CN111073023B - 一种低温超临界发泡工艺 - Google Patents

一种低温超临界发泡工艺 Download PDF

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CN111073023B
CN111073023B CN201911172773.7A CN201911172773A CN111073023B CN 111073023 B CN111073023 B CN 111073023B CN 201911172773 A CN201911172773 A CN 201911172773A CN 111073023 B CN111073023 B CN 111073023B
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foaming
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thermoplastic elastomer
polyolefin
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CN111073023A (zh
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张小海
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Fujian Xingxun New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种低温超临界发泡工艺，包括如下步骤：①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5‑40℃；②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度。与现有技术相比，本发明具有生产效率高、节约能源以及提高反应釜利用率的特点。

Description

一种低温超临界发泡工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及超临界发泡工艺领域，具体涉及的是一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其可以大大提高反应釜的利用率，并且让产品具有发泡倍率均匀和产品一致性能高的特点。
背景技术
中国发明专利ZL200580013362.3公开一种含氟聚合物泡沫及其制备方法和应用，其方法包括如下步骤：(a)使含氟聚合物树脂在高于大气压的压力下与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述树脂内，(a1)将所述树脂温度升高到其软化点或软化点之上，其中步骤(a)和(a1)可以以任何顺序发生或同时发生，以及(b)在将温度保持在所述树脂的软化点或软化点之上的同时，降低压力，以使所述树脂膨胀，产生闭孔含氟聚合物泡沫，其中所述树脂在膨胀之前被交联。
上述发明专利核心发明点是让含氟聚合物树脂在高温和高压下与惰性气体接触，让含氟聚合物树脂吸收一定量的这些气体，然后在高于树脂软化点的温度下降低压力，使得这些树脂膨胀，产生出具有非常均匀的孔度分布并且具有高闭孔百分比的闭孔含氟聚合物泡沫。
但是，上述操作方式在实际操作过程中，发现至少存在如下缺点：
一、由于整个过程基本都是在超出树脂软化点的温度下进行操作，即在使所述树脂膨胀时，会造成树脂直接在反应釜中充分膨胀，一次到位，由于反应釜的空间有限，故为了给树脂足够的膨胀空间，只能提高反应釜内相邻树脂之间的间隙，这样会大大降低使得一个反应釜内可以放置树脂的数量，降低了反应釜的利用效率。
二、由于整个过程中需要将温度提高到超出树脂的软化点，而在反应釜泄压的过程中，由于热气大部分都已经跑出，使得每次加温都需要将气体重新加热，整个加热时间比较长，大大降低了生产效率，而且反复加温和泄压的过程会造成大量的热量浪费，并且造成环境污染，在日益严峻的环保要求下，操作起来非常麻烦。
有鉴于此，本申请人针对上述问题苦心研究，遂有本案产生。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种低温超临界发泡工艺，以解决现有技术中存在反应釜利用效率低以及热量浪费大的问题。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：
一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其中，包括如下步骤：
①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；
所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃；
②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；
③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度。
进一步，在所述步骤③中隧道炉的温度高于所述材料熔融温度10-40℃，二次发泡时间为5-60分钟。
进一步，所述步骤①中聚烯烃类材料为PE、PP或者EVA材料之一或者两种或两种以上的混合物；所述步骤①中热塑性弹性体类材料为TPE、TPU、TPEE或PEBAX之一或者两种或两种以上材料的混合物。
进一步，所述步骤①中的聚烯烃类材料或者热塑性弹性体类材料通过交联剂交联处理，或辐照交联处理。
进一步，所述步骤①中的至少一种惰性气体为超临界流体，为氮气、二氧化碳或者二者的混合气体，其保压压力为10-70兆帕。
进一步，所述超临界流体的保压压力为50-70兆帕。
进一步，所述步骤①中的保压温度为低于所述材料的熔融温度5-10℃。
进一步，所述步骤①中的保压时间为0.5-24小时。
进一步，所述步骤②中降低压力采用排气的方式来实现，排气速度为5s-600s。
采用上述结构后，本发明涉及一种低温超临界发泡工艺，与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有如下有益效果：
一、本发明在反应釜中让所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃，即所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在降低压力以完成一次发泡完成之后，材料内部还可以保留较多的惰性气体。同样地，由于惰性气体释放不多，经过一次发泡之后所述材料的发泡倍率也不大，如此在所述反应釜内相等的空间下，将可以放置更多的材料，进而提高整个反应釜的利用效率，进而降低单个材料在整个生产过程中的成本。
二、本发明通过设置隧道炉进行二次发泡，一是和前面两个步骤配合起来，从而将保有惰性气体的材料进行二次发泡，即让位于材料内部的惰性气体可以释放出来，达到二次发泡的目的；在这个隧道炉二次发泡的过程中，隧道炉温度越高，发泡倍率越大，整个隧道炉的二次发泡时间，可以根据材料的厚度来设置，材料越厚，时间越长。
三、本发明采用隧道炉进行二次发泡，其具有连续发泡、温度均匀、发泡倍率均匀、性能一致性好、时间可控、低温载压以及空间利用率高的特点，其由于是连续性的，整个过程效率高和成本低。
四、由于反应釜的温度相对较低，整个过程中反应釜一直处于恒温状态，可以大大节约能源，降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
为了进一步解释本发明的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来对本发明进行详细阐述。
本发明涉及一种低温超临界发泡工艺，包括如下步骤：
①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；
所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃；优选地低于所述材料的熔融温度5-10℃；
②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；
③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度。
如此，本发明在反应釜中让所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃，即所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在降低压力以完成一次发泡完成之后，材料内部还可以保留较多的惰性气体。同样地，由于惰性气体释放不多，经过一次发泡之后所述材料的发泡倍率也不大，如此在所述反应釜内相等的空间下，将可以放置更多的材料，进而提高整个反应釜的利用效率，进而降低单个材料在整个生产过程中的成本。
其次，本发明通过设置隧道炉进行二次发泡，一是和前面两个步骤配合起来，从而将保有惰性气体的材料进行二次发泡，即让位于材料内部的惰性气体可以释放出来，达到二次发泡的目的；作为具体的一种实施例，在所述步骤③中隧道炉的温度高于所述材料熔融温度10-40℃，二次发泡时间为5-60分钟；在这个隧道炉二次发泡的过程中，隧道炉温度越高，发泡倍率越大，整个隧道炉的二次发泡时间，可以根据材料的厚度来设置，材料越厚，时间越长。
本发明采用隧道炉进行二次发泡，其具有连续发泡、温度均匀、发泡倍率均匀、性能一致性好、时间可控、低温载压以及空间利用率高的特点，其由于是连续性的，整个过程效率高和成本低。
本发明由于反应釜的温度相对较低，整个过程中反应釜一直处于恒温状态，可以大大节约能源，降低生产成本。
在本发明中，所述步骤①中聚烯烃类材料为PE、PP或者EVA材料之一或者两种或两种以上的混合物；所述步骤①中热塑性弹性体类材料为TPE、TPU、TPEE或PEBAX之一或者两种或两种以上材料的混合物。
优选地，所述步骤①中的聚烯烃类材料或者热塑性弹性体类材料通过交联剂交联处理，或辐照交联处理；当然也可以不进行交联操作。
在本发明中，所述步骤①中的至少一种惰性气体为超临界流体，为氮气、二氧化碳或者二者的混合气体，其保压压力为10-70兆帕，优选为50-70兆帕。
需要说明的是，所述步骤①中的保压时间为0.5-24小时，具体的保压时间是根据材料的厚薄来决定的，材料厚度越高，其保压时间就越长。
所述步骤②中降低压力采用排气的方式来实现，排气速度为5s-600s，在该时间段内一次将压力释放到0兆帕，速度越快，得到的泡孔越细，速度越慢，得到的泡孔越大，生产时可以根据实际需要来调节排气速度。
上述实施例并非限定本发明的产品形态和式样，任何所属技术领域的普通技术人员对其所做的适当变化或修饰，皆应视为不脱离本发明的专利范畴。

