WO2021110048A1 - 一种灯罩及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种灯罩及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021110048A1
WO2021110048A1 PCT/CN2020/133373 CN2020133373W WO2021110048A1 WO 2021110048 A1 WO2021110048 A1 WO 2021110048A1 CN 2020133373 W CN2020133373 W CN 2020133373W WO 2021110048 A1 WO2021110048 A1 WO 2021110048A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lampshade
abs resin
toughening agent
polymethyl methacrylate
screw extruder
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PCT/CN2020/133373
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English (en)
French (fr)
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万金
郑红敏
杨英杰
赵东
田小斌
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苏州欧普照明有限公司
欧普照明股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021110048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021110048A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C08L33/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/10—Transparent films; Clear coatings; Transparent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/08—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of material technology, in particular a lampshade and a preparation method thereof.
  • PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
  • lampshades made based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) often have insufficient impact strength, resulting in a high rate of damage during transportation.
  • the existing way to reduce the damage rate of lampshades made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is to optimize the packaging of the lampshades. For example, when packaging the lampshades, increase the use of consumables such as pearl cotton and thick corrugated paper to increase Buffer, reduce lampshade damage.
  • this solution does not fundamentally improve the impact resistance of lampshades made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and also increases the use of consumables, which is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a lampshade and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively improve the impact resistance of the lampshade made based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and thereby reduce the impact resistance of the lampshade based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). ) Damage rate of the lampshade made.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a lampshade.
  • the constituent materials of the lampshade include at least one of an ABS resin and a toughening agent, and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the component material of the lampshade includes the ABS resin and the toughening agent, and the polymethyl methacrylate, the ABS resin, and the toughening agent are in weight percentages.
  • the calculations are as follows: 70%-80% of the polymethyl methacrylate, 5%-10% of the ABS resin, and 3%-8% of the toughening agent.
  • the weight ratio of the ABS resin and the toughening agent is m:n, and the value range of m:n is greater than 1 and less than 2.
  • the constituent material of the lampshade further includes auxiliary additives, and the auxiliary additives are 7%-15% by weight.
  • the auxiliary additive includes a compatibilizer and a light diffusing agent, and the compatibilizer and the light diffusing agent are respectively: 3%-6% of the compatibilizer by weight percentage , The light diffuser is 4%-9%.
  • the constituent material of the lampshade further includes an antioxidant, and the antioxidant is combined with the polymethyl methacrylate, the ABS resin, the toughening agent, and the The weight ratio of the total weight of auxiliary additives is a:1, where the value of a ranges from 0.002-0.004.
  • the polymethyl methacrylate, the ABS resin, the toughening agent, the compatibilizer, and the light diffusing agent are respectively: Polymethyl methacrylate 75%, the ABS resin 8%, the toughening agent 5%, the compatibilizer 4%, and the light diffusing agent 8%.
  • the relative molecular weight of the polymethyl methacrylate is 80,000 to 200,000 g/mol, and the glass transition temperature is 130 to 140°C; the relative molecular weight of the ABS resin is 100,000 to 180,000 g/mol , And the weight percentages of the components in the ABS resin are: acrylonitrile 10%-20%, butadiene 25%-50%, styrene 35%-70%; the toughening agent is an acrylic toughening agent , The appearance is transparent particles, the grafting rate is 1.0%-1.3%; the compatibilizer is a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer; the light diffusion agent is a silicone polymer spherical powder with an average particle size of 1.6 ⁇ m, The density is 1.3g/cm 3 , and the refractive index is 1.43%; the antioxidant is a compound of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168, and the weight of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168 is compounded The ratio is 1:2.
  • the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a lampshade, including the following steps:
  • the flexible sheet material is blow molded on a blow molding machine to obtain the lampshade.
  • the twin-screw extruder has six stages, the temperatures of the first and second stages are 220-230°C, and the temperatures of the third to sixth stages are 240-250°C.
  • the rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300 to 420 revolutions per minute.
  • the lampshade and the preparation method thereof provided in the embodiments of the present application by adding at least one of an ABS resin and a toughening agent to the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), to improve the manufacturing method based on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
  • the toughness and impact resistance of the finished lampshade can effectively reduce the damage rate of the lampshade made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) during transportation and use.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a lampshade provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present application provides a lampshade.
  • the component material of the lampshade provided in the present application includes polymethyl methacrylate, and also includes at least one of ABS resin and toughening agent.
  • Polymethyl methacrylate also known as acrylic or plexiglass, has the advantages of high transparency, low price, and easy mechanical processing. It is a widely used glass substitute material.
  • the relative molecular weight of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is 80,000-200,000 g/mol, and the glass transition temperature is 130-140°C.
  • ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) resin is a copolymer of acrylonitrile (Acrylonitrile), butadiene (Butadiene) and styrene (Styrene). It is a thermoplastic polymer material with high strength, good toughness and easy processing and molding.
  • acrylonitrile provides ABS resin with hardness, heat resistance, acid and alkali salt resistance and other chemical corrosion properties
  • butadiene provides ABS resin with low temperature ductility and impact resistance, but too much butadiene will reduce ABS resin
  • styrene provides ABS resin with hardness, processing fluidity and product surface smoothness. That is to say, when the ratio of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene is adjusted, the relevant properties of ABS resin will change to a certain extent. In practical applications, the proportions of the three components of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve products with target performance.
  • the ratio of the three components of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene in the ABS resin is not limited here.
  • the relative molecular weight of the ABS resin is 100,000 to 180,000 g/mol, and the components in the ABS resin The weight percentages are: butadiene 25% to 50%, acrylonitrile 10% to 20%, and styrene 35% to 70%.
  • the toughening agent can be an acrylic toughening agent (MDA), the melt index is: 4-6g/10min (230°C, 2.16kg), the appearance is transparent particles, and the grafting rate is 1.0%-1.3%.
  • the toughness and impact resistance of lampshades made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) can be improved, thereby reducing Low damage rate of lampshades made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) during transportation and use.
