WO2021073355A1 - 发动机的可变气门驱动装置及发动机 - Google Patents

发动机的可变气门驱动装置及发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021073355A1
WO2021073355A1 PCT/CN2020/116234 CN2020116234W WO2021073355A1 WO 2021073355 A1 WO2021073355 A1 WO 2021073355A1 CN 2020116234 W CN2020116234 W CN 2020116234W WO 2021073355 A1 WO2021073355 A1 WO 2021073355A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
cam
side rocker
valve
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/116234
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姬腾飞
Original Assignee
姬腾飞
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 姬腾飞 filed Critical 姬腾飞
Priority to DE112020004972.8T priority Critical patent/DE112020004972T5/de
Publication of WO2021073355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021073355A1/zh
Priority to US17/659,316 priority patent/US20220235678A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L2001/186—Split rocking arms, e.g. rocker arms having two articulated parts and means for varying the relative position of these parts or for selectively connecting the parts to move in unison
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
    • F01L2001/467—Lost motion springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
    • F01L2305/02—Mounting of rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to a variable valve drive device of an engine.
  • the present invention also relates to an engine having the variable valve drive device.
  • variable valve technologies realize the variable valve lift or valve timing through different structural designs and control methods, so as to achieve better performance or realization of the engine.
  • a known type of variable valve technology is to set cams of different contours on the camshaft of the engine, and switch the control device to obtain the drive lift of the cams of different contours through the control device.
  • One of them is to set a slidable cam on the camshaft, and use the control device to make the cam slide to switch between different cams, such as Audi’s AVS device, and to set different rocker arms to control the rocker mechanism to connect when needed.
  • the valve lift switch can be realized together, such as Hyundai's VTEC device, and the valve drive and valve stop can be realized by installing mechanical or hydraulic components in the valve drive device and locking and releasing the mechanical or hydraulic components.
  • the above-mentioned variable valve devices still have the following shortcomings: 1. Most of them are used in gasoline engines with small valve train load, and it is difficult to apply them to heavy-duty diesel engines; 2. Multiple control valves (such as AVS devices) are required. The structure is more complicated, the cost is high, or the change of valve lift has limitations (such as VTEC device); 3.
  • the valve drive device is easily affected by oil temperature, viscosity, leakage, etc. when hydraulic components are used in the valve drive device, and the valve lift accuracy It is difficult to guarantee.
  • the present invention provides a variable valve drive device for an engine, which transmits the corresponding cam lift to the valve side rocker arm by controlling different cam side rocker arms
  • the variable valve is realized, the device has a simple structure and low cost, and is especially suitable for the application of heavy-duty engines.
  • the present invention provides a variable valve drive device for an engine, which includes a rocker arm mechanism, a camshaft, a rocker shaft and a solenoid valve.
  • the rocker arm mechanism is a combined rocker arm mechanism, and the combined rocker arm mechanism includes One valve side rocker arm and at least one cam side rocker arm, both the valve side rocker arm and the cam side rocker arm are provided with a rocker shaft mounting hole, the valve side rocker arm and the cam side rocker arm are side by side It is installed on the rocker arm shaft and can be rotated on the rocker arm shaft.
  • the valve side rocker arm is provided with a cross beam structure at one end close to the cam shaft. The cross beam structure is located above the cam side rocker arm and is connected to the cam side rocker arm.
  • the main structure of the cam-side rocker arm is located on the side close to the camshaft, and the camshaft is provided with a cam corresponding to each cam-side rocker arm, and each cam has a different profile.
  • the cam-side rocker arm is driven up and down by the corresponding cam, the upper part of the cam-side rocker arm is provided with a slider and a return spring, and the slider can be positioned between the beam structure and the cam-side rocker arm
  • the rocker shaft is provided with a rocker shaft oil passage, and the sliding block can be driven by pressure lubricating oil provided by the rocker shaft oil passage.
  • the rocker shaft oil passage is provided with The solenoid valve controls the connection and closing of the rocker shaft oil passage and the lubricating oil with pressure.
  • the number of the cam side rocker arm is two, one of which is the first cam side rocker arm and the other is the second cam side rocker arm.
  • the solenoid valve controls the rocker arm shaft oil passage to close
  • the sliders of the first cam side rocker arm and the second cam side rocker arm have a first position under the action of the return spring preload, and the solenoid valve controls the rocker arm shaft oil passage to be connected
  • the sliders of the first cam side rocker arm and the second cam side rocker arm have a second position under the hydraulic drive of lubricating oil, where:
  • the first position of the slider of the first cam-side rocker arm is located between the cross-beam structure of the valve-side rocker arm and the first cam-side rocker arm. At this position, the slider eliminates the first
  • the gap between the cam-side rocker arm and the cross-beam structure of the valve-side rocker arm makes the first cam-side rocker arm and the valve-side rocker arm form a transmission chain, so that the first cam-side rocker arm can connect
  • the drive lift of the corresponding cam is transmitted to the valve side rocker arm, and the first position of the slider of the second cam side rocker arm is located below the cross member structure of the valve side rocker arm and the cross member
  • the rocker arm cannot form a transmission chain;
  • the second position of the slider of the first cam side rocker arm is located below the crossbeam structure of the valve side rocker arm and is offset from the crossbeam structure. At this position, the slider cannot eliminate the first cam side.
  • the gap between the rocker arm and the crossbeam structure of the valve side rocker arm, the first cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm cannot form a transmission chain, and the slider of the second cam side rocker arm
  • the second position is located between the beam structure of the valve-side rocker arm and the second cam-side rocker arm. At this position, the slider eliminates the difference between the second cam-side rocker arm and the valve-side rocker arm.
  • the gap between the beam structures makes the second cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm form a transmission chain, so that the second cam side rocker arm can transmit the drive lift of the corresponding cam to
  • the valve side rocker arm enables the combined rocker arm mechanism to selectively transmit the drive lift of the cam corresponding to the first cam side rocker arm or the second cam side rocker arm to the valve side Rocker.
  • the upper part of the first cam side rocker arm and the second cam side rocker arm are both provided with a plunger hole, the plunger hole has a stepped hole structure, and the plunger hole is slidably mounted
  • the drive plunger of the first cam side rocker arm has a stepped shaft structure, and its large diameter section and small diameter section have clearance fits with the large diameter hole and the small diameter hole of the plunger hole, respectively
  • the plunger hole of the first cam side rocker arm has a plug with a larger diameter at one end, the plug is provided with an exhaust hole, and the return spring of the first cam side rocker arm is arranged on the drive plunger with a larger diameter. Between the larger end and the plug, the smaller diameter end of the driving plunger of the first cam-side rocker arm passes through the smaller diameter hole of the plunger hole and is connected to the slider;
  • One end of the plunger hole of the second cam-side rocker arm is a cylindrical hole, and the other end is a waist-shaped hole.
  • One end of the plunger hole of the second cam-side rocker arm is equipped with a sealed plug.
  • the driving plunger of the cam side rocker arm is a stepped shaft structure, the large diameter section is a cylinder, and the cylindrical hole of the plunger hole has a clearance fit, and the two sides of the small diameter section are processed into a flat shape.
  • the cross-sectional area is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the waist-shaped hole at the other end of the plunger hole, and the return spring of the second cam side rocker arm is arranged between the driving plunger and the waist-shaped hole at the other end of the plunger hole ,
  • One end of the driving plunger of the second cam-side rocker arm is processed into a flat shape and passes through a waist-shaped hole at the other end of the plunger hole to be connected to the slider;
  • Both the first cam-side rocker arm and the second cam-side rocker arm are provided with a rocker oil passage, one end of the rocker oil passage and the end of the drive plunger where the return spring is not placed are connected to the column
  • the cavity formed by the plug hole is communicated, and the other end is communicated with the rocker shaft oil passage.
  • the sliding block is a rectangular block with a circular arc surface or an inclined surface on one side, and one end of the sliding block connected to the driving plunger is machined with grooves and pin holes, and is connected to the driving plunger through a pin,
  • the front end surface of the slider in the forward direction of the driving plunger is a circular arc surface or an inclined surface
  • the bottom surface of the slider is a flat surface
  • the top surface of the slider and the bottom surface of the crossbeam structure of the valve side rocker arm are flat surfaces
  • the top surface of the slider is provided with an arc or wedge-shaped concave or convex
  • the bottom surface of the crossbeam structure of the valve side rocker arm is provided with an arc or a shape that matches the shape of the top surface of the slider. Wedge-shaped protrusions or recesses.
  • a rocker arm shaft oil passage is provided in the rocker arm shaft, and a solenoid valve is provided on the rocker arm shaft oil passage.
  • the rocker shaft oil passages are in communication with the rocker arm oil passages on the two cam-side rocker arms at the same time, or, the rocker shaft is provided with two rocker shaft oil passages, and the two rocker shaft oil passages are A solenoid valve is respectively provided, and the two rocker arm shaft oil passages are respectively communicated with the rocker arm oil passages on the two cam-side rocker arms.
  • each cam side rocker arm is independently provided with a rocker shaft oil passage, which is respectively connected with the rocker arm oil passage on each cam side rocker arm, and each of the rocker shaft oil passages is Equipped with a solenoid valve.
  • valve side rocker arm has a notch in the middle, and both sides are provided with a side wall, the rocker shaft mounting hole is provided on the side wall, and the beam structure is provided at an end of the valve side rocker arm close to the camshaft
  • the cross beam structure is connected to the two side walls of the valve side rocker arm, and the cam side rocker arm is installed in the gap position between the two side walls of the valve side rocker arm.
