WO2020107576A1

WO2020107576A1 - Artificial ecological reef of composite concrete material for ecological restoration of coral reefs

Info

Publication number: WO2020107576A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/122197
Authority: WO
Inventors: 袁涛; 张浴阳; 黄晖
Original assignee: 中国科学院南海海洋研究所
Priority date: 2018-12-17
Filing date: 2018-12-19
Publication date: 2020-06-04
Also published as: CN109699548A; AU2018450782B2; CN109699548B; AU2018450782A1

Abstract

Provided is an artificial ecological reef made of a composite concrete material for the ecological restoration of coral reefs. The artificial ecological reef comprises a concrete reef body, wherein iron fibers are at least distributed on a surface of the concrete reef body. According to the artificial ecological reef of the composite concrete material, a surface is provided with the uniformly distributed high-density and high-carbon cast iron fibers, wherein same are increased by 25% to 30% compared with that in a common concrete reef. The concrete reef has rich three-dimensional structures and may provide more spaces for coral larvae to adhere thereto, and this may improve the adhesion rate of the coral larvae. Moreover, since the carbon content of the high-carbon cast iron fibers is high, iron molecules and carbon molecules in high-iron fibers are likely to form the metal of a galvanic cell, such that an oxidation reaction takes place actively, and the resulting biochemical reaction can promote the calcification growth of hermatypic corals.

Description

Artificial ecological reef with composite concrete material for ecological restoration of coral reef

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the field of coral reef ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an artificial ecological reef body made of composite concrete used for coral reef ecological restoration.

Background technique:

The southern island reef solidified by reef-building corals is an important guarantee for my country’s marine sovereignty, and it is also a valuable treasure trove of marine biodiversity and biologically active substances. It has very important ecological value, economic value and national strategic security value. Due to the slow growth of reef-building corals and the slow natural recovery process of coral reefs, it is generally accepted internationally that the management of coral reefs needs to change from passive protection to active recovery strategies. The use of artificial ecological reefs can stabilize and repair the base of the damaged coral reef area, reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the reef area, increase the attachment base of the natural reef-building coral, accelerate its natural recovery process, and add value and repair for other functional biological population The overall implementation of the company provides a good foundation. We use artificial ecological reefs to stabilize the base of damaged and broken coral reefs and repair the three-dimensional framework structure of the reef body, providing suitable habitats for reef-building corals and reef aquatic organisms, and accelerating the natural recovery process of coral reef ecosystems.

At present, the restoration of international coral reef ecosystems generally uses metal and concrete materials as the main frame materials of artificial ecological reefs. Concrete material reefs have obvious advantages over metal material reefs in terms of production cost per unit volume, and can provide more attachment area for coral larvae. The shape plasticity and three-dimensional structure richness are also good; In terms of durability of reef materials, concrete materials are generally better than metal reefs. Metal reefs have obvious advantages in inducing the attachment of coral larvae and promoting the growth and calcification of reef corals. Studies at home and abroad have proved that some types of reef-building coral surfer larvae obviously attach selectively to iron substrates, and in practical ecological restoration applications in natural sea areas, metal reef bodies are also significantly superior to the larval attachment law per unit area. Concrete material reefs; and the micro-current generated during the oxidative corrosion of metal materials will promote the precipitation of calcium carbonate in seawater and immerse on the surface, which will promote the growth of reef-forming coral calcification.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the present invention is to provide an artificial ecological reef with composite concrete material for the ecological restoration of coral reefs for the restoration of reef-building coral communities, the stabilization of broken substrates and the restoration of the three-dimensional structure of reefs for the areas of mild to severe damage to the coral reef ecosystem. It is widely used in the ecological restoration projects of coral reefs in the areas of tropical coral reefs, reef rocks and coral gravel debris.

The composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs of the present invention includes a concrete material reef, and is characterized in that iron fibers are distributed on at least the surface of the concrete material reef.

Preferably, the composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs is made by adding iron fiber to the slurry of concrete, and then made into an artificial ecological reef body (that is, composite ecological material artificial ecology for coral reef ecological restoration Reef, the same below). Doped in the raw material slurry, the entire artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete used for coral reef ecological restoration can be evenly rich in iron fiber.

The added amount of the iron fiber is 3-10% of the total mass of the artificial ecological reef.

Preferably, the fiber length of the iron fiber is 30 mm to 60 mm.

Preferably, the iron fiber is cast iron fiber with a carbon content of 3.5% to 4.0% by mass.

Preferably, the artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete used for coral reef ecological restoration has a truncated cone shape.

Further preferably, the truncated cone-shaped artificial ecological reef body is hollow inside, and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the truncated cone are respectively provided with an upper opening and a lower opening, and the upper opening and the lower opening communicate with the internal hollow of the artificial ecological reef body , Thereby forming a hollow body.

