CN102432108B - Three-dimensional ecological restoration method for supereutrophic lake water body - Google Patents
Three-dimensional ecological restoration method for supereutrophic lake water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN102432108B CN102432108B CN2011103320012A CN201110332001A CN102432108B CN 102432108 B CN102432108 B CN 102432108B CN 2011103320012 A CN2011103320012 A CN 2011103320012A CN 201110332001 A CN201110332001 A CN 201110332001A CN 102432108 B CN102432108 B CN 102432108B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional ecological restoration method for a supereutrophic lake water body. The method comprises the following steps of: inserting a plurality of fixed piles into a hard layer at the bottom of a lake, transversely connecting the tops and middle parts of the fixed piles with steel cables to form an enclosure structure, connecting water-proof canvas serving as enclosure cloth with the fixed piles, and fixing the bottom end of the enclosure cloth and a gabion at the bottom of the lake after sewing to constitute an enclosure; transforming a substrate in the enclosure; partitioning the water surface into multiple layers according to water plants needing to be planted; transplanting the water plants; establishing an ecological floating island; performing biological alga control; and running an ecological enclosure system, maintaining and managing. By adopting the method, the water quality can be improved remarkably, the water transparency is enhanced remarkably, the nutrient salt content is lowered remarkably, and remarkable ecological benefit and landscape effect are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water body restorative procedure, be specifically related to a kind of ecological restoring method of ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake.
Background technology
The lake ecosystem major function is purification function (nutrition, organism and pollutent), function vector (species diversity and rare species), the function of regulating and storing (flood and arid), production function (fishery and water source), and other also have regulatory function (greenhouse gases), Social Culture function.The lake eutrophication of increasingly extensive generation then causes lake ecosystem degeneration (species diversity descends and functional deterioration), water quality property lack of water (deteriorating water quality and bad V class water increase) and environmental disaster (blue-green alga bloom outburst etc.).Eutrophication is that shallow lake aquatic vegetation is degenerated and the main driving factors that disappear.Overnutrition not only causes summer, the hydrobiont raised growth destroyed water landscape, and caused serious problems such as anoxic at night.Therefore, research adapts to the technology of serious eutrophic water body aquatic vegetation recovery, ecosystem restoration, finally improves the detergent power of water body, realizes continuing to improve the target of water quality, and is significant.But at present; Existing reduction lake eutrophication; The improvement engineering of recovering the normal ecosystem in lake all exists measure single, after implementing the recovery of the ecosystem slower, and the lake of higher, the easy appearance of treatment cost after the administering problem of eutrophication once more.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to remedy the deficiency of prior art, a kind of stereo ecological restorative procedure of ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake is provided.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of stereo ecological restorative procedure of ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake, and this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) making up enclosure isolates water body and the outer water body of enclosure in the enclosure:
Thoroughly remove the foreign material of the lakebed of enclosure yet to be built; Some spud piles are inserted in the lakebed hard layers, and the degree of depth of inserting in the hard layer is no less than 1 meter, and the top of spud pile is not less than the trestle height in waters to be repaired, and the top of all spud piles and middle part are connected to form Fence structure with cable wire between laterally; Select waterproof and the water-proof canvas of tool as enclosure cloth; Enclosure cloth is fixedly connected on the inboard of spud pile with cable wire; The trestle level of blocking water height and waters to be repaired of enclosure cloth; Make enclosure cloth surround waters to be repaired, the bottom of enclosure cloth is fixed on the lakebed hard layer through gabion, and water body and the outer water body of enclosure in the enclosure are isolated fully;
(2) stereo ecological system constructing:
A. substrate transformation:
Remove the sharp object of waters substrate in the enclosure, by the consumption of 180～225 kg/ha white lime is sprayed the processing of cleaning up the pond after with water-dispersion with white lime then comprehensively;
B. lay waterplant by different level:
I. be lower than 1.5 meters offshore place employing sandbag or the bank protection under water of timber laying height 30～50cm in the depth of water, be used to make up the life condition of emergent and floatingleaved plant;
Ii. substrate is transformed and is finished after 5～7 days; Implement to lay by different level the waterplant kind: the depth of water is lower than 1.5 meters waters laying emergent and floatingleaved plant; Submerged plant is laid in the waters that the depth of water is 1.5～2 meters, and it is 60～100m that the waters of the depth of water more than 2 meters makes up area