  • the component material of the lampshade includes polymethyl methacrylate, ABS resin and toughening agent.
  • a toughening agent is added to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to increase the toughness of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) products.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the more toughening agent is added the more The toughness of methyl methacrylate (PMMA) products will be stronger, but because the optical transmittance of the toughening agent is lower than that of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), the greater the amount added, it will affect the final The optical transmittance of the lampshade.
  • ABS resin to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) can also improve the toughness of PMMA products, and because the optical transmittance of ABS resin is better than that of tougheners, it is used in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the addition of ABS resin has little effect on the optical transmittance of the final synthetic material.
  • the toughening effect of ABS resin is not as good as that of toughening agent, so that adding only the toughening agent ABS resin to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) will result in unsatisfactory toughening effect of the final lampshade.
  • ABS resin and toughening agent are respectively: 70%-80% polymethyl methacrylate, 5%-10% ABS resin, and 3% toughening agent in terms of weight percentage. -8%.
  • the weight percentage is the percentage of each component to the weight of the lampshade.
  • the toughness of the lampshade can achieve the desired effect, that is, by controlling the addition amount of the toughening agent and ABS resin, the lampshade can achieve a balance between the toughness and the optical transmittance.
  • the weight ratio of the ABS resin and the toughening agent is m:n, and the value range of m:n is greater than 1 and less than 2; for example, the ratio in Example 3 below, ABS resin and The weight ratio of the toughening agent is 8:5. At this time, the final PMMA product has better toughness and optical transmittance.
  • the constituent materials of the lampshade further include auxiliary additives, preferably, The polymethyl methacrylate, ABS resin, toughening agent, and auxiliary additives are respectively: 70%-80% polymethyl methacrylate, 5%-10% ABS resin, and 3% toughening agent in terms of weight percentage. -8%, auxiliary additives 7%-15%.
  • the auxiliary addition includes a compatibilizer.
  • the compatibility of the two is not very good. Ideally, it will cause uneven optical transmittance of the lampshade, and also cause delamination on the surface of the finished lampshade, that is, "pearl” and “skinning” phenomena, which affect the use and appearance of the lampshade. Therefore, when polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and ABS resin are mixed, an appropriate amount of compatibilizer is added to promote the fusion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and ABS resin and improve the compatibility of the two.
  • the polymethyl methacrylate, ABS resin, toughening agent, and compatibilizer are respectively: 70%-80% polymethyl methacrylate and 5%-5% ABS resin in terms of weight percentages. 10%, toughening agent 3%-8%, compatibilizer 3%-6%.
  • the compatibilizer is a styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer.
  • SMA phase compatibilizer maleic anhydride
  • ABS resin includes styrene component
  • SMA corresponding styrene-maleic anhydride
  • the auxiliary additive further includes a light diffusing agent.
  • the polymethyl methacrylate, ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, light diffusion In terms of weight percentage, the agents are: polymethyl methacrylate 70%-80%, ABS resin 5%-10%, toughening agent 3%-8%, compatibilizer 3%-6%, light diffusing agent 4 -9%.
  • the optical diffuser may include organic silicon polymer spherical powder. Generally speaking, the smaller the particle size of the light diffusing agent silicone polymer spherical powder, the higher the light transmittance of the final tough material.
  • the average particle size of the organic silicon polymer spherical powder is 1.6 ⁇ m, the density is 1.3 g/cm 3 , and the refractive index is 1.43%.
  • the component material of the lampshade in addition to the above-mentioned polymethyl methacrylate, ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, and light diffusing agent, the component material of the lampshade also includes anti- Oxygen agent, the weight ratio of the antioxidant to the total weight of the polymethyl methacrylate, ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, and light diffusing agent is (0.002-0.004):1.
  • anti- Oxygen agent the weight ratio of the antioxidant to the total weight of the polymethyl methacrylate, ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, and light diffusing agent is (0.002-0.004):1.
  • antioxidants which are not limited here. They can be one type of antioxidant, or a mixture of multiple antioxidants in a certain proportion. You can choose according to the actual situation, as long as you can To achieve the anti-oxidation effect of the lampshade.
  • the antioxidant is a compound of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168, and the weight compound ratio of the two is 1:2.
  • the constituent material of the lampshade includes polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, light diffusing agent and antioxidant.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • ABS resin polymethyl methacrylate
  • toughening agent compatibilizer
  • light diffusing agent antioxidant
  • the weight ratio of the total weight of methyl methacrylate (PMMA), ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, and light diffusing agent is 0.003:1.
  • the toughness and impact resistance of the lampshade can be increased.
  • a suitable ratio of toughening agent and ABS can be added to assist each other to make the lampshade have higher toughness.
  • it also has a high optical transmittance; further add a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility between the components, so that the lampshade has a uniform optical transmittance and a uniform appearance; then add a light diffuser and an antioxidant Agent, respectively improve the light diffusion effect and anti-oxidation effect of the lampshade.
  • the lampshade provided by the embodiments of the present application has high toughness, high optical transmittance, better light diffusion effect and anti-oxidation effect.
  • the application also provides a method for preparing the lampshade, which includes the following steps:
  • the ratio for example: when the component material of the lampshade includes polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, light diffusing agent and antioxidant, among them, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer and light diffusing agent are: polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 70-80%, ABS resin 5-10%, toughening agent 3- 8%, compatibilizer 3-6%, light diffusion agent 4-9%; the antioxidant and the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ABS resin, toughening agent, compatibilizer, light diffusion
  • the weight ratio of the total weight of the agent is (0.002-0.004): 1) Each component material is added to the material mixing barrel to make each component material evenly mixed. In the actual situation, the mixing time can be set according to the size of the material mixing barrel, the speed of the material mixing barrel and the amount of input materials. There is no restriction here, as long as the components are mixed uniformly.
  • the tough material of the lampshade. 220-250°C is a temperature range that can melt each component material in the mixture without modification, and the temperature of each section in the twin-screw extruder can be set according to the temperature range.
