WO2021128848A1 - 锁闭装置以及漏斗车 - Google Patents

锁闭装置以及漏斗车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021128848A1
WO2021128848A1 PCT/CN2020/105845 CN2020105845W WO2021128848A1 WO 2021128848 A1 WO2021128848 A1 WO 2021128848A1 CN 2020105845 W CN2020105845 W CN 2020105845W WO 2021128848 A1 WO2021128848 A1 WO 2021128848A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide plate
driving
crank
rotatably connected
locking device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/105845
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐冬华
汤楚强
姚凌云
李晓军
史春江
胡跃明
闫瑞
吴宇波
王松
沈鹏
陈洪涛
Original Assignee
中车长江车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车长江车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车长江车辆有限公司
Priority to MX2022006943A priority Critical patent/MX2022006943A/es
Priority to CA3140932A priority patent/CA3140932C/en
Publication of WO2021128848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021128848A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D7/00—Hopper cars
    • B61D7/14—Adaptations of hopper elements to railways
    • B61D7/16—Closure elements for discharge openings
    • B61D7/24—Opening or closing means
    • B61D7/28—Opening or closing means hydraulic or pneumatic

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of railway freight cars, and in particular relates to a locking device and a hopper car.
  • the hopper car with a bottom door is mainly used to transport bulk goods on the railway line. After the vehicle reaches the destination, the bulk goods are unloaded on the conveyor belt or in the pit by the bottom unloading method.
  • the unloading door at the bottom of the hopper car (called the bottom door) is generally opened and closed by an opening and closing mechanism.
  • the opening and closing mechanism is a key component of the railway hopper car, and its safety and reliability directly affect the operation safety of the vehicle.
  • a locking device is generally provided to prevent the active shaft of the opening and closing mechanism from rotating, so as to prevent the opening and closing mechanism from opening and self-unloading of goods, thereby improving the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state .
  • the present disclosure provides a locking device and a hopper car.
  • the locking device and the hopper car are simple and reliable, require low assembly accuracy, and ensure the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state.
  • the manufacturing difficulty and manufacturing cost can be reduced, thereby solving the technical problems in the prior art that the reliability of the locking device is difficult to ensure due to the complex structure of the locking device and the high requirement of assembly accuracy.
  • a locking device which may include: an active shaft, the active shaft is rotatably arranged, and the rotation of the active shaft can drive the operation of the opening and closing mechanism to open and close the bottom door
  • Driving handle the driving handle may have a first end and a second end; the first end of the driving handle may be fixedly sleeved on the driving shaft, and the second end of the driving handle may be away from the driving Shaft setting; drive member, the output end of the drive member can move along a straight line, and the linear movement direction and the central axis of the driving shaft can be perpendicular; drive fork, the drive fork can be fixedly arranged on the drive On the output end of the component, and the drive fork may be provided with a waist-shaped hole; the length direction of the waist-shaped hole may be the linear movement direction, and the second end of the drive handle is rotatably arranged at the The waist-shaped hole; the side of the peripheral surface of the driving fork facing away from the driving shaft may be
  • both the second guide plate and the third guide plate may be inclined surfaces.
  • the first side surface of the first guide plate is an inclined surface
  • the second side surface of the first guide plate may be a straight surface
  • the second side surface of the first guide plate and the end of the first guide plate away from the driving fork may be transitioned by chamfering.
  • the locking device may further include a compression spring; one end of the compression spring is rotatably arranged, and the other end of the compression spring is rotatably connected to the other end of the lock block. One end.
  • the driving member may include an air cylinder, a driving support, a driving plate seat, and an adjusting nut; the driving plate seat may be connected to the driving support through the adjusting nut; The fixed end of the air cylinder may be fixedly connected to the drive support, and the output end of the air cylinder may be the output end of the drive member.
  • a hopper car which may include: a bottom door, an opening and closing mechanism for controlling the opening of the bottom door, and the locking device of the present disclosure; The operation of the opening and closing mechanism.
  • the opening and closing mechanism may include a first link, a second link, a crank, and a pull rod each having a first end and a second end; wherein: the first link of the first link One end is rotatably connected to the driving shaft, and the first end of the second link and the second end of the first link are rotatably connected; the second end of the second link is rotatably connected with The first end of the crank is rotatably connected, and the second end of the crank is rotatably connected to the bottom of the vehicle body; the middle part of the crank and the first end of the pull rod are rotatably connected, and The second end of the crank and the first end of the first connecting rod may be opposite to each other; the first end of the crank and the second end of the crank may both be located on the same side of the middle of the crank, and The second end of the pull rod is rotatably connected with the bottom of the bottom door; the top of the bottom door and the vehicle body are rotatably connected, and the second
  • the crank may include two opposite splints; the first ends of the two opposite sides of the two opposite splints may be provided with a first rotating shaft, and the two The first rotating shaft can be respectively rotatably connected with the second ends of the two second connecting rods; the second ends on the two opposite sides of the two opposite splints can be provided with second rotating shafts, and the two second connecting rods Two rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the second connecting seat; the first end of the pull rod may be located between the two splints, and the first end of the pull rod passes through the third rotating shaft and the two splints The middle part can be connected by rotation.
  • the pull rod may include a first rod body and a second rod body each having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the first rod body and the middle part of the rocking handle may Rotation connection; the second end of the first rod can be threaded in the first end of the second rod, and the second section of the second rod is rotatably connected with the bottom of the bottom door.
  • the output end of the drive member is not activated, and the second end of the drive handle is located between the protrusion and the stop of the lock block.
  • the rotation of the drive handle is restricted by the stopper, so as to control the operation of the opening and closing mechanism, thereby improving the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state; when the bottom door needs to be opened, the locking device needs to be controlled to unlock;
  • the output end of the driving member is extended, because a waist-shaped hole is provided on the driving fork, and the length direction of the waist-shaped hole is the expansion and contraction direction of the output end of the driving member, and the second end of the driving member is rotatably arranged on the waist Therefore, the output end of the driving member will drive the driving fork to move a certain idle stroke.
