WO2021132216A1 - 電動歩行補助車 - Google Patents
電動歩行補助車 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021132216A1 WO2021132216A1 PCT/JP2020/047867 JP2020047867W WO2021132216A1 WO 2021132216 A1 WO2021132216 A1 WO 2021132216A1 JP 2020047867 W JP2020047867 W JP 2020047867W WO 2021132216 A1 WO2021132216 A1 WO 2021132216A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power storage
- electric walking
- power
- brake
- control device
- Prior art date
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric walking assist vehicle.
- an electric walking assist vehicle is known to assist the walking of an elderly person or a person with weak leg strength (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the electric walking assist vehicle is used together with a pedestrian (user) when walking.
- Some electric walking aids use the torque brakes of the motor to keep the vehicle and the user from being too far apart.
- the battery power may be exhausted during use due to forgetting to charge the battery, and proper operation may not be possible. Therefore, improvement of this problem is desired.
- one aspect of the present invention is a wheel provided on a vehicle body, a power generation mechanism that generates regenerative power according to the rotation of the wheel, and the wheel by the regenerative power generated by the power generation mechanism. It is an electric walking assist vehicle that includes a control device that controls a brake that applies braking force to the wheel.
- FIG. 4A shows a high resistance running state
- FIG. 4B shows an uphill running state
- FIG. 4C shows a one-sided inclined running state
- FIG. 4D shows an extremely low speed running state. Shown.
- the relationship between braking force and running speed is shown.
- FIG. 6A shows the relationship between the brake ratio and the duty ratio of the first embodiment
- FIG. 6B shows the relationship between the brake ratio and the duty ratio of the second embodiment.
- the relationship between the ratio of the power supply connection resistance to the resistance of the motor generator and the ratio of the amount of increase in current to the amount of increase in regenerative voltage will be illustrated.
- the circuit configuration of the walking assist vehicle of the third embodiment is shown.
- the method of electricity storage in the electricity storage device is shown.
- Another example of the circuit configuration of the walking assist vehicle of the third embodiment is shown.
- the circuit configuration of the walking assist vehicle of the fourth embodiment is shown.
- the circuit configuration of the walking assist vehicle of the fifth embodiment is shown.
- the circuit configuration of the walking assist vehicle of the sixth embodiment is shown.
- the electric walking assist vehicle of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the same configurations will be designated by the same reference numerals, and repeated description of them will be omitted.
- the electric walking assist vehicle for example, a walking assist vehicle that assists the elderly in walking will be illustrated.
- the electric walking assist vehicle at least any walking assist vehicle whose brake is controlled by electric power can be adopted.
- the walking assist vehicle is driven by rotating the wheels using a force input or applied to the vehicle as a main driving source, such as by being pushed by the user.
- Examples of such a walking assistance vehicle include a wheelchair, a silver car, a stroller, and a trolley for transporting a load in addition to the walking assistance vehicle.
- the term “brake” refers to a mechanical brake that causes a friction element such as a brake shoe to come into contact with a wheel or axle by the user's intentional operation to reduce the rotation speed of the wheel, and the user's intentional brake. It includes an electric brake that reduces the rotation speed of the wheel by recovering the kinetic energy generated by the rotation of the wheel by electric control regardless of the operation.
- the electric brake also includes a brake that rotationally drives the motor in a direction opposite to the normal driving direction to reduce the number of rotations of the wheels.
- the term “electric walking assist vehicle” means a walking assist vehicle equipped with at least an electric brake. Therefore, even if the electric brake is the only element controlled by electricity in the entire walking assist vehicle, it is included in the electric walking assist vehicle.
- the "forward direction” means the forward direction in the normal use state of the walking assistance vehicle.
- the "pitch angle” means an angle around an axis (pitch axis) extending in the vehicle width direction.
- the "roll angle” means an angle around an axis (roll axis) extending in the front-rear direction of the walking assistance vehicle.
- the "yaw angle” means an angle around an axis (yaw axis) extending in the vertical direction of the vehicle.
- the “road surface inclination angle” means the inclination angle of the traveling surface of the walking assistance vehicle.
- the inclination angle of the road surface is estimated to be the same as the inclination angle of the walking assistance vehicle, and is indicated by the angle around the pitch axis or the roll axis, or the combination of the angles around the pitch axis and the roll axis.
- the walking assistance vehicle 100 includes a main body frame 11 of the vehicle body, a pair of front wheels 12 and a pair of rear wheels 13 provided on the main body frame 11 of the vehicle body. And a support pad (body support portion) 14 provided on the main body frame 11.
