WO2021098420A1 - 一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法 - Google Patents

一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2021098420A1
WO2021098420A1 PCT/CN2020/121477 CN2020121477W WO2021098420A1 WO 2021098420 A1 WO2021098420 A1 WO 2021098420A1 CN 2020121477 W CN2020121477 W CN 2020121477W WO 2021098420 A1 WO2021098420 A1 WO 2021098420A1
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treated
laser cladding
laser
magnesium alloy
wheel hub
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PCT/CN2020/121477
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English (en)
French (fr)
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佟林
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中信戴卡股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/775,438 priority Critical patent/US20220402077A1/en
Priority to KR1020227011162A priority patent/KR102661860B1/ko
Publication of WO2021098420A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021098420A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
    • B23K26/1437—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for flow rate control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
    • C23G1/22—Light metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/15—Magnesium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
    • B60B2310/60—Surface treatment; After treatment
    • B60B2310/616—Coating with thin films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
    • B60B2310/60—Surface treatment; After treatment
    • B60B2310/64—Effect of treatments
    • B60B2310/654—Anti-corrosive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints

Definitions

  • the invention relates to metal surface treatment, in particular to a surface treatment method of a magnesium alloy wheel hub.
  • Laser Cladding also known as laser cladding or laser cladding, is a new surface modification technology. It adds a cladding material on the surface of the substrate and uses a high-energy density laser beam to fuse it with the thin layer of the substrate surface to form a metallurgical bonding additive cladding layer on the surface of the substrate. Compared with painting, electroplating, chemical plating, vacuum coating and vapor deposition, laser cladding has higher hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and also has the advantages of low cost and more environmental protection
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment method for a magnesium alloy wheel hub to avoid pores.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface treatment method for a magnesium alloy wheel hub, and the method includes the following steps:
  • Laser cladding is performed on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment.
  • the laser cladding method is synchronous powder feeding, and the coating material is chromium.
  • the cleaning of the surface to be treated of the magnesium alloy wheel hub includes:
  • the sand particles polish the surface to be treated to remove the oxide scale on the surface to be treated.
  • the washing the surface to be treated with water includes:
  • the cleaning the surface to be treated with ultrasonic waves includes:
  • the sand grinding the surface to be treated to remove the oxide scale on the surface to be treated includes:
  • the laser cladding on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment includes:
  • laser cladding is performed on the surface to be processed.
  • the laser cladding on the surface to be processed under the protection of helium gas includes:
  • the laser cladding on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment includes:
  • the laser cladding on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment includes:
  • the powder feeding amount of the coating material 5-15g/s.
  • the laser cladding on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment includes:
  • the overlap rate of laser cladding 80%.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a surface treatment method for a magnesium alloy wheel hub.
  • the method includes cleaning the surface to be treated of the magnesium alloy wheel hub; performing blackening treatment on the cleaned surface to be treated; and blackening the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment.
  • Laser cladding is performed.
  • the method of laser cladding is synchronous powder feeding, and the coating material is chromium; it can be seen that in the surface treatment method of magnesium alloy wheels provided in the embodiment of the present invention, chromium is selected as the coating material according to the material of the magnesium alloy. , And through the synchronous powder feeding method, it can avoid the appearance of pores.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a surface treatment method for a magnesium alloy wheel hub according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a more specific flow diagram of the surface treatment method of a magnesium alloy wheel hub according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a surface treatment method of a magnesium alloy wheel hub, and the method may include the following steps:
  • Laser cladding is performed on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment.
  • the laser cladding method is synchronous powder feeding, and the coating material is chromium.
  • chromium is selected as the coating material according to the material of the magnesium alloy, and the simultaneous powder feeding method can avoid the occurrence of pores.
  • the cleaning of the surface to be treated of the magnesium alloy wheel hub may include:
  • the sand particles polish the surface to be treated to remove the oxide scale on the surface to be treated. In this way, the cleaning is cleaner, the surface to be treated is smoother, and the laser cladding effect is better, which is a better way.