  • valve-side rocker arm has a plate-shaped structure
  • the rocker arm shaft mounting hole is provided in the middle of the plate-shaped structure
  • the beam structure is a T-shaped structure
  • the cam-side rocker arms are respectively mounted on the The left and right sides of the valve side rocker arm.
  • a rocker spring is provided between the valve side rocker arm of the combined rocker arm mechanism and the cam side rocker arm, the rocker spring is a coil spring or a torsion spring, and the rocker spring is mounted on the Between the valve side rocker arm and the cam side rocker arm or on the rocker arm shaft, one end of the rocker arm spring acts on the valve side rocker arm, and the other end acts on the cam side rocker arm.
  • the spring has a certain pretension force, so that the valve-side rocker arm always keeps in contact with the valve mechanism, and the cam-side rocker arm always keeps in contact with the cam.
  • the cam-side rocker arm is provided with a roller, which is in contact with the corresponding cam on the camshaft and is driven by the cam, or the cam-side rocker arm is provided with a ball socket or ball head structure, and the ball
  • the socket or ball head structure is connected with a push rod driven by a camshaft, and is driven by the push rod.
  • the present invention also provides another variable valve drive device for an engine, which includes a rocker arm mechanism, a camshaft, a rocker shaft, and a solenoid valve.
  • the rocker arm mechanism is a combined rocker arm mechanism, and the combined rocker arm mechanism Contains a valve side rocker arm and two cam side rocker arms, namely a first cam side rocker arm and a second cam side rocker arm, the valve side rocker arm and the cam side rocker arm are installed side by side on the rocker shaft
  • the main structure of the cam-side rocker arm is located on the side close to the camshaft.
  • the camshaft is provided with a cam corresponding to each cam-side rocker arm and the cam
  • the contours are different, each of the cam-side rocker arms is driven up and down by the corresponding cam, and the top of the first cam-side rocker arm and the second cam-side rocker arm are respectively provided with a boss, and the two bosses are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the upper part of the valve side rocker arm is provided with a plunger hole, the plunger hole is a stepped hole, a driving plunger is slidably provided in the plunger hole, the driving plunger is a stepped shaft, the One end of the drive plunger passes through the plunger hole to connect the movable block, the plunger hole at one end of the drive plunger is provided with a return spring, and the plunger hole at the other end communicates with the rocker arm oil passage.
  • the channel is provided in the valve side rocker arm, the rocker arm oil channel is in communication with the rocker arm shaft oil channel, the rocker arm shaft oil channel is provided in the rocker arm shaft, and the movable block can be configured by the rocker arm
  • the pressure lubricating oil is driven by the shaft oil passage, and a solenoid valve is provided on the rocker arm shaft oil passage, and the solenoid valve controls the connection and closing of the rocker shaft oil passage and the pressure lubricating oil;
  • the movable block When the rocker arm shaft oil passage is closed, the movable block has a first position under the pretension force of the return spring, at which position the movable block eliminates the first cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocking
  • the gap between the arms makes the first cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm form a transmission chain
  • the upper part of the second cam side rocker arm is a movable block gap, so that the second cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm Unable to form a transmission chain;
  • the movable block When the rocker arm shaft oil passage is connected, the movable block has a second position under hydraulic drive, and in this position the movable block eliminates the gap between the second cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm, The second cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm form a transmission chain, and the upper part of the boss of the first cam side rocker arm is a movable block gap, so that the first cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm cannot form a transmission chain.
  • one side surface of the boss of the cam side rocker arm is a circular arc surface
  • the center of the circular arc surface is concentric with the center of the rocker shaft hole
  • the movable block is installed in the sliding groove above the valve side rocker arm
  • the movable block located above the boss of the cam-side rocker arm, is a rectangular parallelepiped block, the left and right sides of the movable block are respectively provided with a notch, and the notch is convex with the cam-side rocker arm.
  • a circular arc surface is provided at a corresponding position on the circular arc side surface of the table, and the circular arc surface has the same radius as the circular arc surface of the boss on the cam side rocker arm.
  • the present invention also provides an engine, including any of the above-mentioned variable valve drive devices of the engine.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a variable valve drive device for an engine of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembled rocker arm mechanism of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the components of the combined rocker arm mechanism of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the valve side rocker arm structure of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention
  • FIG 5 and 6 are respectively a structural schematic diagram of the first cam side rocker arm of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention and a cross-sectional view installed on the combined rocker arm mechanism (the slider is in the first position);
  • FIG. 7 and 8 are respectively a structural schematic diagram of the second cam side rocker arm of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention and a cross-sectional view installed on the combined rocker arm mechanism (the slider is in the first position);
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slider of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention.
  • Figures 10 and 11 are respectively structural sectional views of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention when the sliders of the first cam side rocker arm and the second cam side rocker arm are in the second position;
  • variable valve drive device 12 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention when the slider is blocked by the beam when the position is switched;
  • FIG. 13 is an assembly structure diagram and an exploded view of components of another design scheme of the combined rocker arm mechanism of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure and installation of another design scheme of the rocker arm spring of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic structural view of the combined rocker arm of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention having a cam side rocker arm;
  • 16 is a structural schematic diagram of the rocker arm shaft of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention, where two cam side rocker arms are respectively provided with a rocker arm shaft oil passage and a solenoid valve;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of the cam side rocker arm of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention when it is driven by a push rod;
  • variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention (camshaft and solenoid valve are not shown);
  • 19 and 20 are structural diagrams of the first cam-side rocker arm and the second cam-side rocker arm of the second embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention.
  • 21 is a structural view of the valve side rocker arm of the second embodiment of the variable valve driving device of the engine of the present invention and a cross-sectional view along the center of the rocker oil passage and the plunger hole in the assembled state;
  • 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable block of the second embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention when the movable block is in the first position;
  • 24 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine of the present invention when the movable block is in the second position;
  • Figure 1 depicts a first embodiment of the variable valve drive device of an engine provided by the present invention.
  • the variable valve drive device of the engine includes a rocker mechanism, a camshaft 2, a rocker shaft 3, and a solenoid valve 4.
  • the rocker arm mechanism is a combined rocker arm mechanism 1.
  • the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 includes a valve side rocker arm 11 and two cam side rocker arms: the first cam side rocker arm 12 and The second cam side rocker arm 13.
  • Figures 2 and 3 respectively show a schematic diagram of the assembled structure of the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 and an exploded view of each component.
  • FIG 4 shows a schematic diagram of the valve-side rocker arm 11, as shown in Figures 2 and 2 3 and 4, the valve side rocker arm 11 and the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13 are provided with rocker shaft mounting holes, and the valve side rocker arm 11 is close to One end of the valve is connected with the valve or an intermediate component (such as a valve bridge) that drives the valve, and the valve is driven to open and close.
  • the valve side rocker arm 11 has a gap in the middle, and a side wall is provided on both sides, and a rocker shaft mounting hole is provided on the side wall.
  • the valve side rocker arm 11 is provided with a beam structure 111 at one end close to the camshaft 2 to connect the On the two side walls of the valve-side rocker arm, the beam structure 111 is located above the two cam-side rocker arms 12 and 13, and has a certain gap with the two cam-side rocker arms 12 and 13, and the two cams
  • the side rocker arms 12 and 13 are located side by side in the gap between the two side walls of the valve side rocker arm 11, and are mounted on the rocker arm shaft 3 together with the valve side rocker arm 11, and can be mounted on the rocker arm shaft 3 on the rotation.
  • the main structures of the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13 are both located on the side close to the camshaft 2, and the camshaft 2 is connected to the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side.
  • the corresponding positions of the rocker arm 13 are each provided with a cam 21 and 22 with different contours.
  • the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the second cam-side rocker arm 13 are connected to the camshaft 2.
  • the corresponding cam is connected to receive the drive lift of the corresponding cam.
  • the cam 21 corresponding to the first cam-side rocker arm 12 is set as the most commonly used cam for normal operation of the engine
  • the cam 22 corresponding to the second cam-side rocker arm 13 is set to have other functions designed according to needs. Cams, such as those used for engine braking or improving engine performance.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 respectively show a schematic structural view of the first cam side rocker arm 12 and a cross-sectional view when it is installed on the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 (the slider is in the first position), and the first cam
  • the upper part of the side rocker arm 12 is provided with a plunger hole, the plunger hole is a stepped hole structure, and a driving plunger 121 is slidably installed in the plunger hole, and the driving plunger 121 is a stepped shaft structure,
  • the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section respectively have a clearance fit with the large-diameter hole and the small-diameter hole of the plunger hole.
  • the larger diameter end of the plunger hole of the first cam-side rocker arm 12 is equipped with a plug 124, so The plug is provided with an exhaust hole, the return spring 122 of the first cam-side rocker arm 12 is arranged between the larger diameter end of the driving plunger 121 and the plug 124, and the first cam-side rocker arm
  • the smaller diameter end of the driving plunger 121 of 12 passes through the smaller diameter hole of the plunger hole and is connected to the slider 123.
  • Figures 7 and 8 respectively show a schematic structural view of the second cam side rocker arm 13 and a cross-sectional view when it is installed on the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 (the slider is in the first position).
  • the second cam The upper part of the side rocker arm 13 is provided with a plunger hole.
  • One end of the plunger hole is a cylindrical hole and the other end is a waist-shaped hole.
  • One end of the cylindrical hole of the plunger hole is equipped with a sealed plug 134, and the plunger hole
  • a drive plunger 131 is slidably mounted.
