WO2021135403A1 - 天线、传动装置及切换机构 - Google Patents

天线、传动装置及切换机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135403A1
WO2021135403A1 PCT/CN2020/116094 CN2020116094W WO2021135403A1 WO 2021135403 A1 WO2021135403 A1 WO 2021135403A1 CN 2020116094 W CN2020116094 W CN 2020116094W WO 2021135403 A1 WO2021135403 A1 WO 2021135403A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
transmission
screw
switching mechanism
guide member
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PCT/CN2020/116094
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄潮生
段红彬
游建军
刘培涛
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京信通信技术(广州)有限公司
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Publication of WO2021135403A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135403A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to an antenna, a transmission device and a switching mechanism.
  • the control of the electric downtilt angle is mainly divided into two categories: built-in and external, of which built-in control is the current and future mainstream.
  • the motor used to drive the phase shifter in the traditional transmission device still corresponds to the transmission mechanism of the phase shifter one-to-one, the number of motors has not been reduced, and the number of drive circuits in the control module has not been reduced like the number of motors. If the frequency band of the antenna continues to increase, the structure of the transmission system will be more complicated and bulky, which will affect the reliability of the multi-frequency antenna.
  • the switching mechanism can reduce the number of power equipment and convert two powers into at least two powers for output.
  • the transmission device adopts the switching mechanism to simplify the transmission structure and improve the reliability of the multi-frequency antenna.
  • the antenna adopts the transmission device and has better reliability than the prior art.
  • the present application provides a switching mechanism, including a screw, an output gear, and a guide.
  • the screw is rotatably arranged, and the output gear is provided with an internal threaded hole that cooperates with the screw drive; when the guide is fixed relative to the screw, the guide Cooperate with the output gear guide; when the guide piece rotates relative to the screw, the guide piece can drive the output gear to rotate, so that the output gear and the screw can rotate in the same direction synchronously.
  • the corresponding parts are installed in the preset position of the equipment, and the output gear is used for power output or transmission.
  • the guide is fixed relative to the screw, and the guide is used as the guide structure of the output gear to rotate the screw ,
  • the output gear can be driven to move along the axis of the screw, so that the output gear meshes with the input gear of the phase shifter.
  • the guide member is rotated relative to the screw, and then the guide member and the screw are rotated at the same time, so that the output gear and the screw rotate in the same direction.
  • the output gear will not slide relative to the axis of the screw, but will rotate in the same direction with the screw and drive the input
  • the gears rotate to provide power for the movement of the media plate.
  • the switching mechanism can reduce the number of power equipment and convert two powers into at least two powers for output.
  • the switching mechanism further includes an installation unit, and the screw is rotatably arranged on the installation unit.
  • the guide is rotatably arranged on the mounting unit, the guide is sleeved on the screw, and the guide is slidably connected with the output gear.
  • the screw is provided with a first transmission end
  • the guide member is provided with a second transmission end that is offset from the first transmission end
  • the switching mechanism further includes a linkage member that can move relative to the mounting unit; when the linkage member is in the first position, the first transmission end can rotate, but the second transmission end cannot rotate; or One transmission end cannot rotate, and the second transmission end can rotate; when the linkage is in the second position, the linkage enables the first transmission end and the second transmission end to move synchronously and coaxially.
  • the first transmission end is a first transmission gear
  • the second transmission end is a second transmission gear.
  • the linkage is provided with an inner ring gear structure and an outer ring gear structure.
  • the inner ring gear structure can be connected to the first transmission gear.
  • the gear and the second transmission gear are meshed with each other, and the mounting unit is provided with a limiting member that is rotatable and matched with the outer ring gear structure.
  • the first transmission end is disposed at one end of the screw, and the second transmission end is disposed close to the other end of the screw.
  • the guide member is provided with a guide groove arranged along its length, and the output gear is provided with a conductor that is slidingly fitted with the guide groove.
  • the present application also provides a transmission device, including the switching mechanism in any of the above embodiments, and further including a first conversion mechanism, and the first conversion mechanism includes at least two first transmissions arranged along the length direction of the screw.
  • the first transmission shaft is rotatably installed on the mounting unit.
  • One end of the first transmission shaft is provided with a driven bevel gear;
  • the gear unit includes a driving bevel gear and a drive
  • the first driven gear rotated by the driving bevel gear, the driving bevel gear and the first driven gear can all be rotatably installed in the mounting unit, the driving bevel gear can drive the corresponding driven bevel gear to rotate, and the output gear can selectively drive the second A driven gear rotates.
  • the corresponding parts are installed on the mounting unit, at least two first transmission shafts are arranged along the length of the screw, and the output gear moves along the axis of the screw, which can be matched with the corresponding first follower according to adjustment needs.
  • the gears mesh.
  • the guide is fixed relative to the screw, and the guide is used as the guide structure of the output gear to rotate the screw , In turn, the output gear can be driven to move along the axial direction of the screw, so that the output gear meshes with the first driven gear.
  • the transmission device adopts the switching mechanism to simplify the transmission structure and improve the reliability of the antenna.
  • the present application also provides a transmission device, including the switching mechanism in any of the above embodiments, further including a second conversion mechanism, and further including a second conversion mechanism, the second conversion mechanism including the upper edge of the second transmission shaft
  • a transmission device including the switching mechanism in any of the above embodiments, further including a second conversion mechanism, and further including a second conversion mechanism, the second conversion mechanism including the upper edge of the second transmission shaft
  • At least two second transmission shafts are arranged at intervals on the outer circumference of the output gear.
  • the second transmission shaft is provided with a second driven gear meshing with the output gear, and the second driven gears are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw.