  • the second side surface of the first guide plate on the peripheral surface of the driving fork meets the second side of the lock block
  • the guide plate is slidingly matched to push the lock block to rotate around one end of the lock block, thereby eliminating the restriction on the drive handle by the stop of the lock block, so that the opening and closing mechanism can operate normally;
  • the drive The output end is retracted, and the bottom door will return along the path opposite to the opening;
  • the first side of the first guide plate of the drive fork will slide and fit with the third guide plate on the lock block, and the lock block will wrap around one end under the action of gravity Rotate in the reverse direction, and the drive fork can be retracted in the original way;
  • the stop on the peripheral surface of the lock block will jam the second end of the drive handle, thereby obstructing the drive handle ,
  • the locking device provided
  • the hopper car provided by the present disclosure includes a bottom door, an opening and closing mechanism that controls the opening of the bottom door, and the locking device;
  • the locking device has a simple and reliable structure, and requires low assembly accuracy, and can be controlled by the locking device
  • the operation of the opening and closing mechanism achieves the purpose of controlling the operation of the opening and closing mechanism, thereby improving the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state; and under the premise of ensuring the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state, it reduces the difficulty of manufacturing And manufacturing costs.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an opening and closing mechanism on a vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a state when the bottom door is closed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a state when the bottom door is opened according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the bottom door from a closed state to an open state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the bottom door from an open state to a closed state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the crank in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pull rod in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom door in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a hopper car with a locking device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the locking device and the opening and closing mechanism in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the locking device in Figure 9.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the driving member in Fig. 9.
  • the present disclosure provides a hopper car.
  • the hopper car includes a car body and a bottom door, wherein the bottom door is openable and closable at the bottom of the car body through an opening and closing mechanism to realize the opening and closing action of the bottom door.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the opening and closing mechanism on the vehicle body according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a state when the bottom door is closed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a state when the bottom door is opened according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the opening and closing mechanism may include a stopper 10 and a first connecting rod 2, a second connecting rod 3, a crank 5, and each having a first end and a second end. Tie rod 6.
  • the first end of the first link 2 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the vehicle body 8, and the first end of the second link 3 and the first end
  • the second end of the connecting rod 2 is rotatably connected;
  • the second end of the second connecting rod 3 and the first end of the crank 5 are rotatably connected, and the second end of the crank 5 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the vehicle body 8;
  • the crank The middle part of 5 and the first end of the pull rod 6 are rotatably connected, and the second end of the crank 5 and the first end of the first connecting rod 2 can be arranged oppositely;
  • the first end of the crank 5 and the second end of the crank 5 can be both Located on the same side of the middle of the crank 5, that is, the crank 5 can be U-shaped as a whole;
  • the second end of the tie rod 6 is rotatably connected with the bottom of the bottom door 4, and the top of the bottom door 4 and the car body 8 are rotatably connected;
  • the tie rod 6 The connection between the
  • the vehicle body 8, the first connecting rod 2, the second connecting rod 3, and the crank 5 may form a four-bar linkage mechanism, and the vehicle body 8, the crank 5, the pull rod 6 and the bottom door 4 Another four-bar linkage mechanism can be formed.
  • the opening and closing mechanism provided in the present disclosure uses two four-bar linkage mechanisms to realize the opening and closing of the bottom door, and has the characteristics of simple structure and low manufacturing and maintenance costs.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the bottom door from a closed state to an open state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first connecting rod 2 is controlled to rotate clockwise, so that the second connecting rod 3 can drive the crank 5 to rotate counterclockwise; the counterclockwise rotation of the crank 5 can be The middle part of the crank 5 is raised, and then the bottom door 4 can be driven to rotate clockwise through the pull rod 6, thereby realizing the opening action of the bottom door 4; when the opening and closing mechanism crosses the dotted line in Figure 4 (ie the "dead point" of the opening and closing mechanism) Position), due to the weight of the bottom door 4 and the pressure of the cargo on the bottom door 4, the bottom door 4 will open quickly, thereby realizing quick unloading of the cargo.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the bottom door from an open state to a closed state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first connecting rod 2 is controlled to rotate counterclockwise, so that the second connecting rod 3 can drive the crank 5 to rotate clockwise; the clockwise rotation of the crank 5 can be The middle of the crank 5 is lowered, and the bottom door 4 can be driven to rotate counterclockwise through the pull rod 6, so as to realize the closing action of the bottom door 4; when the opening and closing mechanism crosses the dotted line position in Figure 5 (ie the "dead point" position of the opening and closing mechanism) ), due to the weight of the bottom door 4 and the first connecting rod 2 continue to rotate counterclockwise, the crank 5 will continue to rotate clockwise; in order to ensure that the bottom door is closed, the stopper 10 can be used to prevent the clockwise rotation of the crank 5 Rotation trend, so as to ensure that the bottom door 4 is always kept in the closed state; and because the opening and closing mechanism crosses the "dea
  • crank 5 rotates to the dead center position, even if it is driven by an external force, the crank 5 is prevented from rotating due to the restriction of the stopper 10, thereby preventing the bottom door from opening and self-unloading during the driving of the vehicle. Reliability issues to ensure the safety of cargo transportation and the safe operation of vehicles.
  • the bottom of the vehicle body 8 may be provided with a beam body 11; the middle of the beam body 11 may be provided with an oblong hole 12 along its length direction, and the beam body 11
  • the bottom can be provided with a spindle support and a crank support 13 respectively; the spindle support and the crank support 13 can be respectively provided on both sides of the length of the oblong hole 12, and the first end of the first connecting rod 2 is rotatably connected to On the spindle support; the second connecting rod 3 can pass through the oblong hole 12, and the second end of the crank 5 is rotatably connected to the crank support 13.
  • an installation space can be provided for the opening and closing mechanism.
  • a driving shaft 9 is rotatably provided on the main shaft support, and the first end of the first link 2 can be fixedly connected to the driving shaft 9; The rotation of the driving shaft 9 can drive the first connecting rod 2 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • the axial direction of the driving shaft 9 may be the width direction of the vehicle body 8.
  • the bottom door can be opened in the width direction of the vehicle body 8.
  • the oblong hole 12 may be provided on the center beam 1 at the bottom of the vehicle body 8, and the main shaft support and the crank support 13 It can also be set on the center beam.
  • the axial direction of the driving shaft 9 may also be the length direction of the vehicle body 8. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, it may be appropriately deformed under the working conditions shown in FIG. 1, The bottom door can be opened along the length direction of the vehicle body 8, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • both ends of the driving shaft 9 may be provided with a driving block 1, and the driving block 1 is used to connect with a component that drives the driving shaft 9 to rotate, such as being fixed on a vehicle.
  • the utility model does not limit the rotating motor on the body, or the wrench tool that can be manually operated.
  • the cross section of the driving block 1 may be a regular polygon, which can be matched with a wrench tool to facilitate manual operation.
  • the second link 3 may have a split structure to facilitate the installation of the opening and closing mechanism; during installation, the remaining parts of the opening and closing mechanism are installed first, and the second link 3 is installed last.
  • the second connecting rod 3 of the split structure can be fixedly connected into one body by bolts or rivets.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crank in Fig. 1.
  • the crank 5 may include two opposite splints 5.1; the first ends of the two opposite sides of the two opposite splints 5.1 may be provided with a first rotating shaft 5.2, and the two first shafts 5.2 can be rotatably connected to the second ends of the two second links 3; in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first link 2 can be rotatably connected to two third Between the connecting rods 3, a first connecting rod 2 and two third connecting rods 3 can drive the crank 5 to rotate.
