WO2021065933A1 - 液晶調光素子 - Google Patents
液晶調光素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021065933A1 WO2021065933A1 PCT/JP2020/036980 JP2020036980W WO2021065933A1 WO 2021065933 A1 WO2021065933 A1 WO 2021065933A1 JP 2020036980 W JP2020036980 W JP 2020036980W WO 2021065933 A1 WO2021065933 A1 WO 2021065933A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- group
- carbon atoms
- polyimide
- crystal alignment
- Prior art date
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 246
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002345 steroid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G73/1032—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous characterised by the solvent(s) used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13712—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13731—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition
- G02F1/13737—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition in liquid crystals doped with a pleochroic dye
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/04—Materials and properties dye
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal light control element using a dichroic dye.
- liquid crystal dimming elements As an alternative to conventional curtains and blinds, many electric dimming elements that variably control the amount of light transmission and visibility according to the degree of voltage applied from the outside have been proposed, and liquid crystal dimming elements are also available. It is one of them.
- a liquid crystal dimming element using a plastic substrate also referred to as a film substrate
- a liquid crystal dimming element using a plastic substrate is superior in weight and ease of shape processing as compared with that of a glass substrate. It can be pasted, and the market is expected to expand in the future.
- Various methods of the liquid crystal dimming element are known, and one of them is a method using a guest host type liquid crystal using a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal dimming element that is highly stable against light including ultraviolet rays, that is, does not cause deterioration of optical characteristics due to light irradiation.
- the present inventor has completed the present invention having the following gist. That is, a voltage having a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and having a liquid crystal alignment film such that at least one of the pair of substrates vertically orients the liquid crystal.
- a liquid crystal dimming element that controls the absorption state by application.
- the liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal and a dichroic dye.
- the liquid crystal alignment film uses a diamine having at least one structure (hereinafter, also referred to as “specific structure”) selected from the following formulas [1-1] and [1-2] as a part of the raw material.
- a polyimide precursor or a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing a polyimide in which the polyimide precursor is imidized.
- the liquid crystal light control element is characterized in that the ratio of the diamine used is 50 to 100 mol% with respect to the polyimide precursor or the entire diamine component in the polyimide.
- (X 1 is a single bond,-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON (CH 3) )-, -N (CH 3 ) CO-, -COO-, or -OCO-.
- X 2 indicates a single bond or-(CH 2 ) b- (b is an integer of 1 to 15).
- X 3 represents a single bond,-(CH 2 ) c- (c is an integer from 1 to 15), -O-, -CH 2 O-, -COO-, or -OCO-.
- X 4 Indicates a divalent cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocycle, or a divalent organic group having a steroid skeleton and having 17 to 51 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is carbon.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a divalent cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocycle, and any hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an alkoxy having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Xn represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- X 6 is carbon. Indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 18, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- X 7 is a single bond, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON (CH 3 )-, -N (CH 3 ) CO-, -COO-, or -OCO -Indicates:
- X 8 indicates an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the liquid crystal dimming element of the present invention is useful in a liquid crystal display for display purposes, a dimming window for controlling transmission and blocking of light, an optical shutter, and the like.
- X 1 ⁇ X 6 and Xn is as defined above, among others, respectively, preferably from below.
- X 1 is a single bond,-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -O-, -CH 2 O- or-from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis. COO- is preferred. More preferred are single bonds,-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1-10), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO-.
- X 2 is preferably a single bond or-(CH 2 ) b- (b is an integer of 1 to 10).
- X 3 is preferably single bond,-(CH 2 ) c- (c is an integer of 1 to 15), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO- from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis. More preferred are single bonds,-(CH 2 ) c- (c is an integer of 1-10), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO-.
- X 4 is, for ease of synthesis, divalent benzene ring which is a cyclic group, a divalent organic group having a carbon number of 17-51 with a divalent cyclohexane ring or a steroid skeleton cycloheteroalkyl cyclic group preferable.