  • the corresponding parts are installed on the mounting unit, at least two second transmission shafts are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference of the output gear, and the second driven gear is arranged at intervals along the axis of the screw, and the output gear is arranged along the axis of the screw.
  • the axis of the screw moves and can be meshed with the corresponding second driven gear according to adjustment needs.
  • the guide is fixed relative to the screw, and the guide is used as the guide structure of the output gear to rotate the screw ,
  • the output gear can be driven to move along the axial direction of the screw, so that the output gear meshes with the second driven gear.
  • the guide member is rotated relative to the screw, and then the guide member and the screw are rotated at the same time, so that the output gear and the screw rotate in the same direction.
  • the output gear will not slide relative to the axis of the screw, but will rotate in the same direction synchronously with the screw, and drive the follower
  • the driving gear rotates, and the driven bevel gear is driven to rotate through the driving bevel gear, thereby driving the second transmission shaft to rotate, and the second transmission shaft is used to provide power for the movement of the media plate.
  • the transmission device adopts the switching mechanism to simplify the transmission structure and improve the reliability of the antenna.
  • the present application also provides an antenna, including the transmission device in any of the above embodiments.
  • the antenna adopts the transmission device and has better reliability than the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission device in an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission device in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first output mechanism shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of B shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the switching mechanism shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 (with the mounting unit hidden);
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the switching mechanism shown in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the switching mechanism shown in FIG. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of A shown in Fig. 1.
  • Switching mechanism 110. Mounting unit; 112. Limiting part; 120. Screw; 122. First transmission end; 130. Output gear; 132. Internal thread hole; 134. Conductor; 140. Guide; 142. Two transmission ends; 144, guide groove; 150, linkage; 152, inner ring gear structure; 154, outer ring gear structure; 200, first output mechanism; 210, first drive shaft; 220, driven bevel gear; 230 , Gear unit; 232, driving bevel gear; 234, the first driven gear; 202, the first introduction part; 300, the second output mechanism; 310, the second transmission shaft; 320, the second driven gear.
  • an element when an element is referred to as being “fixed to”, “installed on”, “fixed on” or “installed on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be a centered element. . When an element is considered to be “connected” to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or an intermediate element may be present at the same time. Further, when one element is regarded as a "transmission connection” and another element, the two can be fixed by a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection, and only need to be able to achieve power transmission, such as socket, clip, One-piece molding, fixing, welding, etc., can be realized in the prior art, and it will not be redundant here.
  • the downward tilt angle of the antenna is often adjusted by a phase shifter, and the actual adjustment process is to adjust the position of the dielectric plate in the phase shifter, that is, adjust the downward tilt angle by moving the dielectric plate.
  • the power of the existing power equipment such as motors, linear motors, and pneumatic cylinders can be output at different positions through the transmission device.
  • the present application provides a transmission device that can realize the power output of two power sources at different positions, and can continuously increase the output terminal as required, and is applied to a multi-frequency antenna, which can simplify The transmission system is conducive to the development of antenna miniaturization.
  • the transmission device of the present application will be introduced below.
  • a transmission device which includes a switching mechanism 100 and a first switching mechanism.
  • the switching mechanism 100 can convert two powers into multiple powers for output, and the first conversion mechanism can convert the power into power that can be conveniently provided to each phase shifter to provide power for the transmission mechanism of the phase shifter.
  • the switching mechanism 100 includes a mounting unit 110, a screw 120, an output gear 130, and a guide 140.
  • the screw 120 is rotatably arranged on the mounting unit 110, and the output gear 130 is helically driven with the screw 120.
  • the output gear 130 and the screw 120 can rotate synchronously and in the same direction.
  • the first conversion mechanism includes at least two first transmission shafts 210 arranged along the length direction of the screw 120, and a gear unit 230 corresponding to the first transmission shaft 210 one-to-one.
  • the transmission shaft 210 is rotatably installed on the mounting unit 110, one end of the first transmission shaft 210 is provided with a driven bevel gear 220;
  • the gear unit 230 includes a driving bevel gear 232 and a first driven gear for driving the driving bevel gear 232 to rotate 234.
  • Both the driving bevel gear 232 and the first driven gear 234 can be rotatably installed in the mounting unit 110.
  • the driving bevel gear 232 can drive the corresponding driven bevel gear 220 to rotate, and the output gear 130 can selectively drive the first driven gear.
  • the gear 234 rotates.
  • the corresponding parts are installed on the mounting unit 110, at least two first transmission shafts 210 are arranged along the length direction of the screw 120, and the output gear 130 moves along the axis of the screw 120, which can be adjusted according to the needs of adjustment.
  • the first driven gear 234 meshes.
  • the guide 140 is fixed relative to the mounting unit 110, and the guide 140 serves as the guide structure of the output gear 130
  • the screw 120 is rotated to drive the output gear 130 to move along the axis of the screw 120 (that is, the screw drives the nut to move along the length of the screw), so that the output gear 130 meshes with the first driven gear 234.
  • the transmission device adopts the switching mechanism 100 to simplify the transmission structure, so that the transmission mechanism of the phase shifter can be arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw 120, which is beneficial to improve the reliability of the antenna.
  • a transmission device which includes a switching mechanism 100 and a second switching mechanism.
  • the switching mechanism 100 can convert two powers into multiple powers for output, and the second conversion mechanism can convert the power into power that is convenient to provide to each phase shifter to provide power for the transmission mechanism of the phase shifter.
  • the switching mechanism 100 includes a mounting unit 110, a screw 120, an output gear 130, and a guide 140.
  • the screw 120 is rotatably arranged on the mounting unit 110, and the output gear 130 is provided with a screw drive in cooperation with the screw 120.