  • the second ends of the two opposite sides of the two opposite splints 5.1 may be provided with a second rotating shaft 5.3, and the two second rotating shafts 5.3 can rotate The ground is connected to the crank support 13 to realize the rotatable connection between the crank 5 and the crank support 13.
  • the first end of the pull rod 6 may be located between the two splints 5.1, and the first end of the pull rod 6 passes through the third shaft 14 and the two splints 5.1
  • the middle part is rotatably connected to realize the rotatably connection between the first end of the pull rod 6 and the crank 5.
  • a notch may be provided in the part between the first end and the second end of the two splints 5.1, and the notch may be a tie rod installed in the crank 5 in an embedded form.
  • the length of the pull rod 6 is adjustable, and the opening degree of the bottom door 4 can be adjusted through the pull rod of the adjustable length 6 to facilitate the maintenance of the opening and closing mechanism.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pull rod in FIG. 1.
  • the pull rod 6 may include a first rod body 6.1 and a second rod body 6.2 each having a first end and a second end, a first end of the first rod body 6.1 and a rocker The middle part of 5 is rotatably connected; the second end of the first rod body 6.1 can be screwed into the first end of the second rod body 6.2, and the second section of the second rod body 6.2 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the bottom door 4; The first rod body 6.1 and the second rod body 6.2 are connected, and the length of the pull rod 6 can be easily adjusted.
  • the first end of the first rod body 6.1 may be provided with a first connecting ring 6.3, and the first connecting ring 6.3 may pass through the third rotating shaft 5.3 and the two splints 5.1 Rotatable connection; and the second end of the second rod body 6.2 can be provided with a second connecting ring 6.4, and the second connecting ring 6.4 can be rotatably connected to the bottom of the bottom door 4 through the fourth shaft 7.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom door in Fig. 1.
  • the bottom door 4 may include a door panel 4.1, a hinge 4.2, a tie rod support 4.3 and a connecting beam 4.4.
  • the two door panels 4.1 can be arranged oppositely, and the two door panels 4.1 can be connected into one body by the connecting beam 4.4; there can be a clearance space between the two door panels 4.1 to avoid the middle beam; both door panels 4.1 can be provided with A plurality of hinges 4.2 are rotatably connected with the car body 8; the tie rod support 4.3 can be fixedly arranged on the connecting beam 4.4 between the two door panels 4.1 to connect with the pull plate 6.
  • a locking device in order to prevent self-opening of the opening and closing mechanism and self-unloading of goods, can generally be provided to prevent the driving shaft 9 of the opening and closing mechanism from rotating, so as to improve the opening and closing mechanism. Reliability in the closed state.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hopper car with a locking device.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between the locking device and the opening and closing mechanism in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the locking device in Fig. 9.
  • the locking device may include a driving shaft 9, a driving handle 15, a driving member 16, a driving fork 17 and a locking block 18.
  • the driving shaft 9 can be set to rotate, and the rotation of the driving shaft 9 can drive the opening and closing mechanism to operate to open and close the bottom door.
  • the driving handle 15 may have a first end and a second end, and the first end of the driving handle 15 may be fixedly sleeved on the driving shaft 9; the driving handle 15 The second end can be set away from the driving shaft 9, so that by controlling the rotation of the driving handle 15, the driving shaft 9 can be driven to rotate, and the operation of the opening and closing mechanism can be controlled.
  • the output end of the driving member 16 can move along a straight line, and the linear movement direction can be perpendicular to the central axis of the drive shaft 9; the drive fork 17 can be fixedly arranged at A waist-shaped hole 24 may be provided on the output end of the driving member 16 and the driving fork 17; the length direction of the waist-shaped hole 24 may be a linear movement direction, and the second end of the driving handle 15 is rotatably arranged in the waist-shaped hole 24; the side of the driving fork 17 facing away from the driving shaft 9 may be provided with a first guide plate 19, and the first guide plate 19 may have a first side and a second side; the first side may be a first guide The plate 19 faces away from the fixed end of the driving member 16, and the second side surface may be the side of the first guide plate 19 facing the fixed end of the driving member 16.
  • the lock block 18 may be arranged on the side of the drive fork 17 facing away from the drive shaft 9; one end of the lock block 18 is rotatably arranged, and the circumference of the lock block 18
  • the side facing the driving fork 17 may be provided with a protrusion 20 and a stop 21 in sequence; the protrusion 20 and the stop 21 may be sequentially disposed away from the first guide plate 19, and the other end of the driving handle 15 is operatively located at the protrusion 20 and the stop 21; the end of the protrusion 20 facing the first guide plate 19 and the lock block 18 can be connected by a second guide plate 22, and the second side of the first guide plate 19 is operably connected to the second
  • the guide plate 22 is slidably arranged; at least one of the second side surface of the first guide plate 19 and the second guide plate 22 can be an inclined surface; the other end of the lock block 18 can be provided with a third guide plate 23, and the first guide plate 19
  • the first side surface is operatively
  • the locking device can be used to control the operation of the opening and closing mechanism, and the specific working principle is:
  • the output end of the drive member 16 is not activated; the second end of the drive handle 15 can be located between the protrusion 20 of the lock block 18 and the stop 21, through the stop 21
  • the rotation of the driving handle 15 is restricted, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the operation of the opening and closing mechanism, thereby improving the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state.
  • the locking device When the bottom door 4 needs to be opened, the locking device needs to be controlled to unlock.
  • the output end of the drive member 16 can be extended; because the drive fork 17 can be provided with a waist-shaped hole 24, a waist-shaped hole 24
  • the length direction can be the telescopic direction of the output end of the driving member 16, and the second end of the driving member 16 is rotatably arranged in the waist-shaped hole 24.
  • the output end of the driving member 16 will drive the driving fork 15 to move for a period of idle stroke;
  • the second side surface of the first guide plate 19 on the peripheral surface of the drive fork 16 will be slidingly fitted with the second guide plate 22 on the lock block 18, pushing the lock block 18 to rotate around one end thereof, thereby eliminating
  • the restriction of the stop 21 of the lock block 18 on the drive handle 15 enables the opening and closing mechanism to operate normally.
  • the output end of the driving member 16 is retracted, and the bottom door 4 will return along the opposite path of opening; the first side surface of the first guide plate 19 of the driving fork 17 will meet
  • the third guide plate 23 on the lock block 18 is in sliding fit, and the lock block 18 can be reversely rotated around one end under the action of gravity, so that the driving fork 17 can be retracted in the same way; when the bottom door 4 is in the closed state, the lock Under the action of gravity, the stop 21 on the peripheral surface of the block 18 will block the second end of the driving handle 15, thereby obstructing the driving handle 15, so as to improve the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state.