2Ecological floating island, the total area of ecological floating island accounts for 5%～10% of water surface area in the enclosure;
Iii. waterplant is transplanted:
Connect root band earth to early April by the end of March in every year and transplant emergent, transplanting density is every square metre 2～3 strain; Annual mid or late April band root is transplanted floatingleaved plant, and transplanting density is every square metre 4～6 strain; Mid or late May in every year is transplanted submerged plant, and transplanting density is every square metre 5～8 strain;
C. biological control algae:
After waterplant is laid completion by different level; Throw in the silver carp bighead class of the long 3～5cm of body algae is controlled, the release time is annual late June, and quantity is every square metre 5～10 tail; The input ratio of silver carp class and bighead class is 1: 1, forms enclosure water body stereo ecological system;
(3) enclosure water body stereo ecological system running maintenance:
At enclosure water ecosystem run duration, periodic monitoring water body concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus changes; The upgrowth situation of periodic monitoring planktonic organism and waterplant, annual March～safeguard that waterplant, July carry out supplementary maintenance June; Dead plants and plant residue are cleared up or changed to the plant of regular maintenance ecological floating island, keeps the chinampa plant normal growth; Monitor the fish growth situation annual winter, carry out new and old replacement according to the fish growth situation to fish annual February～June; Maintenance service circulation to enclosure water body stereo ecological system is carried out, and gets into oneself's maintenance stage until it.
Wherein, spud pile is steel pipe or timber described in the step (1), and wherein steel pipe is for crossing the seamless GB steel pipe of zinc, is spaced apart 3～6 meters between adjacent steel pipe or the timber; The water tolerance of canvas is more than 5 years; The inboard of spud pile is fixed with hook, and enclosure cloth is fixedly connected on cable wire on the fixed hook of inboard of steel pipe or timber.
Wherein, The construction process of ecological floating island is described in the step (2): select for use wood materials to make up circle or quadra; Be fixed in lakebed with cable wire around the framework, framework upper is fixed with hard foam, lays 9～12 holes that the aperture is 5～8cm for every square metre on the hard foam; Plant according to selecting to be fit to plantation season in the hole, is built into ecological floating island with plant cultivating.The plant of spring and summer plantation in season is trifolium or chrysanthemum, and the plant that autumn and winter season plants is rye grass or arabian cron.
Can know by technique scheme; The present invention is fully recognized that ultra eutrophication water has obviously the solid space structure of gradation sense clearly; And shallow lake coastal belt proportion is big; Waterplant is an ecosystem primary structure component, waterplant through fixedly nutrition, suppress algae, the habitat function is provided and suppresses substrate resuspending function to purify water and stable environment; Through the accumulation of autotrophic organism living weight and food chain formation function system biological variety and resources bank.Stable and the Sustainable development of aquatic vegetation are lake ecosystem function and stable basis.Therefore lay special stress on is at first implemented enclosure structure and substrate transformation in the technical scheme of the present invention, and purpose is to utilize physical measure to create the envrionment conditions of aquatic plants growth; Consider the living environment demand of different waterplant then; Habit according to different plants from the offshore to the ballow disposes the dissimilar waterplant and the plant of water surface ecological floating island; Promptly lay waterplant by different level; With the recovery of promotion aquatic vegetation structure, and combine the ecological characteristic of ultra eutrophication water and the habit of plant, the migration process of strict control waterplant; Implement biological control algae besides, get rid of the disturbing influence of algal grown aquatic plants growth; Make ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake obtain comprehensive, omnibearing stereo ecological reparation, through implementing the running maintenance of enclosure water body stereo ecological system, get into oneself's maintenance stage at last, accomplish restoration of the ecosystem ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake until the ecosystem.Through to adopting the inventive method to repair that the monitoring data of water quality compares inside and outside the trial plot of water body, find in the trial plot water quality be improved significantly, water transparency significantly improves, nutrient concentrations is significantly reduction also.And weak point repair time that ultra eutrophication water is ecological, the enclosure ecosystem operation just can get into oneself's maintenance stage after 1～2 year.The situation that eutrophication do not occur repeatedly.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) takes into full account the solid space structure of ultra eutrophication water; Has obviously gradation sense clearly; Consider the habitat demand of different waterplant; From the offshore to the ballow, dispose the configuration of different waterplant types and water surface ecological floating island plant, have tangible ecological benefits and landscape effect.
