopting the technical scheme, the filling amount of the filler in each planting unit can be accurately controlled by combing and stacking according to the planted plants.

Optionally, in the step S1, the outer cladding layer of the bottom layer is prepared by using a monofilament with a diameter of 17-21 μmBasalt fiber woven to have a grammage of 425 to 625g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth.

Optionally, in the step S3, the outer cladding of the top layer is prepared by weaving basalt fibers with monofilament diameter of 17-21 μm to obtain a weight of 175-225 g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth.

Optionally, the preparation of the outer wrapper of steps S1 and S3 comprises the following specific steps: firstly, weaving basalt fiber cloth by using basalt fibers by adopting plain weave or twill weave; then preparing the material which can be naturally degraded in seawater into the raw material of the outer sealing layer; and finally, hot-melting and coating the raw material of the sealing layer on the surface of one side of the basalt fiber cloth to form the sealing layer, and cooling and drying the sealing layer to finish the preparation of the outer cladding layer.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can be comparatively convenient at the outer covering surface coating closed layer, adopt the coating mode that the hot melt was applied paint with a brush in addition, thickness and the material quantity that can the accurate control closed layer, the degradation time after not only can be convenient for the accurate control closed layer meets the sea water, but also effective control raw materials quantity, reduce cost.

Optionally, before the basalt fiber cloth is coated with the sealing layer, surface roughening treatment is required.

Optionally, the surface of the basalt fiber cloth is roughened by performing rolling treatment through a roller with a grinding part, so that a roughened structure layer is formed on the surface of the basalt fiber cloth.

By adopting the technical scheme, the surface of the basalt fiber cloth is subjected to roughening treatment, so that the adhesion of a sealing layer material can be facilitated, and the bonding strength of the sealing layer material and the sealing layer material is improved. The coarsening structure layer is processed on the surface of the basalt fiber cloth, so that a fluffy structure with a large number of gaps can be formed among fiber line bodies, and hot melting raw materials can be favorably infiltrated into the coarsening structure layer when the sealing layer is coated; meanwhile, the coarsened structure layer increases the permeation resistance of the hot-melt raw material in the structure layer, and can prevent the hot-melt raw material from excessively permeating, thereby effectively reducing the consumption of the raw material and lowering the production cost. The coarsening structure layer can also be beneficial to the growth of plants from gaps of a basalt fiber fluffy structure, and the constraint pressure of the fibers on the plants is reduced, so that the plants can easily enlarge gaps among the tows, and the constraint of the gaps among the tows is broken through.

Optionally, the material capable of being naturally degraded in seawater is selected from short molecular chain starch, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, copolyester, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoate or a composite of one or more of modified materials of the materials; the materials of the sealing layer are the following materials capable of being naturally degraded in seawater: basalt fiber microparticles: the initiator is prepared according to the following steps of 20: 0.2: 1, and is prepared by uniformly mixing.

Through the technical scheme, the film forming property of the sealing layer can be effectively enhanced by adopting a specific raw material ratio, the strength and the tear resistance of the sealing layer can be enhanced by adding the basalt fiber particles, the sealing of the planting units can be effectively formed after the sealing layer is coated, and the seedling growth caused by the breakage of the sealing layer during storage is avoided. The basalt fiber particles are selected, after the closed layer is degraded, the residual basalt fiber particles cannot pollute the marine environment, and after the residual basalt fiber particles are attached to the surface of the seabed, the attachment of marine organisms on the seabed can be promoted, and the repairing effect on the seabed can be effectively achieved. In addition, the greatest advantage of adding the basalt fiber particles is that the basalt fiber particles are equivalent to generate a modification effect on the coating, and the modified coating generates a homodromous effect with the basalt fiber cloth due to the existence of the basalt fiber particles, so that the combination effect of the basalt fiber particles and the basalt fiber cloth is enhanced.

In a third aspect, the application further provides a technical scheme for applying the flexible marine planting prefabricated body to the field of marine planting or the field of marine environment restoration.

By adopting the technical scheme, the marine planting prefabricated body can be used for carrying out marine planting on a large scale. The sea bed can be repaired by utilizing the marine planting prefabricated body in a severe sea water pollution area; and the marine plants are planted by using the marine planting prefabricated body, so that the ecological restoration of the marine environment in the seawater pollution area is completed.