  • One end of the drive plunger 131 is cylindrical and has a clearance fit with the cylindrical hole of the plunger hole.
  • the other end of the drive plunger 131 is processed into a flat shape.
  • the cross-sectional area is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the waist-shaped hole at the other end of the plunger hole, and the return spring 132 of the second cam-side rocker arm 13 is disposed on the waist of the driving plunger 131 and the other end of the plunger hole.
  • one end of the driving plunger 131 processed into a flat shape passes through the waist-shaped hole at the other end of the plunger hole and is connected to the slider 133.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliders 123 and 133, the slider is a rectangular block with a circular arc or inclined surface on one side, and the end of the slider connected with the driving plunger is machined with grooves and pin holes , And connected with the drive plunger through a pin, the front end surface C of the slider in the forward direction of the drive plunger is a circular arc surface or an inclined surface, the bottom surface of the slider is a flat surface, and the top of the slider
  • the surface and the bottom surface of the crossbeam structure 111 of the valve-side rocker arm 11 are flat surfaces, or the top surface of the slider is provided with an arc or wedge-shaped concave or convex, and the crossbeam structure 111 of the valve-side rocker arm 11
  • the bottom surface is provided with arcs or wedge-shaped protrusions or recesses that match the shape of the top surface of the slider, so as to prevent the slider from accidentally slipping out during the contact transmission process with the beam.
  • the rocker shaft 3 is provided with a rocker shaft oil passage 31, which is connected with lubricating oil with a certain pressure of the engine.
  • the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13 are both provided with a rocker Arm oil passages 125 and 135, as shown in Figures 6 and 8, one end of the rocker arm oil passage communicates with the cavity formed by the plunger hole and the end of the drive plunger where the return spring is not placed, and the other end
  • a solenoid valve 4 is provided on the rocker shaft oil passage 31, and the solenoid valve 4 controls the connection between the rocker shaft oil passage 31 and the lubricating oil with a certain pressure And closed.
  • the first position of the slider 123 of the first cam side rocker arm 12 is located between the cross beam structure 111 of the valve side rocker arm 11 and the first cam side rocker arm 12, as shown in FIG. 6,
  • the slider 123 eliminates the gap between the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the cross beam structure 111 of the valve side rocker arm 11, so that the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the valve side
  • the side rocker arm 11 forms a transmission chain
  • the first position of the sliding block 133 of the second cam side rocker arm 13 is located below the cross beam structure 111 of the valve side rocker arm 11 at a position staggered from the cross beam structure, as shown in the figure As shown in Fig.
  • the slider 133 cannot eliminate the gap between the second cam-side rocker arm 13 and the cross-beam structure 111 of the valve-side rocker arm 11, so that the second cam-side rocker arm 13 It cannot form a transmission chain with the valve side rocker arm 11.
  • the second position of the slider 123 of the first cam-side rocker arm 12 is located below the cross-beam structure 111 of the valve-side rocker arm 11 at a position staggered from the cross-beam structure, as shown in FIG.
  • the slider 123 cannot eliminate the gap between the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the cross-beam structure 111 of the valve-side rocker arm 11, so that the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the valve-side rocker arm 11 cannot A transmission chain is formed
  • the second position of the slider 133 of the second cam side rocker arm 13 is located between the cross beam structure 111 of the valve side rocker arm 11 and the second cam side rocker arm 13, as shown in FIG.
  • the slider 133 eliminates the gap between the second cam-side rocker arm 13 and the cross-beam structure 111 of the valve-side rocker arm 11, so that the second cam-side rocker arm 13 and The valve side rocker arm 11 forms a transmission chain.
  • rocker springs 14 and 15 are respectively provided between the valve side rocker arm 11 and the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13 of the combined rocker arm mechanism 1, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6.
  • the rocker arm springs 14 and 15 are coil springs, and the rocker arm springs 14 and 15 are mounted on the valve side rocker arm 11 and the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam Between the side rocker arms 13, one end of the rocker arm springs 14 and 15 acts on the valve side rocker arm 11, and the other end acts on the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13.
  • the rocker arm springs 14 and 15 have a certain pretension force, so that the valve-side rocker arm 11 is always in contact with the valve mechanism, and the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the second cam-side rocker arm 13 are always in contact with the cam Keep in touch.
  • the working process and principle of the device are: when the engine is running normally, the solenoid valve 4 on the rocker shaft oil passage 31 is in position In the power-off state, the sliders 123 and 133 of the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the second cam-side rocker arm 13 are in the first position under the pretension of the return springs 122 and 132, as shown in the figure 6 and FIG. 8, as mentioned above, when the slider 123 is in the first position, the gap between the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the cross-beam structure 111 of the valve-side rocker arm 11 is eliminated.
  • first cam side rocker arm 12 and the valve side rocker arm 11 form a transmission chain
  • first cam side rocker arm 12 can transmit the driving lift of the corresponding cam 21 to the
  • the engine runs according to the lift of the cam 21 corresponding to the first cam side rocker arm 12, and when the slider 133 of the second cam side rocker arm 13 is in the first position, the second cam side rocker arm 13 cannot be moved.
  • the cam side rocker arm 13 and the valve side rocker arm 11 form a transmission chain, which is in a lost motion state when driven by the cam 22.
  • the solenoid valve 4 on the rocker arm shaft oil passage 31 is energized, and the rocker arm shaft oil passage 31 has a certain pressure with the engine
  • the driving plungers 121 and 131 of the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13 are actuated by the hydraulic force of the lubricating oil, pushing the sliders 123 and 133 to the second position 10 and 11, as described above, when the slider 123 of the first cam side rocker arm 12 is in the second position, the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the valve side rocker arm 12
  • the arm 11 cannot form a transmission chain, the first cam-side rocker arm 12 is in idle motion when driven by the cam 21, and when the slider 133 of the second cam-side rocker arm 13 is in the second position, it eliminates The gap between the second cam side rocker arm 13 and the crossbeam structure 111 of the valve side rocker arm 11, the second
  • variable valve driving device of the engine of the present invention can avoid the shock damage of the valve train caused by the sudden change of the valve lift caused by the sudden change of the valve lift when the cam is not in the base circle portion during switching.
  • the top surface of the slider and the bottom surface of the crossbeam structure of the valve side rocker arm 11 can be provided with circular arcs or wedge-shaped protrusions or recesses that match each other, so as to ensure that the slider is in the process of transferring motion. It will not accidentally slip out, which improves the reliability of the device.
  • the arc surface or inclined surface (C surface) at one end of the slider is in contact with the crossbeam, and With the swing of the cam-side rocker arm, there is a sliding movement between the rocker arm on the cam side and the beam until the cam corresponding to the cam-side rocker arm to enter the transmission chain rotates to the base circle part, the block of the beam on the slider disappears, and the The slider can be pushed so that the cam side rocker arm and the valve side rocker arm form a transmission chain.
  • the C surface of the slider contacting the beam is set as an arc surface or an inclined surface.
  • the function of the arc surface is that the center of the arc surface is designed to be concentric with the center of the rocker shaft, and the slider is blocked by the beam and follows the cam
  • the position of the slider on the cam side rocker arm does not change, so the drive plunger will not push the lubricating oil back and generate greater resistance.
  • the wear of the components improves the reliability of the device.
  • the C surface of the slider is set as an inclined surface, it has a similar effect and makes the processing relatively simple.
  • the valve-side rocker arm 11 of the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 can be designed as a plate-shaped structure. As shown in FIG. 13, a rocker arm is provided in the middle of the plate-shaped structure. The arm shaft mounting hole, the valve side rocker arm 11 is provided with a T-shaped beam structure 111 on the upper part of the plate-shaped structure near one end of the cam shaft. The T-shaped beam structure 111 is located above the cam side rocker arm, and the cam side rocker The arms are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the valve-side rocker arm 11, which can make the structure of the combined rocker arm mechanism more compact and better adaptable.
  • the rocker springs 14 and 15 can be designed as torsion springs. As shown in FIG. 14, the rocker springs 14 and 15 are mounted on the rocker shaft 3. One end of the rocker springs 14 and 15 acts on the valve side rocker arm 11, and the other end acts on the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13. This advantage can reduce the combined type The height of the rocker mechanism 1 improves adaptability.
  • the number of cam-side rocker arms in the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 can be not only set to two, but also can be set to have only one first cam-side rocker arm 12 or more than two.
  • the slider 123 of the first cam-side rocker arm 12 can keep the valve straight when switching to the second position. Keep it closed to enable the engine to achieve the cylinder deactivation function.
  • the number of cam side rocker arms is more than two, more different valve lifts can be provided for the engine, so that the engine can have more working modes and functions.
  • rocker arm shaft oil passage 31 for the design of the rocker arm shaft oil passage 31 and the arrangement of the solenoid valve 4, there can be different design solutions when the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 has a different number of cam-side rocker arms.
  • a rocker shaft oil passage may be provided in the rocker shaft 3, as shown in Figure 1, the rocker shaft oil passage is provided There is a solenoid valve, and the rocker arm shaft oil passage is in communication with the rocker arm oil passage on the cam side rocker arm at the same time, so that when the solenoid valve 4 is opened, the sliders of the two cam side rocker arms switch position at the same time;
  • the rocker arm shaft may also be provided with two rocker arm shaft oil passages, as shown in FIG.
  • the two rocker arm shafts The oil passages respectively communicate with the rocker oil passages on the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the second cam-side rocker arm 13, and the two rocker shaft oil passages are respectively provided with a solenoid valve, and each solenoid The valve controls a cam side rocker arm.