  • both the second guide plate 22 and the third guide plate 23 may be inclined surfaces, and the extension line of the second guide plate 22 and the third guide plate 23 toward the end of the protrusion It can be arranged to intersect; the first side surface of the first guide plate 19 can be an inclined surface, and the second side surface of the first guide plate 19 can be a straight surface.
  • the second side surface of the first guide plate 19 and the end of the first guide plate 19 away from the driving fork 16 may transition by chamfering. In this way, the second side surface of the first guide plate 19 and the second guide plate 22 can slide more linearly and smoothly.
  • the second guide plate 22 and the third guide plate 23 can also be straight surfaces, and the first side surface and the second side surface of the first guide plate 19 can both be inclined surfaces, or the second guide plate The first side surface and the second side surface of the guide plate 22, the third guide plate 23, and the first guide plate 19 are all inclined surfaces, which are not limited in the present disclosure.
  • the locking device may further include a compression spring 25; one end of the compression spring 25 can be fixedly arranged, and the other end of the compression spring 25 is rotatably connected to the lock block The other end of 18 can control the rotation of the lock block 18 to overcome the preload pressure of the compression spring 25 to further improve the reliability of the closed state of the bottom door.
  • the locking device may further include a connecting plate 26;
  • the connecting plate 26 may include two side plates connected in an L shape, and one side plate of the connecting plate 26 may It is fixedly connected to the output end of the driving member 16, and the other side plate of the connecting plate 26 and the output end of the driving member 16 can be arranged in parallel; one end of the compression spring 25 can be fixedly connected to the other side plate of the connecting plate 26,
  • the two side plates may be connected with a connecting block 27 by bolts; one end of the lock block 18 may be connected with the connecting block 27 by a pin, so as to realize the rotatable setting of the lock block 18.
  • one end of the compression spring 25 and one end of the lock block 18 may also be connected to the vehicle body, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the driving member in Fig. 9.
  • the driving member 16 may include an air cylinder 16.1, a driving support 16.2, a driving plate seat 16.3, and an adjusting nut 16.4.
  • the drive support 16.2 can be fixedly arranged at the bottom of the car body, and the drive plate support 16.3 can be connected to the drive support 16.2 through an adjusting nut 16.4; the fixed end of the cylinder 16.1 can be fixedly connected to the drive support 16.3, and the cylinder
  • the output terminal of 16.1 may be the output terminal of the driver 16.
  • the drive plate base 16.3 can be connected to the drive support 16.2 through the adjusting nut 16.4, when the cylinder 16.1 is installed, the position of the fixed end of the cylinder can be adjusted through the adjusting nut 16.4.
  • the driving member can be selected as an air cylinder, it can be characterized by corresponding speed.
  • the cylinder 16.1 may also be replaced by a hydraulic cylinder or a motor, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • the locking device provided by the present disclosure has a simple and reliable structure and low assembly accuracy requirements. Under the premise of ensuring the reliability of the opening and closing mechanism in the closed state, the manufacturing difficulty and manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Abstract