  • the second conversion mechanism includes at least two second transmission shafts 310 arranged on the second transmission shaft 310 at intervals along the outer circumference of the output gear 130, and the second transmission shaft 310 is provided with a second driven gear meshing with the output gear 130 320, the second driven gear 320 is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw 120.
  • the corresponding parts are installed on the mounting unit 110, at least two second transmission shafts 310 are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference of the output gear 130, and the second driven gears 320 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw 120 , And the output gear 130 moves along the axis of the screw 120, and can mesh with the corresponding second driven gear 320 according to adjustment needs.
  • the guide 140 is fixed relative to the mounting unit 110, and the guide 140 serves as the guide structure of the output gear 130
  • the screw 120 is rotated to drive the output gear 130 to move along the axial direction of the screw 120, so that the output gear 130 meshes with the second driven gear 320.
  • the guide 140 is rotated relative to the mounting unit 110, and then the guide 140 and the screw 120 are rotated at the same time, so that the output gear 130 and the screw 120 rotate in the same direction.
  • the output gear 130 does not slide relative to the axis of the screw 120, but follows the screw 120.
  • the transmission device adopts the switching mechanism 100 to simplify the transmission structure, so that the transmission mechanism of the phase shifter can be arranged at intervals along the outer circumference of the output gear 130, which is beneficial to improve the reliability of the antenna.
  • the “installation unit 110" may be any installation structure capable of realizing the installation of the above-mentioned components, such as a mounting bracket, a mounting seat, and a mounting shell.
  • relevant parts of the switching mechanism 100 are integrated into the installation unit 110, which facilitates modular assembly.
  • the relevant parts of the switching mechanism 100 can also be installed in a preset position of the device to realize the above-mentioned functions.
  • the aforementioned cooperation relationship between the driving bevel gear 232 and the driven bevel gear 220, and between the driving bevel gear 232 and the first driven gear 234 includes, but is not limited to, direct meshing transmission, and may also be indirect.
  • the meshing transmission that is, the use of other gears for power transmission.
  • the guide member 140 is fixed relative to the mounting unit 110 (that is, fixed relative to the screw 120)" and “the guide member 140 rotates relative to the mounting unit 110 (that is, relative to the screw 120)” is switched between two states, specific implementation At this time, it includes but is not limited to the rotating connection between the guide 140 and the mounting unit 110, and the locking structure (the locking structure includes mechanical locking and electronically controlled locking) is used to realize the fixation or rotation of the guide 140; or The guide 140 is rotatably connected with the mounting unit 110, and a power device is used to control the guide 140 to be fixed or rotated.
  • the first driven gear 234 is provided with first introduction portions 202 on both sides of the gear teeth, and two adjacent first introduction portions are provided. 202 cooperates to form a first introduction groove.
  • the first introduction slot 202 is used to form the first introduction groove, which facilitates the introduction of the gear teeth of the driven gear into the gear teeth of the output gear 130, so that the meshing between the two is smoother, the switching is smoother, and jamming can be avoided.
  • both sides of the gear teeth of the output gear 130 are provided with second introduction portions (not labeled), and two adjacent second introduction portions cooperate to form a second introduction slot (not labeled). It is beneficial for the gear teeth of the driven gear to be introduced into the gear teeth of the driving gear, so that the meshing between the two is smoother, the switching is smoother, and jamming can be avoided.
  • the first introduction portion 102 or the second introduction portion may be a rounded structure or an inverted taper structure.
  • the second driven gear 320 can also adopt the above-mentioned introduction part structure.
  • the guide member 140 is rotatably disposed on the mounting unit 110, the guide member 140 is sleeved on the screw 120, and the guide member 140 and The output gear 130 is slidably connected.
  • the guide 140, the screw 120 and the output gear 130 can be compactly installed on the mounting unit 110, which is beneficial to reduce the volume of the transmission device.
  • the rotation center line of the guide 140, the rotation center line of the screw 120 and the rotation center line of the output gear 130 are on the same straight line, so that the transmission accuracy between the three is higher.
  • the guide 140 can also be spaced apart from the screw 120, and directly or indirectly drive the output gear 130 to rotate, or be used as a guide structure for the output gear 130.
  • the guide member 140 is a gear, when the guide member 140 is not moving, it is the guide structure of the output gear 130; when the guide member 140 is movable, it can drive the output gear 130 and the screw 120 to rotate synchronously and in the same direction.
  • the screw 120 is provided with a first transmission end 122, and the guide member 140 is provided with a second transmission end 142 that is offset from the first transmission end 122.
  • the screw 120 can be driven to rotate by driving the first transmission end 122 to rotate, and the screw 120 can be driven to rotate by driving the second transmission end 142 to rotate, which facilitates the installation of power equipment on the mounting unit 110.
  • the specific structures of the first transmission end 122 and the second transmission end 142 can be set according to actual needs, such as non-cylindrical structures such as tooth-shaped structures and polygonal structures.
  • the switching mechanism 100 further includes a linkage 150, which can move relative to the mounting unit 110; when the linkage 150 is in the first position, the first The transmission end 122 can be rotated, but the second transmission end 142 cannot be rotated; or the first transmission end 122 can not be rotated, and the second transmission end 142 can be rotated; when the linkage 150 is in the second position, the first transmission end 142 can be rotated by the linkage 150.
  • the transmission end 122 and the second transmission end 142 can move synchronously and coaxially. In this way, the first power device driving linkage 150 can be used to switch between the first position and the second position, and the first transmission end 122 can be directly or indirectly driven by the second power device.
  • the linkage 150 is placed in the first position, and the guide 140 is fixed relative to the mounting unit 110.
  • the member 140 is used as a guide structure of the output gear 130 to rotate the screw 120, which in turn can drive the output gear 130 to move along the axial direction of the screw 120, so that the output gear 130 meshes with the input gear of the phase shifter.