In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the application discloses a structural body for wrapping soil and seedlings by an outer cladding layer in a non-floating seawater planting facility. The field considers that the soil can be rapidly lost in the seawater, the seawater can provide enough nutrients for plants, and for seawater plants, the soil culture is only carried out in the breeding and seedling stages and is transplanted into the seawater, and the soil is not needed; and the addition of the soil can affect the turbidity of the seawater due to loss and cause pollution to the seawater. The technical prejudice is effectively overcome by the application. The structure body effectively locks the soil through the outer cladding layer, the loss of the soil after the soil meets the seawater is delayed, and the marine environment cannot be polluted after the seawater is thrown into the structure body. After the structure body of the application is introduced into the soil, sufficient nutrient supply can be provided for the seedlings in the germination period and the growth period of the seedlings, the germination rate of the seedlings can be greatly improved, the germination period is shortened, the growth period of the plants can be effectively shortened, and the rapid growth of the plants is promoted.

2. This application is different with the facility that prior art only provides the attached growth of confession plant in marine planting, and during this application used, directly attached to on the seabed, the soil of slowly releasing can promote the structure and the seabed combination of this application, can effectively play prosthetic effect to the seabed, need not to use anchor assembly moreover, can not cause damage and destruction to the seabed. Simultaneously, the method provides a good growth environment for the plant, can separate the plant seedlings from the seabed, can effectively avoid the adverse effect of the polluted and damaged seabed on the seedling germination when used in the polluted sea area, and greatly improves the survival rate of the seedlings.

3. The application range of the method is extremely wide, the method is not limited by plant varieties, no matter algae plants without root systems or marine plants such as aquatic weeds, mangroves and the like with root systems can be planted by using the method, and the flexible characteristic of the method can be used in various sea areas such as beaches, offshore areas, around island reefs and the like.

4. The preparation simple process of this application can use current sewing equipment to realize the preparation of this application product, and production efficiency is high, and the cost is also lower.

5. The prefabricated member is prefabricated in a factory, and the prefabricated member is coiled, packaged and delivered, so that the transportation and the delivery are convenient, namely, the nutrient soil and the seeds are sewn in advance, the time waste caused by field soil filling and seed planting is effectively reduced, the production efficiency is increased, and the assembly level of field construction is improved.

6. The prefabricated member is divided into a plurality of small units, and is formed by sewing and blocking high-strength corrosion-resistant basalt fiber sewing threads, so that the prefabricated member has the advantage that the phenomenon that the nutrient soil and seeds are unevenly dispersed due to local accumulation of large-area fillers in unhindered fiber cloth due to packing and transportation can be effectively prevented.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single planting unit in embodiment 1 of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 3 of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a cushion body; 11. an outer cladding; 12. a planting unit; 13. a filler; 14. a hole; 2. a sealing layer; 3. corrosion resistant suture.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-5.

The application discloses flexible marine planting preform mainly uses in marine planting field or marine environment restoration field. The utility model provides a flexible marine planting preform is when marine planting field is used, can rationally plan planting area and planting variety according to marine environment. And then selecting corresponding seedlings to prepare the flexible marine planting preform. When the flexible marine planting prefabricated body is used, the flexible marine planting prefabricated body is put in a corresponding sea area according to planning, and the flexible marine planting prefabricated body is laid on a seabed. When the flexible marine planting preform is applied to the field of marine environment restoration, a planting area can be planned according to the marine ecological environment condition of a sea area to be restored and the pollution and damage condition of a seabed, and an appropriate planting variety is selected according to the planned planting area. And then selecting the selected seedlings, and preparing the corresponding marine planting preform according to the planned planting area. When the marine culture system is used, the corresponding flexible marine culture prefabricated bodies are put in the corresponding areas according to the plan and are laid on the seabed. After the plant to be planted grows and the flexible marine planting prefabricated body is combined with the seabed, the marine ecological environment in the planned area can be improved, and the seabed in the planned area can be effectively repaired.

The filler 13 of the present application includes planting soil, and is mixed with a seedling and then thrown into seawater. The number of mixed seedlings can be selected according to the planting specification and the requirement of the selected seedlings, and one or more seedlings can be selectively added into each planting unit.

The present application can select all seeds and seedlings of the seed-borne marine plant, and can also select seedlings of the non-seed-borne algal plant. In the selection of the seedling, the seedling of the plant variety which has economic value and is artificially cultured at present is preferred. The artificially cultured seedlings have high survival rate and short growth period, are more beneficial to large-scale planting and have higher economic benefit.

For example, in selecting the varieties of seeds and seedlings of the present application, woody plants such as mangrove plants can be selected; further, seaweed plants such as Zostera, Pandalus, Isocladia, Anguillar, Synechocystis, Ericaceae, Hypnea, Sphaeria, Aleurites, Okamura, Hai , and Haliotis, for example, gladiolus, Hai , Halimeria, Hibiscus, Ericaria, and Anguillar, may be selected and used in the present application.

For another example, the present application can also select algae plants, such as widely planted algae plants like kelp, undaria pinnatifida, lithospermum, laver, and nemacystus, which have been conventionally used to realize artificial breeding.

