WO2021103340A1 - 一种低温超临界发泡工艺 - Google Patents

一种低温超临界发泡工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021103340A1
WO2021103340A1 PCT/CN2020/078154 CN2020078154W WO2021103340A1 WO 2021103340 A1 WO2021103340 A1 WO 2021103340A1 CN 2020078154 W CN2020078154 W CN 2020078154W WO 2021103340 A1 WO2021103340 A1 WO 2021103340A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
low
pressure
foaming process
process according
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PCT/CN2020/078154
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张小海
翟文涛
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福建兴迅新材料科技有限公司
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Application filed by 福建兴迅新材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 福建兴迅新材料科技有限公司
Priority to US17/442,604 priority Critical patent/US20220185981A1/en
Priority to EP20893241.8A priority patent/EP4067419A4/en
Publication of WO2021103340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021103340A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
    • B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent
    • B29C44/3453—Feeding the blowing agent to solid plastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/3469—Cell or pore nucleation
    • B29C44/348—Cell or pore nucleation by regulating the temperature and/or the pressure, e.g. suppression of foaming until the pressure is rapidly decreased
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B29K2021/003—Thermoplastic elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/026—Crosslinking before of after foaming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/032—Impregnation of a formed object with a gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/08—Supercritical fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
    • C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
    • C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
    • C08J2300/22—Thermoplastic resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
    • C08J2300/26—Elastomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08J2323/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of supercritical foaming technology, in particular to a low-temperature supercritical foaming technology, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of a reactor, and make the product have the characteristics of uniform foaming ratio and high consistent performance.
  • Chinese invention patent ZL200580013362.3 discloses a fluoropolymer foam and its preparation method and application.
  • the method includes the following steps: (a) contacting the fluoropolymer resin with at least one inert gas at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure , To drive gas into the resin, (a1) increase the temperature of the resin above its softening point or softening point, wherein steps (a) and (a1) can occur in any order or simultaneously, and ( b) While maintaining the temperature at or above the softening point of the resin, reduce the pressure to expand the resin to produce a closed-cell fluoropolymer foam in which the resin is cross-linked before expansion .
  • the core invention of the above-mentioned invention patent is to contact the fluoropolymer resin with inert gas at high temperature and high pressure, allowing the fluoropolymer resin to absorb a certain amount of these gases, and then reduce the pressure at a temperature higher than the softening point of the resin, so that These resins expand to produce a closed-cell fluoropolymer foam with a very uniform cell size distribution and a high percentage of closed cells.
  • the temperature needs to be increased beyond the softening point of the resin, and in the process of depressurizing the reactor, since most of the hot gas has escaped, the gas needs to be reheated every time the heating is performed.
  • the time is relatively long, which greatly reduces the production efficiency, and the repeated heating and pressure relief process will cause a large amount of heat waste and cause environmental pollution. Under the increasingly severe environmental protection requirements, the operation is very troublesome.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature supercritical foaming process to solve the problems of low reactor utilization efficiency and large heat waste in the prior art.
  • the solution of the present invention is:
  • a low-temperature supercritical foaming process which includes the following steps:
  • the holding temperature of the polyolefin-based material or the thermoplastic elastomer-based material is 5-40°C lower than the melting temperature of the material;
  • the temperature of the tunnel furnace is 10-40° C. higher than the melting temperature of the material, and the secondary foaming time is 5-60 minutes.
  • the polyolefin material in the step 1 is one of PE, PP or EVA materials or a mixture of two or more;
  • the thermoplastic elastomer material in the step 1 is one of TPE, TPU, TPEE or PEBAX Or a mixture of two or more materials.
  • the polyolefin-based material or the thermoplastic elastomer-based material in the step (1) is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent, or cross-linked by irradiation.