  • the advantage of using two rocker shaft oil passages with a solenoid valve is that the combined rocker arm mechanism 1 can have three working states by controlling the on-off state of the two solenoid valves: 1. By the first cam The side rocker arm is driven, 2. is driven by the second cam side rocker arm, 3, the first cam side rocker arm and the second cam side rocker arm are both in the idling state (that is, the valve stopped state).
  • each rocker shaft oil passage needs to be provided for each cam side rocker arm in the rocker arm shaft, which is connected to each cam side rocker arm respectively.
  • the rocker arm oil passage on the rocker arm is connected, and each rocker arm shaft oil passage is provided with a solenoid valve. This is because: after the first cam side rocker arm exits the transmission with the valve side rocker arm , Only one of the second cam-side rocker arms can be selected to drive the valve-side rocker arm, or all cam-side rocker arms are in idling state, and there cannot be two cam-side rocker arms simultaneously driving the valve-side rocker arm The state of the arm.
  • the structure of the cam-side rocker arm can be designed as a roller rocker arm with rollers, as shown in FIG. 1, which is directly driven by a camshaft, and is suitable for engines with overhead camshaft structure. It can be designed with a ball socket or ball head structure, as shown in Figure 17, the ball socket or ball head structure is connected with a push rod driven by a camshaft, and is driven by the push rod, suitable for non-overhead camshafts Structure of the engine.
  • Figure 18 depicts the second embodiment of the variable valve drive device of the engine provided by the present invention (camshaft and solenoid valve are not shown).
  • the rocker arm mechanism 1 includes a valve side rocker arm 11 and two cam side rocker arms: a first cam side rocker arm 12 and a second cam side rocker arm 13.
  • 19 and 20 respectively show the structural schematic diagrams of the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13, and the upper part of the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the second cam side rocker arm 13 are not provided with sliding Block and return spring, but provided with a boss 124 and 134, one side 124C and 134C of the boss 124 and 134 are arc surfaces, the center of the arc surface is concentric with the center of the rocker shaft hole, so There is a certain gap between the bosses 124 and 134 and the valve side rocker arm 11, the valve side rocker arm 11 has a gap below the middle, and a side wall is provided on both sides, and a rocker shaft mounting hole is provided on the side wall.
  • the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the second cam-side rocker arm 13 are installed side by side in the gap between the two side walls of the valve-side rocker arm 11.
  • valve side rocker arm 11 shows the structure of the valve side rocker arm 11 of this embodiment and a cross-sectional view along the rocker arm oil passage and the center of the plunger hole in the assembled state.
  • the valve side rocker arm 11 is provided with a plunger hole on the upper part, and the column
  • the plug hole is a stepped hole, and a drive plunger 112 is slidably provided in the plunger hole.
  • the drive plunger 112 is a stepped shaft.
  • One end of the drive plunger passes through the drive plunger hole, and The movable block 114 is connected, a return spring 113 is provided between the driving plunger 112 and the plunger hole, a rocker arm oil passage 115 is provided on the valve side rocker arm 11, and the rocker arm oil passage 115 One end is communicated with the cavity formed by the plunger hole at one end of the driving plunger 112 where the return spring is not placed, and the other end is communicated with the rocker arm shaft oil passage 31.
  • FIG. 22 shows a schematic structural view of the movable block 114 of this embodiment.
  • the movable block 114 is installed in the sliding groove above the valve side rocker arm 11, and is located at the cam side rocker arm bosses 124 and 134 Above, the movable block 114 is a rectangular parallelepiped block.
  • the movable block 114 is provided with notches 1142 and 1143 on the left and right sides, respectively. The notches 1142 and 1143 are connected to the arc side surfaces of the cam-side rocker upper boss.
  • corresponding positions of 124C and 134C are provided with arc surfaces 1142C and 1143C, and the arc surfaces 1142C and 1143C have the same radius as the arc side surfaces 124C and 134C of the boss on the cam side rocker arm.
  • the movable block 114 When the rocker shaft oil passage 31 is closed, the movable block 114 has a first position under the pretension of the return spring 113. As shown in FIG. 23, the movable block 114 is eliminated at this position.
  • the gap between the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the valve side rocker arm 11 makes the first cam side rocker arm 12 and the valve side rocker arm 11 form a transmission chain, and the upper part of the boss 134 of the second cam side rocker arm 13 is The gap 1143 of the movable block 114 prevents the second cam side rocker arm 13 and the valve side rocker arm 11 from forming a transmission chain, which is in a lost motion state when driven by the cam; when the rocker arm shaft oil passage 31 is connected,
  • the movable block 114 has a second position under hydraulic drive.
  • the movable block 114 eliminates the gap between the second cam side rocker arm 13 and the valve side rocker arm 11 at this position, so that the first The two cam-side rocker arms 13 and the valve-side rocker arm 11 form a transmission chain, and above the boss 124 of the first cam-side rocker arm 12 is a notch 1142 of the movable block 114, so that the first cam-side rocker arm 12 and the valve-side rocker arm 11
  • the transmission chain cannot be formed, and it is in a lost motion state when driven by a cam.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention has the same working principle and process as the first embodiment, and will not be repeated.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that: the movable block in this embodiment 114.
  • a single movable block 114 provided on the valve side rocker arm 11 replaces the aforementioned sliders respectively provided on each cam side rocker arm, which reduces the number of parts and makes the cam side rocker arm structure simpler.