Example 1

The embodiment of the application discloses flexible marine planting preform.

Referring to fig. 1, a flexible marine implant preform includes a flexible mat body 1. The cushion body 1 can be rolled into a roll, which is convenient for packing, storing and transporting. When in use, the cushion body 1 is directly unfolded and laid on the seabed in the seawater planting area. The cushion body 1 comprises an outer cladding layer 11 and an inner cavity enclosed by the outer cladding layer 11, the two outer cladding layers 11 are aligned during preparation, and the periphery is sealed to form the cushion body 1 with the inner cavity.

Referring to fig. 2, one or more independent planting units 12 are arranged in the inner cavity of the mat body 1, the planting units 12 are filled with fillers 13, and the fillers 13 are soil and seedlings. The planting units 12 can be generated by arranging a partition structure in the inner cavity for partition, or by partitioning the mat body 1, and then sealing each partition to generate the independent planting units 12. The mat body 1 of the present embodiment may be provided with only one planting unit 12, or may be provided with a plurality of planting units 12. The size of the planting unit 12 can be set according to the needs, and a plurality of planting units 12 can be in a uniform size, or different sizes can be designed according to the planting plan. The outer cladding layer 11 at the top of the planting unit 12 is required to be provided with a gap for plant growth, so that when the seedlings of the plants germinate into plants, the gaps can be collided and expanded by utilizing the growth force of the seedlings, the constraint of the gaps is broken through, and the seedlings smoothly grow out of the outer cladding layer 11; meanwhile, the gaps can also enable seawater to enter the planting units 12, and provide proper conditions for the germination and growth of seedlings.

In this embodiment, the outer covering 11 may be fiber cloth woven from fibers, and fiber cloth with good seawater corrosion resistance, such as polytetrafluoroethylene fiber cloth and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, may be used. The compactness of the fiber cloth can be controlled through a weaving process, so that gaps for plants to grow out are formed in the fiber cloth. By adopting the optimized scheme, the production and the processing are very convenient. In the preferred scheme, the separation of the planting units 12 and the edge sealing of the cushion body 1 can be completed in a sewing mode, and the corrosion-resistant suture lines 3 are adopted for sewing, so that the flexible marine planting prefabricated body can be ensured to keep stable in structure in the submarine environment. The corrosion-resistant suture 3 of the scheme can also be made of corrosion-resistant materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and the like.

The present embodiment can be produced by the following steps:

s1, preparing and laying the bottom overwrap 11. The bottom outer cladding 11 can be made by weaving fiber cloth with suitable weaving density from corrosion-resistant material fibers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

S2, paving filling materials 13 on the outer cladding layer 11 of the bottom layer paved in the step S1 according to the configuration mode of one or more independent planting units 12, wherein the filling materials 13 are soil and seedlings. The entire uniform tiling can be used and then the uniformly tiled filler 13 is combed into individual unit blocks of a particular size and spacing depending on the size and spacing of the designed, planned planting units 12. If the seedling is simply planted, the seedling and the soil can be mixed and then paved by adopting the method; if the special purpose is provided, the soil can be paved in the above mode, and then the seedlings are placed in each independent unit block.

S3, preparing and laying the top outer wrapper 11. This step may be carried out by preparing the outer wrapper 11 in a manner similar to that of step S1 and then laying it on the surface of the semi-finished product obtained in step S2 on which the filler 13 is laid.

And S4, edge sealing the outer cladding layers 11 on the bottom layer and the top layer, and edge sealing each independent planting unit 12 according to the arrangement mode of one or more independent planting units 12 to finish the preparation of the flexible marine planting prefabricated body. The edge sealing can be realized by hot melting edge sealing, gluing edge sealing and the like, and can also be realized by the mode of sewing the corrosion-resistant suture line 3. The edge sealing is performed by adopting a sewing mode, the existing sewing equipment can be used for sealing, the manufacturing cost is lower, the process is simpler, and the production efficiency is higher.

After the preparation is finished, the cushion body 1 is rolled into a roll and then packaged, and the production and the manufacture of finished products are finished.

The design of the embodiment can meet the use requirements of more application scenes.

For example, when a wave-relief forest is constructed around an island reef or a shelter forest is constructed in a tidal flat area, mangrove woody plants can be selected as planting varieties, and a structural design that one cushion body 1 is only provided with one planting unit 12 is adopted. The mangrove woody plant has developed root system after growing, so the planting unit 12 can adopt larger size, and the outer cladding layer 11 at the top and the bottom is provided with gaps for plant growth, thus being convenient for the plant and the root system of the mangrove plant to grow out from the planting unit 12. In the application scene, enough blank areas can be reserved around the planting units 12 of the pad body 1, so that the pad body 1 can be conveniently anchored on the seabed by using anchoring parts, and reticular or grid-shaped proliferation facilities can be conveniently laid in the blank areas, so that marine microorganisms (such as coral and seaweed) are attached to form a small ecological area together with mangrove plants, and the ecological environment of the planting sea area can be kept at a better level.