本公开内容公开了一种锁闭装置以及漏斗车。其中，锁闭装置的驱动柄的第一端可以固定套装在主动轴(9)上；驱动叉(17)固定设置在驱动叉(16)的输出端上，并且驱动柄(15)的第二端可转动地设置在驱动叉(17)上的腰形孔(24)中；驱动叉(17)上设置有第一导向板(19)，并且锁块(18)的一端可转动设置；锁块(18)上依次设置有凸起(20)和止口(21)，并且凸起(20)朝向第一导向板(19)的一端和锁块(18)之间通过第二导向板(22)连接；第一导向板(19)的第二侧面可和第二导向板(22)滑动设置，并且第一导向板(19)的第二侧面和第二导向板(22)中至少一个为斜面；锁块(18)的另一端设置有第三导向板(23)，并且第一导向板(19)的第一侧面和第三导向板(23)滑动设置；第一导向板(19)的第一侧面和第三导向板(23)中至少一个为斜面。本公开内容在保证开闭机构关闭状态下的可靠性的前提下，可降低生产制造难度以及制造成本。

Description

锁闭装置以及漏斗车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年12月25日提交、申请号201911357557.X且名称为“锁闭装置以及漏斗车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开内容属于铁路货车技术领域，尤其涉及一种锁闭装置以及漏斗车。
背景技术
具有底门的漏斗车主要用于在铁路线路上运输散粒货物，待车辆到达目的地后，采用底部卸货的方式将散粒货物卸到传送带上或底坑内。
现有技术中，漏斗车底部的卸货门(称为底门)一般通过开闭机构启闭。开闭机构作为铁路漏斗车关键零部件，其安全可靠性直接影响到车辆的运行安全。在车辆运行过程中，一般设置有锁闭装置以阻止开闭机构的主动轴转动，从而防止开闭机构出现自开而发生货物自卸，以此来提高开闭机构在关闭状态下的可靠性。
申请人发现现有技术中至少存在以下不足：
现有技术中，由于锁闭装置的结构复杂，装配精度要求较高，使得开闭机构的可靠性难以得到保证，同时也会增加生产制造难度，并增加制造成本。
因此，需对现有技术进行改进，以解决现有技术中由于锁闭装置结构复杂、装配精度要求较高而难以保证可靠性的技术问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的不足，本公开内容提供了一种锁闭装置以及漏斗车，所述锁闭装置以及漏斗车简单可靠，装配精度要求低，在保证开闭机构关闭状态下的可靠性的前提下，可降低生产制造难度以及制造成本，从而解决了现有技术中由于锁闭装置结构复杂、装配精度要求较高而难以保证可靠性的技术问题。
在本公开内容的一个方面，提供了一种锁闭装置，其可以包括：主动轴，所述主动轴可转动设置，并且所述主动轴的转动可驱动开闭机构运作，以开闭底门；驱动柄，所述驱动柄可以具有第一端和第二端；所述驱动柄的第一端可以固定套装在所述主动轴上，并且所述驱动柄的第二端可以远离所述主动轴设置；驱动件，所述驱动件的输出端可沿直线运动，并且所述直线运动方向和所述主动轴的中心轴可以相垂直；驱动叉，所述驱动叉可以固定设置在所述驱动件的输出端上，并且所述驱动叉上可以设置有腰形孔；所述腰形孔的长度方向可以为所述直线运动方向，并且所述驱动柄的第二端可转动地设置在所述腰形孔中；所述驱动叉的周面背向所述主动轴的一侧可以设置有第一导向板，并且所述第一导向板可以具有第一侧面和第二侧面；所述第一侧面可以为所述第一导向板背向所述驱动件的固定端的一侧，并且所述第二侧面可以为所述第一导向板面向所述驱动件的固定端的一侧；锁块，所述锁块可以设置在所述驱动叉背向所述主动轴的一侧，并且所述锁块的一端可转动设置；所述锁块的周面朝向所述驱动叉的一侧可以依次设置有凸起和止口，并且所述凸起和所述止口可以依次远离所述第一导向板设置；所述驱动柄的第二端可操作地位于所述凸起和所述止口之间，并且所述凸起朝向所述第一导向板的一端和所述锁块之间可以通过第二导向板连接；所述第一导向板的第二侧面可操作地和所述第二导向板滑动设置，并且所述第一导向板的第二侧面和所述第二导向板中至少一个可以为斜面；所述锁块的另一端可以设置有第三导向板，并且所述第一导向板的第一侧面可操作地和所述第三导向板滑动设置，并且所述第一导向板的第一侧面和 所述第三导向板中至少一个可以为斜面。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述第二导向板以及所述第三导向板均可以为斜面。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述第一导向板的第一侧面为斜面，并且所述第一导向板的第二侧面可以为直面。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述第一导向板的第二侧面和所述第一导向板远离所述驱动叉的一端可以通过倒角过渡。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述锁闭装置还可以包括压簧；所述压簧的一端可转动设置，并且所述压簧的另一端可转动地连接在所述锁块的另一端。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述驱动件可以包括气缸、驱动支座、驱动板座以及调节螺母；所述驱动板座可以通过所述调节螺母连接在所述驱动支座上；所述气缸的固定端可以固定连接在所述驱动支座上，并且所述气缸的输出端可以为所述驱动件的输出端。
在本公开内容的另一个方面，提供了一种漏斗车，其可以包括：底门、控制底门开启的开闭机构以及本公开内容所述锁闭装置；通过所述锁闭装置可控制所述开闭机构的运作。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述开闭机构可以包括均具有第一端和第二端的第一连杆、第二连杆、曲柄以及拉杆；其中：所述第一连杆的第一端可转动地连接在所述主动轴上，并且所述第二连杆的第一端和所述第一连杆的第二端可转动连接；所述第二连杆的第二端和所述曲柄的第一端可转动连接，并且所述曲柄的第二端可转动地连接在所述车体的底部；所述曲柄的中部和所述拉杆的第一端可转动连接，并且所述曲柄的第二端和所述第一连杆的第一端可以相对设置；所述曲柄的第一端和所述曲柄的第二端均可以位于所述曲柄的中部的同一侧，并且所述拉杆的第二端和所述底门的底部可转动连接；所述底门的顶部和所述车体可转动连接，并且所述拉杆的第二端和所述底门的底部连接处以 及所述底门的顶部同所述车体连接处均可以位于所述第一连杆的第一端和所述曲柄的第二端之间；所述拉杆的第二端和所述底门的底部连接处可以位于所述曲柄的第二端的下方；所述开闭机构还可以包括挡块，并且所述挡块可以固定设置在所述车体上；所述挡块可以位于当所述曲柄位于死点位置时的下侧。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述曲柄可以包括两个相对的夹板；两个相对的所述夹板相背离的两侧的第一端均可以设置有第一转轴，并且两个所述第一转轴可分别和两个所述第二连杆的第二端可转动连接；两个相对的夹板相背离的两侧的第二端均可以设置有第二转轴，并且两个所述第二转轴可转动地连接在所述第二连接座上；所述拉杆的第一端可以位于两个所述夹板之间，并且所述拉杆的第一端通过第三转轴和两个所述夹板的中部可转动连接。
在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，所述拉杆可以包括均具有第一端和第二端的第一杆体和第二杆体；其中所述第一杆体的第一端和所述摇柄的中部可转动连接；所述第一杆体的第二端螺纹可以连接在所述第二杆体的第一端内，并且所述第二杆体的第二段和所述底门的底部可转动连接。
本公开内容的有益效果至少包括以下内容：