Claims (4)

1.一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
①采用聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在高于大气压压力的反应釜中与至少一种惰性气体接触，以驱使气体进入所述材料内；
所述聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料的保压温度低于所述材料的熔融温度5-40℃；所述步骤①中的至少一种惰性气体为超临界流体，为氮气、二氧化碳或者二者的混合气体；所述超临界流体的保压压力为50-70兆帕；
②降低压力，使所述材料膨胀，产生一次发泡材料并将一次发泡材料取出；采用排气的方式来实现，排气时间为5s-600s；聚烯烃类材料或热塑性弹性体类材料在降低压力以完成一次发泡完成之后，材料内部还可以保留较多的惰性气体；
③将一次发泡材料取出，投入到隧道炉中进行二次发泡，所述隧道炉的温度高于所述材料的熔融温度；在所述步骤③中隧道炉的温度高于所述材料熔融温度10-40℃，二次发泡时间为5-60分钟。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中聚烯烃类材料为PE、PP材料之一或者两种的混合物；所述步骤①中热塑性弹性体类材料为TPE、TPU、TPEE或PEBAX之一或者两种以上材料的混合物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中的聚烯烃类材料或者热塑性弹性体类材料通过交联剂交联处理，或辐照交联处理。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种低温超临界发泡工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤①中的保压时间为0.5-24小时。
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