For example, when the seed-growing marine economic crops such as eel grass are planted on a large scale, the cushion body 1 can be selected to adopt a structural design that a plurality of independent planting units 12 are arranged on the cushion body 1. The planting units 12 can be designed to be consistent in size, are uniformly distributed on the cushion body 1, and are convenient to produce and manufacture. During manufacturing, the size of the planting unit 12 can be selected and the space between the planting units 12 can be designed according to the planting requirement of the selected plant variety. Thus, the proper seedling spacing can be formed as in the case of land planting, which is beneficial to the growth of plants. When in use, the pad body 1 is paved on the seabed of a planting sea area, and a large-scale and ordered seabed planting field can be formed on the seabed.

For another example, when performing marine ecological environment restoration or submarine grassland restoration, the present application may choose to adopt a structural design in which the mat body 1 is provided with a plurality of independent planting units 12. The planting units 12 may be designed to be non-uniform in size, or the distribution of the planting units 12 may be non-uniform. In the application scene of ecological restoration, when the large-area restoration is carried out, different varieties of seaweed are usually required to be planted in a planned planting area, and the planting density is reasonably designed according to the ecological condition of the sea area required to be restored. By adopting the embodiment of the application, the size and the distribution density of the planting units 12 can be reasonably designed according to the needs, and the needs of marine ecological environment restoration and seabed grassland restoration can be completely met.

Different with the planting preform of current floating platform formula, this application is applicable to the seabed and plants, can directly lay the use on the seabed, and what moreover can the lapping accomodates, stores, transports, also need not the anchor during the use, and the range of application is also wider.

Different from the existing grid type, grid type or concrete type seabed planting prefabricated body, the embodiment of the application adopts the outer cladding layer 11 to wrap the soil and the seedlings when the seabed planting is used, so that the soil is effectively wrapped and bound, and the loss of the soil eroded by seawater can be effectively delayed in the early stage of plant growth. And in the later stage of plant growth, especially when planting the plant that has the root system, soil can very big extension soil is in planting the time of unit 12 retention under the stability of root system and the parcel constraint of surrounding layer 11. When the plants are planted on the seabed, soil is introduced into the planting system, and the soil is used for providing nutrition to the planted plants in the front and middle stages, and meanwhile, the plants with root systems can grow on the seabed.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: this example is optimized in material selection.

In this embodiment, the outer covering 11 of the mat body 1 is preferably made of basalt fiber cloth. The basalt fiber cloth can be selected from twill weave or plain weave.

The basalt fiber is a pure natural fiber material, has no pollution to the environment, has the characteristics of being beneficial to the adsorption and the adhesion of the basalt fiber to marine organisms, has high strength and is not easy to be corroded by seawater. After the material selection is optimized, the method can be beneficial to forming a local marine microorganism gathering environment in the throwing area after the flexible marine planting prefabricated body is thrown, can promote the increase of the seawater nutrient concentration of the throwing area, and can provide a more favorable growing environment for the planted plants. Meanwhile, a marine microorganism enrichment effect is locally formed, so that the gathering of microorganisms such as marine fauna and coral worms can be promoted, a local regional ecological environment with a complete food chain is formed, and the ecological environment problems of marine species imbalance and the like caused by over-fishing can be repaired. The aggregation effect can also effectively promote the aggregation of seawater eutrophication substances, facilitate the absorption of the planted plants on the eutrophication substances, and effectively improve the restoration efficiency of seawater eutrophication.

On the basis of the embodiment, the outer cladding 11 on the top of the planting unit 12 preferably adopts a gram weight of 175-225 g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth.

On the basis of the embodiment, the outer cladding layer 11 at the bottom of the planting unit 12 preferably has a gram weight of 425-625 g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth.

In the preferable scheme, the basalt fiber cloth can be preferably woven by fibers with the monofilament diameter of 17-21 mu m, and a plain weave or twill weave mode can be freely selected.

Due to the design of the preferred scheme, the basalt fiber cloth with low gram weight is adopted at the top of the planting unit 12, the tows are loose, the space between the tows is large, and a large gap can be formed for the plants to grow out of the planting unit 12; and the basalt fiber cloth with high gram weight is adopted at the bottom of the planting unit 12, the tows are compact, the space between the tows is small, the fiber cloth is compact as a whole, only fine weaving gaps exist, the soil can be effectively protected, and the soil loss caused by the erosion of the seawater on the soil is delayed.