  • the linkage 150 is in the second position, the guide 140 rotates relative to the mounting unit 110, and then the guide 140 and the screw 120 are rotated at the same time, so that the output gear 130 and the screw 120 rotate synchronously and coaxially, which improves the movement of the media plate. power.
  • the first power device may be an existing device that can provide telescopic power, such as a linear motor, a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, and the like.
  • the second power device may be an existing device that can provide rotation power, such as a servo motor, a rotary hydraulic cylinder, and the like.
  • the first transmission end 122 is a first transmission gear
  • the second transmission end 142 is a second transmission gear
  • the linkage 150 is provided with internal teeth
  • the inner ring gear structure 152 can mesh with the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear.
  • the mounting unit 110 is provided with a limiting member 112 that is rotatable and matched with the outer ring gear structure 154.
  • the inner ring gear structure 152 of the linkage 150 meshes with the second transmission gear, and at the same time, the outer ring gear structure 154 and the limiting member 112 are in rotation-stop cooperation, so that the second transmission end 142 Is fixed, the first transmission end 122 can rotate at this time, and the second transmission end 142 cannot rotate;
  • the linkage 150 is in the second position, the ring gear structure 152 is in phase with the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear at the same time.
  • the first transmission end 122 can drive the second transmission end 142 to rotate, forming a mechanical synchronization structure, so that the screw 120, the guide 140 and the output gear 130 can rotate synchronously.
  • the first transmission end 122 is disposed at one end of the screw 120, and the second transmission end 142 is disposed close to the other end of the screw 120.
  • one power device is used to drive the screw 120 to rotate, and another power device to drive the guide 140 to rotate.
  • the power device may be a servo motor.
  • the guide member 140 is provided with a guide groove 144 arranged along its length, and the output gear 130 is provided with a sliding fit with the guide groove 144 The conductor 134.
  • the cooperation of the conductor 134 and the guide groove 144 enables the output gear 130 and the guide 140 to slidably cooperate, and the guide 140 can drive the output gear 130 and the screw 120 to rotate in the same direction synchronously.
  • an antenna is provided, which includes the transmission device in any of the above embodiments. The antenna adopts the above-mentioned transmission device, simplifies the transmission system, and can adapt to the increase of the antenna frequency band, which is beneficial to improve the reliability of the working performance of the multi-frequency antenna.
  • the volume of the traditional transmission device will greatly increase.