  • the washing the surface to be treated with water may include:
  • cleaning the surface to be treated with ultrasonic waves may include:
  • the sand grinding the surface to be treated to remove the oxide scale on the surface to be treated may include:
  • the oxide scale on the surface to be treated can be removed, so that the laser cladding effect is better.
  • the oxide scale can be removed while cleaning, and the efficiency is higher.
  • the laser cladding of the surface to be processed after the blackening treatment may include:
  • laser cladding is performed on the surface to be processed. In this way, it is a better way to prevent the oxidation and combustion of the magnesium alloy that may occur during the laser scanning process.
  • the laser cladding of the surface to be processed under the protection of helium gas may include:
  • the protection is more comprehensive and has no effect on laser cladding, which is a better way.
  • performing laser cladding on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment may include:
  • performing laser cladding on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment may include:
  • the powder feeding amount of the coating material 5-15g/s. As mentioned above, this can also achieve: Fully melt the coating material, but will not cause excessive residual stress on the substrate, low dilution rate, and avoid cracks.
  • the powder feeding amount of the coating material has a certain corresponding relationship with the laser power, the spot diameter, and the linear speed of the laser scanning.
  • the above-mentioned process parameters as long as the above-mentioned process parameters are within the above-mentioned range, the effect of laser cladding is all It meets the requirements.
  • performing laser cladding on the surface to be treated after the blackening treatment may include:
  • the overlap rate of laser cladding 80%. In this way, the surface roughness after laser cladding is better, which is a better way.
  • This embodiment provides a laser cladding method for a magnesium alloy wheel hub. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 Clean the surface to be treated of the magnesium alloy wheel hub
  • Step 102 Perform blackening treatment on the cleaned surface to be treated
  • Step 103 Perform laser cladding on the surface to be processed after the blackening treatment, the laser cladding method is a synchronous powder feeding type, and the coating material is chromium.
  • Step 201 Soaking in alkaline water. Soak the surface to be treated with alkaline water, soaking time: 6 minutes.
  • Step 202 Pure water cleaning. Wash the surface to be treated with pure water several times.
  • the pure water here is ordinary water, which is different from the alkaline water above.
  • Step 203 ultrasonic cleaning. Put the magnesium alloy wheel hub in alcohol, and then put it into an ultrasonic cleaning machine to clean the surface to be treated.
  • the cleaning time 5 minutes.
  • Step 204 Dry with hot air. Dry the surface to be treated with hot air, generally by a hot air blower.
  • Step 205 Remove oxide scale. Through the water sandblasting equipment, water and sand particles are sprayed out, and the surface to be treated is polished by the sand particles to remove the oxide scale and further clean.
  • Step 206 Blackening treatment.
  • Blackening treatment is performed on the cleaned surface to be treated.
  • the blackening treatment helps to increase the absorption rate of the laser, making the laser cladding more efficient and more energy-saving.
  • the raw material for the blackening treatment is carbon ink or colloidal graphite solution.
  • the blackening method is to make it adhere to the surface to be treated by brushing or spraying.
  • Step 207 Laser cladding. First, place the blackened magnesium alloy wheel in a protective box filled with helium gas, and then perform laser scanning and synchronous powder feeding on the surface to be treated, that is, while scanning the laser, spray chromium powder on the surface to be treated.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 2KW, spot diameter: 4mm, laser scanning speed: 20mm/min, powder feeding rate: 9g/s, overlap rate: 80%.
  • helium In order to further prevent possible oxidation and combustion of magnesium alloys, in addition to the protective box being filled with helium, helium must be injected into the laser scanning position.
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 58 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • the magnesium alloy wheels processed by the above steps can achieve the following performances:
  • Bonding strength The bonding strength between the laser cladding layer and the substrate can be as high as 450MPa or more.
  • Corrosion resistance copper salt accelerated acetic acid salt spray (CASS) test, exceeding 168h.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 2KW, spot diameter: 4mm, laser scanning speed: 22mm/min, powder feeding rate: 8g/s, overlap rate: 80% .
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 60 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • step 201 the immersion time: 8 minutes.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 3KW, spot diameter: 4mm, laser scanning speed: 25mm/min, powder feeding rate: 12g/s, overlap rate: 80%.