- X 5 is preferably a benzene ring which is a divalent cyclic group or a cyclohexane ring which is a divalent cyclic group.
- X 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferred is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are alkyl groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- Xn is preferably 0 to 3 from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis. More preferred is 0-2.
- X 1 to X 6 and Xn are the formulas (2-1) to formulas (2-1) to Table 47 published in Tables 6 to 47 of pages 13 to 34 of the International Publication WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27). The same combination as in (2-629) can be mentioned.
- X 1 ⁇ X 6 in the present invention is shown as Y1 ⁇ Y6, although Xn is shown as n, the Y1 ⁇ Y6, X 1 ⁇ X 6 And n shall be read as Xn.
- the organic group having a steroid skeleton and having 17 to 51 carbon atoms in the present invention forms a steroid skeleton.
- an organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton shall be read as an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- )-Formula (2-315), Formula (2-364) -Formula (2-387), Formula (2-436) -Formula (2-483) or Formula (2-603) -Formula (2-615) The combination of is preferable. Particularly preferred are formulas (2-49) to formula (2-96), formulas (2-145) to formulas (2-168), formulas (2-217) to formulas (2-240), and formulas (2). -603) to formula (2-606), formula (2-607) to formula (2-609), formula (2-611), formula (2-612) or formula (2-624).
- X 7 and X 8 is as defined above, among others, respectively, preferably from below.
- X 7 is preferably single bond, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CONH-, -CON (CH 3 )-or -COO-. More preferred are single bonds, -O-, -CONH- or -COO-.
- X 8 is preferably an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the structure of the formula [1-1] it is preferable to use the structure of the formula [1-1] from the viewpoint that deterioration of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal dimming element due to light irradiation can be suppressed.
- the polyimide-based polymer is an imidized polyimide precursor using a diamine having at least one structure selected from the above formulas [1-1] and [1-2] as a part of a raw material, or the polyimide precursor. It is at least one kind of polymer (polyimide-based polymer) selected from the polyimide. At that time, the polyimide precursor or polyimide can be obtained by reacting a diamine component with a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- the polyimide precursor has, for example, a structure of the following formula [A].
- R 1 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- R 2 represents a divalent organic group.
- a 1 and A 2 represent hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, respectively.
- a 3 and A 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an acetyl group, respectively.
- the diamine component is a diamine having two primary or secondary amino groups in the molecule
- the tetracarboxylic acid component is a tetracarboxylic acid compound, a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride compound.
- Tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compound is Tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compound.
- the polyimide polymer of the following formula [D] can be obtained relatively easily by using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the following formula [B] and the diamine of the following formula [C] as raw materials.
- a polyamic acid having a structural formula of a repeating unit or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid is preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same as those defined by the formula [A].
- R 1 and R 2 are the same as those defined by the formula [A].
- the alkyl groups of A 1 and A 2 having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the formula [A] and the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the formula [A] are added.
- Alkyl groups or acetyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms of A 3 and A 4 can also be introduced.
- a diamine compound having a specific structure is used as a part of a raw material.
- the diamine of the following formula [1a] (hereinafter, also referred to as “specific diamine”).
- X represents the structure of the above formula [1-1] or the formula [1-2]. Further, X 1 ⁇ X 6 and Xn details in the formula [1-1], and preferred combinations are as above formula [1-1], details of X 7 and X 8 in the formula [1-2] , And a preferable combination is as shown in the above formula [1-2].
- Xm represents an integer of 1 to 4. Of these, 1 or 2 is preferable. When Xm is 2 or more, each of the plurality of Xs has the above definition independently.
- X in the formula [1a] is specifically described in the formulas described on pages 15 to 19 of the International Publication WO2013 / 125595 (published on 2013.8.29). Examples thereof include diamine compounds of formulas [2-1] to [2-6] and formulas [2-9] to [2-36].
- a 4 in the formula [2-13] is a straight or branched alkyl group having 3-18 carbon atoms.
- R 3 in formulas [2-4] to [2-6] represents -O-, -CH 2 O-, -COO-, or -OCO-.