In this embodiment, the sealing of the mat body 1 and the planting units 12 is preferably performed by sewing. The suture line is preferably made of corrosion-resistant basalt fiber suture line so as to match with the material of the cushion body 1, and the effect of improving the marine environment is better.

The basalt fiber cloth of the embodiment can be prepared by a preparation process similar to that of the embodiment 1, and only the basalt fiber sewing thread of the embodiment is selected when the outer cladding 11 is prepared and the edge sealing is sewed.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from embodiments 1 and 2 in that: the present embodiment is provided with the sealing layer 2 on the inner side or the outer side of the outer cladding 11.

The inner side or the outer side of the outer wrapping layer 11 of the planting unit 12 of the embodiment is attached with a sealing layer 2 made of materials which can be naturally degraded in seawater. The outer cover 11 of this embodiment preferably uses the basalt fiber cloth of embodiment 2.

The material which can be naturally degraded in seawater can be used for preparing a film, and then the film can be used as the sealing layer 2 by wrapping the planting unit 12. Specifically, the scheme of the present example can be prepared by a preparation process similar to that of example 1. After the preparation is finished, the material capable of being naturally degraded in seawater is prepared into a film to cover the whole pad body 1, and then the film is subjected to edge sealing along the edge sealing track of the implant again in a hot melting mode.

The closed layer 2 made of materials capable of being naturally degraded in seawater is arranged, and the closed layer 2 can play a role in stopping internal maintenance emission before degradation, so that each planting unit 12 becomes a fully-closed unit body for stopping external bacteria infection, and necessary conditions are provided for long-term preservation of seedlings. After the seedlings come into contact with the seawater, namely in a use state, the sealing layer 2 is automatically degraded, microorganisms and water in the seawater can enter the planting units 12 by using the pressure of the seawater, and the seedlings can quickly begin to germinate after coming into contact with the seawater. The embodiment can effectively prolong the preservation time of the seedlings and avoid the seedlings from germinating in advance or being rotten due to infection of external bacteria.

In this embodiment, the sealing layer 2 is preferably coated on the inner or outer surface of the outer cladding 11. By adopting the preferable scheme, the processing and the manufacturing are facilitated, the planting unit 12 can be better sealed, no gap exists between the outer cladding layer 11 and the planting unit 12, the seedlings are better prevented from germinating and growing in advance, and the storage life is prolonged. Furthermore, the sealing layer 2 is added by coating, so that the sealing layer 2 can be coated when the outer cladding 11 is prepared, and the sealing layer 2 can be positioned at the inner side of the outer cladding 11. When the basalt fiber cloth is used as the outer cladding layer 11, in the degradation process of the sealing layer 2, the characteristics of the basalt fiber cloth can be utilized to build a local microenvironment suitable for plant growth, and the germination and growth of seedlings are facilitated; meanwhile, the basalt fiber cloth can be used for protecting the sealing layer 2, and the sealing effect is prevented from being lost due to damage and breakage.

In this embodiment, the degradable material of the sealing layer 2 is preferably selected from one of short molecular chain starch, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, copolyester, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoate, or a modified material of the above materials, or a composite material formed by the above materials. The specific material is selected based on the characteristic that the material has non-enzymatic hydrolysis groups, the material can be rapidly and controllably degraded in seawater, the fastest degradation time can reach 12-24H, and the degradation product is H ₂ O and O ₂ And no pollution is caused to the marine ecological environment.

The above preferred embodiment can also be prepared by a similar preparation process as in example 1. Only the preparation step of the outer cladding 11 needs to be adjusted. When the outer cladding 11 is prepared, the sealing layer 2 is coated on one side surface of the outer cladding 11 after the outer cladding 11 is prepared. Since the materials which can be naturally degraded in seawater are basically organic plastics or resin materials, the materials can be coated by adopting a hot-melt painting mode.

In the preparation of the preferred scheme, if the basalt fiber cloth is selected as the outer cladding layer 11, the basalt fiber cloth is preferably subjected to surface roughening treatment before the sealing layer 2 is coated and brushed. So that when the sealing layer 2 is coated with paint in a hot melting way, the hot melting raw material can be better attached to the surface of the basalt fiber cloth, and the bonding strength of the basalt fiber cloth and the basalt fiber cloth is improved.

When the surface of the basalt fiber cloth is roughened, it is preferable to form a roughened structure layer on the surface of the basalt fiber cloth by performing a rolling process using a roller having a grinding process portion.