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 58 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • step 201 the immersion time: 8 minutes.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 4KW, spot diameter: 4mm, laser scanning speed: 19mm/min, powder feeding rate: 10g/s, overlap rate: 80%.
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 60 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • step 201 the immersion time: 7 minutes.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 3.5 KW, spot diameter: 4 mm, laser scanning speed: 18 mm/min, powder feeding rate: 15 g/s, overlap rate: 80%.
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 55 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • step 201 the immersion time: 8 minutes.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 2.5KW, spot diameter: 4mm, laser scanning speed: 23mm/min, powder feeding rate: 5g/s, overlap rate: 80%.
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 62 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • step 201 the immersion time: 7 minutes.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 3KW, spot diameter: 4mm, laser scanning speed: 21mm/min, powder feeding rate: 11g/s, overlap rate: 80%.
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 56 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • the process parameters of laser cladding include: laser power: 3.5 KW, spot diameter: 4 mm, laser scanning speed: 22 mm/min, powder feeding rate: 10 g/s, overlap rate: 80%.
  • the angle between the airflow and the surface to be treated is 58 degrees, and the gas flow rate: 12L/Min.
  • laser cladding magnesium alloy wheels have higher hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • the magnesium alloy wheels in the above embodiments are combined with The electroplated magnesium alloy wheels were tested for corrosion resistance together. The specific results are as follows:
  • Test name Copper salt accelerated acetic acid salt spray (CASS) test
  • Example one No corrosion No change No significant changes intact
  • Example two No corrosion No change No significant changes intact
  • Example three No corrosion No change No significant changes intact
  • Example four No corrosion No change No significant changes intact
  • Example five No corrosion No change No significant changes intact
  • Example Six No corrosion No change No significant changes intact
  • Example Seven No corrosion No change No significant changes intact
  • Example eight No corrosion No change No significant changes intact Electroplating products No corrosion No significant changes there are visible corrosion spots Invalidation
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, it may be an electrical connection, or it may be a connection between two components, it may be directly connected, or through an intermediate The media are indirectly connected, and those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms according to specific circumstances.
  • first ⁇ second ⁇ third involved in the embodiments of the present invention only distinguishes similar objects and does not represent a specific order for the objects. Understandably, “first ⁇ second ⁇ third” The specific order or precedence can be interchanged when permitted.