  • the various frequency bands in the transmission device are distributed in a circular ring shape.
  • the frequency selection time of the transmission device will greatly increase, and problems such as slow response speed will also affect the reliability of the performance of the multi-frequency antenna.
  • the transmission device can realize the unitized design and production, which greatly improves the production efficiency and the reliability of the transmission system.
  • the structure of the transmission device is very compact, and can adapt to the increase of the antenna frequency band by expanding the driving gear and the transmission shaft, which will not cause the transmission structure to be too large or the transmission structure more complicated, and the overall rotation efficiency is basically unchanged, which is beneficial Improve the reliability of the working performance of the multi-frequency antenna.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种天线、传动装置及切换机构，切换机构，包括：螺杆、输出齿轮及导向件，，螺杆可转动设置，输出齿轮设有与螺杆螺旋传动配合的内螺纹孔；当导向件相对于螺杆固定时，导向件与输出齿轮导向配合；当导向件相对于螺杆转动时，导向件能够带动输出齿轮转动，使得输出齿轮与螺杆能够同步同向转动。该切换机构能够减少动力设备的数量，将两个动力转换成至少两个动力进行输出。该传动装置采用了该切换机构有利于简化传动结构，有利于提高多频天线的可靠性。该天线采用了该传动装置，与现有技术相比具有更好的可靠性。

Description

天线、传动装置及切换机构 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别是涉及一种天线、传动装置及切换机构。
背景技术
随着移动通信终端用户数量的不断增加，对移动蜂窝网络中站点的网络容量需求越来越大，同时要求不同站点之间甚至相同站点的不同扇区之间的干扰做到最小，即实现网络容量的最大化和干扰的最小化。要实现这一目的，通常采用调整站上天线波束下倾角的方式来实现。
在调整波束下倾角的两种方式机械下倾和电子下倾中，电子下倾优势明显，是当前的主流和未来的发展趋势。电下倾角的控制主要分内置和外置两大类，其中内置控制又是当前和未来的主流。
但是，传统的传动装置中用来驱动移相器的电机仍然与移相器的传动机构一一对应，电机数量没有减少，且控制模块中驱动电路与电机数一样没有减少。如天线的频段继续增加，会使得传动系统结构更加复杂且笨重，影响多频天线的可靠性。
发明内容
基于此，有必要提供一种天线、传动装置及切换机构。该切换机构能够减少动力设备的数量，将两个动力转换成至少两个动力进行输出。该传动装置采用了该切换机构有利于简化传动结构，有利于提高多频天线的可靠性。该天线采用了该传动装置，与现有技术相比具有更好的可靠性。
其技术方案如下：
一方面，本申请提供一种切换机构，包括螺杆、输出齿轮及导向件，螺杆可转动设置，输出齿轮设有与螺杆螺旋传动配合的内螺纹孔；当导向件相对于螺杆固定时，导向件与输出齿轮导向配合；当导向件相对于螺杆转动时，导向件能够带动输出齿轮转动，使得输出齿轮与螺杆能够同步同向转动。
上述切换机构使用时，将相应的零件安装到设备预设位置上，利用输出齿轮进行动力输出或传输。具体地，当需要调节某一移相器的介质板时，需要为该介质板的移动提供动力；此时使导向件相对于螺杆固定，该导向件作为输出齿轮的导向结构使用，使螺杆旋转，进而可以带动输出齿轮沿螺杆的轴线方向移动，使得该输出齿轮与该移相器的输入齿轮啮合。再使导向件相对于螺杆转动，然后同时旋转导向件及螺杆，使得输出齿轮与螺杆同步同向转动，输出齿轮不会相对于螺杆的轴线滑动，而随螺杆同步同向进行转动，并带动输入齿轮转动，为介质板的移动提供动力。该切换机构能够减少动力设备的数量，将两个动力转换成至少两个动力进行输出。
下面进一步对技术方案进行说明：
在其中一个实施例中，该切换机构还包括安装单元，螺杆转动设置于安装单元。
在其中一个实施例中，导向件可转动设置于安装单元，导向件套设于螺杆上，且导向件与输出齿轮滑动连接。
在其中一个实施例中，螺杆设有第一传动端，导向件设有与第一传动端错开的第二传动端。
在其中一个实施例中，该切换机构还包括联动件，联动件可相对于安装单元移动；当联动件处于第一位置时，第一传动端可以转动，第二传动端不可以 转动；或者第一传动端不可以转动，第二传动端可以转动；当联动件处于第二位置时，通过联动件使得第一传动端及第二传动端能够同步且同轴运动。
在其中一个实施例中，第一传动端为第一传动齿轮，第二传动端为第二传动齿轮，联动件设有内齿圈结构及外齿圈结构，内齿圈结构能够与第一传动齿轮及第二传动齿轮相啮合，安装单元设有与外齿圈结构止转配合的限位件。
在其中一个实施例中，第一传动端设置于螺杆的一端，第二传动端靠近螺杆的另一端设置。
在其中一个实施例中，导向件设有沿其长度方向设置的导槽，输出齿轮设有与导槽滑动配合的导体。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种传动装置，包括上述任一实施例中的切换机构，还包括第一转换机构，第一转换机构包括沿螺杆的长度方向设置的至少两根第一传动轴、以及与第一传动轴一一对应的齿轮单元，第一传动轴可转动安设于安装单元，第一传动轴的一端设有从动锥齿轮；齿轮单元包括主动锥齿轮及用于带动主动锥齿轮转动的第一从动齿轮，主动锥齿轮及第一从动齿轮均可转动安设于安装单元，主动锥齿轮能够带动对应的从动锥齿轮转动，输出齿轮可选择性地带动第一从动齿轮转动。