(2) present technique each link around the rejuvenation of waterplant in implementation process is carried out; As implement at first that enclosure makes up and the substrate transformation; Purpose is to utilize physical measure to create the envrionment conditions of aquatic plants growth; Next is that the different plants configuration of shoaling water and the biological floating island of ballow make up, and further promotes the recovery of aquatic vegetation structure; Be to implement biological control algae once more, get rid of the disturbing influence of algal grown aquatic plants growth; Implement the maintenance and management of the ecosystem at last, get into oneself's maintenance stage until the ecosystem.
(3) present technique is specially adapted to the ecosystem restoration in the local waters of middle-size and small-size or large-scale eutrophication water, can significantly improve water quality, improves landscape effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the connection state synoptic diagram of enclosure cloth, gabion and drill rod;
Fig. 2 is the enclosure structural representation;
Fig. 3 is an enclosure water body stereo ecological system schematic;
Among the figure, 1-lakebed hard layer; The 2-steel pipe; The 3-clasp; The 4-cable wire; 5-enclosure cloth; The 6-gabion; The 7-drill rod; The 8-steel rope sleeve; The 9-ecological floating island; The 10-emergent; The 11-floatingleaved plant; The 12-submerged plant; 13-lake surface; The 14-bank protection; 15-control algae fish.
Embodiment
Through specific embodiment the present invention is further described below, but protection content of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1:
Eutrophication zone with the coastal belt at certain lake ecological station is the trial plot, and area is 1140m altogether
2, be divided into two zones of A, B and make up enclosures with as testing repetition, enclosure area: A:588m
2And B:552m
2
(1) make up enclosure:
The rake that takes off with spacing 5cm waits instrument to carry out the foreign material salvaging in advance, thoroughly removes the foreign material of lakebed in the enclosure yet to be built.Adopting some diameters then is that 80mm, thickness are crossing the seamless GB steel pipe 2 of zinc and (also can adopting timber as spud pile as spud pile of 3-4mm; The quantity of steel pipe or timber is confirmed according to enclosure area yet to be built) it is every that (common 3～6 meters get final product at a distance from a segment distance; The spacing of steel pipe or timber is 3 meters in the present embodiment) insert in the lakebed hard layer 1; The degree of depth of inserting can be decided according to the depth of water, silt depth; At least 1 meter the degree of depth in the requirement insertion hard layer; And the top that makes steel pipe 2 is not less than the trestle height in waters to be repaired, and the top of all steel pipes 2 and middle part welding clasp 3 with cable wire 4 is connected to form Fence structure with the top of steel pipe 2 and middle part between laterally through clasp 3.Select waterproof and water tolerance be canvas more than 5 years as enclosure cloth 5, the connection between the enclosure cloth 5 can be with the stainless steel substrates stitching that interlocks.On enclosure cloth 5, establish several holes (also can adopt fixedly other modes such as clasp); Cable wire 4 passes the inboard that enclosure cloth 5 vertical holes are fixedly connected on enclosure cloth 5 steel pipe 2; The height of enclosure cloth 5 can be confirmed according to the depth of water and lineament; Make the trestle level in water height and A or the B zone of blocking of enclosure cloth 5, surround waters to be repaired.Like Fig. 1; The bottom of enclosure cloth 5 and gabion 6 are sewed up the every steel rope sleeve 8 at a distance from about 1.5 meters sheathed diameter 1cm in the left and right sides in back; The fore-telling type drill rod 7 of steel rope sleeve 8 about through diameter 1cm is fixed on the lakebed hard layer 1; Water body and the outer water body of enclosure in the enclosure are isolated fully, be built into enclosure A and enclosure B, the enclosure structure is seen Fig. 2.Gabion 6 preferably adopts the higher stone of hardness to process, and the diameter of gabion 6 is 8cm in the present embodiment.