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Abstract

一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，所述工艺包括：清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面；在清洁后的待处理表面做黑化处理；对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆的方式为同步送粉式，涂层材料为铬。所述表面处理方法，能避免出现气孔。

Description

一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及金属表面处理，具体涉及一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法。
背景技术
激光熔覆(Laser Cladding)亦称激光包覆或激光熔覆，是一种新的表面改性技术。它通过在基材表面添加熔覆材料，并利用高能密度的激光束使之与基材表面薄层一起熔凝的方法，在基层表面形成与其为冶金结合的添料熔覆层。与涂装、电镀、化学镀、真空镀膜和气相沉积相比，激光熔覆具有更高的硬度、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性，且还具有成本低、更环保的优点
因此，在车辆镁合金轮毂的表面处理中，也开始采用激光熔覆技术，但是，现有车辆镁合金轮毂的激光熔覆技术还不够成熟，表面处理后的轮毂容易出现气孔。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，避免出现气孔。
为达到上述目的，本发明实施例提供了一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面；
在清洁后的待处理表面做黑化处理；
对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆的方式为同步送粉式，涂层材料为铬。
上述方案中，所述清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面，包括：
用水清洗所述待处理表面；
用超声波清洗所述待处理表面；
沙粒打磨待处理表面，将待处理表面的氧化皮除去。
上述方案中，所述用水清洗所述待处理表面，包括：
用碱水浸洗所述待处理表面，浸洗时间：6～8分钟；
用纯水清洗所述待处理表面。
上述方案中，所述用超声波清洗所述待处理表面，包括：
将镁合金轮毂置于酒精中，然后再放入超声波清洗机，清洗所述待处理表面，清洗时间：5分钟；
用热风吹干所述待处理表面。
上述方案中，所述沙粒打磨待处理表面，将待处理表面的氧化皮除去，包括：
通过水喷砂设备，喷出水和沙粒，通过沙粒打磨待处理表面。
上述方案中，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
在氦气的保护下，对所述待处理表面进行激光熔覆。
上述方案中，所述在氦气的保护下，对所述待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
将镁合金轮毂至于充满氦气的保护箱内；
在激光扫描待处理表面的同时，通过吹气装置对所述待处理表面喷吹氦气，气流与待处理表面的夹角为55～62度，气体流量：12L/Min。
上述方案中，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
用光纤激光器进行激光熔覆，激光功率：2kW-4kW，光斑直径为4mm，激光扫描的线速度为：18-25mm/min。
上述方案中，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
激光熔覆的过程中，涂层材料的送粉量：5-15g/s。
上述方案中，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
激光熔覆的搭接率为：80％。
本发明实施例提供了一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，所述方法包括清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面；在清洁后的待处理表面做黑化处理；对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆的方式为同步送粉式，涂层材料为铬；可见，本发明实施例提供的镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，根据镁合金的材质，选择铬作为涂层材料，而且通过同步送粉方式，能避免出现气孔。
本发明实施例的其他有益效果将在具体实施方式中结合具体技术方案进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明实施例镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法的更具体的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，所述方法可以包括如下步骤：
清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面；
在清洁后的待处理表面做黑化处理；
对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆的方式为同步送粉式，涂层材料为铬。
本发明实施例提供的镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，根据镁合金的材质，选择铬作为涂层材料，而且通过同步送粉方式，能避免出现气孔。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面，可以包括：
用水清洗所述待处理表面；
用超声波清洗所述待处理表面；
沙粒打磨待处理表面，将待处理表面的氧化皮除去。这样，清洗的更干净，且使待处理表面更光滑，使激光熔覆效果更好，是更佳的方式。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述用水清洗所述待处理表面，可以包括：
用碱水浸洗所述待处理表面，浸洗时间：6～8分钟；
用纯水清洗所述待处理表面。这样，能更好的去除油污，使激光熔覆效果更好，是更佳的方式。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，用超声波清洗所述待处理表面，可以包括：
将镁合金轮毂置于酒精中，然后再放入超声波清洗机，清洗所述待处理表面，清洗时间：5分钟；
用热风吹干所述待处理表面。这样，能进一步除去待处理表面的油污，也能将刚才的碱水残留去除。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述沙粒打磨待处理表面，将待处理表面的氧化皮除去，可以包括：