上述传动装置使用时，将相应的零件安装到安装单元上，至少两根第一传动轴沿螺杆的长度方向设置，而输出齿轮沿螺杆的轴线移动，能够根据调节需要与对应的第一从动齿轮相啮合。具体地，当需要调节某一移相器的介质板时，需要为该介质板的移动提供动力；此时使导向件相对于螺杆固定，该导向件作为输出齿轮的导向结构使用，使螺杆旋转，进而可以带动输出齿轮沿螺杆的轴线方向移动，使得该输出齿轮与第一从动齿轮啮合。再使导向件相对于螺杆转动，然后同时旋转导向件及螺杆，使得输出齿轮与螺杆同步同向转动，输出齿 轮不会相对于螺杆的轴线滑动，而随螺杆同步同向进行转动，并带动第一从动齿轮转动，并通过主动锥齿轮带动从动锥齿轮转动，进而带动第一传动轴转动，利用第一传动轴为介质板的移动提供动力。该传动装置采用了该切换机构有利于简化传动结构，有利于提高天线的可靠性。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种传动装置，包括上述任一实施例中的切换机构，还包括第二转换机构，还包括第二转换机构，第二转换机构包括第二传动轴上沿输出齿轮的外周向间隔设置的至少两根第二传动轴，第二传动轴上设有与输出齿轮相啮合的第二从动齿轮，第二从动齿轮沿螺杆的轴线方向间隔设置。
上述传动装置使用时，将相应的零件安装到安装单元上，至少两根第二传动轴沿输出齿轮的外周向间隔设置，且第二从动齿轮沿螺杆的轴线方向间隔设置，而输出齿轮沿螺杆的轴线移动，能够根据调节需要与对应的第二从动齿轮相啮合。具体地，当需要调节某一移相器的介质板时，需要为该介质板的移动提供动力；此时使导向件相对于螺杆固定，该导向件作为输出齿轮的导向结构使用，使螺杆旋转，进而可以带动输出齿轮沿螺杆的轴线方向移动，使得该输出齿轮与第二从动齿轮啮合。再使导向件相对于螺杆转动，然后同时旋转导向件及螺杆，使得输出齿轮与螺杆同步同向转动，输出齿轮不会相对于螺杆的轴线滑动，而随螺杆同步同向进行转动，并带动从动齿轮转动，并通过主动锥齿轮带动从动锥齿轮转动，进而带动第二传动轴转动，利用第二传动轴为介质板的移动提供动力。该传动装置采用了该切换机构有利于简化传动结构，有利于提高天线的可靠性。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种天线，包括上述任一实施例中的传动装置。
该天线采用了该传动装置，与现有技术相比具有更好的可靠性。
附图说明
图1为一实施例中的传动装置的结构示意图；
图2为一实施例中的传动装置的结构示意图；
图3为图1所示第一输出机构的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示的B的局部放大示意图；
图5为图1或图2所示切换机构的结构示意图(隐藏了安装单元)；
图6为图5所示的切换机构的正视示意图；
图7为图6所示的切换机构的半剖示意图；
图8为图1所示的A的局部放大示意图。
附图标记说明：
100、切换机构；110、安装单元；112、限位件；120、螺杆；122、第一传动端；130、输出齿轮；132、内螺纹孔；134、导体；140、导向件；142、第二传动端；144、导槽；150、联动件；152、内齿圈结构；154、外齿圈结构；200、第一输出机构；210、第一传动轴；220、从动锥齿轮；230、齿轮单元；232、主动锥齿轮；234、第一从动齿轮；202、第一导入部；300、第二输出机构；310、第二传动轴；320、第二从动齿轮。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及具体实施方式，对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明的保护范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”、“设置于”、“固设于”或“安设 于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。进一步地，当一个元件被认为是“传动连接”另一个元件，二者可以是可拆卸连接方式的固定，也可以不可拆卸连接的固定，能够实现动力传递即可，如套接、卡接、一体成型固定、焊接等，在现有技术中可以实现，在此不再累赘。当元件与另一个元件相互垂直或近似垂直是指二者的理想状态是垂直，但是因制造及装配的影响，可以存在一定的垂直误差。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本发明中涉及的“第一”、“第二”不代表具体的数量及顺序，仅仅是用于名称的区分。
天线的下倾角的调节，常依赖移相器来进行调节，且实际调节过程中是调节介质板在移相器内位置，即通过移动介质板来进行下倾角的调节。此时，就需要利用一些传动机构来实现介质板的移动；同时通过传动装置将电机、直线电机、气压缸等现有的动力设备的动力可以在不同位置上进行输出。
如图1至图2所示，本申请提供一种传动装置能实现两个动力源在不同位置的上进行动力输出，且可以根据需要不断地增加输出端，应用于多频天线中，能够简化了传动系统，有利于天线小型化发展。
下面对本申请的传动装置进行介绍。
如图1所示，一实施例中，提供一种传动装置，包括切换机构100及第一 转换机构。该切换机构100能够实现将两个动力转换成多个动力进行输出，该第一转换机构能够将动力转换成方便提供给各移相器的动力，为移相器的传动机构提供动力。
一并参见图5至图7所示，切换机构100包括安装单元110、螺杆120、输出齿轮130及导向件140，螺杆120转动设置于安装单元110上，输出齿轮130设有与螺杆120螺旋传动配合的内螺纹孔132；当导向件140相对于安装单元110(也即相对于螺杆120固定)固定时，导向件140与输出齿轮130导向配合；当导向件140相对于安装单元110(也即相对于螺杆120转动)转动时，使得输出齿轮130与螺杆120能够同步且同向转动。
一并参见图3至图4所示，第一转换机构包括沿螺杆120的长度方向设置的至少两根第一传动轴210、以及与第一传动轴210一一对应的齿轮单元230，第一传动轴210可转动安设于安装单元110，第一传动轴210的一端设有从动锥齿轮220；齿轮单元230包括主动锥齿轮232及用于带动主动锥齿轮232转动的第一从动齿轮234，主动锥齿轮232及第一从动齿轮234均可转动安设于安装单元110，主动锥齿轮232能够带动对应的从动锥齿轮220转动，输出齿轮130可选择性地带动第一从动齿轮234转动。
上述传动装置使用时，将相应的零件安装到安装单元110上，至少两根第一传动轴210沿螺杆120的长度方向设置，而输出齿轮130沿螺杆120的轴线移动，能够根据调节需要与对应的第一从动齿轮234相啮合。具体地，当需要调节某一移相器的介质板时，需要为该介质板的移动提供动力；此时使导向件140相对于安装单元110固定，该导向件140作为输出齿轮130的导向结构使用，使螺杆120旋转，进而可以带动输出齿轮130沿螺杆120的轴线方向移动(即丝杆带动丝母沿丝杆的长度方向移动)，使得该输出齿轮130与第一从动齿轮234 啮合。再使导向件140相对于安装单元110转动，然后同时旋转导向件140及螺杆120，使得输出齿轮130与螺杆120同步转动，输出齿轮130不会相对于螺杆120的轴线滑动，而随螺杆120同步且同向进行转动，并带动第一从动齿轮234转动，并通过主动锥齿轮232带动从动锥齿轮220转动，进而带动第一传动轴210转动，利用第一传动轴210为介质板的移动提供动力。该传动装置采用了该切换机构100有利于简化传动结构，使得移相器的传动机构沿螺杆120的轴线方向间隔设置即可，有利于提高天线的可靠性。