- the preferable specific diamines are the formulas [2-1] to [2-6], the formulas [2-9] to [2-13] or the formula [2-13] described in International Publication WO2013 / 125595. 22] to the diamine compound of the formula [2-31].
- diamines of the following formulas [1a-32] to [1a-41] from the viewpoint of optical characteristics of the liquid crystal dimming element.
- R 1 and R 2 each represent an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 3 and R 4 each represent an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomer of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer.
- a 1 in the formula [DA1] ⁇ formula [DA5] is an alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the ratio of the specific diamine used is 50 to 100 mol% with respect to the entire diamine component of the polyimide polymer from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal light control element. Preferred is 60-100 mol%. More preferably, it is 80 to 100 mol%. Particularly preferred is 100 mol%. Further, as the specific diamine, one type or a mixture of two or more types can be used depending on each characteristic.
- tetracarboxylic acid component for producing a polyimide-based polymer examples include the tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the following formula [2], its tetracarboxylic acid derivatives tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, and dialkyl tetracarboxylic acid. It is preferable to use an ester or a tetracarboxylic diandialkyl ester dihalide (all of which are also collectively referred to as a specific tetracarboxylic acid component).
- Z represents any one type of structure selected from the following formulas [2a] to [2l].
- Z A ⁇ Z D are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group
- Z E and Z F represents a chlorine atom or a phenyl group are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Z in the formula [2] is a formula [2a], a formula [2c], a formula [2d], or a formula [2a], from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and easiness of polymerization reactivity when producing a polymer.
- 2e] formula [2f], formula [2g], formula [2k] or formula [2l] is preferable. More preferred are formulas [2a], formulas [2e], formulas [2f], formulas [2g], formulas [2k] or formulas [2l].
- Particularly preferred is the formula [2a], the formula [2e], the formula [2f], the formula [2g] or the formula [2l] from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal light control element.
- the ratio of the specific tetracarboxylic acid component used is preferably 1 mol% or more with respect to the total tetracarboxylic acid component of the polyimide-based polymer. More preferably, it is 5 mol% or more. Particularly preferable is 10 to 100 mol% from the viewpoint of the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal light control element.
- tetracarboxylic acid components other than the specific tetracarboxylic acid component can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- examples of other tetracarboxylic acid components include the following tetracarboxylic acid compounds, tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, dicarboxylic acid dihalides compounds, dicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compounds and dialkyl ester dihalide compounds.
- tetracarboxylic acid components described on pages 34 to 35 of International Publication WO 2015/012368 (published on 2015.1.29).
- the specific tetracarboxylic acid component and other tetracarboxylic acid components can be used alone or in admixture of two or more, depending on each property.
- the method for synthesizing the polyimide polymer is not particularly limited. It is usually obtained by reacting a diamine component with a tetracarboxylic acid component. Specifically, the method described on pages 35 to 36 of the International Publication WO 2015/012368 (published on 2015.1.29) can be mentioned.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually carried out in a solvent containing the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component.
- the solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the produced polyimide precursor.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or 1,3-dimethyl-2- Examples include imidazolidinone.
- methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone or a solvent of the following formulas [D1] to [D3] may be used. it can.
- D 1 and D 2 indicate an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 3 indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the solvent may be mixed with the above solvent and used as long as the produced polyimide precursor does not precipitate.
- the water content in the organic solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes the produced polyimide precursor to be hydrolyzed, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried organic solvent.
- the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 when the total number of moles of the diamine component is 1.0.
- the terminal of the polymer has an amino group structure.
- the terminal of the polymer has a structure of carboxylic acid anhydride or dicarboxylic acid.
- the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is larger than 1.0, that is, the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is larger than the number of moles of the diamine component.
- the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 1.05 to 1.20.
- Polyimide is a polyimide obtained by ring-closing a polyimide precursor.