首先，本公开内容提供的锁闭装置，当底门以及开闭机构处于关闭状态时，驱动件的输出端没有启动，而驱动柄的第二端位于锁块的凸起和止口之间，并通过止口限制驱动柄转动，从而达到控制开闭机构运行的目的，进而可提高开闭机构在关闭状态下的可靠性；当底门需要开启时，需控制锁闭装置解锁；此种工况下，驱动件的输出端伸出，由于在驱动叉上设置有腰形孔，而腰形孔的长度方向为驱动件的输出端的伸缩方向，驱动件的第二端可转动地设置在腰形孔中；因此，驱动件的输出端会带动驱动叉移动一段空行程，此空行程的过程中，驱动叉的周面上的第一导向板的第二侧面会和锁块上的第二导向板滑动配合，推动锁 块绕其一端转动，从而消除锁块的止口对驱动柄的限制，使开闭机构能够正常运行；当底门从开启状态需切换至关闭状态时，驱动件的输出端收回，并且底门将沿着打开相反的路径返回；驱动叉的第一导向板的第一侧面会和锁块上的第三导向板滑动配合，并且锁块在重力的作用下绕其一端反向转动，进而可使驱动叉原路收回；当底门处于关闭状态时，锁块在重力作用下，其周面的止口会卡住驱动柄的第二端，从而对驱动柄产生阻碍，以提高开闭机构在关闭状态下的可靠性；因此，本公开内容提供的锁闭装置结构简单可靠，装配精度要求低，在保证开闭机构关闭状态下的可靠性的前提下，可降低生产制造难度以及制造成本，从而解决了现有技术中由于锁闭装置结构复杂、装配精度要求较高而难以保证可靠性的技术问题。
其次，本公开内容提供的漏斗车，其包括底门、控制底门开启的开闭机构以及所述锁闭装置；所述锁闭装置结构简单可靠，装配精度要求低，通过锁闭装置可控制开闭机构的运作，达到控制开闭机构运行的目的，进而可提高开闭机构在关闭状态下的可靠性；并在保证开闭机构关闭状态下的可靠性的前提下，降低了生产制造难度以及制造成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开内容实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开内容的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为依据本公开内容实施例的开闭机构在车体上的布置示意图；
图2为依据本公开内容实施例的当底门处于关闭时的状态示意图；
图3为依据本公开内容实施例的当底门处于开启时的状态示意图；
图4为依据本公开内容实施例的底门在关闭状态至打开状态下的传动示意图；
图5为依据本公开内容实施例的底门在打开状态至关闭状态下的传动示意图；
图6为图1中的曲柄的结构示意图；
图7为图1中的拉杆的结构示意图；
图8为图1中的底门的结构示意图；
图9为依据本公开内容实施例的具有锁闭装置的漏斗车的结构示意图；
图10为图9中的锁闭装置和开闭机构的配合示意图；
图11为图9中的锁闭装置的结构示意图；以及
图12为图9中的驱动件的安装示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开内容实施例中的附图，对本公开内容实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开内容一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开内容中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开内容保护的范围。
本公开内容提供了一种漏斗车，该漏斗车包括车体以及底门，其中底门通过开闭机构可开闭地设置在车体的底部，以实现底门的开闭动作。
图1为依据本公开内容实施例中的开闭机构在车体上的布置示意图。图2为依据本公开内容实施例中的当底门处于关闭时的状态示意图。图3为依据本公开内容实施例中的当底门处于开启时的状态示意图。结合图1至图3，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，开闭机构可以包括挡块10以及均具有第一端和第二端的第一连杆2、第二连杆3、曲柄5和拉杆6。
结合图1至图3，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，第一连杆2的第 一端可转动地连接在车体8的底部，并且第二连杆3的第一端和第一连杆2的第二端可转动连接；第二连杆3的第二端和曲柄5的第一端可转动连接，并且曲柄5的第二端可转动地连接在车体8的底部；曲柄5的中部和拉杆6的第一端可转动连接，并且曲柄5的第二端和第一连杆2的第一端可以相对设置；曲柄5的第一端和曲柄5的第二端均可以位于曲柄5的中部的同一侧，即曲柄5整体可以呈U形；拉杆6的第二端和底门4的底部可转动连接，并且底门4的顶部和车体8可转动连接；拉杆6的第二端和底门4的底部连接处以及底门4的顶部同车体8连接处均可以位于第一连杆2的第一端和曲柄5的第二端之间；拉杆6的第二端和底门4的底部连接处可以位于曲柄5的第二端的下方；挡块10可以固定设置在车体8上，并且挡块10可以位于当曲柄5位于死点位置时的下侧。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，车体8、第一连杆2、第二连杆3以及曲柄5可以形成一个四连杆机构，而车体8、曲柄5、拉杆6以及底门4可形成另一个四连杆机构。在本公开内容提供的开闭机构，即是利用两个四连杆机构，来实现底门的开闭的，具有结构简单，制造和维护费用低的特点。
图4为依据本公开内容实施例的底门在关闭状态至打开状态下的传动示意图。结合图2以及图4，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，控制第一连杆2顺时针转动，从而可以通过第二连杆3带动曲柄5逆时针转动；曲柄5的逆时针转动，可使曲柄5的中部升高，进而通过拉杆6可以带动底门4顺时针转动，从而实现底门4的开启动作；当开闭机构越过图4中虚线位置(即开闭机构的“死点”位置)时，由于底门4的自重和货物的对底门4的压力，底门4将快速地开启，从而实现货物的快速卸货。
图5为依据本公开内容实施例的底门在打开状态至关闭状态下的传动示意图。结合图3以及图5，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，控制第一连杆2逆时针转动，从而通过第二连杆3可以带动曲柄5顺时针转动； 曲柄5的顺时针转动，可使曲柄5的中部降低，进而通过拉杆6可以带动底门4逆时针转动，从而实现底门4的关闭动作；当开闭机构越过图5中虚线位置(即开闭机构的“死点”位置)时，由于底门4的自重和第一连杆2继续逆时针的转动，曲柄5将继续产生顺时针转动；为保证底门处于关闭状态，可通过挡块10来阻止曲柄5的顺时针转动趋势，从而保证底门4一直保持在关闭状态；并由于开闭机构的越过“死点”，曲柄5只能产生顺时针的转动趋势，而不能顺时针转动，从而保证了底门关闭状态的可靠性。另外，当曲柄5转动到死点位置时，即使有外力的驱动，也由于挡块10的限制从而防止曲柄5转动，进而可防止车辆行驶过程中底门出现自开而发生货物自卸造成的可靠性的问题，以保证货物的运输安全和车辆的安全运营。
如图1所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，车体8的底部可以设置有梁体11；该梁体11的中部沿其长度方向可以设置有长圆孔12，并且梁体11的底部分别可以设置有主轴支座以及曲柄支座13；主轴支座和曲柄支座13分别可以设置在长圆孔12的长度方向两侧，并且第一连杆2的第一端可转动地连接在主轴支座上；第二连杆3可以穿过长圆孔12，并且曲柄5的第二端可转动地连接在曲柄支座13上。在本公开内容的一些实施例中，通过长圆孔12的设计，可以为开闭机构提供安装空间。
如图1所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，主轴支座上可转动地设置有主动轴9，并且第一连杆2的第一端可以固定连接在主动轴9上；通过驱动主动轴9转动，即可带动第一连杆2的顺时针或逆时针转动。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，主动轴9的轴向可以为车体8的宽度方向。在本公开内容的一些实施例中，底门可以沿车体8的宽度方向开启。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，在底门沿车体8的宽度方向开启的情况下，长圆孔12可以设置在车体8底部的中梁1上，并且主轴支座和曲柄支座13也可以设置在中梁上。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，主动轴9的轴向也可以为车体8的长度方向；在本公开内容的一些实施例中，可以在图1所示的工况下做适当变形，使底门可以沿车体8的长度方向开启，本公开内容对此不作限制。