(2) stereo ecological system constructing:
A. substrate transformation:
Remove the sharp object of waters substrate in the enclosure, by the consumption of 180～225 kg/ha white lime is sprayed the processing of cleaning up the pond after with water-dispersion with white lime then comprehensively.
B. lay waterplant by different level:
I. the height apart from lake surface 13 is lower than 1.5 meters lakebed offshore place employing sandbag or the bank protection under water 14 of mud bag or timber laying height 30～50cm, to accumulate some settlings, is used to make up the life condition of emergent 10 and floatingleaved plant 11.
Ii. the base transformation finished after 5～7 days; The enclosure water transparency improves a lot; According to enclosure water body offshore characteristics; Implement to lay by different level the waterplant kind: the depth of water is lower than 1.5 meters waters laying emergent 10 and floatingleaved plant 11, and submerged plant 12 is laid in the waters that the depth of water is 1.5～2 meters, and it is 60～100m that the waters of the depth of water more than 2 meters makes up area
2Ecological floating island 9, the total area of ecological floating island 9 accounts for 5%～10% of water surface area in the enclosure.The construction method of ecological floating island 9 is: select for use wood materials to make up circle or quadra; Framework tiltedly draws with the cable wire latch closure all around and is fixed in lakebed; Framework upper is hard foam fixedly, lays 9～12 holes that the aperture is 5～8cm for every square metre on the hard foam; Select the suitable plant of planting based on Various Seasonal, the plant of spring and summer plantation in season is clover or chrysanthemum, selects rye grass or sudangrass to change autumn and winter to be got into, and the root system of selected plant is planted in the hole, is built into ecological floating island.
Iii. waterplant is transplanted:
Connect root band earth to early April by the end of March in every year and transplant emergent 10, transplanting density is every square metre 2～3 strain; Annual mid or late April band root is transplanted floatingleaved plant 11, and transplanting density is every square metre 4～6 strain; Mid or late May in every year is transplanted submerged plant 12, and transplanting density is every square metre 5～8 strain.
C. biological control algae:
After waterplant is laid completion by different level, because eutrophication water nutrition load is high, therefore; At enclosure water body initial operating stage, the phenomenon that algae grows (especially blue-green algae is preponderated, even situations such as wawter bloom occur) appears easily; Throwing in 15 pairs of algae of control algae fish such as silver carp bighead of the long 3～5cm of body this period controls; Release time is annual late June, and quantity is every square metre 5～10 tail, and the input ratio of silver carp class and bighead class is 1: 1; Form enclosure water body stereo ecological system, its structure is seen Fig. 3.
(3) enclosure water body stereo ecological system running maintenance:
At enclosure water ecosystem run duration, periodic monitoring water body concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus changes; The upgrowth situation of periodic monitoring planktonic organism and waterplant, annual March～safeguard that waterplant, July carry out supplementary maintenance June; Dead plants and plant residue are cleared up or changed to the plant of regular maintenance ecological floating island 9, keeps the chinampa plant normal growth; Monitor the fish growth situation annual winter, carry out new and old replacement according to the fish growth situation to fish annual February～June; Maintenance service circulation to enclosure water body stereo ecological system is carried out, and gets into oneself's maintenance stage until it.In general, the enclosure ecosystem operation just can get into oneself's maintenance stage after 1～2 year.
With the above-mentioned trial plot of distance apart from the website I of about 200m as contrast.After 1 month and 2 months, enclosure A, enclosure B and website I are carried out WQM respectively, concrete monitoring data is seen table 1.In addition, through detecting, the chlorophyll a content of enclosure A and enclosure B is respectively 28.47 μ g/L and 27.54 μ g/L after 3 months, and the chlorophyll a of website I is 43.27 μ g/L.Can know by above result, in the trial plot water quality be improved significantly, water transparency significantly improves, nutrient concentrations also significantly reduces.