- the ring closure rate (also referred to as imidization rate) of an amic acid group does not necessarily have to be 100%, and it depends on the application and purpose. It can be adjusted arbitrarily. Of these, 30 to 85% is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyimide-based polymer in a solvent. More preferred is 40-80%.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide-based polymer is Mw (weight average molecular weight) measured by the GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the resin film obtained from the polymer, the workability at the time of forming the resin film, and the coating film property. It is preferably set to 5,000 to 1,000,000. More preferred is 10,000 to 150,000.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is a solution for forming a liquid crystal alignment film, and is a solution containing a polyimide-based polymer having a specific structure and a solvent. At that time, two or more kinds of polyimide-based polymers having a specific structure can be used.
- the polymer components are not all polyimide-based polymers having a specific structure, and may be a mixture of these polyimide-based polymers that do not have a specific structure.
- the ratio of the polyimide-based polymer having no specific structure to be used is preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polyimide-based polymers having a specific structure.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is a polyimide precursor using the tetracarboxylic acid of the formula [2] as a part of the raw material, or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor, and using the polyimide precursor or the polyimide (specific structure). It may be included as a polyimide-based polymer having. Further, the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is different from a polyimide precursor using the tetracarboxylic acid of the formula [2] as a part of the raw material or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor, from a polyimide-based polymer having a specific structure. It may be included as another polyimide precursor or another polyimide.
- the raw material here does not refer to a tetracarboxylic acid component, but refers to a raw material containing a diamine component as well. Therefore, the ratio of the polyimide precursor using the tetracarboxylic dian of the formula [2] as a part of the raw material or the tetracarboxylic dian of the formula [2] in the polyimide precursor is 100 with respect to the entire tetracarboxylic acid component. It may be mol%.
- the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent can be appropriately selected from the viewpoint of the coating method of the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent and the desired film thickness.
- the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is preferably 50 to 99.9% by mass from the viewpoint of forming a uniform liquid crystal alignment film by coating. More preferably, it is 60 to 99% by mass. Particularly preferable is 65 to 99% by mass.
- the solvent used for the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves a polyimide-based polymer having a specific structure.
- solvent A also referred to as solvent A.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone may be used alone or in combination.
- the following solvent (also referred to as solvent B) can be used.
- the solvent B include the solvent B described on pages 58 to 60 of WO2014 / 171493 (published 2014.10.23).
- these solvents B can enhance the coating film property and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film when the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is applied, they are preferably used in combination with the solvents A.
- the solvent B is preferably 1 to 99% by mass of the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent. Of these, 10 to 99% by mass is more preferable. Particularly preferable is 20 to 95% by mass.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent has at least one selected from an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group, a cyclocarbonate group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group and a lower alkoxyalkyl group in order to increase the film strength of the liquid crystal alignment film. It is preferable to introduce a compound (generally referred to as a crosslinkable compound). At that time, it is necessary to have two or more of these groups in the compound. Examples of the lower alkoxyalkyl group include an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group examples include the crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group described on pages 63 to 64 of WO2014 / 171493 (published 2014.10.23). Can be mentioned.
- Specific examples of the crosslinkable compound having an oxetane group include the crosslinkable compounds of formulas [4a] to [4k] published on pages 58 to 59 of WO2011 / 132751 (published 2011.10.27). Can be mentioned.
- crosslinkable compound having a cyclocarbonate group Specific examples of the crosslinkable compound having a cyclocarbonate group are given in Formulas [5-1] to [5-42] published in WO2012 / 014898 (published on 2012.2.2) on pages 76 to 82.
- Crosslinkable compounds of. Specific examples of the crosslinkable compound having a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group and a lower alkoxyalkyl group are described on pages 65 to 66 of International Publication 2014/171493 (Published 2014.10.23), which are melamine derivatives or benzoguanamine derivatives.
- crosslinkable compounds of formulas [6-1] to [6-48] which are published in WO2011 / 132751 (published on 2011.10.27), pages 62 to 66.
- the ratio of the crosslinkable compound used in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 50 parts by mass in order to proceed the cross-linking reaction and exhibit the desired effect. Particularly preferred is 1 to 30 parts by mass.