如图1所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，主动轴9的两端均可以设置有驱动块1，该驱动块1用于和驱动主动轴9转动的部件连接，例如固定在车体上的旋转电机，或者可实现人工操作的扳手工具等，本实用新型对此不作限制。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，驱动块1的截面可以呈正多边形，其可和扳手工具相配合，以方便人工操作。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，第二连杆3可以为分体式结构，以便于开闭机构的安装；在安装时，先安装开闭机构的其余部件，第二连杆3最后安装，并可以通过螺栓或者铆钉将分体式结构的第二连杆3固定连接为一体。
图6为图1中的曲柄的结构示意图。结合图1以及图6，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，曲柄5可以包括两个相对的夹板5.1；两个相对的夹板5.1相背离的两侧的第一端均可以设置有第一转轴5.2，并且两个第一转轴5.2可分别和两个第二连杆3的第二端可转动连接；在本公开内容的一些实施例中，第一连杆2可以可转动地两个第三连杆3之间，并且可以通过一个第一连杆2以及两个第三连杆3带动曲柄5转动。
结合图1以及图6，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，两个相对的夹板5.1相背离的两侧的第二端均可以设置有第二转轴5.3，并且两个第二转轴5.3可转动地连接在曲柄支座13上，以实现曲柄5和曲柄支座13的可转动连接。
结合图1以及图6，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，拉杆6的第一端可以位于两个夹板5.1之间，并且拉杆6的第一端通过第三转轴14和两个夹板5.1的中部可转动连接，以实现拉杆6的第一端同曲柄5的可转 动连接。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，两个夹板5.1的第一端和第二端之间的部位均可设置有缺口，并且该缺口可以为拉杆以内嵌的形式在曲柄5内安装。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，拉杆6的长度可调，通过长度可调6的拉杆，可以调整底门4的开度，以方便对开闭机构的维修。
图7为图1中的拉杆的结构示意图。如图7所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，拉杆6可以包括均具有第一端和第二端的第一杆体6.1和第二杆体6.2，第一杆体6.1的第一端和摇柄5的中部可转动连接；第一杆体6.1的第二端螺纹可以连接在第二杆体6.2的第一端内，并且第二杆体6.2的第二段和底门4的底部可转动连接；通过螺纹连接的第一杆体6.1和第二杆体6.2，可方便的调整拉杆6的长度。
如图7所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，第一杆体6.1的第一端可以设置有第一连接环6.3，并且第一连接环6.3可以通过第三转轴5.3同两个夹板5.1可转动连接；而第二杆体6.2的第二端可以设置有第二连接环6.4，并且第二连接环6.4可以通过第四转轴7同底门4的底部可转动连接。
图8为图1中的底门的结构示意图。如图8所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，底门4可以包括门板4.1、折页4.2、拉杆支座4.3和连接梁4.4。其中，两个门板4.1可以相对设置，并且两个门板4.1可以通过连接梁4.4连接成一体；两个门板4.1之间可以具有避让空间，以避开中梁；两个门板4.1上均可以设置有多个折页4.2，以和车体8可转动连接；拉杆支座4.3可以固定设置在两个门板4.1之间的连接梁4.4上，以和拉板6连接。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，为防止开闭机构出现自开而发生货物自卸，一般可以设置有锁闭装置，以阻止开闭机构的主动轴9转动，以此来提高开闭机构在关闭状态下的可靠性。
图9为具有锁闭装置的漏斗车的结构示意图。图10为图9中的锁闭装置和开闭机构的配合示意图。图11为图9中的锁闭装置的结构示意图。结合图9-图11，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，锁闭装置可以包括主动轴9、驱动柄15、驱动件16、驱动叉17以及锁块18。其中，主动轴9可转动设置，主动轴9的转动可驱动开闭机构运作，以开闭底门。
结合图9至图11，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，驱动柄15可以具有第一端和第二端，并且驱动柄15的第一端可以固定套装在主动轴9上；驱动柄15的第二端可以远离主动轴9设置，这样控制驱动柄15转动，即可带动主动轴9转动，进而可控制开闭机构的运作。
结合图9至图11，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，驱动件16的输出端可沿直线运动，并且直线运动方向和主动轴9的中心轴可以相垂直；驱动叉17可以固定设置在驱动件16的输出端上，并且驱动叉17上可以设置有腰形孔24；腰形孔24的长度方向可以为直线运动方向，并且驱动柄15的第二端可转动地设置在腰形孔24中；驱动叉17的周面背向主动轴9的一侧可以设置有第一导向板19，并且第一导向板19可以具有第一侧面和第二侧面；第一侧面可以为第一导向板19背向驱动件16的固定端的一侧，并且第二侧面可以为第一导向板19面向驱动件16的固定端的一侧。
结合图9至图11，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，锁块18可以设置在驱动叉17背向主动轴9的一侧；锁块18的一端可转动设置，并且锁块18的周面朝向驱动叉17的一侧可以依次设置有凸起20和止口21；凸起20和止口21可以依次远离第一导向板19设置，并且驱动柄15的另一端可操作地位于凸起20和止口21之间；凸起20朝向第一导向板19的一端和锁块18之间可以通过第二导向板22连接，并且第一导向板19的第二侧面可操作地和第二导向板22滑动设置；第一导向板19的第二侧面和第二导向板22中至少一个可以为斜面；锁块18的另一端可以设置有第三导向板23，并且第一导向板19的第一侧面可操作地和第三导向 板23滑动设置；第一导向板19的第一侧面和第三导向板23中至少一个可以为斜面。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，锁闭装置可以用于控制开闭机构的运作，具体工作原理为：
当底门4以及开闭机构处于关闭状态时，驱动件16的输出端没有启动；驱动柄15的第二端可以位于锁块18的凸起20和止口21之间，通过止口21可以限制驱动柄15转动，从而达到控制开闭机构运行的目的，进而可提高开闭机构在关闭状态下的可靠性。
当底门4需要开启时，需控制锁闭装置解锁，此种工况下，驱动件16的输出端可以伸出；由于在驱动叉17上可以设置有腰形孔24，腰形孔24的长度方向可以为驱动件16的输出端的伸缩方向，并且驱动件16的第二端可转动地设置在腰形孔24中，因此，驱动件16的输出端会带动驱动叉15移动一段空行程；此空行程的过程中，驱动叉16的周面上的第一导向板19的第二侧面会和锁块18上的第二导向板22滑动配合，推动锁块18绕其一端转动，从而消除锁块18的止口21对驱动柄15的限制，使开闭机构能够正常运行。
当底门4从开启状态需切换至关闭状态时，驱动件16的输出端收回，并且底门4将沿着打开相反的路径返回；驱动叉17的第一导向板19的第一侧面会和锁块18上的第三导向板23滑动配合，并且锁块18在重力的作用下可以绕其一端反向转动，进而可使驱动叉17原路收回；当底门4处于关闭状态时，锁块18在重力作用下，其周面的止口21会卡住驱动柄15的第二端，从而对驱动柄15产生阻碍，以提高开闭机构在关闭状态下的可靠性。
结合图11，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，第二导向板22以及第三导向板23均可以为斜面，且第二导向板22以及第三导向板23朝向凸起的一端的延长线可以相交设置；第一导向板19的第一侧面可以为斜面，并且第一导向板19的第二侧面可以为直面。