- the walking assist vehicle 100 assists the walking of an elderly person or a person with weak leg strength.
- the user puts his forearm or elbow on the support pad 14, and with the weight (load) applied to the support pad 14, the handlebar 15 while grasping the handlebar 15 and the brake lever 16.
- the main body frame 11 includes a pair of support frames 21 that are inclined by a predetermined angle from a direction perpendicular to the installation surface of the walking assistance vehicle 100.
- the support frame 21 is composed of a pipe-shaped member as an example.
- a pair of lower frames 51 are horizontally arranged on the lower end side of the support frame 21.
- a pair of front wheels 12 are attached to the front end side of the lower frame 51.
- a pair of link mechanisms 55 are provided on the rear end side of the lower frame 51.
- a pair of upper frames 54 are provided above the pair of lower frames 51.
- One end side of a pair of rear wheel frames 57 is rotatably coupled to the rear end side of the upper frame 54 via a shaft 56.
- a pair of rear wheels 13 are provided on the other end side of the rear wheel frame 57, respectively.
- a pair of handles 24 are provided at the upper ends of the pair of support frames 21.
- the pair of handles 24 are provided substantially horizontally with respect to the installation surface of the walking assistance vehicle 100.
- the pair of handles 24 are formed of a pipe-shaped member as an example.
- Each of the pair of handles 24 is provided with a grip portion 23 (see FIG. 2) that the user grips to stabilize the posture when seated.
- a pipe-shaped handle bar 15 integrated with the handles 24 is formed on the front side of the pair of handles 24 .
- One end of the handlebar 15 is coupled to one of the pair of handles 24, and the other end of the handlebar 15 is coupled to the other handle 24.
- the handlebar 15 may be formed of a member different from the handle 24.
- a pair of mechanically contactable brake shoes 25 are provided on the outer circumference of the pair of rear wheels 13.
- the brake shoe 25 is connected to one end of a brake wire (not shown) arranged in the main body frame 11.
- the other end of the wire is connected to a wire connection mechanism of a pair of brake units 61 provided on both sides of the handlebar 15.
- the wire is stored in the main body frame 11, by arranging the wire outside the main body frame, the wire may be configured to be visible to the user in appearance.
- the brake lever 16 is arranged in the front lower direction of the handlebar 15 so as to face the handlebar 15. Both ends of the brake lever 16 are connected to a pair of brake units 61. Both ends of the brake lever 16 are attached to the brake unit 61 via an urging means such as a winding spring. The user can apply the mechanical brake by the wire action by pulling the brake lever 16 toward the front (in the direction of the arrow RA in FIG. 2). That is, the brake shoe 25 is controlled by operating the brake lever 16.
- the user pulls the brake lever 16 toward the front side (in the direction closer to the handlebar 15) to the brake operating position.
- the action of the wire connected to the brake lever 16 causes the brake shoe 25 to move and press the outer circumference of the rear wheel 13.
- the brake lever 16 returns to the original position (normal position).
- the brake shoe 25 is also separated from the rear wheel 13 and the mechanical brake is released.
- the brake lever 16 can be lowered in the opposite direction (lower side) of the arrow RA.
- a support pad 14 which is a body support portion is mounted on a pair of handles 24. In this embodiment, the user's forearms, elbows, or both are supported.
- the shape of the support pad 14 is a horseshoe shape, a U-shaped straight line shape, or the like.
- the support pad 14 is formed by placing a cushioning material such as a sponge or a rubber material on a plate material such as a wooden board or a resin board and covering it with an arbitrary covering material made of resin or cloth.
- the support pad 14 may be composed of only a plate material.
- One end of a pair of arm members 26 is fixed to both left and right sides of the lower surface of the support pad 14.
- the other end of the arm member 26 is rotatably attached to the outside of the pair of handlebars 15.
- the support pad 14 rotates in the direction of the arrow RB in FIG. 2 and is fixed at a predetermined position (evacuation position) (see the virtual line in FIG. 2). ).
- a space for accommodating the upper body of the user is secured on the seat portion 37. In this state, the user can sit on the seat portion 37 with the support pad 14 on the back side while grasping the pair of grip portions 23 with both hands. By grasping the grip portion 23, the user can stabilize his / her posture when sitting.
- the support pad 14 prevents the user from sitting on the seat portion 37 of the walking assistance vehicle at the position before being pushed up (normal position), and the seat is at the position after being pushed up (evacuation position). Allows the user to sit in the section 37.
- a lock mechanism (not shown) is provided, and the support pad 14 is automatically pushed up by releasing the fixing by the lock mechanism. May be good.