如图2所示，另一实施例中，提供一种传动装置，包括切换机构100及第二转换机构。该切换机构100能够实现将两个动力转换成多个动力进行输出，该第二转换机构能够将动力转换成方便提供给各移相器的动力，为移相器的传动机构提供动力。
一并参见5至图7所示，切换机构100包括安装单元110、螺杆120、输出齿轮130及导向件140，螺杆120转动设置于安装单元110上，输出齿轮130设有与螺杆120螺旋传动配合的内螺纹孔132；当导向件140相对于安装单元110(也即相对于螺杆120固定)固定时，导向件140与输出齿轮130导向配合；当导向件140相对于安装单元110(也即相对于螺杆120转动)转动时，使得输出齿轮130与螺杆120能够同步同向转动。
第二转换机构包括第二传动轴310上沿输出齿轮130的外周向间隔设置的至少两根第二传动轴310，第二传动轴310上设有与输出齿轮130相啮合的第二从动齿轮320，第二从动齿轮320沿螺杆120的轴线方向间隔设置。
上述传动装置使用时，将相应的零件安装到安装单元110上，至少两根第二传动轴310沿输出齿轮130的外周向间隔设置，且第二从动齿轮320沿螺杆120的轴线方向间隔设置，而输出齿轮130沿螺杆120的轴线移动，能够根据调 节需要与对应的第二从动齿轮320相啮合。具体地，当需要调节某一移相器的介质板时，需要为该介质板的移动提供动力；此时使导向件140相对于安装单元110固定，该导向件140作为输出齿轮130的导向结构使用，使螺杆120旋转，进而可以带动输出齿轮130沿螺杆120的轴线方向移动，使得该输出齿轮130与第二从动齿轮320啮合。再使导向件140相对于安装单元110转动，然后同时旋转导向件140及螺杆120，使得输出齿轮130与螺杆120同步同向转动，输出齿轮130不会相对于螺杆120的轴线滑动，而随螺杆120同步且同同向进行转动，并带动从动齿轮转动，并通过主动锥齿轮232带动从动锥齿轮220转动，进而带动第二传动轴310转动，利用第二传动轴310为介质板的移动提供动力。该传动装置采用了该切换机构100有利于简化传动结构，使得移相器的传动机构沿输出齿轮130的外周向间隔设置即可，有利于提高天线的可靠性。
需要说明的是，“安装单元110”可以是安装支架、安装座、安装壳等任意一种能够实现上述零件的安装的安装结构。
此外，本实施例中，切换机构100的相关零件集成到安装单元110上，便于模块化组装。而在其他实施例中，该切换机构100的相关零件也可以安装到设备的预设位置上，实现上述功能。
需要说明的是，上述提到的主动锥齿轮232与从动锥齿轮220之间、以及主动锥齿轮232与第一从动齿轮234的配合关系包括但不仅限于直接的啮合传动，也可以是间接的啮合传动，即利用其他齿轮进行动力传递。
此外，“导向件140相对于安装单元110固定(也即相对于螺杆120固定)”及“导向件140相对于安装单元110转动(也即相对于螺杆120转动)”两种状态切换，具体实施时，包括但不仅限于导向件140与安装单元110转动连接，并利用锁紧结构(该锁紧结构包括机械式锁紧，也包括电控式锁紧)实现导向 件140的固定或转动；或者导向件140与安装单元110可转动连接，并利用动力设备来控制导向件140固定或转动。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，如图4所示，一实施例中，第一从动齿轮234的轮齿的两侧均设有第一导入部202，相邻两个第一导入部202相配合形成第一导入槽。如此，利用第一导入部202形成第一导入槽，便于从动齿轮的轮齿导入输出齿轮130的轮齿中，使得二者的啮合更加顺畅，切换更加流畅，可以避免卡死现象。
同理，一实施例中，输出齿轮130的轮齿的两侧均设有第二导入部(未标注)，相邻两个第二导入部相配合形成第二导入槽(未标注)。有利于从动齿轮的轮齿导入主动齿轮的轮齿中，使得二者的啮合更加顺畅，切换更加流畅，可以避免卡死现象。
上述第一导入部102或第二导入部可为倒圆角结构或倒锥角结构。
同理，第二从动齿轮320亦可采用上述的导入部结构。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，如图1或图2所示，一实施例中，导向件140可转动设置于安装单元110，导向件140套设于螺杆120上，且导向件140与输出齿轮130滑动连接。如此，可以使得导向件140、螺杆120及输出齿轮130紧凑的安装在安装单元110上，有利于减小传动装置的体积。
具体地，导向件140的转动中心线、螺杆120的转动中心线及输出齿轮130的转动中心线在同一直线上，使得三者之间的传动精度更高。
当然了，在其他实施例中，导向件140也可以与螺杆120间隔设置，并直接或间接地带动输出齿轮130转动，或做为输出齿轮130的导向结构使用。如导向件140为齿轮，当导向件140不动时，为输出齿轮130的导向结构；当导向件140可以动时，能够带动输出齿轮130与螺杆120同步同向转动。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，如图8所示，一实施例中，螺杆120设有第一传动端122，导向件140设有与第一传动端122错开的第二传动端142。如此，可以通过驱动第一传动端122转动来带动螺杆120转动，通过驱动第二传动端142转动来带动螺杆120转动，便于在安装单元110上设置动力设备。
第一传动端122及第二传动端142的具体结构可以根据实际需要进行设置，如齿形结构、多边形结构等非圆柱形结构。
进一步地，如图7及图8所示，一实施例中，该切换机构100还包括联动件150，联动件150可相对于安装单元110移动；当联动件150处于第一位置时，第一传动端122可以转动，第二传动端142不可以转动；或第一传动端122不可以转动，第二传动端142可以转动；当联动件150处于第二位置时，通过联动件150使得第一传动端122及第二传动端142能够同步且同轴运动。如此，可以通过第一动力设备驱动联动件150在第一位置及第二位置之间进行切换，利用第二动力设备直接或间接带动第一传动端122。具体地，当需要调节某一移相器的介质板时，需要为该介质板的移动提供动力；此时使联动件150处于第一位置，使导向件140相对于安装单元110固定，该导向件140作为输出齿轮130的导向结构使用，使螺杆120旋转，进而可以带动输出齿轮130沿螺杆120的轴线方向移动，使得该输出齿轮130与该移相器的输入齿轮啮合。再使联动件150处于第二位置，导向件140相对于安装单元110转动，然后同时旋转导向件140及螺杆120，使得输出齿轮130与螺杆120同步且同轴转动，为该介质板的移动提高动力。