  • the present invention also provides an engine, which includes the above-mentioned variable valve drive device of the engine.

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Abstract

一种发动机的可变气门驱动装置，可变气门驱动装置的摇臂机构为组合式摇臂机构（1），包括了一个气门侧摇臂（11）和至少一个凸轮侧摇臂，在凸轮轴（2）上为每一个凸轮侧摇臂都设有一个凸轮，气门侧摇臂（11）一端与气门机构连接，另一端设有横梁结构（111），横梁结构（111）位于凸轮侧摇臂上方，与凸轮侧摇臂具有一定间隙，在凸轮侧摇臂上设有滑块（123，133）和回位弹簧（122，132），当电磁阀（4）控制的油道在关闭和开启状态时，滑块（123，133）在回位弹簧（122，132）和润滑液力驱动下分别具有第一位置和第二位置，滑块（123，133）在第一位置和第二位置时分别使的凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂（11）形成传动链和断开传动链，从而使组合式摇臂机构（1）能够可选择地将其中一个凸轮侧摇臂所对应的凸轮的驱动升程传递给气门侧摇臂（11），实现可变气门。还公开一种包括可变气门驱动装置的发动机。

Description

发动机的可变气门驱动装置及发动机 技术领域
本发明涉及发动机技术领域，特别是一种发动机的可变气门驱动装置，本发明还涉及一种具有该可变气门驱动装置的发动机。
背景技术
目前已知的发动机可变气门技术有多种多样，各种可变气门技术通过不同的结构设计和控制方法实现气门升程或气门正时的可变，以使发动机获得更优的性能或实现特殊的功能，其中已知的一类可变气门技术是通过在发动机的凸轮轴上设置不同轮廓的凸轮，通过控制装置切换使发动机的气门获得不同轮廓凸轮的驱动升程。其中有一种是通过在凸轮轴上设置可滑动的凸轮，通过控制装置使凸轮滑动切换不同的凸轮，比如奥迪的AVS装置，还有通过设置不同的摇臂，控制摇臂机构在需要的时候连接在一起实现气门升程切换，比如本田的VTEC装置，还有通过在气门驱动装置中设置机械或液力的部件，通过机械或液力部件的锁止和释放实现气门驱动和气门停止。但目前上述可变气门装置还存在以下不足：1、多数用于气门机构载荷较小的汽油发动机，在重型柴油发动机上应用存在困难；2、需要用到多个控制阀(比如AVS装置)，结构比较复杂，成本高，或气门升程的改变存在局限性(比如VTEC装置)；3、气门驱动装置中采用液力部件驱动时易受油液温度、粘度、泄漏等影响，气门升程精度难以保证。
发明内容
为解决现有可变气门装置存在的上述不足，本发明提供了一种发动机的可变气门驱动装置，该装置通过控制不同的凸轮侧摇臂将所对应的凸轮升程传递给气门侧摇臂实现可变气门，该装置结构简单、成本低，尤其适用于重型发动机的应用。
本发明提供了一种发动机的可变气门驱动装置，包括摇臂机构、凸轮轴、摇臂轴及电磁阀，所述摇臂机构为组合式摇臂机构，所述组合式摇臂机构包含了一个气门侧摇臂和至少一个凸轮侧摇臂，所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂上均设有摇臂轴安装孔，所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂并排地安装在摇臂轴上，并可在摇臂轴上转动，所述气门侧摇臂靠近凸轮轴的一端设有一横梁结构，所述横梁结构位于凸轮侧摇臂的上方并与所述凸轮侧摇臂之间具有间隙，所述凸轮侧摇臂的主体结构均位于靠近凸轮轴一侧,所述凸轮轴上对应各所述凸轮侧摇臂设有一凸轮且各所述凸轮的轮廓不同，各所述凸轮侧摇臂由对应的所述凸轮驱动升降，所述凸轮侧摇臂上部设有滑块和回位弹簧，所述滑块可于所述横梁结构和所述凸轮侧摇臂之间的间隙内活动，所述摇臂轴内设有摇臂轴油道，所述滑块可由所述摇臂轴油道提供的具有压力的润滑油驱动，在所述摇臂轴油道上设有电磁阀，所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道与具有压力的润滑油的接通与关闭。
优选的，所述凸轮侧摇臂的数量为二个，其中一个为第一凸轮侧摇臂，另一个为第二凸轮侧摇臂，在所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道关闭时，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块在所述回位弹簧预紧力作用下具有第一位置，在所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道接通时，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块在润滑油液力驱动下具有第二位置，其中：
所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第一位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构和所述第一凸轮侧摇臂之间，在此位置所述滑块消除了所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构 之间的间隙，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂形成传动链，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂可以将与之所对应的凸轮的驱动升程传递给所述气门侧摇臂，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第一位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构下方与所述横梁结构错开的位置，在此位置所述滑块无法消除所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构之间的间隙，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链；
所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第二位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构下方与所述横梁结构错开的位置，在此位置所述滑块无法消除所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构之间的间隙，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第二位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂之间，在此位置所述滑块消除了所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构之间的间隙，使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂形成传动链，使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂可以将与之所对应的凸轮的驱动升程传递给所述气门侧摇臂，从而使所述组合式摇臂机构能够可选择地将所述第一凸轮侧摇臂或所述第二凸轮侧摇臂所对应的凸轮的驱动升程传递给气门侧摇臂。
优选的，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的上部均设有柱塞孔，所述柱塞孔为一阶梯孔结构，所述柱塞孔内可滑动地装有驱动柱塞，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞为一阶梯轴结构，其大直径段与小直径段分别与所述柱塞孔的大直径孔和小直径孔具有间隙配合，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的柱塞孔直径较大一端装有堵塞，所述堵塞设有排气孔，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的回位弹簧设置于所述驱动柱塞直径较大一端与所述堵塞之间，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞直径较小一端穿过所述柱塞孔较小直径孔与所述滑块连接；
所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的柱塞孔一端为圆柱孔，另一端为腰形孔，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的柱塞孔的圆柱孔一端装有密封的堵塞，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞为一阶梯轴结构，其大直径段为圆柱，与所述柱塞孔的圆柱孔具有间隙配合，其小直径段两侧面加工为扁状，所述扁状的截面积小于所述柱塞孔另一端腰形孔的截面积，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的回位弹簧设置于所述驱动柱塞与所述柱塞孔另一端的腰形孔之间，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞加工为扁状的一端穿过所述柱塞孔另一端的腰形孔与所述滑块连接；
所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂上均设有摇臂油道，所述摇臂油道一端与所述驱动柱塞未放置回位弹簧的一端与所述柱塞孔形成的空腔连通，另一端与所述摇臂轴油道连通。
优选的，所述滑块为一侧带有圆弧面或斜面的矩形块，所述滑块与驱动柱塞连接的一端加工有槽和销孔，并通过销钉与所述驱动柱塞连接，所述滑块在驱动柱塞推动其前进方向的前端面为圆弧面或斜面，所述滑块底面为平面，所述滑块的顶面和所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构底面为平面，或者，所述滑块的顶面设有圆弧或楔形的内凹或凸起，所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构底面设有与所述滑块的顶面形状相吻合的圆弧或楔形的凸起或内凹。
优选的，当所述组合式摇臂机构具有二个凸轮侧摇臂时，所述摇臂轴内设有一条摇臂轴油道，所述摇臂轴油道上设有一个电磁阀，所述摇臂轴油道同时与所述二个凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，或者，所述摇臂轴内设有两条摇臂轴油道，所述两条摇臂轴油道上分别设有一个电磁阀，所述两条摇臂轴油道分别与二个凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，当所述组合式摇臂机构具有二个以上的凸轮侧摇臂时，所述摇臂轴内为每一个凸轮侧摇臂分别独立设有一 条摇臂轴油道，分别与各个凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，所述每一条摇臂轴油道上均设有一个电磁阀。
优选的，所述气门侧摇臂中部为缺口，两侧各设有一侧壁，所述摇臂轴安装孔设于侧壁上，所述横梁结构设于所述气门侧摇臂靠近凸轮轴一端，所述横梁结构连接所述气门侧摇臂的两侧壁，所述凸轮侧摇臂安装于所述气门侧摇臂的两侧壁之间的缺口位置。
优选的，所述气门侧摇臂为板状结构，所述摇臂轴安装孔设于所述板状结构中部，所述横梁结构为T字形结构，所述凸轮侧摇臂分别安装于所述气门侧摇臂的左右两侧。
优选的，所述组合式摇臂机构的气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂之间设有摇臂弹簧，所述摇臂弹簧为螺旋弹簧或扭矩弹簧，所述摇臂弹簧安装于所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂之间或者摇臂轴上，所述摇臂弹簧一端作用于所述气门侧摇臂，另一端作用于所述凸轮侧摇臂，所述摇臂弹簧具有一定的预紧力，使所述气门侧摇臂始终与气门机构保持接触，并使所述凸轮侧摇臂始终与凸轮保持接触。
优选的，所述凸轮侧摇臂上设有滚轮，与凸轮轴上与之对应的凸轮接触，由凸轮驱动，或者，所述凸轮侧摇臂上设有球窝或球头结构，所述球窝或球头结构与由凸轮轴驱动的推杆连接，由所述推杆驱动。
本发明还提供了另外一种发动机的可变气门驱动装置，包括摇臂机构、凸轮轴、摇臂轴及电磁阀，所述摇臂机构为组合式摇臂机构，所述组合式摇臂机构包含了一个气门侧摇臂和两个凸轮侧摇臂，即第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂，所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂并排地安装在摇臂轴上，并可在摇臂轴上转动，所述凸轮侧摇臂的主体结构均位于靠近凸轮轴一侧,所述凸轮轴上对应各所述凸轮侧摇臂设有一凸轮且各所述凸轮的轮廓不同，各所述凸轮侧摇臂由对应的所述凸轮驱动升降，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂顶部分别设置一凸台，两凸台前后交错设置，所述气门侧摇臂上部设有柱塞孔，所述柱塞孔为一阶梯孔，所述柱塞孔内可滑动地设有驱动柱塞，所述驱动柱塞为一阶梯轴，所述驱动柱塞一端穿过所述柱塞孔连接活动块，所述驱动柱塞一端的柱塞孔内设有回位弹簧、另一端的柱塞孔与摇臂油道连通，所述摇臂油道设于所述气门侧摇臂内，所述摇臂油道和摇臂轴油道连通，所述摇臂轴油道设于所述摇臂轴内，所述活动块可由所述摇臂轴油道提供的具有压力的润滑油驱动，在所述摇臂轴油道上设有电磁阀，所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道与具有压力的润滑油的接通与关闭；
在所述摇臂轴油道关闭时，所述活动块在所述回位弹簧预紧力作用下具有第一位置，在此位置所述活动块消除了第一凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂之间的间隙，使第一凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂形成传动链，而第二凸轮侧摇臂的凸台上方为活动块缺口，使第二凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链；