- an electric mechanism (motor or the like) for rotating the arm member 26 may be provided, the electric mechanism may be operated by activating the switch, and the support pad 14 may be pushed up.
- a storage portion 27 (see FIG. 2) made of resin or cloth is provided so as to be suspended between the pair of upper frames 54.
- the accommodating portion 27 has a bag shape with an open upper part and accommodates a load.
- the seat portion 37 for seating also functions as a lid portion of the accommodating portion 27.
- a lever 28 extending downward from the pair of upper frames 54 is provided.
- the lever 28 is arranged at a position where the user can step on it with his / her legs.
- the link mechanism 55 is folded so that the pair of rear wheel frames 57 and the pair of rear wheels 13 approach the pair of front wheels 12, and the entire walking assistance vehicle 100 is folded.
- the walking auxiliary vehicle 100 of FIG. 3 includes a motor generator 101, a power storage device 102, a PWM control switching element (hereinafter, PWM control SW element) 103, a sensor unit 104, and a control device 105. including. These are housed in one housing and are integrally provided with the rear wheel 13 to be controlled. In this case, a housing containing these may be attached to each of the pair of rear wheels 13.
- PWM control SW element PWM control switching element
- the motor generator 101 is connected to the axle of the rear wheel 13 and functions as an electric brake that suppresses the rotation speed of the rear wheel 13.
- the motor generator 101 recovers the kinetic energy generated by the rotation of the rear wheels 13 and stores it in the power storage device 102. Therefore, the motor generator 101 functions as a regenerative brake or a dynamic brake.
- a servo motor, a stepping motor, an AC motor, a DC motor and the like can be used.
- the motor generator 101 may be connected to the front wheels 12 or may be connected to both the front wheels 12 and the rear wheels 13.
- the motor generator 101 of this embodiment is an example of a power generation mechanism.
- the power storage device 102 is electrically connected to the motor generator 101, receives the regenerative power generated by the motor generator 101, and is charged. Regenerative power is generated when the user is actively moving the electric walking assist vehicle.
- the power storage device 102 is electrically connected to the control device 105 to supply electric power to the control device 105.
- the electric power for driving each hardware is supplied from the power storage device 102.
- a battery such as a capacitor or a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery is used as the power storage device 102 can be charged using only the regenerative power or an external power source in addition to the regenerative power.
- the PWM control SW element 103 is a field effect transistor (FET) that switches the circuit state between short-circuiting and opening of the motor generator 101.
- the PWM control SW element 103 is connected to the first terminal 101A and the second terminal 101B of the motor generator 101.
- the PWM control SW element 103 is PWM controlled by the control device 105. Details will be described later.
- the sensor unit 104 includes a single sensor or a plurality of sensors, and transmits the detection result of each sensor to the control device 105.
- the sensor unit 104 includes an angular velocity sensor 111 that detects the angular velocity of the vehicle around the pitch axis, the roll axis, and the yaw axis, and an acceleration sensor 113 that detects the acceleration of the walking assistance vehicle around the pitch axis, the roll axis, and the yaw axis.
- a speed sensor 115 for detecting the rotation speed and rotation direction of the rear wheels, and an angle sensor 117 for detecting the pitch angle, roll angle, and yaw angle of the walking assistance vehicle 100 are provided.
- a 6-axis inertial sensor in which they are combined may be used.
- a 4-axis inertial sensor capable of detecting at least the angular velocity and acceleration around the pitch axis and the roll axis may be used.
- a Hall element may be used as the speed sensor 115, or the speed may be calculated from the back electromotive force of the motor generator 101.
- a geomagnetic sensor may be used instead of the acceleration sensor. The detection results of these sensors are transmitted to the control device 105 as signals by a wired method or a wireless method.
- the sensor unit 104 may include a tilt sensor that detects the pitch axis or the tilt angle with respect to the horizontal plane around the pitch axis.
- a sensor capable of detecting the angular velocity around the pitch axis and the acceleration in the roll axis direction may be used.
- the history of the detection value of the acceleration sensor 113 or the change with time may be used to detect the inclination angle or the presence / absence of the inclination with respect to the horizontal plane, and in this case, the inclination sensor is unnecessary.
- the detection value of the acceleration sensor 113 may be integrated to detect the speed, and in this case, the speed sensor 115 is unnecessary. Further, the acceleration in the front-rear direction may be calculated by differentiating the detection value of the speed sensor 115 without providing the acceleration sensor 113 for detecting the acceleration in the front-rear direction. As described above, the acquisition of the speed and the acceleration can be realized by using any one of the acceleration sensor 113 and the speed sensor 115.