  • the at least one inert gas in step 1 is a supercritical fluid, which is nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixed gas of the two, and its holding pressure is 10-70 MPa.
  • the holding pressure of the supercritical fluid is 50-70 MPa.
  • the holding temperature in step 1 is 5-10°C lower than the melting temperature of the material.
  • the pressure holding time in step 1 is 0.5-24 hours.
  • step 2 the pressure reduction in step 2 is achieved by exhausting, and the exhausting speed is 5s-600s.
  • the present invention relates to a low-temperature supercritical foaming process. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the holding temperature of the polyolefin material or thermoplastic elastomer material in the reactor is 5-40°C lower than the melting temperature of the material, that is, the polyolefin material or thermoplastic elastomer material.
  • the inert gas is not released much, the foaming ratio of the material after one foaming is not large, so in the same space in the reactor, more materials can be placed, thereby improving the entire reaction.
  • the utilization efficiency of the kettle further reduces the cost of a single material in the entire production process.
  • the present invention uses a tunnel furnace to perform secondary foaming.
  • One is to cooperate with the previous two steps to perform secondary foaming of the material that retains the inert gas, that is, to allow the inert gas inside the material to be released.
  • the secondary foaming time of the entire tunnel furnace can be set according to the thickness of the material. The thicker the material, the longer the time.
  • the present invention uses a tunnel furnace for secondary foaming. It has the characteristics of continuous foaming, uniform temperature, uniform foaming ratio, good performance consistency, time controllable, low-temperature pressure and high space utilization rate. Continuous, the whole process has high efficiency and low cost.
  • the reactor Due to the relatively low temperature of the reactor, the reactor has been kept at a constant temperature during the whole process, which can greatly save energy and reduce production costs.
  • the present invention relates to a low-temperature supercritical foaming process, which includes the following steps:
  • the holding temperature of the polyolefin-based material or thermoplastic elastomer-based material is 5-40°C lower than the melting temperature of the material; preferably 5-10°C lower than the melting temperature of the material;
  • the holding temperature of the polyolefin material or thermoplastic elastomer material in the reactor is 5-40°C lower than the melting temperature of the material, that is, the polyolefin material or thermoplastic elastomer material
  • the inert gas is not released much, the foaming ratio of the material after one foaming is not large, so in the same space in the reactor, more materials can be placed, thereby improving the entire reaction.
  • the utilization efficiency of the kettle further reduces the cost of a single material in the entire production process.
  • the present invention uses a tunnel furnace to perform secondary foaming.
  • One is to cooperate with the previous two steps to perform secondary foaming of the material that retains the inert gas, that is, to allow the inert gas inside the material to be released.
  • the temperature of the tunnel furnace is 10-40°C higher than the melting temperature of the material, and the secondary foaming time is 5-60 minutes;
  • the secondary foaming time of the entire tunnel furnace can be set according to the thickness of the material. The thicker the material, the longer the time.
  • the invention uses a tunnel furnace for secondary foaming, which has the characteristics of continuous foaming, uniform temperature, uniform foaming ratio, good performance consistency, time controllable, low-temperature pressure and high space utilization rate. Yes, the whole process has high efficiency and low cost.
  • the reaction kettle is always in a constant temperature state during the whole process, which can greatly save energy and reduce production costs.
  • the polyolefin material in step 1 is one of PE, PP or EVA material or a mixture of two or more;
  • the thermoplastic elastomer material in step 1 is TPE, TPU, TPEE or One of PEBAX or a mixture of two or more materials.
  • the polyolefin-based material or the thermoplastic elastomer-based material in the step 1 is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent or radiation cross-linked; of course, the cross-linking operation may not be performed.
  • At least one inert gas in step 1 is a supercritical fluid, which is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or a mixed gas of the two, and its holding pressure is 10-70 MPa, preferably 50-70 MPa .
  • the holding time in step 1 is 0.5-24 hours, and the specific holding time is determined according to the thickness of the material. The higher the material thickness, the longer the holding time.
  • the pressure reduction in step 2 is achieved by exhausting, the exhaust speed is 5s-600s, and the pressure is released to 0 MPa at a time within this time period.
  • the faster the speed the finer the cells and the faster the speed. Slow, the larger the cell size, the exhaust speed can be adjusted according to actual needs during production.