在所述摇臂轴油道连通时，所述活动块在液力驱动下具有第二位置，在此位置所述活动块消除了第二凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂之间的间隙，使第二凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂形成传动链，而第一凸轮侧摇臂的凸台上方为活动块缺口，使第一凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链。
优选的，所述凸轮侧摇臂的凸台的一侧面为圆弧面，所述圆弧面中心与摇臂轴孔中心同心，所述活动块安装于所述气门侧摇臂上方的滑槽中，位于所述凸轮侧摇臂的凸台的上方，所述活动块为一长方体块，所述活动块上左右两侧分别设有一缺口，所述缺口上与所述凸轮侧摇臂上凸台的圆弧侧面对应位置设有圆弧面，所述圆弧面与所述凸轮侧摇臂上凸台的圆弧面具有相同的半径。
本发明还提供了一种发动机，包含了上述任一种的发动机的可变气门驱动装置。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明更好地理解，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于描述、解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在不同的实施例或设计方案的附图中，部分零件与其他实施例中具有相同的标记，这只代表其是在不同的实施例中起相同作用的零件，并不意味着是同一个零件或具有完全相同的结构，具体应以附图和说明书描述为准。附图中：
图1是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的组合式摇臂机构装配在一起的结构示意图；
图3是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的组合式摇臂机构的各零部件分解图；
图4是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的气门侧摇臂结构示意图；
图5和图6分别是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的第一凸轮侧摇臂结构示意图和安装在组合式摇臂机构上(滑块处于第一位置)的剖视图；
图7和图8分别是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的第二凸轮侧摇臂结构示意图和安装在组合式摇臂机构上(滑块处于第一位置)的剖视图；
图9是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的滑块的结构示意图；
图10和图11分别是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块处于第二位置时结构剖视图；
图12是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第一个实施例的滑块在位置切换时受到横梁阻挡时的剖视图；
图13是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置的组合式摇臂机构的另一种设计方案的装配结构图和零部件分解图；
图14是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置的摇臂弹簧的另一种设计方案的结构及安装示意图；
图15是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置的组合式摇臂具有一个凸轮侧摇臂时的结构示意图；
图16是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置的摇臂轴为两个凸轮侧摇臂分别设一条摇臂轴油道和电磁阀的结构示意图；
图17是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置的凸轮侧摇臂采用推杆驱动时的结构示意图；
图18是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第二个实施例的结构示意图(凸轮轴及电磁阀未显示)；
图19和图20是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第二个实施例的第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂的结构示意图；
图21是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第二个实施例的气门侧摇臂结构图以及在装配状 态沿摇臂油道和柱塞孔中心的剖视图；
图22是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第二个实施例的活动块的结构示意图；
图23是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第二个实施例的活动块处于第一位置时的结构示意图；
图24是本发明发动机的可变气门驱动装置第二个实施例的活动块处于第二位置时的结构示意图；
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的附图，对本发明实施例中采取的具体技术方案进行详细、完整地描述，在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是指两个或两个以上，所用到的术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述和解释本发明基于本发明附图所示的方位或位置关系，不能理解为所指的装置或元件必须具有的特定的方位或位置关系，不构成对本发明的限制。
图1描述了本发明提供的发动机的可变气门驱动装置的第一个实施例，所述发动机的可变气门驱动装置包括摇臂机构、凸轮轴2、摇臂轴3及电磁阀4，所述摇臂机构为组合式摇臂机构1，在本实施例中，所述组合式摇臂机构1包含了一个气门侧摇臂11和两个凸轮侧摇臂：第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13。图2和图3分别显示了所述组合式摇臂机构1装配在一起的结构示意图和各零部件的分解图，图4显示了所述气门侧摇臂11的结构示意图，如图2、图3和图4所示，所述气门侧摇臂11和所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13上均设有摇臂轴安装孔，所述气门侧摇臂11靠近气门的一端与气门或驱动气门的中间部件(如气门桥)连接，驱动气门打开和关闭。所气门侧摇臂11中部为缺口，两侧各设有一侧壁，侧壁上设有摇臂轴安装孔，所述气门侧摇臂11靠近凸轮轴2一端设有一横梁结构111，连接所述气门侧摇臂的两侧壁，所述横梁结构111位于所述两个凸轮侧摇臂12和13的上方，与所述两个凸轮侧摇臂12和13具有一定间隙，所述两个凸轮侧摇臂12和13并排地位于所述气门侧摇臂11的两侧壁之间的缺口位置，并与所述气门侧摇臂11一起安装在摇臂轴3上，并可在摇臂轴3上转动。
所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13的主体结构均位于靠近凸轮轴2一侧，所述凸轮轴2上与所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13对应的位置各设有一个具有不同轮廓的凸轮21和22，如图1所示，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述凸轮轴2上与之对应的凸轮连接，接收与之对应的凸轮的驱动升程。通常地，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12对应的凸轮21设置为发动机最常用的正常工作的凸轮，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13对应的凸轮22设置为根据需要所设计的具有其他功能的凸轮，比如用于发动机制动或改善发动机性能的凸轮。
图5和图6分别显示了所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的结构示意图和其安装在所述组合式摇臂机构1上(滑块处于第一位置)时的剖视图，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12上部设有柱塞孔，所述柱塞孔为一阶梯孔结构，所述柱塞孔内可滑动地装有驱动柱塞121，所述驱动柱塞121为一阶梯轴结构，其大直径段与小直径段分别与所述柱塞孔的大直径孔和小直径孔具有间隙配合，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的柱塞孔直径较大一端装有堵塞124，所述堵塞设有排气孔，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的回位弹簧122设置于所述驱动柱塞121直径较大一端与所述堵塞124之间，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的驱动柱塞121直径较小一端穿过所述柱塞孔较小直径孔与所述滑块123连接。
图7和图8分别显示了所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13的结构示意图和其安装在所述组合式摇臂机构1上(滑块处于第一位置)时的剖视图，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13上部设有柱塞孔，所述柱塞孔一端为圆柱孔，另一端为腰形孔，所述柱塞孔的圆柱孔一端装有密封的堵塞134， 所述柱塞孔内可滑动地装有驱动柱塞131，所述驱动柱塞131一端为圆柱，与所述柱塞孔的圆柱孔具有间隙配合，所述驱动柱塞131另一端加工为扁状，所述扁状的截面积小于所述柱塞孔另一端腰形孔的截面积，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13的回位弹簧132设置于所述驱动柱塞131与所述柱塞孔另一端的腰形孔之间，所述驱动柱塞131加工为扁状的一端穿过所述柱塞孔另一端的腰形孔与所述滑块133连接。
图9显示了所述滑块123和133的结构示意图，所述滑块为一侧带有圆弧面或斜面的矩形块，所述滑块与驱动柱塞连接的一端加工有槽和销孔，并通过销钉与所述驱动柱塞连接，所述滑块在驱动柱塞推动其前进方向的前端面C面为圆弧面或斜面，所述滑块底面为平面，所述滑块的顶面和所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111底面为平面，或者，所述滑块的顶面设有圆弧或楔形的内凹或凸起，所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111底面设有与所述滑块的顶面形状相吻合的圆弧或楔形的凸起或内凹，以防止滑块在与横梁接触传动过程中意外滑出。
所述摇臂轴3内设有摇臂轴油道31，与发动机具有一定压力的润滑油连接，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13上均设有摇臂油道125和135，如图6和图8所示，所述摇臂油道一端与所述驱动柱塞未放置回位弹簧的一端与所述柱塞孔形成的空腔连通，另一端与所述摇臂轴油道连通，在所述摇臂轴油道31上设有电磁阀4，所述电磁阀4控制所述摇臂轴油道31与具有一定压力的润滑油的接通与关闭。
在所述电磁阀4控制所述摇臂轴油道31关闭时，所述摇臂油道内没有压力，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13的驱动柱塞121和131受到回位弹簧122和132预紧力的作用，推动滑块123和133滑到柱塞孔的一端，如图6和图8所示此时，所述滑块123和133在所述回位弹簧122和132预紧力作用下所处的位置为第一位置；在所述电磁阀4控制所述摇臂轴油道31接通时，发动机具有一定压力的润滑油进入摇臂油道，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13的驱动柱塞121和131受到润滑油的液力作用，所述驱动柱塞克服回位弹簧力，推动滑块123和133滑到柱塞孔的另一端，如图10和图11所示，此时，所述滑块123和133在润滑油液力作用下所处的位置为第二位置。
其中，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的滑块123的第一位置位于所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111和所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12之间，如图6所示，在此位置所述滑块123消除了所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111之间的间隙，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与所述气门侧摇臂11形成传动链，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13的滑块133的第一位置位于所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111下方与所述横梁结构错开的位置，如图8所示，在此位置所述滑块133无法消除所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111之间的间隙，使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述气门侧摇臂11无法形成传动链。