- the control device 105 controls the brake that applies the braking force to the rear wheels by controlling the motor generator 101 using the regenerative power.
- the control device 105 operates by the regenerative power generated in the motor generator 101 by the running of the walking auxiliary vehicle 100.
- the control device 105 is connected in parallel with the power storage device 102.
- the control device 105 is composed of hardware such as a processor that performs arithmetic processing such as an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), a memory that stores information and instructions, and a temporary memory that is used for arithmetic operations by the processor.
- the control device 105 controls the braking force of the brake by the motor generator 101 by using the detection results obtained from each sensor. For example, the control device 105 controls the braking force by calculating the magnitude of the braking force and PWM-controlling the PWM control SW element 103 to generate the braking force.
- the control device 105 includes a traveling state estimation unit 121 and a brake control unit 123.
- the traveling state estimation unit 121 estimates the traveling state of the walking assistance vehicle 100. Examples of the estimated running state are shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D. As shown in FIG. 4A, the traveling state estimation unit 121 has a road (for example, a lawn) in which the traveling resistance is larger than a predetermined resistance threshold based on the detection result of the vertical acceleration during traveling by the acceleration sensor 111. , Gravel road, etc.), it is estimated whether or not the walking assist vehicle 100 is traveling (hereinafter, “high resistance traveling state”). As shown in FIGS.
- the traveling state estimation unit 121 is traveling on an uphill road or a one-sloping road based on the detection result of the angle sensor 115. It is estimated whether or not the vehicle is in a state (hereinafter, "uphill running state” and “one-sided slope running state", respectively).
- the “one-sided inclined road” means a road inclined in the left-right direction of the walking assistance vehicle.
- the traveling state estimation unit 121 has a traveling state (for example, see FIG. 5) in which the traveling speed of the walking assist vehicle 100 is equal to or less than a predetermined lower limit speed (see, for example, FIG.
- the traveling state estimation unit 121 may image the traveling road surface and analyze the captured image to estimate the traveling state.
- the walking assist vehicle 100 of FIG. 3 includes a power supply connection resistor R1 and first and second diodes D1 and D2.
- the power supply connection resistor R1 is connected in series to the motor generator 101 and the power storage device 102.
- the power supply connection resistor R1 is arranged between the off-side terminal of the PWM control SW element 103 and the power storage device 102.
- the resistance value of the power supply connection resistor R1 affects the current supplied to the motor generator 101. For example, when the resistance value of the power supply connection resistor R1 is relatively large, a relatively small current flows through the motor generator 101, and when the resistance value of the power supply connection resistor R1 is relatively small, the motor generator 101 is relatively large. Current flows. Therefore, the braking force of the motor generator 101 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the power connection resistor R1.
- the power supply connection resistor R1 a resistor smaller than the resistance of the motor generator 101 is used as the power supply connection resistor R1.
- the power connection resistance R1 is 0.1 [ ⁇ ] with respect to the resistance 0.32 [ ⁇ ] of the motor generator 101.
- the power supply connection resistor R1 may be arranged between the power storage device 102 and the second terminal 101B of the motor generator 101.
- the first and second diodes D1 and D2 pass a current in the direction from the first terminal 101A to the second terminal 101B of the motor generator 101.
- the first diode D1 is arranged between the off-side terminal of the PWM control SW element 103 and the power supply connection resistor R1.
- the second diode D2 is arranged between the power storage device 102 and the second terminal 101B of the motor generator 101. Any one of the first and second diodes D1 and D2 may be used.
- control process by the control device 105 will be described.
- the operation mainly performed by the control device 105 is realized by the processor referring to the instructions and information stored in the memory and executing the operation on the temporary memory.
- the brake control unit 123 controls the braking force of the regenerative brake by the motor generator 101 by the PWM control of the PWM control SW element 103.
- the PWM control SW element 103 is on / off controlled by the brake control unit 123.
- the brake control unit 123 outputs a control signal for on / off control of the PWM control SW element 103 to the PWM control SW element 103.
- This control signal defines the duty ratio of the PWM control SW element 103.
- the duty ratio refers to the ratio of the on-time of the PWM control SW element 103 to the pulse period.
- the motor generator 101 rotates according to the rotation of the wheels (rear wheels 13), and a counter electromotive force is generated in the motor generator 101.
- the PWM control SW element 103 is off, the motor generator 101 is connected to the power storage device 102, and the electromotive force (regenerative power) generated in the motor generator 101 stores the power storage device 102.