The inside and outside WQM result in table 1 trial plot
Claims (4)
1. the stereo ecological restorative procedure of a ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) making up enclosure isolates water body and the outer water body of enclosure in the enclosure:
Thoroughly remove the foreign material of the lakebed of enclosure yet to be built; Some spud piles are inserted in the lakebed hard layers, and the degree of depth of inserting in the hard layer is no less than 1 meter, and the top of spud pile is not less than the trestle height in waters to be repaired, and the top of all spud piles and middle part are connected to form Fence structure with cable wire between laterally; Select waterproof and the water-proof canvas of tool as enclosure cloth; Enclosure cloth is fixedly connected on the inboard of spud pile with cable wire; The trestle level of blocking water height and waters to be repaired of enclosure cloth; Make enclosure cloth surround waters to be repaired, the bottom of enclosure cloth is fixed on the lakebed hard layer through gabion, and water body and the outer water body of enclosure in the enclosure are isolated fully;
(2) stereo ecological system constructing:
A. substrate transformation:
Remove the sharp object of waters substrate in the enclosure, by the consumption of 180～225 kg/ha white lime is sprayed the processing of cleaning up the pond after with water-dispersion with white lime then comprehensively;
B. lay waterplant by different level:
I. be lower than 1.5 meters offshore place employing sandbag or the bank protection under water of timber laying height 30～50cm in the depth of water, be used to make up the life condition of emergent and floatingleaved plant;
Ii. substrate is transformed and is finished after 5～7 days; Implement to lay by different level the waterplant kind: the depth of water is lower than 1.5 meters waters laying emergent and floatingleaved plant; Submerged plant is laid in the waters that the depth of water is 1.5～2 meters, and it is 60～100m that the waters of the depth of water more than 2 meters makes up area
2Ecological floating island, the total area of ecological floating island accounts for 5%～10% of water surface area in the enclosure;
Iii. waterplant is transplanted:
Connect root band earth to early April by the end of March in every year and transplant emergent, transplanting density is every square metre 2～3 strain; Annual mid or late April band root is transplanted floatingleaved plant, and transplanting density is every square metre 4～6 strain; Mid or late May in every year is transplanted submerged plant, and transplanting density is every square metre 5～8 strain;
C. biological control algae:
After waterplant is laid completion by different level; Throw in the silver carp bighead class of the long 3～5cm of body algae is controlled, the release time is annual late June, and quantity is every square metre 5～10 tail; The input ratio of silver carp class and bighead class is 1: 1, forms enclosure water body stereo ecological system;
(3) enclosure water body stereo ecological system running maintenance:
At enclosure water ecosystem run duration, periodic monitoring water body concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus changes; The upgrowth situation of periodic monitoring planktonic organism and waterplant, annual March～safeguard that waterplant, July carry out supplementary maintenance June; Dead plants and plant residue are cleared up or changed to the plant of regular maintenance ecological floating island, keeps the chinampa plant normal growth; Monitor the fish growth situation annual winter, carry out new and old replacement according to the fish growth situation to fish annual February～June; Maintenance service circulation to enclosure water body stereo ecological system is carried out, and gets into oneself's maintenance stage until it.
2. the stereo ecological restorative procedure of ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: spud pile is steel pipe or timber described in the step (1); Wherein steel pipe is for crossing the seamless GB steel pipe of zinc, is spaced apart 3～6 meters between adjacent steel pipe or the timber; The water tolerance of canvas is more than 5 years; The inboard of spud pile is fixed with hook, and enclosure cloth is fixedly connected on cable wire on the fixed hook of inboard of steel pipe or timber.
3. the stereo ecological restorative procedure of ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake according to claim 1; The construction process that it is characterized in that ecological floating island described in the step (2) is: select for use wood materials to make up circle or quadra; Be fixed in lakebed with cable wire around the framework; Framework upper is fixed with hard foam, lays 9～12 holes that the aperture is 5～8cm for every square metre on the hard foam; Plant according to selecting to be fit to plantation season in the hole, is built into ecological floating island with plant cultivating.
4. the ecological restoring method of ultra nutrition-enriched water of lake according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the plant of spring and summer plantation in season is trifolium or chrysanthemum on the ecological floating island, autumn and winter season the plant of plantation be rye grass or arabian cron.
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