Preferably, the shape of the hollow body corresponds to a truncated cone-shaped artificial ecological reef, but it is smaller. In this way, multiple artificial ecological reefs can be stacked together, which has the design features of space saving and easy transfer and lifting, and there is no crushing damage during actual transportation.

Preferably, a coral fixing device is provided on the exposed surface of the artificial ecological reef body, such as a side surface or an upper surface, for fixing the coral.

Preferably, an expansion tube is provided on the side and/or the upper surface. When fixing the coral, a T-shaped coral fixing rivet can be installed in the expansion tube. The T-shaped cross bar can help fix the coral plant and prevent it from moving and slipping off.

The composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs of the present invention has high-density and evenly distributed high-carbon cast iron fibers on the surface, which not only has the production cost advantage of ordinary concrete reefs (increased by 25 compared with ordinary concrete reefs) %～30%) and structural advantages, that is, the three-dimensional structure of the concrete reef is rich and can provide more attachment space for coral larvae. It also has the chemical and biological performance advantages of metal reefs, which can increase the attachment rate of coral larvae, and High-carbon cast iron fiber is easy to form galvanic metal due to the relatively easy formation of iron molecules and carbon molecules in the carbon-containing high-iron fibers. The resulting biochemical reaction can promote the calcification of reef-forming corals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION:

1 is a schematic structural view (cross-sectional view) of a composite concrete artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view of a composite concrete artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to the present invention (top view)

Among them, 1. cone table; 2. bottom surface; 3. upper table surface; 4. lower opening; 5. upper opening; 6. hollow body; 7. plastic expansion tube; 8. through hole; 9. side surface.

detailed description:

The following examples are a further illustration of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention.

Example 1:

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the artificial concrete reef used for the ecological restoration of coral reefs in this embodiment is a regular hexagonal frustum 1, the lower bottom surface 2 of the frustum is a regular hexagon, and the upper part of the frustum The countertop 3 is a regular hexagon, the lower bottom surface of the truncated cone is provided with a regular hexagonal lower opening 4, the upper central countertop is provided with a regular hexagonal upper opening 5, a truncated cone-shaped composite concrete artificial ecological reef The interior is hollow, and the upper opening and the lower opening communicate with the interior hollow of the artificial ecological reef body, thereby forming the hollow body 6. The shape of the hollow body corresponds to the shape of a truncated cone-shaped artificial ecological reef, but the proportion is smaller. Plastic expansion pipes 7 are embedded on the side 9 and the upper table 3 of the artificial concrete reef made of composite concrete. Each side 9 of the artificial ecological reef body made of composite concrete is provided with a through hole 8 to communicate with the internal hollow body 6.

The composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs is prepared by the following method:

Use GB175-2007 "General Portland Cement" PO 42.5 ordinary portland cement as the main material, then add high carbon cast iron fiber as the main chemical and biological performance material of artificial ecological reef, and then add other additives for concrete, mix Forming a slurry to

The internal frame is made of steel bars to enhance the overall structural strength of the reef. It is prepared according to the conventional preparation method of concrete. The structural strength of the finished product meets the requirements of C30 concrete according to GB50010-2010 "Specifications for Design of Concrete Structures". One-time release of metal molds. That is to say, the artificial ecological reef of the present invention only adds high-carbon cast iron fibers to the raw material slurry of the concrete in the process of making the conventional concrete reef, and the others are the same as the process of making the concrete reef.

The added amount of the high carbon cast iron fiber is 6.5% of the total mass of the artificial ecological reef, the high carbon cast iron fiber has a C content of 3.5 to 4%, and the fiber length of the high carbon cast iron fiber is 30 mm to 60 mm. Thus, an artificial ecological reef body made of composite concrete used for ecological restoration of coral reefs is obtained. The reef body made of ordinary concrete without the addition of high-carbon cast iron fiber and the same manufacturing process was used as a control.

The artificial concrete reef made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs has high carbon cast iron fibers evenly distributed on the surface with high density, and the fibers on the surface of the reef body are hardly rubbed without falling off, and the cross section of the reef body is also distributed with cast iron fibers.

The composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs of this embodiment has high-density and uniformly distributed high-carbon cast iron fibers on the surface, which has the advantages of production cost of ordinary concrete reefs (increased compared with ordinary concrete reefs) 25%～30%) and structural advantages, that is, the three-dimensional structure of the concrete reef is rich and can provide more attachment space for coral larvae. It also has the chemical and biological performance advantages of metal reefs, which can increase the attachment rate of coral larvae. In addition, the high-carbon cast iron fibers are more likely to form galvanic metals due to the iron molecules and carbon molecules in the carbon-containing high-speed iron fibers. The resulting biochemical reactions can promote the calcification of reef-forming corals.

The artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete used for ecological restoration of coral reefs of this embodiment adopts a three-dimensional porous hole design, and is suitable for a water depth of 3m to 20m to cover the main growth and distribution depth range of reef-forming corals. The stability under the ground prevents the occurrence of overturning and displacement. It can also enrich the three-dimensional structure of the reef area, increase the area where coral larvae can attach, provide a suitable habitat for reef-fish and small benthic organisms, and help repair the area Improvement of overall biomass and biodiversity.

The artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs of this embodiment provides bottom sowing space sites higher than the original base for bottom sowing corals. A single artificial ecological reef body can be used for transplanting 3-7 corals of bottom sowing corals. Installed on pre-planted plastic expansion tube underwater

Type 304 "T-shaped coral fixed rivet" (nail length 12cm, horizontal bar length 5cm), T-shaped cross bar can help fix the coral plant and prevent it from moving and slipping.

The structure and rigidity of the composite concrete artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs in this embodiment can effectively resist external waves such as waves and currents in the natural sea area, and the density per unit area can reach 15 per unit area evenly distributed. At 100m ² , it can effectively limit the migration of debris in the drop area, reduce the impact of water erosion on the substrate, and have a stable effect on the bottom of the repair area. In the application of restoration engineering of severely damaged coral reef ecosystems, after different types of reefs are released into the sea area of severely damaged coral reefs, the corals can be transplanted according to the same or equivalent treatments for bottom sowing. Attachment statistics show that 3 different materials (composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for coral reef ecological restoration in this embodiment, common concrete material reef with no high-carbon cast iron fiber control and metal reef) were counted 30 Reefs, the artificial concrete reefs of the composite concrete material used for ecological restoration of coral reefs of this embodiment are superior to metal and ordinary concrete reefs in the adhesion effect of coral larvae, and there are only warty cups on both metal and ordinary concrete reefs Coral (Pocillopora verrucosa) larvae are attached, and the composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for coral reef ecological restoration in this embodiment has two types of reef-building coral larvae attached (Pocillopora verrucosa, Acropora sp.); the concrete material of the present composite for the artificial reef coral eco ecological restoration embodiment of the coral reef larval attaching an average of about 2.3 / m ^2, the maximum number of larvae attached single reef about 6.7 / m ^2, much better than Ordinary concrete reef (average 1.3/m ² ); because of the reinforced structure, the area of metal reefs available for attachment is much lower than the artificial concrete reefs made of composite concrete used for coral reef ecological restoration. The approximate volume is the highest attachment larvae for a single metal reef The number is 6. At present, the artificial concrete reefs made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs have been applied in many coral reef ecological restoration projects in Sanya, Xisha and other sea areas. The cumulative number of projects in the past ^{two years} has been more than 4,300, and the restoration area has reached 30,000m ² and achieved Good repair effect.

Example 2:

The composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the amount of the high-carbon cast iron fiber added is 3% of the total mass of the artificial ecological reef. The effect of the prepared artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for coral reef ecological restoration is the same as that of the artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for coral reef ecological restoration in Example 1.

Example 3:

The composite concrete material artificial ecological reef for ecological restoration of coral reefs in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the amount of the high-carbon cast iron fiber added is 10% of the total mass of the artificial ecological reef. The effect of the prepared composite concrete material artificial ecological reef body for coral reef ecological restoration is the same as that of the composite concrete material artificial ecological reef body for coral reef ecological restoration in Example 1.

Claims

An artificial ecological reef body made of composite concrete used for ecological restoration of coral reefs includes a reef body made of concrete, characterized in that iron fibers are distributed at least on the surface of the reef body made of concrete.
The artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete used for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete used for ecological restoration of coral reefs is added to the slurry for making concrete The iron fiber is then made into an artificial ecological reef, which is an artificial ecological reef made of composite concrete used for coral reef ecological restoration.
The artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the added amount of the iron fiber is 3-10% of the total mass of the artificial ecological reef body.
The artificial reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber length of the iron fiber is 30 mm to 60 mm.
The artificial ecological reef with composite concrete material for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the iron fiber is cast iron fiber with a carbon content of 3.5% to 4.0% by mass.
The artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs is in the shape of a truncated cone.
The artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 6, characterized in that the truncated cone-shaped artificial ecological reef body is hollow inside, and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the truncated cone are respectively provided There are an upper opening and a lower opening. The upper opening and the lower opening communicate with the internal hollow of the artificial ecological reef body, thereby forming a hollow body.
The artificial reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 7, characterized in that the shape of the hollow body corresponds to a truncated cone-shaped artificial ecological reef body.
The artificial ecological reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 1, 2, 7 or 8, characterized in that a coral fixing device is provided on the exposed surface of the artificial ecological reef body.
The artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs according to claim 9, characterized in that an expansion pipe is provided on the side and/or the upper surface of the artificial concrete reef body made of composite concrete for ecological restoration of coral reefs .