A coarsening structure layer is processed on the surface of the basalt fiber cloth, so that a fluffy structure with a large number of gaps can be formed among fiber line bodies, and hot melting raw materials can be favorably infiltrated into the coarsening structure layer when the sealing layer 2 is coated; meanwhile, the coarsening structure layer increases the penetration resistance of the hot-melt raw material in the structure layer, and can prevent the hot-melt raw material from excessively penetrating, thereby effectively reducing the consumption of the raw material and lowering the production cost. The coarsening structure layer can also be beneficial to the growth of plants from gaps of the basalt fiber cloth fluffy structure, and the constraint pressure of the fibers on the plants is reduced, so that the plants can grow out after the gaps among the fiber bundles are easily enlarged.

When one or more of short molecular chain starch, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, copolyester, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoate or modified materials of the materials are selected as the material of the sealing layer 2, the following ingredients and procedures can be preferably adopted in the coating process.

The ingredients are as follows: basalt fiber microparticles: the initiator is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight of 20: 0.2: 1, and mixing uniformly. The addition of basalt fiber particles and an initiator can effectively enhance the film forming property, the strength and the tear resistance of the prepared sealing layer 2. And when the basalt fiber cloth is used as the outer cladding layer 11, the basalt fiber cloth can be better combined with the closed layer 2 by adopting the ingredients, and the combination strength of the basalt fiber cloth and the closed layer is effectively improved. After the closed layer 2 is degraded, the residual basalt fiber particles can be attached to the surface of the seabed, so that the marine organisms can be promoted to be attached to the seabed, and the seabed can be effectively repaired. The initiator is preferably ammonium persulfate, and the initiator is preferably mixed in a mechanical stirring manner during proportioning.

When brushing, the prepared sealing layer 2 raw material can be heated to about 60 ℃ to be softened into glue solution, and then brushing equipment is utilized to brush the glue solution on the surface of the outer cladding layer 11. During brushing, the prepared sealing layer 2 raw material is preferably subjected to ultrasonic treatment, so that the kinetic energy of particles in the glue solution is increased, the raw materials can be mixed more uniformly, and the brushing efficiency can be improved. After the painting is finished, the outer cladding layer 11 is dried for more than 2 hours in a constant temperature environment of about 40 ℃, and then the coating of the sealing layer 2 is finished.

Example 4

The present embodiment is different from embodiments 1 to 3 in that: in the present embodiment, the outer covering layer 11 on the top of the planting unit 12 is provided with a hole 14 for plants to grow out of the planting unit 12.

This example is designed primarily based on growing large plants. For example, when the mangrove woody plant is planted, the plant is large, and if the outer covering layer 11 is made of fiber cloth, the plant cannot grow smoothly only by the gap of the fiber cloth of the outer covering layer 11. When planting the plants of the above varieties, it is considered that the outer cladding 11 on the top of the planting unit 12 is provided with the holes 14, so that the plants can grow conveniently.

The technical effects of the present application are verified by comparative experiments as follows.

Experiment 1 soil loss experiment

The implant preforms of example 1 and example 2 were prepared.

The planting unit 12 for planting the preform in the embodiment 1 adopts the size of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, the outer cladding 11 adopts ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber woven cloth, the outer cladding 11 at the top layer adopts the fiber with the monofilament diameter of 17-21 mu m, and the gram weight is woven to be 175-225 g/m ² The outer covering layer 11 of the bottom layer adopts the fiber with the monofilament diameter of 17-21 mu m and is woven into the fiber cloth with the gram weight of 425-625 g/m ² The fiber cloth of (2). Finally, the planting prefabricated body of the single planting unit is prepared. Planting soil is filled in the planting units 12, and the edge sealing is performed by sewing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber.

The planting unit 12 of the planting preform in embodiment 2 adopts a size of 50cm × 50cm, the outer covering 11 adopts basalt fiber cloth, and the outer covering 11 at the top layer adopts a weight of 175-225 g/m ² The outer cladding layer 11 of the bottom layer of the basalt fiber cloth adopts a weight per gram of 425-625 g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth. Finally, the planting prefabricated body of the single planting unit is prepared. Planting soil is filled in the planting units 12, and the edge sealing is performed by sewing high-strength corrosion-resistant basalt sewing threads.

Comparative example 1 a common woven bag was used and filled with planting soil. Comparative example 2 a plastic flowerpot was used with planting soil inside.

Then, the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 are weighed, the water content is calculated, then the water is put into an experimental water pool simulating the marine environment, the flow rate of water is 1.5-2.0 m/s, the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 are taken out after 30 days, the water is weighed again after being dried to the initial water content, and the soil loss rate is calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

/	Example 1	Example 2	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
					Soil loss rate	11.5％	5.2％	18.4％	32.2％

Table 1 soil loss test results data table

Experiment 2 seedling germination experiment

Eel grass is selected as a planting object. And selecting an area (the water depth is 12-16 m) where the long island body repairing project in the tobacco terrace city is located as a planting area. Selecting a sea area in the planting area where seabed sediment is not damaged as an experimental area, and selecting a seabed with the seabed sediment thickness of more than 15cm in the experimental planting area.