  • the temperatures in the first to second stages are set at 220-230°C, and the temperatures in the third to sixth stages are set at 240-250°C.
  • the temperature in the twin-screw extruder is set in two parts, one part (the first stage to the second stage) has a temperature of 220-230°C, and the other part (the third stage to the sixth stage) has a temperature of 240-250°C .
  • Set the temperature gradient so that each component in the mixture gradually melts, avoiding the sudden high temperature that degrades and modifies the components.
  • the speed of the twin-screw extruder directly affects the mixing effect of the components in the mixture.
  • the higher the speed of the twin-screw extruder the faster the shearing speed, which will destroy the polymer structure.
  • the rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300-420 rpm (300-420 revolutions per minute).
  • the ductile material extruded by the twin-screw extruder can be cooled and pelletized.
  • the pelletized tough material After the pelletized tough material enters the single-screw extruder, it changes from solid to molten state again at the temperature set by the single-screw extruder, and then extrudes the sheet from the single-screw under the rotation of the single screw Extrusion in the machine to obtain the flexible sheet for preparing the lampshade.
  • 220-250°C is a temperature range that can melt the components in the mixture without modification, and the temperature of each section in the single-screw extruder can be set according to the temperature range.
  • the temperature of the first section to the seventh section of the single-screw extruder is 215-235°C; the temperature of the seventh section to the twelfth section is 240-250°C. Set the temperature gradient so that each component in the mixture gradually melts, avoiding the sudden high temperature that degrades and modifies the components.
  • the toughness plate obtained is blow molded on a blow molding machine.
  • the baking temperature of the plate is 260 ⁇ 290°C, the baking time: 50 ⁇ 55S; the blowing pressure: 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa, which is blow molded by the blow molding machine.
  • the lampshade can be obtained.
  • the lampshade obtained by the above preparation method can improve the toughness and impact resistance of the lampshade, thereby reducing the damage rate of the lampshade made based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) during transportation and use.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the temperature of each section of the single-screw extruder is 215 ⁇ 235°C from the first to the seventh, and the temperature from the seventh to the twelfth section 240-250°C; single-screw extruding plate machine rotating speed is 60-70rpm; through single-screw extruding plate machine extrusion molding to obtain tough plate.
  • the tough sheet is blow molded on a blow molding machine.
  • the bake temperature of the tough sheet is 260 ⁇ 290°C, the baking time is 50 ⁇ 55S, and the blowing pressure is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa. It is blow molded by the blow molding machine.
  • the lampshade is available.
  • the temperature of each section of the single-screw extruder is 215 ⁇ 235°C from the first to the seventh, and the temperature from the seventh to the twelfth section 240-250°C; single-screw extruding plate machine rotating speed is 60-70rpm; through single-screw extruding plate machine extrusion molding to obtain tough plate.
  • the tough sheet is blow molded on a blow molding machine.
  • the bake temperature of the tough sheet is 260 ⁇ 290°C, the baking time is 50 ⁇ 55S, and the blowing pressure is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa. It is blow molded by the blow molding machine.
  • the lampshade is available.
  • the temperature of each section of the single-screw extruder is 215 ⁇ 235°C from the first to the seventh, and the temperature from the seventh to the twelfth section 240-250°C; single-screw extruding plate machine rotating speed is 60-70rpm; through single-screw extruding plate machine extrusion molding to obtain tough plate.
  • the tough sheet is blow molded on a blow molding machine.
  • the bake temperature of the tough sheet is 260 ⁇ 290°C, the baking time is 50 ⁇ 55S, and the blowing pressure is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa. It is blow molded by the blow molding machine.
  • the lampshade is available.
  • the temperature of each section of the single-screw extruder is 215 ⁇ 235°C from the first to the seventh, and the temperature from the seventh to the twelfth section 240-250°C; single-screw extruding plate machine rotating speed is 60-70rpm; through single-screw extruding plate machine extrusion molding to obtain tough plate.
  • the tough sheet is blow molded on a blow molding machine.
  • the bake temperature of the tough sheet is 260 ⁇ 290°C, the baking time is 50 ⁇ 55S, and the blowing pressure is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa. It is blow molded by the blow molding machine.
  • the lampshade is available.
  • the temperature of each section of the single-screw extruder is 215 ⁇ 235°C from the first to the seventh, and the temperature from the seventh to the twelfth section 240-250°C; single-screw extruding plate machine rotating speed is 60-70rpm; through single-screw extruding plate machine extrusion molding to obtain tough plate.
  • the tough sheet is blow molded on a blow molding machine.
  • the bake temperature of the tough sheet is 260 ⁇ 290°C, the baking time is 50 ⁇ 55S, and the blowing pressure is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa. It is blow molded by the blow molding machine.
  • the lampshade is available.
  • This application also provides a comparative example 1 for each of the above examples.
  • no toughening agent is added in comparative example 1, and the feeding conditions of other components are the same as those of example 5.
  • the pelletized tough material is added to the single-screw plate extruder.
  • the temperature of each section of the single-screw plate extruder is 215 ⁇ 235°C from the first section to the seventh section, and the temperature from the seventh section to the twelfth section The temperature is 240-250°C; the speed of the single-screw extruder is 60-70 rpm; the mixed plate is obtained by extrusion through the single-screw extruder.
  • the tough sheet is blow molded on a blow molding machine.
  • the bake temperature of the tough sheet is 260 ⁇ 290°C, the baking time is 50 ⁇ 55S, and the blowing pressure is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5Mpa. It is blow molded by the blow molding machine.
  • the lampshade is available.
  • the tough material prepared in the foregoing Examples 1-5 and the mixed material prepared in Comparative Example 1 were injection molded into a GB standard notched impact specimen, and the impact resistance was tested according to the national standard (GB/T 1843-2008).
  • the impact strength of the final synthesized material increases significantly with the increase in the amount of toughening agent MDA within a certain range.
  • the toughening agent MDA is not added in Comparative Example 1
  • the Izod notched impact strength of the mixed material is as low as 1.9KJ/m 2 ; while the Izod notched impact strength of the tough material in Example 1 with 8 parts of toughening agent is added
  • the strength is as high as 7.2KJ/m 2 , and there is a significant difference between the two.