所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的滑块123的第二位置位于所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111下方与所述横梁结构错开的位置，如图10所示，在此位置所述滑块123无法消除所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111之间的间隙，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与所述气门侧摇臂11无法形成传动链，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13的滑块133的第二位置位于所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13之间，如图11所示，在此位置所述滑块133消除了所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111之间的间隙，使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述气门侧摇臂11形成传动链。
此外，在所述组合式摇臂机构1的气门侧摇臂11和第一凸轮侧摇臂12以及第二凸轮侧摇臂13之间分别设有摇臂弹簧14和15，如图3以及图6、图8所示，所述摇臂弹簧14和15为螺旋弹簧，所述摇臂弹簧14和15安装于所述气门侧摇臂11和所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13之间，所述摇臂弹簧14和15一端作用于所述气门侧摇臂11，另一端 作用于所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13，所述摇臂弹簧14和15具有一定的预紧力，使所述气门侧摇臂11始终与气门机构保持接触，并使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13始终与凸轮保持接触。
在本发明提供的发动机的可变气门驱动装置的第一个实施例中，该装置的工作过程和原理是：当发动机在正常运转时，所述摇臂轴油道31上的电磁阀4处于断电状态，此时所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13的滑块123和133在所述回位弹簧122和132预紧力作用下处于第一位置，如图6和图8所示，如前所述，当所述滑块123处于第一位置时，消除了所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111之间的间隙，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与所述气门侧摇臂11形成传动链，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12可以将与之所对应的凸轮21的驱动升程传递给所述气门侧摇臂11，发动机按第一凸轮侧摇臂12对应的凸轮21的升程运行，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13的滑块133处于第一位置时，无法使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述气门侧摇臂11形成传动链，其在受到凸轮22的驱动时处于空动(lost motion)状态。
当发动机需要切换到第二凸轮侧摇臂13对应的凸轮22的升程运行时，所述摇臂轴油道31上的电磁阀4通电，所述摇臂轴油道31与发动机具有一定压力的润滑油接通，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13的驱动柱塞121和131受到润滑油的液力作用，推动所述滑块123和133处于第二位置，如图10和图11所示，如前所述，当所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的滑块123处于第二位置时，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与所述气门侧摇臂11无法形成传动链，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12在受到凸轮21的驱动时处于空动状态，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13的滑块133处于第二位置时，消除了所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111之间的间隙，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13与所述气门侧摇臂11形成传动链，使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13可以将与之所对应的凸轮22的驱动升程传递给所述气门侧摇臂11，发动机按第二凸轮侧摇臂13对应的凸轮22的升程运行，实现可变气门。而摇臂弹簧14和15的存在则可以使处于空动状态的凸轮侧摇臂在运动中始终与所对应的凸轮保持接触，避免产生不受控制的飞脱造成部件间的碰撞损坏。
在所述凸轮侧摇臂的滑块123和133从第一位置切换到第二位置时，当所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12与第二凸轮侧摇臂13所对应的凸轮21和22都处于基圆部分时，此时，气门处于关闭状态，凸轮与摇臂之间没有作用力，所述滑块移动时不受到阻力，可以顺利实现切换；当所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12所对应凸轮21处于有升程部分时，此时所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12正在驱动所述气门侧摇臂11打开或关闭气门，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的滑块与所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111之间存在很大的作用力，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的驱动柱塞121在受到的润滑油液力大小有限，无法推动所述滑块123退出与所述气门侧摇臂11形成的传动链，只有当所述凸轮21转动到基圆部分时，所述滑块123与所述横梁结构111之间不再有作用力，此时所述滑块123方可被驱动柱塞121推动退出与所述气门侧摇臂11形成的传动链；反之，在所述凸轮侧摇臂的滑块123和133从第二位置切换回到第一位置时，如前所述，同样的原理，只有当所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13对应的凸轮22转动到基圆部分时，所述滑块133方可退出与所述气门侧摇臂11形成的传动链。因此，本发明的发动机的可变气门驱动装置可以避免在切换时由于凸轮不在基圆部分而造成气门升程的突然变化引起的阀系的冲击损坏。进一步地，所述滑块的顶面和所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构底面可以设置形状相互吻合的圆弧或楔形的凸起或内凹，这样可以确保所述滑块在传递运动过程中不会意外滑出，提高了该装置的可靠性。
另外，在所述凸轮侧摇臂的滑块在第一位置和第二位置之间切换时，当所述处于空动状态的凸轮侧摇臂所对应的凸轮处于有升程状态，而所述处于传动链的凸轮侧摇臂所对应的凸轮处于基圆部分时，此时处于传动链的凸轮侧摇臂的滑块可顺利退出传动链，而需要进入传 动链的凸轮侧摇臂的滑块在受到驱动柱塞推动时会被所述气门侧摇臂11的横梁结构111阻挡，如图12所示，此时所述滑块一端的圆弧面或斜面(C面)与横梁接触，并在随凸轮侧摇臂的摆动与所述横梁之间产生滑动，直到所述要进入传动链的凸轮侧摇臂所对应的凸轮转动到基圆部分时，横梁对滑块的阻挡消失，所述滑块方可被推动使所述凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂形成传动链。所述滑块与横梁接触的C面设为圆弧面或斜面的作用在于：所述圆弧面的圆心设计为与所述摇臂轴中心同心，在所述滑块被横梁阻挡并随凸轮侧摇臂的摆动与所述横梁之间产生滑动时，所述滑块在所述凸轮侧摇臂上的位置不变，因此不会使驱动柱塞反推润滑油而产生较大的阻力引起部件的磨损，提高了该装置的可靠性，所述滑块的C面设为斜面时有相似的作用，并使加工相对简单。
进一步地，在本发明的第一个实施例中，所述组合式摇臂机构1的气门侧摇臂11可设计为板状结构，如图13所示，所述板状结构中部设有摇臂轴安装孔，所述气门侧摇臂11靠近凸轮轴一端板状结构上部设有一呈T字形横梁结构111，所述T字形横梁结构111位于所述凸轮侧摇臂上方，所述凸轮侧摇臂分别安装于所述气门侧摇臂11的左右两侧，这样可以使所述组合式摇臂机构的结构更紧凑，适应性更好。
进一步地，在本发明的第一个实施例中，所述摇臂弹簧14和15可设计为扭矩弹簧，如图14所示，所述摇臂弹簧14和15安装于摇臂轴3上，所述摇臂弹簧14和15一端作用于所述气门侧摇臂11，另一端作用于所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13，这样的优势可以降低所述组合式摇臂机构1的高度，提高适应性。
进一步地，在具体实施中，所述组合式摇臂机构1中凸轮侧摇臂的数量不仅可设置为两个，也可以设置为仅有一个第一凸轮侧摇臂12或者设有2个以上数量的凸轮侧摇臂，在仅有一个第一凸轮侧摇臂12时，如图15所示，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12的滑块123在切换到第二位置时可以使气门一直保持关闭，可以使发动机实现停缸功能。当所述凸轮侧摇臂的数量在2个以上时，可以为发动机提供更多不同的气门升程，使发动机能够具有更多的工作模式和功能。
进一步地，在具体实施中，对于所述摇臂轴油道31的设计和电磁阀4的布置，在所述组合式摇臂机构1具有不同数量的凸轮侧摇臂时可以有不同的设计方案：当所述组合式摇臂机构1具有两个凸轮侧摇臂时，所述摇臂轴3内可以设有一条摇臂轴油道，如图1所示，所述摇臂轴油道上设有一个电磁阀，所述摇臂轴油道同时与所述凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，这样当电磁阀4开启时同时两个凸轮侧摇臂的滑块进行位置切换；另外，在所述组合式摇臂机构具有两个凸轮侧摇臂时，所述摇臂轴内设也可以设有两条摇臂轴油道，如图16所示，所述两条摇臂轴油道分别与所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂13上的摇臂油道连通，所述两条摇臂轴油道上分别设有一个电磁阀，每个电磁阀控制一个凸轮侧摇臂。采用两条摇臂轴油道上分别设有一个电磁阀的好处在于：可以通过控制两个电磁阀的开关状态，使所述组合式摇臂机构1具有三种工作状态：1、由第一凸轮侧摇臂驱动，2、由第二凸轮侧摇臂驱动，3、第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂都处于空动状态(即气门停止状态)。然而，当所述组合式摇臂机构具有两个以上的凸轮侧摇臂时，所述摇臂轴内需要为每一个凸轮侧摇臂均设有一条摇臂轴油道，分别与各个凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，所述每一条摇臂轴油道上均设有一个电磁阀，这是因为：当所述第一凸轮侧摇臂退出与所述气门侧摇臂的传动后，只能选择其中一个第二凸轮侧摇臂来驱动所述气门侧摇臂，或者所有凸轮侧摇臂均处于空动状态，而不能出现有两个凸轮侧摇臂同时驱动所述气门侧摇臂的状态。
进一步地，在具体实施中，所述凸轮侧摇臂的结构可以设计为带有滚轮的滚轮摇臂，如图1所示，由凸轮轴直接驱动，适用于顶置凸轮轴结构的发动机，也可以设计为带有球窝或球头结构，如图17所示，所述球窝或球头结构与由凸轮轴驱动的推杆连接，由所述推杆驱 动，适用于非顶置凸轮轴结构的发动机。
图18描述了本发明提供的发动机的可变气门驱动装置的第二个实施例(凸轮轴及电磁阀未示出)，在本实施例中，与第一个实施例不同之处在于组合式摇臂机构1，所述组合式摇臂机构1包含了一个气门侧摇臂11和两个凸轮侧摇臂：第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13。图19和图20分别显示了所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13的结构示意图，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13上部不设滑块和回位弹簧，而是设有一个凸台124和134，所述凸台124和134的一侧面124C和134C为圆弧面，所述圆弧面中心与摇臂轴孔中心同心，所述凸台124和134与所述气门侧摇臂11具有一定的间隙，所述气门侧摇臂11中部下方为缺口，两侧各设有一侧壁，侧壁上设有摇臂轴安装孔，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂12和第二凸轮侧摇臂13并排地安装于所述气门侧摇臂11的两侧壁之间的缺口位置。
图21显示了本实施例的气门侧摇臂11的结构图以及在装配状态沿摇臂油道和柱塞孔中心的剖视图，所述气门侧摇臂11上部设有柱塞孔，所述柱塞孔为一阶梯孔，所述柱塞孔内可滑动地设有驱动柱塞112，所述驱动柱塞112为一阶梯轴，所述驱动柱塞一端穿过所述驱动柱塞孔，与活动块114连接，在所述驱动柱塞112与所述柱塞孔之间设有回位弹簧113，所述气门侧摇臂11上设有摇臂油道115，所述摇臂油道115一端与所述驱动柱塞112未放置回位弹簧的一端与所述柱塞孔形成的空腔连通，另一端与所述摇臂轴油道31连通。
图22显示了本实施例的所述活动块114的结构示意图，所述活动块114安装于所述气门侧摇臂11上方的滑槽中，位于所述凸轮侧摇臂凸台124和134的上方，所述活动块114为一长方体块，所述活动块114上左右两侧分别设有一缺口1142和1143，所述缺口1142和1143上与所述凸轮侧摇臂上凸台的圆弧侧面124C和134C对应位置设有圆弧面1142C和1143C，所述圆弧面1142C和1143C与所述凸轮侧摇臂上凸台的圆弧侧面124C和134C具有相同的半径。