结合图11，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，第一导向板19的第二侧面和第一导向板19远离驱动叉16的一端可以通过倒角过渡。这样可以使第一导向板19的第二侧面同第二导向板22的滑动更加线性顺畅。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，第二导向板22以及第三导向板23也均可以为直面，而第一导向板19的第一侧面以及第二侧面均可以为斜面，或者，第二导向板22、第三导向板23以及第一导向板19的第一侧面以及第二侧面均为斜面，本公开内容对此不作限制。
结合图9至图11，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，锁闭装置还可以包括压簧25；压簧25的一端可以固定设置，并且压簧25的另一端可转动地连接在锁块18的另一端，这样可以控制锁块18的转动需克服压簧25的预紧压力，以进一步提高底门关闭状态的可靠性。
如图11所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，锁闭装置还可以包括连接板26；连接板26可以包括两个呈L形连接的侧板，并且连接板26的一个侧板可以固定连接在驱动件16的输出端上，并且连接板26的另一侧板和驱动件16的输出端可以平行设置；压簧25的一端可以固定连接在连接板26的另一个侧板上，并且两个侧板可以通过螺栓连接有连接块27；锁块18的一端可以通过销轴和连接块27连接，以实现锁块18的可转动设置。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，压簧25的一端以及锁块18的一端也可以连接在车体上，本公开内容对此不作限制。
图12为图9中的驱动件的安装示意图。如图12所示，在本公开内容的一些实施例中，驱动件16可以包括气缸16.1、驱动支座16.2、驱动板座16.3以及调节螺母16.4。其中，驱动支座16.2可固定设置在车体的底部，并且驱动板座16.3可以通过调节螺母16.4连接在驱动支座16.2上；气缸16.1的固定端可以固定连接在驱动支座16.3上，并且气缸16.1的输出端可以为驱动件16的输出端。
在本公开内容的一些实施例中，由于驱动板座16.3可以通过调节 螺母16.4连接在驱动支座16.2上，在气缸16.1安装时，可通过调节螺母16.4来调节气缸固定端的位置。在本公开内容的一些实施例中，由于可以将驱动件选用为气缸，因此可以具有相应迅速的特点。在本公开内容的一些实施例中，气缸16.1也可以用油缸或电机代替，本公开内容对此不作限制。
本公开内容提供的锁闭装置结构简单可靠，装配精度要求低，在保证开闭机构关闭状态下的可靠性的前提下，可降低生产制造难度以及制造成本。
以下所举实施例为本公开内容的较佳实施方式，仅用来方便说明本公开内容，并非对本公开内容作任何形式下的限制，任何所述技术领域中具有通常知识者，若在不脱离本公开内容所提技术特征的范围内，利用本公开内容所揭示技术内容所作出局部更动或修饰的等效实施例，并且未脱离本公开内容的技术特征内容，均仍属于本公开内容技术特征的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种锁闭装置，包括：
    主动轴，所述主动轴可转动设置，并且所述主动轴的转动可驱动开闭机构运作，以开闭底门；
    驱动柄，所述驱动柄具有第一端和第二端；所述驱动柄的第一端固定套装在所述主动轴上，并且所述驱动柄的第二端远离所述主动轴设置；
    驱动件，所述驱动件的输出端可沿直线运动，并且所述直线运动方向和所述主动轴的中心轴相垂直；
    驱动叉，所述驱动叉固定设置在所述驱动件的输出端上，并且所述驱动叉上设置有腰形孔；所述腰形孔的长度方向为所述直线运动方向，并且所述驱动柄的第二端可转动地设置在所述腰形孔中；所述驱动叉的周面背向所述主动轴的一侧设置有第一导向板，并且所述第一导向板具有第一侧面和第二侧面；所述第一侧面为所述第一导向板背向所述驱动件的固定端的一侧，并且所述第二侧面为所述第一导向板面向所述驱动件的固定端的一侧；以及
    锁块，所述锁块设置在所述驱动叉背向所述主动轴的一侧，并且所述锁块的一端可转动设置；所述锁块的周面朝向所述驱动叉的一侧依次设置有凸起和止口，并且所述凸起和所述止口依次远离所述第一导向板设置；所述驱动柄的第二端可操作地位于所述凸起和所述止口之间，并且所述凸起朝向所述第一导向板的一端和所述锁块之间通过第二导向板连接；所述第一导向板的第二侧面可操作地和所述第二导向板滑动设置，并且所述第一导向板的第二侧面和所述第二导向板中至少一个为斜面；所述锁块的另一端设置有第三导向板；所述第一导向板的第一侧面可操作地和所述第三导向板滑动设置，并且所述第一导向板的第一侧面和所述第三导向板中至少一个为斜面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锁闭装置，其中，所述第二导向板以 及所述第三导向板均为斜面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的锁闭装置，其中，所述第一导向板的第一侧面为斜面，并且所述第一导向板的第二侧面为直面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的锁闭装置，其中，所述第一导向板的第二侧面和所述第一导向板远离所述驱动叉的一端通过倒角过渡。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的锁闭装置，其中，所述锁闭装置还包括压簧；
    所述压簧的一端可转动设置，并且所述压簧的另一端可转动地连接在所述锁块的另一端。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的锁闭装置，其中，所述驱动件包括气缸、驱动支座、驱动板座以及调节螺母；
    所述驱动板座通过所述调节螺母连接在所述驱动支座上；以及
    所述气缸的固定端固定连接在所述驱动支座上，并且所述气缸的输出端为所述驱动件的输出端。
  7. 一种漏斗车，包括：底门、控制底门开启的开闭机构以及权利要求1所述的锁闭装置；通过所述锁闭装置可控制所述开闭机构的运作。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的漏斗车，其中，所述开闭机构包括：均具有第一端和第二端的第一连杆、第二连杆、曲柄以及拉杆，其中：
    所述第一连杆的第一端可转动地连接在所述主动轴上，并且所述第二连杆的第一端和所述第一连杆的第二端可转动连接；
    所述第二连杆的第二端和所述曲柄的第一端可转动连接，并且所述曲柄的第二端可转动地连接在所述车体的底部；
    所述曲柄的中部和所述拉杆的第一端可转动连接，并且所述曲柄的第二端和所述第一连杆的第一端相对设置；
    所述曲柄的第一端和所述曲柄的第二端均位于所述曲柄的中部的同一侧，并且所述拉杆的第二端和所述底门的底部可转动连接；
    所述底门的顶部和所述车体可转动连接，并且所述拉杆的第二端 和所述底门的底部连接处以及所述底门的顶部同所述车体连接处均位于所述第一连杆的第一端和所述曲柄的第二端之间；
    所述拉杆的第二端和所述底门的底部连接处位于所述曲柄的第二端的下方；以及
    所述开闭机构还包括挡块；所述挡块固定设置在所述车体上，并且所述挡块位于当所述曲柄位于死点位置时的下侧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的漏斗车，其中，所述曲柄包括两个相对的夹板；并且其中：
    两个相对的所述夹板相背离的两侧的第一端均设置有第一转轴，并且两个所述第一转轴可分别和两个所述第二连杆的第二端可转动连接；
    两个相对的夹板相背离的两侧的第二端均设置有第二转轴，并且两个所述第二转轴可转动地连接在所述第二连接座上；以及
    所述拉杆的第一端位于两个所述夹板之间，并且所述拉杆的第一端通过第三转轴和两个所述夹板的中部可转动连接。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的漏斗车，其中，所述拉杆包括均具有第一端和第二端的第一杆体和第二杆体；并且其中：
    所述第一杆体的第一端和所述摇柄的中部可转动连接；以及
    所述第一杆体的第二端螺纹连接在所述第二杆体的第一端内，并且所述第二杆体的第二段和所述底门的底部可转动连接。
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