  • the impact resistance of the ductile material in Example 1 is significantly higher than that of the mixed material in Comparative Example 1.
  • Example 3 the test results of the lampshade also reflect the above conclusions.
  • the impact strength of the lampshade decreases.
  • IK03 impact (0.35J) both the lampshades of Example 3 and Example 4 can pass the test, but when the higher intensity IK05 impact (0.5J) is used for the test, the lampshade of Example 3 can pass the test, and The lampshade of Example 4 failed the test.
  • the tough material prepared in the above examples 1-5 and the mixed material prepared in the comparative example 1 were made into a 1.8 mm ductile plate (example 1-5) and a mixed plate (comparative example 1) by a single-screw extruder.
  • the optical transmittance test (GB/T2410-2008) was performed on each of the ductile plates in Examples 1-5 and the mixed plate in Comparative Example 1 (GB/T2410-2008).
  • the optical transmittance of the lampshade blow-molded from the flexible sheet also continues to decrease.
  • the toughness of the lampshade can be increased by adding a toughening agent to the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • an appropriate ratio of ABS resin and a toughening agent can be added to assist each other to make the lampshade have a higher
  • the toughness also has a higher optical transmittance rate; further adding a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility between the components, so that the lampshade has a uniform transmittance and a uniform appearance, eliminating the polymethyl methacrylate
  • the lampshade provided by the embodiments of the present application has high toughness, high optical transmittance, better light diffusion effect and anti-oxidation effect, and has broad application prospects in household lighting.

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Abstract

一种灯罩及其制备方法，涉及材料技术领域，解决由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成的灯罩抗冲击能力不佳的问题。所述灯罩的组成材料包括ABS树脂和增韧剂中的至少一种，以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。所述灯罩用于防护光源。

Description

一种灯罩及其制备方法 技术领域
本申请涉及材料技术领域，尤其一种灯罩及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)是目前较为优良的高分子透明材料，透光率可以达到92％，且具有质轻、价廉，易于成型等优点，因此具有广泛的应用，例如利用PMMA材料制作灯罩。
然而，基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩往往抗冲击强度不够，导致在运输过程中破损率较高。现有降低基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩的破损率的方式是在灯罩的包装上进行优化，例如在包装灯罩时增加珍珠棉、加厚瓦楞纸等耗材的使用，以增加缓冲，减少灯罩破损。但是此种解决方式并没有从根本上改善基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩的抗冲击强度，同时还增加了耗材的使用，不利于环保。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种灯罩及其制备方法，能够有效提高基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩的抗冲击能力，进而减少基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩的破损率。
本申请实施例第一方面提供了一种灯罩，所述灯罩的组成材料包括ABS树脂和增韧剂中的至少一种，以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述灯罩的组成材料包括所述ABS树脂和所述增韧剂，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、所述ABS树脂、所述增韧剂按重量百分比计分别为：所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯70％-80％，所述ABS树脂5％-10％，所述增韧剂3％-8％。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述ABS树脂和所述增韧剂的重量比为m:n， 且m:n的取值范围大于1小于2。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述灯罩的组成材料还包括辅助添加剂，所述辅助添加剂按重量百分比计为7％-15％。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述辅助添加剂包括相容剂和光扩散剂，所述相容剂和所述光扩散剂按重量百分比计分别为：所述相容剂3％-6％，所述光扩散剂4％-9％。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述灯罩的组成材料还包括抗氧剂，所述抗氧剂与所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、所述ABS树脂、所述增韧剂、所述辅助添加剂总重量的重量比为a:1，其中，a的取值范围为0.002-0.004。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、所述ABS树脂、所述增韧剂、所述相容剂、所述光扩散剂按重量百分比计分别为：所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯75％，所述ABS树脂8％，所述增韧剂5％，所述相容剂4％，所述光扩散剂8％。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的相对分子量为80000～200000g/mol，玻璃化温度为130～140℃；所述ABS树脂的相对分子量为100000～180000g/mol，且所述ABS树脂中各组分重量百分比为：丙烯腈10％～20％，丁二烯25％～50％，苯乙烯35％～70％；所述增韧剂为丙烯酸类增韧剂，外观为透明粒子，接枝率1.0％-1.3％；所述相容剂为苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物；所述光扩散剂为有机硅高分子球形粉末，平均粒径为1.6μm，密度为1.3g/cm 3，折光率为1.43％；所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的复配物，且所述抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的重量复配比为1：2。