The implant preform of example 2 was prepared by using 20cm × 20cm for the implant unit 12, basalt fiber cloth for the outer cladding 11, and 175-225 g/m for the outer cladding 11 at the top ² The outer cladding layer 11 of the bottom layer of the basalt fiber cloth adopts a weight per gram of 425-625 g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth. A 10 x 10 implant preform was prepared. Planting soil and one eel grass seed are filled in each planting unit 12, and the edge sealing is performed by sewing high-strength corrosion-resistant basalt sewing threads. Using the above preform as a preformExample 1 of this experiment.

Planting soil and eel grass seeds are filled in the same filling mode by using woven cloth used for common woven bags and adopting a high-strength corrosion-resistant basalt sewing thread sewing mode according to the method of the application, and a planting preform with the same size as that of the experimental example 1 is prepared. The preform described above was used as example 2 in this experiment.

And (3) opening a planting area with the same size as the planting prefabricated body for the experiment on the seabed of the planting sea area, applying eel seeds in the planting area at the same interval as the planting prefabricated body, and planting 100 eels in total, wherein the depth of the seed implantation sediment is 5-10 cm.

The planting prefabricated body for the experiment is put beside the planting area of the comparative example, the eel grass is planted in the same day, the growth condition of the eel grass is observed, and the eel grass germination rate and the average germination duration of the comparative example and the embodiment are calculated after the eel grass is completely grown. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 table of experimental results of seedling germination

Experiment 3 seedling storage experiment

10 groups of planting prefabricated bodies of the embodiment 2 of the application are prepared, the planting units 12 are 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the outer cladding 11 is made of basalt fiber cloth, and the outer cladding 11 at the top layer is made of basalt fiber cloth with the gram weight of 175-225 g/m ² The outer cladding layer 11 of the bottom layer of the basalt fiber cloth adopts a weight per gram of 425-625 g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth. A 10 x 10 implant preform was prepared.

5 implant preforms were selected as comparative examples, the outer cladding 11 was not provided with the closing layer 2; selecting 5 implant preforms as an example, the outer cladding 11 is provided with a closing layer 2. The material of the sealing layer 2 is polylactic acid, and the polylactic acid is coated on the outer side of the outer cladding 11 in a hot melting way.

The planting units 12 of 5 planting preforms of comparative example and example were filled with nutrient soil, and 5 planting preforms were filled with sea grass, halophila, eel grass seeds, and artificially cultivated seedlings of kelp and undaria pinnatifida, respectively. After 30 days, the planting preforms of the comparative example and the example were disassembled, the seedlings were all taken out, the preservation conditions of the 5 seedlings of the comparative example and the example were checked, the ratio of the ungerminated, unmolded and intact seedlings was calculated, and the results are shown in table 3.

/	Sea grass	All-grass of common salt	Eel grass	Sea tangle	Undaria pinnatifida
						Comparative example	76％	82％	74％	77％	72％
Examples	96％	98％	96％	92％	94％

Table 3 seedling storage experiment result data table

Experiment 4 planting experiment

6 sets of the implant preforms of example 2 of the present application were prepared, and the implant unit 12 was used in a size of 20cm × 20cm to prepare 10 × 10 implant preforms. Wherein, the outer cladding layer 11 of the 3 groups of planting prefabricated bodies is prepared by basalt fiber cloth as an embodiment; the outer cladding layer 11 of 3 groups of implant preforms is prepared by adopting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth as a comparative example.

The outer cladding layer 11 of the top layer of the embodiment adopts the gram weight of 175-225 g/m ² The outer cladding layer 11 of the bottom layer of the basalt fiber cloth adopts a weight per gram of 425-625 g/m ² The basalt fiber cloth.

The top outer cover 11 of the comparative example was made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth having a grammage equal to that of the example, and the bottom outer cover 11 was made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth having a grammage equal to that of the example.

The method comprises the steps of selecting seaweeds, halophilic weeds and eel weeds as planting objects, and selecting the area (the water depth is 12-16 m) where the long island body restoration project in the tobacco terrace city is located as a planting area.

In 3 sets of planting prefabricated bodies of the examples and the comparative examples, gladiolus, halophila paradisi and eel grass seeds are respectively filled and then put into a planting area. The example and the comparative example are thrown in the same day, then the germination and growth conditions of the seaweed are observed, and the germination rate, the survival rate and the growth period of the seaweed in the example and the comparative example are calculated until the seaweed is completely grown. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 planting experiment result data table

According to the result of experiment 1, can see that the planting preform of this application adopts the preferred density of weaving that this application designed after, obviously be superior to current braided bag and flowerpot to the protective capacities of soil, can effectively prevent soil loss to can realize when marine planting, can adopt soil, provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of seaweed.