- the PWM control SW element 103 is on, the motor generator 101 is short-circuited. At the time of a short circuit, a current proportional to the electromotive force and inversely proportional to the resistance of the motor generator 101 flows through the motor generator 101, so that a braking torque proportional to the current is generated.
- the larger the duty ratio the larger the current supplied to the motor generator 101, and the larger the brake torque. Since the brake torque is an average weighted by the duty ratio of the brake torque when it is on and when it is off, the brake torque increases as the duty ratio increases.
- the brake control unit 123 operates the first regenerative brake so as to suppress the traveling speed to a predetermined traveling speed. .. This enables traveling at a constant speed.
- the brake control unit 123 acquires the detected value of the speed sensor 115 and monitors the detected value.
- the motor generator 101 When the first regenerative brake is activated, for example, the motor generator 101 generates a braking force to suppress the rotation speed of the rear wheels 13. As a result, the speed of the walking assistance vehicle 100 is suppressed and the safety is enhanced.
- the brake control unit 123 operates the second regenerative brake, which has a smaller braking force than the first regenerative brake, when the traveling speed of the walking assistance vehicle 100 is equal to or less than a predetermined upper limit speed.
- the regenerative brake is constantly operated and the power storage device 102 is constantly stored. Therefore, it is easy to solve the storage shortage of the power storage device 102.
- the second regenerative braking it is preferable to maintain a constant weak braking force that does not bother the user.
- the brake control unit 123 determines the duty ratio at predetermined time intervals so as to output a predetermined brake torque according to the traveling speed.
- the duty ratio of PWM control is set based on the traveling speed and the voltage of the power storage device 102.
- the brake control unit 123 reduces the duty ratio when the amount of decrease in the voltage of the power storage device 102 per predetermined time becomes larger than the first threshold value when the traveling speed is within the predetermined speed range. As a result, fluctuations in the braking force due to the voltage drop of the power storage device 102 are suppressed.
- the brake control unit 123 increases the duty ratio when the amount of increase in the voltage of the power storage device 102 per predetermined time becomes larger than the second threshold value when the traveling speed is within the predetermined speed range. As a result, fluctuations in the braking force due to an increase in the voltage of the power storage device 102 are suppressed.
- the first threshold value and the second threshold value are appropriately determined according to the design, and the optimum values are determined by experiments and the like.
- the brake control unit 123 obtains the duty ratio p by the following method. First, the brake control unit 123 determines the target brake torque T according to the traveling speed based on the numerical table of the braking torque with respect to the traveling speed created in advance.
- the brake torque T is represented by the following equation (1) as shown in the relationship between the duty ratio p and the brake torque T in FIG. 6A.
- T Ap-B equation (1)
- a and B show values larger than 0.
- A increases as the torque constant of the motor generator 101 and the voltage between the terminals of the power storage device 102 increase, and decreases as the impedance of the motor generator 101 increases.
- B increases as the torque constant of the motor generator 101 and the voltage between the terminals of the power storage device 102 increase, and decreases as the traveling speed and the impedance of the motor generator 101 increase.
- the duty ratio p (T + B) / A formula (2)
- the brake control unit 123 can obtain the duty ratio p required for producing a specific brake torque T based on the equation (2).
- the brake torque T is 0 or less when the duty ratio is equal to or less than a certain value (referred to as “torque generation duty ratio”).
- torque generation duty ratio a certain value
- the brake torque T does not actually become negative due to the action of the first and second diodes D1 and D2.
- the duty ratio p needs to be larger than the torque generation duty ratio.
- the lower limit of the duty ratio is set so that a regenerative voltage larger than the operating voltage of the control device 105 can be generated. As a result, control is maintained regardless of the amount of electricity stored in the electricity storage device 102.
- the brake control unit 123 may reduce the braking force of the second regenerative brake based on the estimation result of the traveling state estimation unit 121.
- the brake control unit 123 is estimated to correspond to at least one of the high resistance running state, the uphill running state, the one-sided inclined running state, and the extremely low speed running state shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D. Accordingly, the braking force of the second regenerative brake may be reduced so that the second regenerative brake does not operate. By reducing the braking force of the second regenerative brake in the high resistance running state and the uphill running state, the deterioration of the running performance is suppressed.
- the brake is controlled by the regenerative power, it is possible to prevent the walking assist vehicle 100 from not operating properly during use. Further, for example, it is not necessary to connect the walking assist vehicle 100 to an external power source to charge the vehicle.
- the first regenerative brake is operated so that the traveling speed becomes constant in a predetermined case, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the mechanical brake is operated so that the traveling speed becomes constant. You may.