通过水喷砂设备，喷出水和沙粒，通过沙粒打磨待处理表面。这样，可以去除待处理表面的氧化皮，使激光熔覆效果更好，通过喷水的方式，可以边除氧化皮，边清洁，效率更高。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，可以包括：
在氦气的保护下，对所述待处理表面进行激光熔覆。这样，可以防止激光扫描过程中，可能产生的镁合金的氧化和燃烧，是更佳的方式。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，所述在氦气的保护下，对所述待处理表面进行激光熔覆，可以包括：
将镁合金轮毂至于充满氦气的保护箱内；
在激光扫描待处理表面的同时，通过吹气装置对所述待处理表面喷吹氦气，气流与待处理表面的夹角为55～62度，气体流量：12L/Min。这样，保护更全面，且对激光熔覆没有什么影响，是更佳的方式。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，可以包括：
用光纤激光器进行激光熔覆，激光功率：2kW-4kW，光斑直径为4mm，激 光扫描的线速度为：18-25mm/min。这样，能充分熔化涂层材料，但又不会使基材产生过多的残余应力，稀释率低，避免出现裂纹，是更佳的方式。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，可以包括：
激光熔覆的过程中，涂层材料的送粉量：5-15g/s。同上所述，这样也能起到：充分熔化涂层材料，但又不会使基材产生过多的残余应力，稀释率低，避免出现裂纹。涂层材料的送粉量和激光功率、光斑直径、激光扫描的线速度均有一定的对应关系，但是，经过多次试验，上述工艺参数，只要在上述范围内，其激光熔覆的效果均是符合要求的。
在本发明的另一些实施例中，对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，可以包括：
激光熔覆的搭接率为：80％。这样，激光熔覆后的表面粗糙度更好，是更佳的方式。
有关本发明的详细技术方案，下面将结合附图和具体实施例进行说明，应该理解，所附附图及实施例仅用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明。
实施例一
本实施例提供了一种镁合金轮毂的激光熔覆方法，如图1所示，所述方法包括如下步骤：
步骤101：清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面；
步骤102：在清洁后的待处理表面做黑化处理；
步骤103：对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆的方式为同步送粉式，涂层材料为铬。
所述方法在具体实施时，会有更具体的流程，如图2所示:
步骤201：碱水浸洗。用碱水浸洗所述待处理表面，浸洗时间：6分钟。
步骤202：纯水清洗。用纯水多次清洗所述待处理表面，这里的纯水是普通的水，区别于上面的碱水。
步骤203：超声波清洗。将镁合金轮毂置于酒精中，然后再放入超声波清 洗机，清洗所述待处理表面，清洗时间：5分钟。
步骤204：热风吹干。用热风吹干所述待处理表面，一般通过热风机吹干。
步骤205：去除氧化皮。通过水喷砂设备，喷出水和沙粒，通过沙粒打磨待处理表面，去除氧化皮，进一步清洁。
步骤206：黑化处理。在清洁后的待处理表面做黑化处理，黑化处理有助于提高对激光的吸收率，使激光熔覆的效率更高，也更节能。黑化处理的原材料为碳素墨汁或胶体石墨溶液，黑化的方式是通过涂刷或喷涂的方法使其附着在待处理表面。
步骤207：激光熔覆。先将黑化处理后的镁合金轮毂置于充满氦气的保护箱内，然后对待处理表面进行激光扫描并同步送粉，即在激光扫描的同时，同时对待处理表面喷送铬粉。激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：2KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：20mm/min，送粉量：9g/s，搭接率：80％。
为了进一步阻止可能产生的镁合金的氧化和燃烧，除了保护箱充满氦气，还需要对激光扫描处喷吹氦气，气流与待处理表面的夹角为58度，气体流量：12L/Min。
经过上述步骤处理后的镁合金轮毂，可以达到如下性能：
1)结合强度：激光熔覆层与基体结合强度可高达450MPa以上。
2)孔隙率：孔隙率0.5％。
3)稀释率：1.5％以下；
4)耐腐蚀性能：铜盐加速醋酸盐雾(CASS)试验，超过168h。
实施例二
本实施例的工艺流程内容除了一部分不同于实施例一外，其余内容均同实施例一，下面只介绍这一部分不同的内容，流程示意图不再另行示出。
本实施例中，在步骤207中，激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：2KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：22mm/min，送粉量：8g/s，搭接率：80％。气流与待处理表面的夹角为60度，气体流量：12L/Min。
实施例三
本实施例的工艺流程内容除了一部分不同于实施例一外，其余内容均同实施例一，下面只介绍这一部分不同的内容，流程示意图不再另行示出。
本实施例中，在步骤201中，浸洗时间：8分钟。
在步骤207中，激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：3KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：25mm/min，送粉量：12g/s，搭接率：80％。气流与待处理表面的夹角为58度，气体流量：12L/Min。
实施例四
本实施例的工艺流程内容除了一部分不同于实施例一外，其余内容均同实施例一，下面只介绍这一部分不同的内容，流程示意图不再另行示出。
本实施例中，在步骤201中，浸洗时间：8分钟。
在步骤207中，激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：4KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：19mm/min，送粉量：10g/s，搭接率：80％。气流与待处理表面的夹角为60度，气体流量：12L/Min。
实施例五
本实施例的工艺流程内容除了一部分不同于实施例一外，其余内容均同实施例一，下面只介绍这一部分不同的内容，流程示意图不再另行示出。
本实施例中，在步骤201中，浸洗时间：7分钟。
在步骤207中，激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：3.5KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：18mm/min，送粉量：15g/s，搭接率：80％。气流与待处理表面的夹角为55度，气体流量：12L/Min。
实施例六
本实施例的工艺流程内容除了一部分不同于实施例一外，其余内容均同实施例一，下面只介绍这一部分不同的内容，流程示意图不再另行示出。
本实施例中，在步骤201中，浸洗时间：8分钟。