该第一动力设备可以为能够提供伸缩动力的现有设备，如直线电机、气压缸、液压缸等。第二动力设备可以为能够提供旋转动力的现有设备，如伺服电机，旋转液压缸等。更进一步地，如图1、图5及图8所示，一实施例中，第一 传动端122为第一传动齿轮，第二传动端142为第二传动齿轮，联动件150设有内齿圈结构152及外齿圈结构154，内齿圈结构152能够与第一传动齿轮及第二传动齿轮相啮合，安装单元110设有与外齿圈结构154止转配合的限位件112。如此，当联动件150处于第一位置时，联动件150的内齿圈结构152与第二传动齿轮相啮合，同时外齿圈结构154与限位件112止转配合，使得第二传动端142被固定住，此时第一传动端122可以转动，第二传动端142不可以转动；当联动件150处于第二位置时，内齿圈结构152同时与第一传动齿轮及第二传动齿轮相啮合，此时第一传动端122可以带动第二传动端142转动，形成机械同步结构，使得螺杆120与导向件140及输出齿轮130之间的同步转动。
另一实施例中，第一传动端122设置于螺杆120的一端，第二传动端142靠近螺杆120的另一端设置。如此，利用一个动力设备来驱动螺杆120转动，另一个动力设备来驱动导向件140转动，该动力设备可为伺服电机。
在上述任一实施例的基础上，如图5至图7所示，一实施例中，导向件140设有沿其长度方向设置的导槽144，输出齿轮130设有与导槽144滑动配合的导体134。如此，利用导体134与导槽144的配合使得，输出齿轮130与导向件140滑动配合，且能够通过导向件140带动输出齿轮130与螺杆120能够同步同向转动。一实施例中，提供一种天线，包括上述任一实施例中的传动装置。该天线采用了上述传动装置，简化了传动系统，且能够适应天线频段的增加，有利于提高多频天线的工作性能的可靠性。
目前对于超多频段天线，随着频段的增多，比如大于8频以后，传统的传动装置的体积将会大大的增加，比如传动装置中各个频段为圆环性分布，频段越多直径越大，而且随着频段的增加，传动装置选频的时间也会大大增加，响应速度慢等问题，也影响多频天线工作性能的可靠性。
与现有技术相比，本申请具备如下优点和有益效果：
1、可以只用两个动力源即可控制至少两个天线电下倾角的调整，应用于多频天线中，能够大大降低成本。
2、传动装置可实现单元化设计和生产，大大提高生产效率，提高传动系统可靠性。
3、传动装置的结构非常紧凑，且能够适应天线频段的增加而扩展主动齿轮及传动轴即可，不会导致传动结构的体积过大或传动结构更复杂，整体转动效率基本不变，有利于提高多频天线的工作性能的可靠性。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种切换机构，其特征在于，包括：
    螺杆，所述螺杆可转动设置；
    输出齿轮，所述输出齿轮设有与所述螺杆螺旋传动配合的内螺纹孔；及
    导向件，当所述导向件相对于所述螺杆固定时，所述导向件与所述输出齿轮导向配合；当所述导向件相对于所述螺杆转动时，所述导向件能够带动所述输出齿轮转动，使得所述输出齿轮与所述螺杆能够同步同向转动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的切换机构，其特征在于，还包括安装单元，所述螺杆转动设置于所述安装单元。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的切换机构，其特征在于，所述导向件可转动设置于所述安装单元，所述导向件套设于所述螺杆上，且所述导向件与所述输出齿轮滑动连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的切换机构，其特征在于，所述螺杆设有第一传动端，所述导向件设有与所述第一传动端错开的第二传动端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的切换机构，其特征在于，还包括联动件，所述联动件可相对于所述安装单元移动，所述螺杆设有贯穿所述第二传动端设置的连接体，所述连接体的一端与所述第一传动端传动连接；当所述联动件处于第一位置时，所述第一传动端可以转动，所述第二传动端不可以转动；或者所述第一传动端不可以转动，所述第二传动端可以转动；当所述联动件处于第二位置时，通过所述联动件使得所述第一传动端及所述第二传动端能够同步且同轴运动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的切换机构，其特征在于，所述第一传动端为第一传动齿轮，所述第二传动端为第二传动齿轮，所述联动件设有内齿圈结构及外齿圈结构，所述内齿圈结构能够与所述第一传动齿轮及所述第二传动齿轮相啮 合，所述安装单元设有与所述外齿圈结构止转配合的限位件。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的切换机构，其特征在于，所述第一传动端设置于所述螺杆的一端，所述第二传动端靠近所述螺杆的另一端设置。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的切换机构，其特征在于，所述导向件设有沿其长度方向设置的导槽，所述输出齿轮设有与所述导槽滑动配合的导体。
  9. 一种传动装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求2至8任一项所述的切换机构，还包括第一转换机构，所述第一转换机构包括沿所述螺杆的长度方向设置的至少两根第一传动轴、以及与所述第一传动轴一一对应的齿轮单元，所述第一传动轴可转动安设于所述安装单元，所述第一传动轴的一端设有从动锥齿轮；所述齿轮单元包括主动锥齿轮及用于带动所述主动锥齿轮转动的第一从动齿轮，所述主动锥齿轮及所述第一从动齿轮均可转动安设于所述安装单元，所述主动锥齿轮能够带动对应的从动锥齿轮转动，所述输出齿轮可选择性地带动所述第一从动齿轮转动。
  10. 一种传动装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求2至8任一项所述的切换机构，还包括第二转换机构，所述第二转换机构包括所述第二传动轴上沿所述输出齿轮的外周向间隔设置的至少两根第二传动轴，所述第二传动轴上设有与所述输出齿轮相啮合的第二从动齿轮，所述第二从动齿轮沿所述螺杆的轴线方向间隔设置。
  11. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括如权利要求9或10所述的传动装置。
PCT/CN2020/116094 2019-12-31 2020-09-18 天线、传动装置及切换机构 WO2021135403A1 (zh)

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CN112864623B (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-08-19 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 多频天线及其选频调相装置
CN112886250B (zh) * 2021-01-04 2022-07-19 武汉虹信科技发展有限责任公司 一种换挡式电调天线传动装置及基站天线
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