- the PWM control is performed based on the above equations (1) to (5), but the PWM control is not limited to this, and the PWM control may be performed based on the numerical table of the duty ratio with respect to the current traveling speed. Good. In this numerical table, for example, a duty ratio that realizes the braking force as shown in FIG. 5 is set for each traveling speed.
- the braking force may be adjusted based on the inclination angle of the ground measured using a 6-axis inertial sensor or the like. Further, the Hall element may be provided in the motor generator 101, and the braking force may be adjusted based on the traveling speed and the acceleration measured by using the Hall element.
- the counter electromotive force generated by the motor generator 101 may be measured using a voltage sensor or the like, and the braking force may be adjusted based on the traveling speed and acceleration measured using the measured electromotive force.
- the brake torque is almost 0 when the duty ratio is equal to or less than the torque generation duty ratio, and rapidly increases when the duty ratio exceeds the torque generation duty ratio. Since the torque generation duty ratio depends on the traveling speed and the voltage of the power storage device 102, the calculation of the duty ratio is relatively complicated. Further, if the traveling speed and the voltage of the power storage device 102 fluctuate even a little, there is a concern that the braking force fluctuates with the fluctuation of the torque generation duty ratio and the running smoothness is somewhat lost.
- the power connection resistance R1 of this embodiment is larger than the resistance of the motor generator 101.
- the power connection resistance R1 is 10 [ ⁇ ] with respect to the resistance 0.32 [ ⁇ ] of the motor generator 101.
- FIG. 6B shows the relationship between the duty ratio and the brake torque of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6B, the torque generation duty ratio of this embodiment is close to zero. Also, the brake torque increases linearly with respect to the duty ratio.
- the amount of increase in the current flowing through the motor generator 101 when the regenerative power fluctuates due to the fluctuation of the traveling speed based on the power connection resistance R1 and the resistance of the motor generator 101 will be described.
- the horizontal axis shows the ratio (resistance ratio) of the power supply connection resistance R1 to the resistance of the electric generator 101
- the vertical axis shows the ratio (increase) of the amount of increase in the current flowing through the electric generator 101 to the amount of increase in the regenerative voltage. Ratio) is shown.
- FIG. 7 shows the ratio (resistance ratio) of the power supply connection resistance R1 to the resistance of the electric generator 101
- the vertical axis shows the ratio (increase) of the amount of increase in the current flowing through the electric generator 101 to the amount of increase in the regenerative voltage. Ratio) is shown.
- the regenerative voltage is 2.5 [V]
- the voltage of the power storage device 102 is 5 [V]
- the voltage between terminals (voltage drop) due to the first diode D1 is 0.6 [V]
- the motor generator is adjusted so that a current of 0.1 [A] flows through the motor generator 101 while the resistance of 101 is 0.32 [ ⁇ ].
- the resistance ratio is 0.3125. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the increase rate of the first embodiment is about 3 to 3.5. On the other hand, the resistance ratio of this embodiment is about 31.25. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the increase rate of this embodiment is about 0.1 to 0.3. Therefore, this embodiment has a higher robustness of braking force against fluctuations in traveling speed than the first embodiment.
- the braking force is less affected by the fluctuation of the torque generation duty ratio, and the duty ratio can be calculated with a relatively small calculation load. As a result, fluctuations in braking force are suppressed. Therefore, the smoothness of running is further increased.
- the power storage device 102 of the present embodiment includes a first power storage unit 102a and a second power storage unit 102b having a capacity larger than that of the first power storage unit 102a.
- the first power storage unit 102a and the second power storage unit 102b are connected in parallel.
- the first power supply connection resistor R1a is connected to the first power storage unit 102a
- the second power supply connection resistor R1b is connected to the second power storage unit 102b.
- the second power supply connection resistor R1b is larger than the first power supply connection resistor R1a.
- the first power storage unit 102a and the second power storage unit 102b of the present embodiment are capacitors.
- the voltage of the first power storage unit 102a quickly rises to the operating voltage of the control device 105 when the regenerative power is supplied.
- the amount of electricity stored is small.
- the brake torque tends to fluctuate when the traveling speed fluctuates.
- the first power storage unit 102a and the second power storage unit 102b having different capacities are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 9C when the regenerative power is supplied, both the first power storage unit 102a and the second power storage unit 102b are stored, but the voltage of the first power storage unit 102a, which has a relatively small capacity, is charged.
- the operating voltage of the control device 105 is reached first.
- the second storage unit 102b which has a relatively large capacity, is charged, so that a sufficient amount of storage can be obtained.