在步骤207中，激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：2.5KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：23mm/min，送粉量：5g/s，搭接率：80％。气流与待处理表面的夹角为62度，气体流量：12L/Min。
实施例七
本实施例的工艺流程内容除了一部分不同于实施例一外，其余内容均同实施例一，下面只介绍这一部分不同的内容，流程示意图不再另行示出。
本实施例中，在步骤201中，浸洗时间：7分钟。
在步骤207中，激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：3KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：21mm/min，送粉量：11g/s，搭接率：80％。气流与待处理表面的夹角为56度，气体流量：12L/Min。
实施例八
本实施例的工艺流程内容除了一部分不同于实施例一外，其余内容均同实施例一，下面只介绍这一部分不同的内容，流程示意图不再另行示出。
在步骤207中，激光熔覆的工艺参数包括：激光功率：3.5KW，光斑直径：4mm，激光扫描速度：22mm/min，送粉量：10g/s，搭接率：80％。气流与待处理表面的夹角为58度，气体流量：12L/Min。
相比电镀处理的镁合金轮毂，激光熔覆的镁合金轮毂具有更高的硬度、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性，为了验证激光熔覆的镁合金轮毂，将上述实施例中的镁合金轮毂和电镀的镁合金轮毂一起进行耐腐蚀方面的试验，具体结果如下：
试验名称：铜盐加速醋酸盐雾(CASS)试验；
氯化钠含量：50±5g/l
PH值：3.1-3.3
温度：50±2℃
喷盐量：1.0-2.0ml/h
CuCl2.2H2O含量：0.26±0.02g/l
试验时间：66h/120h/168h
检测标准：GMW15774
试验结果如表1所示：
试验品 66h 120h 168h 结果
实施例一 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
实施例二 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
实施例三 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
实施例四 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
实施例五 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
实施例六 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
实施例七 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
实施例八 无腐蚀 无变化 无明显变化 完好
电镀产品 无腐蚀 无明显变化 有可见腐蚀点 失效
表1
在本发明实施例记载中，除非另有说明和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是电连接，也可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
本发明实施例中如有涉及的术语“第一\第二\第三”，仅是区别类似的对象，不代表针对对象的特定排序，可以理解地，“第一\第二\第三”在允许的情况下可以互换特定的顺序或先后次序。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一实施例”或“一些实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本发明的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一实施例中”或“在一些实施例中”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。应理解，在本发明的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例的具体说明，并非用以限定本发明的 保护范围，其它任何等效变换均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种镁合金轮毂的表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面；
    在清洁后的待处理表面做黑化处理；
    对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆的方式为同步送粉式，涂层材料为铬。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述清洁镁合金轮毂的待处理表面，包括：
    用水清洗所述待处理表面；
    用超声波清洗所述待处理表面；
    沙粒打磨待处理表面，将待处理表面的氧化皮除去。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用水清洗所述待处理表面，包括：
    用碱水浸洗所述待处理表面，浸洗时间：6～8分钟；
    用纯水清洗所述待处理表面。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用超声波清洗所述待处理表面，包括：
    将镁合金轮毂置于酒精中，然后再放入超声波清洗机，清洗所述待处理表面，清洗时间：5分钟；
    用热风吹干所述待处理表面。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述沙粒打磨待处理表面，将待处理表面的氧化皮除去，包括：
    通过水喷砂设备，喷出水和沙粒，通过沙粒打磨待处理表面。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
    在氦气的保护下，对所述待处理表面进行激光熔覆。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在氦气的保护下，对所述待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
    将镁合金轮毂至于充满氦气的保护箱内；
    在激光扫描待处理表面的同时，通过吹气装置对所述待处理表面喷吹氦气，气流与待处理表面的夹角为55～62度，气体流量：12L/Min。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
    用光纤激光器进行激光熔覆，激光功率：2kW-4kW，光斑直径为4mm，激光扫描的线速度为：18-25mm/min。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
    激光熔覆的过程中，涂层材料的送粉量：5-15g/s。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对黑化处理后的待处理表面进行激光熔覆，包括：
    激光熔覆的搭接率为：80％。
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