According to the results of experiment 2, the planting prefabricated body made of the basalt fiber cloth can greatly improve the germination rate of seedling planting and greatly shorten the growth cycle of planted plants.

Combining the results of experiment 1 and experiment 2, the following conclusions can be drawn. When the plant seedlings are planted in the ocean, the germination and growth of the seedlings are obviously facilitated when the plant seedlings have soil. The problem of soil loss can be solved by designing a special outer coating layer to delay the soil loss rate or reduce the soil loss rate. The design of the application obviously overcomes the technical prejudice that soil is not added when the field is planted on the seabed.

According to the result of experiment 3, can see that, adopt the planting preform of this application design, after setting up seal 2, the storage time of seedling can be prolonged by a wide margin, can effectively avoid the seedling to contaminate fungus and milden and rot moreover. After the sealing layer 2 is arranged, the seedling is stored for 30 days, and the perfectness rate of the seedling can reach more than 95%.

According to the results of experiment 4, the basalt fibers are adopted to prepare the planting prefabricated body, so that the germination of the planted plant seedlings can be effectively promoted, the growth cycle of the plants is shortened, and the growth of the plants is promoted.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The flexible marine planting preform is characterized by comprising a flexible cushion body (1), wherein the cushion body (1) comprises an outer cladding (11) and an inner cavity surrounded by the outer cladding (11); one or more independent planting units (12) are arranged in the inner cavity of the cushion body (1), fillers (13) are filled in the planting units (12), and the fillers (13) comprise planting soil; the outer cladding (11) at the top of the planting unit (12) is provided with a gap for plant growth.

2. Flexible marine implant preform according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer covering (11) is made of basalt fibre cloth.

3. The flexible marine planting preform of claim 2, wherein the outer cladding (11) on the top of the planting unit (12) is made of basalt fiber cloth with a grammage of 175-225 g/m2, and the outer cladding (11) on the bottom of the planting unit (12) is made of basalt fiber cloth with a grammage of 425-625 g/m 2.

4. The flexible marine implant preform of claim 1, wherein the cushion body (1) is sewn on the outer envelope (11) by means of corrosion resistant sewing threads (3) dividing the inner cavity of the cushion body (1) into a plurality of individual implant cells (12).

5. Flexible marine implant preform according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer covering (11) of the planting unit (12) is attached inside or outside with a sealing layer (2) made of a material that naturally degrades in seawater.

6. The flexible marine planting preform of claim 5, wherein the material of the sealing layer (2) that is naturally degradable in seawater is selected from short molecular chain starch, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, copolyester, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoate, or a composite of one or more of the above materials.

7. A preparation method of the flexible marine implant preform as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

s1, preparing and laying a bottom outer wrapping layer (11);

s2, paving fillers (13) on the outer wrapping layer (11) of the bottom layer paved in the step S1 according to the configuration mode of one or more independent planting units (12), wherein the fillers (13) are soil and seedlings;

s3, preparing and laying an outer covering layer (11) of the top layer;

s4, edge sealing the outer cladding layers (11) of the bottom layer and the top layer, and edge sealing each independent planting unit (12) according to the arrangement mode of one or more independent planting units (12), so that the preparation of the flexible marine planting prefabricated body is completed.

8. The method for preparing a flexible marine implant preform according to claim 7, wherein the preparation of the outer covering (11) of step S1 and step S3 comprises the following specific steps: firstly, weaving basalt fiber cloth by using basalt fibers in a plain weave or a twill weave; then preparing the material which can be naturally degraded in seawater into the raw material of the outer sealing layer (2); and finally, coating the sealing layer (2) on the surface of one side of the basalt fiber cloth in a hot melting manner to form the sealing layer (2), and completing the preparation of the outer cladding (11) after the sealing layer (2) is cooled and dried.

9. The preparation method of the flexible marine planting preform according to claim 8, wherein the basalt fiber cloth is subjected to surface roughening treatment before the sealing layer (2) is coated, so that a roughened structure layer is formed on the surface of the basalt fiber cloth.

10. The preparation method of the flexible marine planting preform according to claim 8, wherein the material capable of being naturally degraded in seawater is selected from short-chain starch, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, copolyester, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyalkanoate, or a composite of one or more of modified materials of the above materials; the materials of the sealing layer (2) are the following materials capable of being naturally degraded in seawater: basalt fiber microparticles: the initiator is prepared according to the following steps of 20: 0.2: 1, and is prepared by uniformly mixing.