本申请实施例第二方面提供了一种灯罩的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
将各组分物料混合均匀，得到混合物料；
将所述混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机内混炼，所述混合物料经过混炼后经由所述双螺杆挤出机挤出后，得到制备所述灯罩的韧性材料；
将所述韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，所述韧性材料经由所述单螺杆 挤出板材机挤出后，得到制备所述灯罩的韧性板材；
将所述韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，得到所述灯罩。
可选地，在一个实施例中，所述双螺杆挤出机共有六段，第一段和第二段的温度为220～230℃，第三段至第六段的温度为240～250℃；所述双螺杆挤出机的转速为每分钟300～420转。
本申请实施例采用的上述至少一个技术方案能够达到以下有益效果：
本申请实施例提供的灯罩及其制备方法，通过在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中添加ABS树脂和增韧剂中的至少一种，以提高基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩的韧性和抗冲击能力，进而有效减少基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩在运输、使用等过程的破损率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种灯罩的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请具体实施例及相应的附图对本申请技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
为了解决现有基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩存在韧性不佳、抗冲击强度能力较弱，导致破损率较高的问题，本申请提供了一种灯罩。
本申请提供的灯罩的组成材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，同时还包括ABS树脂和增韧剂中至少一种。
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)，又称压克力或有机玻璃，具有高透明度，低价格，易于机械加工等优点，是使用范围较广的玻璃替代材料。所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的相对分子量为80000～200000g/mol，玻璃化温度为130～140℃。ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)树脂是丙烯腈(Acrylonitrile)、丁二烯(Butadiene)和苯乙烯(Styrene)的共聚物，是一种强度高、韧性好、易于加工成型的热塑型高分子材料。其中，丙烯腈为ABS树脂提供硬度、耐热性、耐酸碱盐等化学腐蚀的性质；丁二烯为ABS树脂提供低温延展性和抗冲击性，但是过多的丁二烯会降低ABS树脂的硬度、光泽及流动性；苯乙烯为ABS树脂提供硬度、加工的流动性及产品表面的光洁度。也就是说，当对丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三种成分的比例进行调整，ABS树脂的相关性能会发生一定的变化。在实际应用中，可以根据实际需要对丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三种成分的比例进行调整，以达到具备目标性能的产品。因此，在这里并不对ABS树脂中丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三种成分的比例进行限定，例如，所述ABS树脂的相对分子量为100000～180000g/mol，所述ABS树脂中各组分重量百分比为：丁二烯25％～50％，丙烯腈10％～20％，苯乙烯35％～70％。所述增韧剂可以是丙烯酸类增韧剂(MDA)，熔融指数为：4～6g/10min(230℃，2.16kg)，外观为透明粒子，接枝率1.0％-1.3％。
通过在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中添加ABS树脂或增韧剂中的至少一种，以提高基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩的韧性和抗冲击能力，进而减小基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩在运输和使用过程中的破损率。
在一种实施方式中，所述灯罩的组成材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂和增韧剂。在实际情况中，在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中加入增韧剂来增加聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制品的韧性，理论来说，增韧剂加入 的量越多，那么聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制品的韧性会更强，但是由于增韧剂的光学透过率相对于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)而言较低，加入的量越多，会影响最终灯罩的光学透过率。在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中加入ABS树脂，同样也可以提升PMMA制品的韧性，并且由于ABS树脂的光学透过率较增韧剂而言较好，因此在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中加入ABS树脂对最终合成材料的光学透过率影响较小。但是ABS树脂的增韧效果不如增韧剂，以至于在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中仅加入增韧剂ABS树脂会导致最终灯罩的增韧效果并不理想。也就是说，考虑到最终PMMA制品的韧性和光学透过率，在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中同时加入ABS树脂和增韧剂效果较佳。优选地，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂、增韧剂按重量百分比计分别为：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯70％-80％，ABS树脂5％-10％，增韧剂3％-8％。所述重量百分比为各组分占所述灯罩重量的百分比。在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中同时加入ABS树脂和增韧剂，并且适当控制增韧剂与ABS树脂的添加量，使得增韧剂与ABS树脂的添加量达到一个合适的配比，在尽可能不影响灯罩光学透光率的同时，使得灯罩的韧性达到理想效果，即通过控制增韧剂与ABS树脂的添加量，以使得灯罩在韧性和光学透过率之间取得平衡。在一种实施方式中，所述ABS树脂和增韧剂的重量比为m:n，且所述m:n的取值范围大于1小于2；例如下文示例3中的配比，ABS树脂和增韧剂的重量比为8:5，此时最终的PMMA制品具有较优的韧性和光学透过率。