- the power storage device 102 may include three or more power storage units that are connected in parallel and have different capacities. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a diode D is provided between the terminal between the first power storage unit 102a and the first power supply connection resistor R1a and the terminal between the second power storage unit 102b and the second power supply connection resistor R1b. You may place a'.
- the walking assist vehicle 100 of the present embodiment includes the third and fourth diodes D3 and D4 connected to the first power storage unit 102a and the second power storage unit 102b, respectively.
- the first and third diodes D1 and D3 are connected in series
- the second and fourth diodes D2 and D4 are connected in series.
- the first to fourth diodes D1 to D4 cause a current to flow in the direction from the first terminal 101A to the second terminal 101B of the motor generator 101.
- the power storage device 102 When the electromotive force due to regeneration disappears, in the power storage device 102, a current flows back from the first power storage unit 102a to the second power storage unit 102b, and as shown in FIG. 9D, the first power storage unit 102a and the second power storage unit 102b The amount of electricity stored may be smoothed between the two. In this case, it takes time for the voltage of the power storage device 102 to reach the operating voltage of the control device 105.
- the first and third diodes D1 and D3 are connected in parallel. Further, the storage control SW element 130 is electrically connected between the terminals on the cathode side of the first and third diodes D1 and D3. A field effect transistor (FET) is used as the power storage control SW element 130.
- FET field effect transistor
- the voltage drop due to the first and third diodes D1 and D3 is suppressed.
- the control of the power storage control SW element 130 will be described.
- the control device 105 When the control device 105 is not up, the power storage control SW element 130 is in the off state. In the off state, the first diode D1, the first power supply connection resistor R1a and the first power storage unit 102a are connected in parallel with the second diode D2, the second power supply connection resistor R1b and the second power storage unit 102b.
- the motor generator 101 passes through the first diode D1 to the first power storage unit 102a, and the motor generator 101 passes through the third diode D3 to the second power storage unit 102b. The current flows independently of each other.
- the voltage of the first power storage unit 102a reaches the operating voltage of the control device 105 first, and the control device 105 operates.
- the first and third diodes D1 and D3 suppress the backflow of current from the first storage unit 102a to the second storage unit 102b.
- the first power storage unit 102a supplies the voltage to the control device 105
- the second power storage unit 102b cannot supply the voltage to the control device 105 due to the action of the third diode D3. .. Therefore, in the off state, the amount of electricity stored in the power storage device 102 is substantially equal to the amount of electricity stored in the first storage unit 102a, which has a relatively small capacity, and only a small amount of electricity can be obtained.
- the control device 105 switches the power storage control SW element 130 on after its operation.
- the first and second diodes D1 and D2 are not connected in parallel, and the first power supply connection resistor R1b and the first power storage unit 102a and the second power supply connection resistor R1b and the second power storage unit 102b are connected in parallel. ..
- the combined voltage of the first power storage unit 102a and the second power storage unit 102b is supplied to the control device 105. Therefore, in the on state, the amount of electricity stored in the power storage device is the sum of the amount of electricity stored in the first storage unit 102a and the second storage unit 102b, so that a large amount of electricity can be stored.
- the walking assist vehicle 100 of the present embodiment includes a Zener diode Zd connected in parallel to the power storage device 102.
- the current is bypassed via the Zener diode Zd. Therefore, since it is suppressed that the current does not flow through the motor generator 101, the loss of braking force can be suppressed, and the power storage device 102 can be prevented from being damaged beyond the withstand voltage.