Abstract

本发明公开一种低温超临界发泡工艺，包括如下步骤：①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃；②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度。与现有技术相比，本发明具有生产效率高、节约能源以及提高反应釜利用率的特点。

Description

一种低温超临界发泡工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及超临界发泡工艺领域，具体涉及的是一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其可以大大提高反应釜的利用率，并且让产品具有发泡倍率均匀和产品一致性能高的特点。
背景技术
中国发明专利ZL200580013362.3公开一种含氟聚合物泡沫及其制备方法和应用，其方法包括如下步骤：（a）使含氟聚合物树脂在高于大气压的压力下与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述树脂内，（a1）将所述树脂温度升高到其软化点或软化点之上，其中步骤（a）和（a1）可以以任何顺序发生或同时发生，以及（b）在将温度保持在所述树脂的软化点或软化点之上的同时，降低压力，以使所述树脂膨胀，产生闭孔含氟聚合物泡沫，其中所述树脂在膨胀之前被交联。
上述发明专利核心发明点是让含氟聚合物树脂在高温和高压下与惰性气体接触，让含氟聚合物树脂吸收一定量的这些气体，然后在高于树脂软化点的温度下降低压力，使得这些树脂膨胀，产生出具有非常均匀的孔度分布并且具有高闭孔百分比的闭孔含氟聚合物泡沫。
但是，上述操作方式在实际操作过程中，发现至少存在如下缺点：
一、由于整个过程基本都是在超出树脂软化点的温度下进行操作，即在使所述树脂膨胀时，会造成树脂直接在反应釜中充分膨胀，一次到位，由于反应釜的空间有限，故为了给树脂足够的膨胀空间，只能提高反应釜内相邻树脂之间的间隙，这样会大大降低使得一个反应釜内可以放置树脂的数量，降低了反应釜的利用效率。
二、由于整个过程中需要将温度提高到超出树脂的软化点，而在反应釜泄压的过程中，由于热气大部分都已经跑出，使得每次加温都需要将气体重新加热，整个加热时间比较长，大大降低了生产效率，而且反复加温和泄压的过程会造成大量的热量浪费，并且造成环境污染，在日益严峻的环保要求下，操作起来非常麻烦。
有鉴于此，本申请人针对上述问题苦心研究，遂有本案产生。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种低温超临界发泡工艺，以解决现有技术中存在反应釜利用效率低以及热量浪费大的问题。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：
一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其中，包括如下步骤：
①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；
所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃；
②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；
③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度。
进一步，在所述步骤③中隧道炉的温度高于所述材料熔融温度10-40℃，二次发泡时间为5-60分钟。
进一步，所述步骤①中聚烯烃类材料为PE、PP或者EVA材料之一或者两种或两种以上的混合物；所述步骤①中热塑性弹性体类材料为TPE、TPU、TPEE或PEBAX之一或者两种或两种以上材料的混合物。
进一步，所述步骤①中的聚烯烃类材料或者热塑性弹性体类材料通过交联剂交联处理，或辐照交联处理。
进一步，所述步骤①中的至少一种惰性气体为超临界流体，为氮气、二氧化碳或者二者的混合气体，其保压压力为10-70兆帕。
进一步，所述超临界流体的保压压力为50-70兆帕。
进一步，所述步骤①中的保压温度为低于所述材料的熔融温度5-10℃。
进一步，所述步骤①中的保压时间为0.5-24小时。
进一步，所述步骤②中降低压力采用排气的方式来实现，排气速度为5s-600s。
采用上述结构后，本发明涉及一种低温超临界发泡工艺，与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有如下有益效果：
一、本发明在反应釜中让所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃，即所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在降低压力以完成一次发泡完成之后，材料内部还可以保留较多的惰性气体。同样地，由于惰性气体释放不多，经过一次发泡之后所述材料的发泡倍率也不大，如此在所述反应釜内相等的空间下，将可以放置更多的材料，进而提高整个反应釜的利用效率，进而降低单个材料在整个生产过程中的成本。
二、本发明通过设置隧道炉进行二次发泡，一是和前面两个步骤配合起来，从而将保有惰性气体的材料进行二次发泡，即让位于材料内部的惰性气体可以释放出来，达到二次发泡的目的；在这个隧道炉二次发泡的过程中，隧道炉温度越高，发泡倍率越大，整个隧道炉的二次发泡时间，可以根据材料的厚度来设置，材料越厚，时间越长。
三、本发明采用隧道炉进行二次发泡，其具有连续发泡、温度均匀、发泡倍率均匀、性能一致性好、时间可控、低温载压以及空间利用率高的特点，其由于是连续性的，整个过程效率高和成本低。