在实际应用中，为了进一步优化所述灯罩，例如进一步提高光学透过率、提高制备所述灯罩的材料之间的相容性等等，所述灯罩的组成材料还包括辅助添加剂，优选地，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂、增韧剂、辅助添加剂按重量百分比计分别为：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯70％-80％，ABS树脂5％-10％，增韧剂3％-8％，辅助添加剂7％-15％。在一种实施方式中，所述辅助添加包括相容剂。当所述灯罩的组成材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和ABS树脂时，在 实际情况中，将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和ABS树脂混合时，由于两者的相容性并不是很理想，会导致灯罩的光学透过率不均匀，也会导致制成的灯罩表面出现分层，即，“珠光”、“起皮”现象，影响灯罩的使用和外观。因此，在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和ABS树脂混合时，再加入适量相容剂，促进聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和ABS树脂的融合，提高两者的相容性。在一种实施方式中，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂按重量百分比计分别为：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯70％-80％，ABS树脂5％-10％，增韧剂3％-8％，相容剂3％-6％。在一种实施方式中，所述相容剂为苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)共聚物。相相容剂马来酸酐(MA)接枝共聚物的种类较多，但是由于ABS树脂中包括苯乙烯组分，选取对应的苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)共聚物相容剂，可以更大程度上提高聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和ABS树脂的相容性。
在一种实施方式中，所述辅助添加剂还包括光扩散剂。为了使得所述灯罩具有较佳的韧性、较佳且均匀的光学透过率，在一种实施方式中，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、光扩散剂按重量百分比计分别为：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯70％-80％，ABS树脂5％-10％，增韧剂3％-8％，相容剂3％-6％，光扩散剂4-9％。所述光学扩散剂可以包括有机硅高分子球形粉末。一般来说，光扩散剂有机硅高分子球形粉末的粒径越小，最终的韧性材料的透光率越高。可选地，所述有机硅高分子球形粉末的平均粒径为1.6μm，密度为1.3g/cm 3，折光率为1.43％。
进一步为了避免韧性材料老化发黄，在一种实施方式中，除上述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、光扩散剂外，所述灯罩的组成材料还包括抗氧剂，所述抗氧剂与所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、光扩散剂总重量的重量比为(0.002-0.004):1。一般来说，抗氧剂的种类很多，在此并不做限制，可以是一种抗氧剂，也可以是多个抗氧剂按一定比例混合而成，可以根据实际情况进行选择，只要能达到灯罩抗氧化的 效果即可。例如，所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168的复配物，两者重量复配比例为1：2。
为了进一步使得所述灯罩具有更佳的韧性、更佳且更均匀的光学透过率以及更好的抗氧化性，在一种实施方式中，所述灯罩的组成材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、光扩散剂和抗氧剂，其中，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂和光扩散剂按重量百分比计分别为：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA树脂)75％，ABS树脂8％，增韧剂5％，相容剂4％，光扩散剂8％，所述抗氧剂与所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、光扩散剂总重量的重量比为0.003：1。
通过在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中加入ABS树脂可以增加灯罩的的韧性和抗冲击能力，在此基础上再加入合适配比的增韧剂与ABS相互辅助使得灯罩具有较高韧性的同时也具有较高的光学透过率；进一步添加相容剂提高各组分之间的相容性，使得灯罩具有均匀的光学透光率和均匀的外观；然后再加入光扩散剂以及抗氧剂，分别改善灯罩的光扩散效果和抗氧化效果。也就是说，本申请实施例提供的灯罩，具有高韧性、高光学透过率、较好的光扩散效果和抗氧化效果。
本申请还提供一种灯罩的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
S101：将各组分物料混合均匀，得到混合物料；
按照配比(例如：当灯罩的组成材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、光扩散剂和抗氧剂时，其中，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂和光扩散剂按重量百分比计分别为：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)70-80％，ABS树脂5-10％，增韧剂3-8％，相容剂3-6％，光扩散剂4-9％；所述抗氧剂与所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ABS树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、光扩散剂总重量的重量比为(0.002-0.004)：1)将各组分物料加入物料混合桶中，使各组分物料混合均 匀。在实际情况中，混合时间可以根据物料混合桶的大小，物料混合桶的转速以及投入的物料量进行设定，在此并不做限制，只要使得各组分物料混合均匀即可。
S102：将所述混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机内混炼，所述混合物料经过混炼后经由所述双螺杆挤出机挤出后，得到制备所述灯罩的韧性材料；
所述混合物料进入双螺杆挤出机后，在转动的双螺杆提供的剪切力的作用下，以及设定的温度下，熔融混合，然后经由双螺杆挤出机挤出，即得制备所述灯罩的韧性材料。220-250℃是一个可以使所述混合物料中各组分物料熔化且不会改性的温度范围，可以根据所述温度范围设定双螺杆挤出机内各段的温度。可选的，第一段至第二段温度设定在220-230℃，第三段至第六段温度设置在240-250℃。将双螺杆挤出机内的温度分两部分进行设定，一部分(第一段至第二段)温度为220-230℃，另一部分(第三段至第六段)温度为240-250℃。设置温度梯度，使得混合物料中的各组分逐步熔化，避免陡然的高温使得组分降解改性。可选地，双螺杆挤出机每段的温度分别为：T1＝220℃，T2＝230℃，T3＝240℃，T4＝245℃，T5＝250℃，T6＝250℃。
在实际情况中，双螺杆挤出机的转速直接影响混合物料中各组分的混合效果，一般来说，双螺杆挤出机转速越大，剪切的速度就越快，会破坏高分子结构，双螺杆挤出机转速越小，剪切的速度就越慢，会导致熔融的混合物料中各组分的混合程度不高，混合效果不好。因此，需要针对混合物料中各组分的性质设置合适的双螺杆挤出机转速。可选地，双螺杆挤出机转速为300～420rpm(每分钟300～420转)。在实际应用中，为了方便后续所述韧性材料的运输和制备灯罩，可将由双螺杆挤出机挤出的韧性材料冷却，切粒。
S103：将所述韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，所述韧性材料经由所述单螺杆挤出板材机挤出后，得到制备所述灯罩的韧性板材；
切粒后的韧性材料进入单螺杆挤出板材机后，在单螺杆挤出板材机设定的温度下，由固体重新变为熔融态，然后在单螺杆的转动下，从单螺杆挤出 板材机内挤出，得到制备所述灯罩的韧性板材。同样的，220-250℃是一个可以使混合物料中各组分熔化且不会改性的温度范围，可以根据所述温度范围设定单螺杆挤出板材机内各段的温度。可选地，单螺杆挤出板材机第一段到第七段温度为215～235℃；第七段到第十二段温度为240～250℃。设置温度梯度，使得混合物料中的各组分逐步熔化，避免陡然的高温使得组分降解改性。