- the present invention relates to an electric walking assist vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
T=Ap-B 式(1)
ここで、式(1)中、A及びBは0よりも大きい値を示す。Aは電動発電機101のトルク定数及び蓄電装置102の端子間電圧が増加するにつれて大きくなり、電動発電機101のインピーダンスが増加するにつれて小さくなる。また、Bは電動発電機101のトルク定数及び蓄電装置102の端子間電圧が増加するにつれて大きくなり、走行速度及び電動発電機101のインピーダンスが増加するにつれて小さくなる。
p=(T+B)/A 式(2)
ブレーキ制御部123は、式(2)に基づいて、特定のブレーキトルクTを出す際に必要なデューティ比pを求めることができる。
p=T/A 式(3)
Claims (15)
- 車体に設けられた車輪と、
前記車輪の回転に応じて回生電力を発生する発電機構と、
前記発電機構が発生させた回生電力によって前記車輪に制動力を付与するブレーキを制御する制御装置と、
を含む電動歩行補助車。 - 前記回生電力は使用者が本電動歩行補助車を能動的に動かしているときに発生するものである請求項1に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記制御装置は前記発電機構による回生ブレーキを常時作動する請求項1又は2に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記制御装置は本電動歩行補助車の走行状態を推定する走行状態推定部を含み、前記制御装置は前記走行状態推定部の推定結果に基づいて前記発電機構による回生ブレーキを作動する請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記制御装置は、高抵抗走行状態、上り坂走行状態、片傾斜走行状態及び極低速走行状態の少なくとも1つに該当する旨の前記走行状態推定部の推定結果に応じて、前記回生ブレーキの制動力を減少させる請求項4に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記回生電力を蓄電する蓄電装置を含む請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- PWM制御により前記発電機構に供給する電圧を調整可能なスイッチング素子と、
前記発電機構と前記蓄電装置との間に電気的に直列接続され且つ前記発電機構の抵抗よりも大きい電源接続抵抗と、を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記電動歩行補助車の走行速度に基づいて、前記PWM制御のデューティ比を設定する請求項6に記載の電動歩行補助車。 - 前記蓄電装置に並列接続されたツェナーダイオードを含む請求項7に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- PWM制御により前記発電機構に供給される電圧を調整可能なスイッチング素子部を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記電動歩行補助車の走行速度と前記蓄電装置の電圧とに基づいて前記PWM制御のデューティ比を設定する請求項6に記載の電動歩行補助車。 - 前記制御装置は前記走行速度が所定の速度範囲内のときに前記蓄電装置の電圧の減少量が第1閾値よりも大きくなった場合に前記デューティ比を小さくする請求項9に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記デューティ比の下限値は前記制御装置が動作する電圧よりも大きい回生電圧を前記発電機構において発生可能なように定められる請求項9又は10に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記制御装置は前記走行速度が所定の速度範囲内のときに前記蓄電装置の電圧の増加量が第2閾値よりも大きくなった場合に前記デューティ比を大きくする請求項9乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記蓄電装置は並列接続された容量の異なる複数の蓄電部を含む請求項6に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記蓄電部からの電流の逆流を抑制するように前記複数の蓄電部の各々に接続された複数のダイオードを含む請求項13に記載の電動歩行補助車。
- 前記複数のダイオードは並列接続される請求項14に記載の電動歩行補助車。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021567477A JP7220810B2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 | 2020-12-22 | 電動歩行補助車 |
EP20905070.7A EP4082508A4 (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2020-12-22 | ELECTRIC WHEELED WALKING ASSISTANCE |
CN202080090233.9A CN114867444A (zh) | 2019-12-25 | 2020-12-22 | 电动步行辅助车 |
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JPH08280763A (ja) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-10-29 | Isao Ueda | 電動式4輪手押し杖車 |
JPH11267162A (ja) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-05 | Eiji Matsuura | 歩行補助車 |
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JP2015029891A (ja) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-16 | 学校法人 東洋大学 | 蹴りだし検出による歩行補助車両 |
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JP2001104418A (ja) * | 1999-10-04 | 2001-04-17 | Nabco Ltd | 歩行車の制動装置 |
JP6199380B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-22 | 2017-09-20 | ナブテスコ株式会社 | 電動歩行補助装置、電動歩行補助装置の制御プログラムおよび電動歩行補助装置の制御方法 |
KR101929535B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-12-14 | 조선대학교산학협력단 | 전기실버카용 트랜스 엑셀 모터 구동장치 |
CN109199802B (zh) * | 2017-06-29 | 2021-04-06 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | 辅助行走车及其控制方法 |
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2020
- 2020-12-22 CN CN202080090233.9A patent/CN114867444A/zh active Pending
- 2020-12-22 WO PCT/JP2020/047867 patent/WO2021132216A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-12-22 EP EP20905070.7A patent/EP4082508A4/en active Pending
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JPH08280763A (ja) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-10-29 | Isao Ueda | 電動式4輪手押し杖車 |
JPH11267162A (ja) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-05 | Eiji Matsuura | 歩行補助車 |
JP2002166456A (ja) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-11 | Tokimec Inc | 横型成形機 |
JP2004216997A (ja) * | 2003-01-10 | 2004-08-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 車両のブレーキ制御装置 |
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WO2014045858A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 手押し車 |
JP2015029891A (ja) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-16 | 学校法人 東洋大学 | 蹴りだし検出による歩行補助車両 |
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EP4082508A1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
JP7220810B2 (ja) | 2023-02-10 |
CN114867444A (zh) | 2022-08-05 |
JPWO2021132216A1 (ja) | 2021-07-01 |
EP4082508A4 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
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