四、由于反应釜的温度相对较低，整个过程中反应釜一直处于恒温状态，可以大大节约能源，降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
为了进一步解释本发明的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来对本发明进行详细阐述。
本发明涉及一种低温超临界发泡工艺，包括如下步骤：
①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；
所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃；优选地低于所述材料的熔融温度5-10℃；
②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；
③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度。
如此，本发明在反应釜中让所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃，即所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在降低压力以完成一次发泡完成之后，材料内部还可以保留较多的惰性气体。同样地，由于惰性气体释放不多，经过一次发泡之后所述材料的发泡倍率也不大，如此在所述反应釜内相等的空间下，将可以放置更多的材料，进而提高整个反应釜的利用效率，进而降低单个材料在整个生产过程中的成本。
其次，本发明通过设置隧道炉进行二次发泡，一是和前面两个步骤配合起来，从而将保有惰性气体的材料进行二次发泡，即让位于材料内部的惰性气体可以释放出来，达到二次发泡的目的；作为具体的一种实施例，在所述步骤③中隧道炉的温度高于所述材料熔融温度10-40℃，二次发泡时间为5-60分钟；在这个隧道炉二次发泡的过程中，隧道炉温度越高，发泡倍率越大，整个隧道炉的二次发泡时间，可以根据材料的厚度来设置，材料越厚，时间越长。
本发明采用隧道炉进行二次发泡，其具有连续发泡、温度均匀、发泡倍率均匀、性能一致性好、时间可控、低温载压以及空间利用率高的特点，其由于是连续性的，整个过程效率高和成本低。
本发明由于反应釜的温度相对较低，整个过程中反应釜一直处于恒温状态，可以大大节约能源，降低生产成本。
在本发明中，所述步骤①中聚烯烃类材料为PE、PP或者EVA材料之一或者两种或两种以上的混合物；所述步骤①中热塑性弹性体类材料为TPE、TPU、TPEE或PEBAX之一或者两种或两种以上材料的混合物。
优选地，所述步骤①中的聚烯烃类材料或者热塑性弹性体类材料通过交联剂交联处理，或辐照交联处理；当然也可以不进行交联操作。
在本发明中，所述步骤①中的至少一种惰性气体为超临界流体，为氮气、二氧化碳或者二者的混合气体，其保压压力为10-70兆帕，优选为50-70兆帕。
需要说明的是，所述步骤①中的保压时间为0.5-24小时，具体的保压时间是根据材料的厚薄来决定的，材料厚度越高，其保压时间就越长。
所述步骤②中降低压力采用排气的方式来实现，排气速度为5s-600s，在该时间段内一次将压力释放到0兆帕，速度越快，得到的泡孔越细，速度越慢，得到的泡孔越大，生产时可以根据实际需要来调节排气速度。
上述实施例并非限定本发明的产品形态和式样，任何所属技术领域的普通技术人员对其所做的适当变化或修饰，皆应视为不脱离本发明的专利范畴。

Claims (9)

1.一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；
所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃；
②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；
③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，在所述步骤③中隧道炉的温度高于所述材料熔融温度10-40℃，二次发泡时间为5-60分钟。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中聚烯烃类材料为PE、PP或者EVA材料之一或者两种或两种以上的混合物；所述步骤①中热塑性弹性体类材料为TPE、TPU、TPEE或PEBAX之一或者两种或两种以上材料的混合物。
4.如权利要求1或3所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中的聚烯烃类材料或者热塑性弹性体类材料通过交联剂交联处理，或辐照交联处理。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中的至少一种惰性气体为超临界流体，为氮气、二氧化碳或者二者的混合气体，其保压压力为10-70兆帕。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述超临界流体的保压压力为50-70兆帕。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中的保压温度为低于所述材料的熔融温度5-10℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中的保压时间为0.5-24小时。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤②中降低压力采用排气的方式来实现，排气速度为5s-600s。
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