S104：将所述韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，得到所述灯罩。
将得到的韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，板材烘烤温度为260～290℃，烘烤时间：50～55S；吹塑压力：0.3～0.5Mpa，经由吹塑机吹塑成型即可得到所述灯罩。
通过上述制备方法得到的灯罩，可以提高灯罩的韧性和抗冲击能力，进而减小基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)制成的灯罩在运输和使用过程中的破损率。
下面分对比例1和多个示例对本发明实施例进行进一步说明。本发明实施例不限定于以下的具体示例，在不超出本申请记载范围内，可以适当的进行变更实施。
示例1
将70份PMMA树脂、10份ABS树脂、8份增韧剂MDA、8份光扩散剂、4份相容剂SMA、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合桶中使之混合均匀；然后，将所述混合均匀的混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机，双螺杆每段的温度分别为：T1＝220℃，T2＝230℃，T3＝240℃，T4＝245℃，T5＝250℃，T6＝250℃，双螺杆挤出机转速为320rpm；经由双螺杆挤出机挤出后，冷却、切粒，得到韧性材料。将切粒的韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，单螺杆挤出板材机每段的温度为，第一段到第七段温度在215～235℃，第七段到第十二段温度在240～250℃；单螺杆挤出板材机转速为60～70rpm；经由单螺杆挤出板材机 挤出成型，得到韧性板材。将得到韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，韧性板材烘烤温度为260～290℃，烘烤时间为50～55S，吹塑压力为0.3～0.5Mpa，经由吹塑机吹塑成型即可得到灯罩。
示例2
将75份PMMA树脂、5份ABS树脂、8份增韧剂MDA、8份光扩散剂、4份相容剂SMA、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合桶中使之混合均匀；然后，将所述混合均匀的混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机，双螺杆每段的温度分别为：T1＝220℃，T2＝230℃，T3＝240℃，T4＝245℃，T5＝250℃，T6＝250℃，双螺杆挤出机转速为320rpm；经由双螺杆挤出机挤出后，冷却、切粒，得到韧性材料。将切粒的韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，单螺杆挤出板材机每段的温度为，第一段到第七段温度在215～235℃，第七段到第十二段温度在240～250℃；单螺杆挤出板材机转速为60～70rpm；经由单螺杆挤出板材机挤出成型，得到韧性板材。将得到韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，韧性板材烘烤温度为260～290℃，烘烤时间为50～55S，吹塑压力为0.3～0.5Mpa，经由吹塑机吹塑成型即可得到灯罩。
示例3
将75份PMMA树脂、8份ABS树脂、5份增韧剂MDA、8份光扩散剂、4份相容剂SMA、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合桶中使之混合均匀；然后，将所述混合均匀的混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机，双螺杆每段的温度分别为：T1＝220℃，T2＝230℃，T3＝240℃，T4＝245℃，T5＝250℃，T6＝250℃，双螺杆挤出机转速为320rpm；经由双螺杆挤出机挤出后，冷却、切粒，得到韧性材料。将切粒的韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，单螺杆挤出板材机每段的温度为，第一段到第七段温度在215～235℃，第七段到第十二段温度在240～250℃；单螺杆挤出板材机转速为60～70rpm；经由单螺杆挤出板材机挤出成型，得到韧性板材。将得到韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，韧性板材烘烤温度为260～290℃，烘烤时间为50～55S，吹塑压力为0.3～0.5Mpa， 经由吹塑机吹塑成型即可得到灯罩。
示例4
将75份PMMA树脂、10份ABS树脂、3份增韧剂MDA、8份光扩散剂、4份相容剂SMA、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合桶中使之混合均匀；然后，将所述混合均匀的混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机，双螺杆每段的温度分别为：T1＝220℃，T2＝230℃，T3＝240℃，T4＝245℃，T5＝250℃，T6＝250℃，双螺杆挤出机转速为320rpm；经由双螺杆挤出机挤出后，冷却、切粒，得到韧性材料。将切粒的韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，单螺杆挤出板材机每段的温度为，第一段到第七段温度在215～235℃，第七段到第十二段温度在240～250℃；单螺杆挤出板材机转速为60～70rpm；经由单螺杆挤出板材机挤出成型，得到韧性板材。将得到韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，韧性板材烘烤温度为260～290℃，烘烤时间为50～55S，吹塑压力为0.3～0.5Mpa，经由吹塑机吹塑成型即可得到灯罩。
示例5
将80份PMMA树脂、5份ABS树脂、3份增韧剂MDA、8份光扩散剂、4份相容剂SMA、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合桶中使之混合均匀；然后，将所述混合均匀的混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机，双螺杆每段的温度分别为：T1＝220℃，T2＝230℃，T3＝240℃，T4＝245℃，T5＝250℃，T6＝250℃，双螺杆挤出机转速为320rpm；经由双螺杆挤出机挤出后，冷却、切粒，得到韧性材料。将切粒的韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，单螺杆挤出板材机每段的温度为，第一段到第七段温度在215～235℃，第七段到第十二段温度在240～250℃；单螺杆挤出板材机转速为60～70rpm；经由单螺杆挤出板材机挤出成型，得到韧性板材。将得到韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，韧性板材烘烤温度为260～290℃，烘烤时间为50～55S，吹塑压力为0.3～0.5Mpa，经由吹塑机吹塑成型即可得到灯罩。
本申请还针对上述各示例提供一个对比例1，特别地，针对示例5，对比 例1中没有加入增韧剂，其他组分投料情况与示例5一致。
对比例1
将80份PMMA树脂、8份ABS树脂、8份光扩散剂、4份相容剂SMA、0.3份抗氧剂加入到高速混合桶中使之混合均匀；然后，将所述混合均匀的混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机，双螺杆每段的温度分别为：T1＝220℃，T2＝230℃，T3＝240℃，T4＝245℃，T5＝250℃，T6＝250℃，双螺杆挤出机转速为320rpm；经由双螺杆挤出机挤出后，冷却、切粒，得到混合材料。将切粒的韧性材料加入单螺杆板材挤出板材机，单螺杆挤出板材机每段的温度为，第一段到第七段温度在215～235℃，第七段到第十二段温度在240～250℃；单螺杆挤出板材机转速为60～70rpm；经由单螺杆挤出板材机挤出成型，得到混合板材。将得到韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，韧性板材烘烤温度为260～290℃，烘烤时间为50～55S，吹塑压力为0.3～0.5Mpa，经由吹塑机吹塑成型即可得到灯罩。