在所述摇臂轴油道31关闭时，所述活动块114在所述回位弹簧113预紧力作用下具有第一位置，如图23所示，在此位置所述活动块114消除了第一凸轮侧摇臂12与气门侧摇臂11之间的间隙，使第一凸轮侧摇臂12与气门侧摇臂11形成传动链，而第二凸轮侧摇臂13的凸台134上方为活动块114的缺口1143，使第二凸轮侧摇臂13与气门侧摇臂11无法形成传动链，其在受到凸轮驱动时处于空动状态；在所述摇臂轴油道31连通时，所述活动块114在液力驱动下具有第二位置，如图24所示，在此位置所述活动块114消除了第二凸轮侧摇臂13与气门侧摇臂11之间的间隙，使第二凸轮侧摇臂13与气门侧摇臂11形成传动链，而第一凸轮侧摇臂12的凸台124上方为活动块114缺口1142，使第一凸轮侧摇臂12与气门侧摇臂11无法形成传动链，其在受到凸轮驱动时处于空动状态。
在本发明的第二个实施例中，其与第一个实施例具有相同的工作原理和过程，不再重述，与第一个实施例不同之处在于：本实施例中所述活动块114由设置在气门侧摇臂11上的单个活动块114取代了前述的分别设置在各个凸轮侧摇臂上的滑块，减少了零件数量，使凸轮侧摇臂结构更简单。
另外，本发明还提供了一种发动机，其包含了上述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置。
需要说明的是，上述实施方式仅仅是为说明本发明的设计方案和原理采用的优选的实施方式，不能理解为对本发明的限制，对本发明所属技术领域人员来说，在不脱离本发明的构思前提下，依然可以对上述实施例所记载的技术方案进行进一步修改，或对其中部分技术特征进行替换、组合等，而这些均应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 发动机的可变气门驱动装置，包括摇臂机构、凸轮轴、摇臂轴及电磁阀，其特征是：所述摇臂机构为组合式摇臂机构，所述组合式摇臂机构包含了一个气门侧摇臂和至少一个凸轮侧摇臂，所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂上均设有摇臂轴安装孔，所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂并排地安装在摇臂轴上，并可在摇臂轴上转动，所述气门侧摇臂靠近凸轮轴的一端设有一横梁结构，所述横梁结构位于凸轮侧摇臂的上方并与所述凸轮侧摇臂之间具有间隙，所述凸轮侧摇臂的主体结构均位于靠近凸轮轴一侧,所述凸轮轴上对应各所述凸轮侧摇臂设有一凸轮且各所述凸轮的轮廓不同，各所述凸轮侧摇臂由对应的所述凸轮驱动升降，所述凸轮侧摇臂上部设有滑块和回位弹簧，所述滑块可于所述横梁结构和所述凸轮侧摇臂之间的间隙内活动，所述摇臂轴内设有摇臂轴油道，所述滑块可由所述摇臂轴油道提供的具有压力的润滑油驱动，在所述摇臂轴油道上设有电磁阀，所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道与具有压力的润滑油的接通与关闭。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述凸轮侧摇臂的数量为二个，其中一个为第一凸轮侧摇臂，另一个为第二凸轮侧摇臂，在所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道关闭时，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块在所述回位弹簧预紧力作用下具有第一位置，在所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道接通时，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块在润滑油液力驱动下具有第二位置，其中：
    所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第一位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构和所述第一凸轮侧摇臂之间，在此位置所述滑块消除了所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构之间的间隙，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂形成传动链，使所述第一凸轮侧摇臂可以将与之所对应的凸轮的驱动升程传递给所述气门侧摇臂，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第一位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构下方与所述横梁结构错开的位置，在此位置所述滑块无法消除所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构之间的间隙，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链；
    所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第二位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构下方与所述横梁结构错开的位置，在此位置所述滑块无法消除所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构之间的间隙，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链，而所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的滑块的第二位置位于所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂之间，在此位置所述滑块消除了所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构之间的间隙，使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂与所述气门侧摇臂形成传动链，使所述第二凸轮侧摇臂可以将与之所对应的凸轮的驱动升程传递给所述气门侧摇臂，从而使所述组合式摇臂机构能够可选择地将所述第一凸轮侧摇臂或所述第二凸轮侧摇臂所对应的凸轮的驱动升程传递给气门侧摇臂。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的上部均设有柱塞孔，所述柱塞孔为一阶梯孔结构，所述柱塞孔内可滑动地装有驱动柱塞，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞为一阶梯轴结构，其大直径段与小直径段分别与所述柱塞孔的大直径孔和小直径孔具有间隙配合，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的柱塞孔直径较大一端装有堵塞，所述堵塞设有排气孔，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的回位弹簧设置于所述驱动柱塞直径较大一端与所述堵塞之间，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞直径较小一端穿过所述柱塞孔较小直径孔与所述滑块连接；
    所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的柱塞孔一端为圆柱孔，另一端为腰形孔，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的柱塞孔的圆柱孔一端装有密封的堵塞，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞为一阶梯轴结构，其大直径段为圆柱，与所述柱塞孔的圆柱孔具有间隙配合，其小直径段两侧面加工为扁状，所述扁状的截面积小于所述柱塞孔另一端腰形孔的截面积，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的回位弹簧设置于所述驱动柱塞与所述柱塞孔另一端的腰形孔之间，所述第二凸轮侧摇臂的驱动柱塞加工为扁状的一端穿过所述柱塞孔另一端的腰形孔与所述滑块连接；
    所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂上均设有摇臂油道，所述摇臂油道一端与所述驱动柱塞未放置回位弹簧的一端与所述柱塞孔形成的空腔连通，另一端与所述摇臂轴油道连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述滑块为一侧带有圆弧面或斜面的矩形块，所述滑块与驱动柱塞连接的一端加工有槽和销孔，并通过销钉与所述驱动柱塞连接，所述滑块在驱动柱塞推动其前进方向的前端面为圆弧面或斜面，所述滑块底面为平面，所述滑块的顶面和所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构底面为平面，或者，所述滑块的顶面设有圆弧或楔形的内凹或凸起，所述气门侧摇臂的横梁结构底面设有与所述滑块的顶面形状相吻合的圆弧或楔形的凸起或内凹。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：当所述组合式摇臂机构具有二个凸轮侧摇臂时，所述摇臂轴内设有一条摇臂轴油道，所述摇臂轴油道上设有一个电磁阀，所述摇臂轴油道同时与所述二个凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，或者，所述摇臂轴内设有两条摇臂轴油道，所述两条摇臂轴油道上分别设有一个电磁阀，所述两条摇臂轴油道分别与二个凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，当所述组合式摇臂机构具有二个以上的凸轮侧摇臂时，所述摇臂轴内为每一个凸轮侧摇臂分别独立设有一条摇臂轴油道，分别与各个凸轮侧摇臂上的摇臂油道连通，所述每一条摇臂轴油道上均设有一个电磁阀。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述气门侧摇臂中部为缺口，两侧各设有一侧壁，所述摇臂轴安装孔设于侧壁上，所述横梁结构设于所述气门侧摇臂靠近凸轮轴一端，所述横梁结构连接所述气门侧摇臂的两侧壁，所述凸轮侧摇臂安装于所述气门侧摇臂的两侧壁之间的缺口位置。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述气门侧摇臂为板状结构，所述摇臂轴安装孔设于所述板状结构中部，所述横梁结构为T字形结构，所述凸轮侧摇臂分别安装于所述气门侧摇臂的左右两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述组合式摇臂机构的气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂之间设有摇臂弹簧，所述摇臂弹簧为螺旋弹簧或扭矩弹簧，所述摇臂弹簧安装于所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂之间或者摇臂轴上，所述摇臂弹簧一端作用于所述气门侧摇臂，另一端作用于所述凸轮侧摇臂，所述摇臂弹簧具有一定的预紧力，使所述气门侧摇臂始终与气门机构保持接触，并使所述凸轮侧摇臂始终与凸轮保持接触。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述凸轮侧摇臂上设有滚轮，与凸轮轴上与之对应的凸轮接触，由凸轮驱动，或者，所述凸轮侧摇臂上设有球窝或球头结构，所述球窝或球头结构与由凸轮轴驱动的推杆连接，由所述推杆驱动。
  10. 发动机的可变气门驱动装置，包括摇臂机构、凸轮轴、摇臂轴及电磁阀，其特征是：所述摇臂机构为组合式摇臂机构，所述组合式摇臂机构包含了一个气门侧摇臂和两个凸轮侧摇臂，即第一凸轮侧摇臂和第二凸轮侧摇臂，所述气门侧摇臂和所述凸轮侧摇臂并排地安装在摇臂轴上，并可在摇臂轴上转动，所述凸轮侧摇臂的主体结构均位于靠近凸轮轴一侧,所述凸轮轴上对应各所述凸轮侧摇臂设有一凸轮且各所述凸轮的轮廓不同，各所述凸轮侧摇臂由对应的所述凸轮驱动升降，所述第一凸轮侧摇臂和所述第二凸轮侧摇臂顶部分别设置一凸台，两凸台前后交错设置，所述气门侧摇臂上部设有柱塞孔，所述柱塞孔为一阶梯孔，所述柱塞孔内可滑动地设有驱动柱塞，所述驱动柱塞为一阶梯轴，所述驱动柱塞一端穿过所述柱塞孔连接活动块，所述驱动柱塞一端的柱塞孔内设有回位弹簧、另一端的柱塞孔与摇臂油道连通，所述摇臂油道设于所述气门侧摇臂内，所述摇臂油道和摇臂轴油道连通，所述摇臂轴油道设于所述摇臂轴内，所述活动块可由所述摇臂轴油道提供的具有压力的润滑油驱动，在所述摇臂轴油道上设有电磁阀，所述电磁阀控制所述摇臂轴油道与具有压力的润滑油的接通与关闭；
    在所述摇臂轴油道关闭时，所述活动块在所述回位弹簧预紧力作用下具有第一位置，在此位置所述活动块消除了第一凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂之间的间隙，使第一凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂形成传动链，而第二凸轮侧摇臂的凸台上方为活动块缺口，使第二凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链；
    在所述摇臂轴油道连通时，所述活动块在液力驱动下具有第二位置，在此位置所述活动块消除了第二凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂之间的间隙，使第二凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂形成传动链，而第一凸轮侧摇臂的凸台上方为活动块缺口，使第一凸轮侧摇臂与气门侧摇臂无法形成传动链。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置，其特征是：所述凸轮侧摇臂的凸台的一侧面为圆弧面，所述圆弧面中心与摇臂轴孔中心同心，所述活动块安装于所述气门侧摇臂上方的滑槽中，位于所述凸轮侧摇臂的凸台的上方，所述活动块为一长方体块，所述活动块上左右两侧分别设有一缺口，所述缺口上与所述凸轮侧摇臂上凸台的圆弧侧面对应位置设有圆弧面，所述圆弧面与所述凸轮侧摇臂上凸台的圆弧面具有相同的半径。
  12. 一种发动机，其特征是：包含了权利1-9任一项所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置或包含了权利要求10或11所述的发动机的可变气门驱动装置。
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