需要注意的是，由于要对示例1-5以及对比例1进行数据的比较，因此，除组分投料百分比存在差异之外，其他条件均应保持一致。例如，示例1中的单螺杆挤出板材机各段温度为：T1＝215℃、T2＝220℃、T3＝225℃、T4＝230℃、T5＝230℃、T6＝235℃、T7＝235℃、T8＝245℃、T9＝245℃、T10＝250℃、T11＝250℃、T12＝250℃，那么示例2-5以及对比例1中的单螺杆挤出板材机各段温度应该与示例1中一致。
以下对上述示例1-5以及对比例1所得到的样品进行相关性能测试。
将上述示例1-5制备得到的韧性材料以及对比例1制备得到的混合材料注塑成国标标准缺口冲击样条，按国家标准(GB/T 1843-2008)测试抗冲击性能。
将上述示例1-5以及对比例1得到的灯罩进行弹簧冲击强度(GB/T 7000.1-2007)测试。
以上两种测试结果如表1所示：
Figure PCTCN2020133373-appb-000001
表1
由表1的测试数据可以看出，在一定范围内随着增韧剂MDA用量的增大最终合成的材料抗冲击强度明显增加。尤其是，当对比例1中没有添加增韧剂MDA时，混合材料的Izod缺口冲击强度低至1.9KJ/m 2；而加入8份增韧剂的实施例1中的韧性材料的Izod缺口冲击强度高达7.2KJ/m 2，两者具有明显的差异，示例1中的韧性材料的抗冲击能力明显高于对比例1中的混合材料的抗冲击能力。
同样的，灯罩的测试结果也反映了上述结论。特别地，针对示例3和示例4的数据，可以看出，随着增韧剂MDA的减少，灯罩的抗冲击强度减小。当使用IK03冲击(0.35J)进行测试时，示例3和示例4的灯罩均可通过测试，但是当使用强度更高的IK05冲击(0.5J)进行测试时，示例3的灯罩可以通过测试，而示例4的灯罩没有通过测试。
将以上示例1-5制备得到的韧性材料以及对比例1制备得到的混合材料，通过单螺杆挤出板材机制成1.8mm的韧性板材(示例1-5)和混合板材(对比例1)。将示例1-5中的各韧性板材以及对比例1中的混合板材进行光学透过率测试(GB/T2410-2008)。
将示例1-5中的各韧性板材以及对比例1中的混合板材进行吹塑成型，得到灯罩，并将示例1-5中的灯罩以及对比例1中的灯罩，进行光学透过率测试(GB/T2410-2008)。
以上两种测试结果如表2所示：
Figure PCTCN2020133373-appb-000002
表2
由表2的测试数据可以看出，在一定范围内随增韧剂MDA用量的增大，韧性板材的透过率不断降低。
同样的，在一定范围内随增韧剂用量的增大，由韧性板材吹塑而成的灯罩的光学透过率也不断降低。
结合表1和表2的测试数据可以看出，在一定范围内，降低增韧剂MDA的添加量，提高ABS树脂的添加量，或者在一定范围内增加增韧剂MDA的添加量，降低ABS树脂的添加量，得到一个使得灯罩具有较好韧性的同时光学透过率也较高的增韧剂和ABS树脂比例，这时候两者的相互辅助作用发挥的较佳。例如，示例3，相对于示例2而言，示例3在一定范围内降低了增韧剂MDA的添加量，提高了ABS树脂的添加量，相对于示例4而言，示例3在一定范围内增加了增韧剂MDA的添加量，降低了ABS树脂的添加量，使得最终的灯罩具有较理想的抗冲击强度，而示例4中的灯罩在IK05冲击(0.5J)的测试中直接没有通过测试。同时，也使得最终的韧性板材和韧性材料灯罩具有较理想的光学透过率，而示例3中的的韧性板材透过率与灯罩透过率均较低。
综上所述，通过在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中加入增韧剂可以增加灯罩的韧性，在此基础上再加入合适配比的ABS树脂与增韧剂相互辅助使得灯罩具有较高韧性的同时也具有较高的光学透过率率；进一步添加相容剂提 高各组分之间的相容性，使得灯罩具有均匀的透光率和均匀的外观，消除了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)与ABS树脂共混时出现的“珠光”、“起皮”；然后再加入光扩散剂以及抗氧剂，分别改善灯罩的光扩散效果和抗氧化效果。也就是说，也就是说，本申请实施例提供的灯罩，具有高韧性、高光学透过率、较好的光扩散效果和抗氧化效果，在家居照明方面具有广阔的应用前景。
以上仅是本发明的具体应用范例，对本发明的保护范围不构成任何限制。凡采用等同变换或者等效替换而形成的技术方案，均落在本发明权利保护范围之内。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个......”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种灯罩，其中，所述灯罩的组成材料包括ABS树脂和增韧剂中的至少一种，以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的灯罩，其中，所述灯罩的组成材料包括所述ABS树脂和所述增韧剂，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、所述ABS树脂、所述增韧剂按重量百分比计分别为：所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯70％-80％，所述ABS树脂5％-10％，所述增韧剂3％-8％。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的灯罩，其中，所述ABS树脂和所述增韧剂的重量比为m:n，且m:n的取值范围大于1小于2。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的灯罩，其中，所述灯罩的组成材料还包括辅助添加剂，所述辅助添加剂按重量百分比计为7％-15％。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的灯罩，其中，所述辅助添加剂包括相容剂和光扩散剂，所述相容剂和所述光扩散剂按重量百分比计分别为：所述相容剂3％-6％，所述光扩散剂4％-9％。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的灯罩，其中，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、所述ABS树脂、所述增韧剂、所述相容剂、所述光扩散剂按重量百分比计分别为：所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯75％，所述ABS树脂8％，所述增韧剂5％，所述相容剂4％，所述光扩散剂8％。
  7. 如权利要求4或5所述的灯罩，其中，所述灯罩的组成材料还包括抗氧剂，所述抗氧剂与所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、所述ABS树脂、所述增韧剂、所述辅助添加剂总重量的重量比为a:1，其中，a的取值范围为0.002-0.004。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的灯罩，其中，所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的相对分子量为80000～200000g/mol，玻璃化温度为130～140℃；所述ABS树脂的相对分子量为100000～180000g/mol，且所述ABS树脂中各组分重量百分比为：丙烯腈10％～20％，丁二烯25％～50％，苯乙烯35％～70％；所述增韧剂为 丙烯酸类增韧剂，外观为透明粒子，接枝率1.0％-1.3％；所述相容剂为苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物；所述光扩散剂为有机硅高分子球形粉末，平均粒径为1.6μm，密度为1.3g/cm 3，折光率为1.43％；所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的复配物，且所述抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的重量复配比为1：2。
  9. 一种权利要求1所述的灯罩的制备方法，其中，包括下述步骤：
    将各组分物料混合均匀，得到混合物料；
    将所述混合物料加入双螺杆挤出机内混炼，所述混合物料经过混炼后经由所述双螺杆挤出机挤出后，得到制备所述灯罩的韧性材料；
    将所述韧性材料加入单螺杆挤出板材机，所述韧性材料经由所述单螺杆挤出板材机挤出后，得到制备所述灯罩的韧性板材；
    将所述韧性板材在吹塑成型机上进行吹塑成型，得到所述灯罩。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的制备方法，其中，所述双螺杆挤出机共有六段，第一段和第二段的温度为220～230℃，第三段至第六段的温度为240～250℃；所述双螺杆挤出机的转速为每分钟300～420转。
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