- liquid crystal alignment treatment agent a compound that improves the uniformity of the film thickness and the surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film when the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is applied can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Further, a compound or the like that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate can also be used.
- Examples of the compound that improves the uniformity of the film thickness and the surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film include a fluorine-based surfactant, a silicone-based surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant. Specific examples thereof include surfactants described on page 67 of WO2014 / 171493 (published 2014.10.23). Further, the ratio of use thereof is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components. More preferably, it is 0.01 to 1 part by mass.
- the compound for improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the compounds described on pages 67 to 69 of International Publication WO2014 / 171493 (published 2014.10.23).
- the usage ratio is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components. More preferably, it is 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- a dielectric or a conductive substance for which the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal alignment film may be added to the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent.
- the liquid crystal composition has a liquid crystal and a dichroic dye. Therefore, in the liquid crystal dimming element of the present invention, the dichroic dye changes by 90 ° along the direction (orientation direction) of the liquid crystal director depending on the presence or absence of voltage application, so that the absorption characteristics of the dichroic dye are By using the difference, it is possible to obtain a difference in brightness (difference between colorless and transparent and colored) of the total light transmittance.
- liquid crystal a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal or a cholesteric liquid crystal can be used.
- a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy for the liquid crystal dimming element in the present invention.
- the dichroic dye when no voltage is applied, the dichroic dye is not absorbed, so that it becomes colorless and transparent, and when a voltage is applied, it is absorbed and therefore colored.
- liquid crystal having a large dielectric anisotropy and a large refractive index anisotropy is preferable.
- liquid crystal two or more kinds of liquid crystals can be mixed and used according to each physical property value of the phase transition temperature, the dielectric anisotropy and the refractive index anisotropy.
- liquid crystal dimming element as an active element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
- the electric resistance of the liquid crystal is high and the voltage holding ratio (also referred to as VHR) is high. Therefore, it is preferable to use a fluorine-based or chlorine-based liquid crystal having high electrical resistance and whose VHR is not lowered by active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- a dichroic dye is a substance capable of absorbing or deforming light in the visible light region, for example, in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm, within at least a part or the whole range. Then, when used in combination with a liquid crystal, anisotropic absorption of light is possible within at least a part or the whole range of the visible light region, and the color density of the liquid crystal dimming element, specifically, colorless and transparent and colored. And can be adjusted.
- the type of dichroic dye is not particularly limited. For example, a black dye or a color dye can be used.
- the ratio of the dichroic dye used in the liquid crystal composition is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 5 parts by mass from the viewpoint of the difference between colorless and transparent and colored (also referred to as contrast of total light transmittance).
- the liquid crystal composition can be prepared by mixing the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye. At that time, from the viewpoint of the solubility of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal, it is preferable to heat it at the time of preparation. Specifically, it is preferable to heat the liquid crystal at a temperature that does not exceed the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal light control element has a pair of substrates provided with electrodes.
- the substrate used for the liquid crystal dimming element is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and in addition to the glass substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate, a polycarbonate substrate, or a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate can be used. In particular, when used for a dimming window or the like, a plastic substrate is preferable.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal an IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) electrode, an IGZO (Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) electrode, an organic conductive film, or the like is formed. ..
- a substrate on which a metal such as a silicon wafer or aluminum or a dielectric multilayer film is formed can be used.
- the thickness of the plastic substrate is not particularly limited, but when the thickness is thin, it may be referred to as a plastic film.
- the liquid crystal dimming element has a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing a polyimide-based polymer having a specific structure on at least one of the pair of substrates.
- a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing a polyimide-based polymer having a specific structure on at least one of the pair of substrates.
- both substrates have a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, there are screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet method, dip method, roll coater method, slit coater method, spinner method, spray method and the like. , It can be appropriately selected according to the type of substrate and the thickness of the target liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent After applying the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent on the substrate, use a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven, or an IR (infrared) type oven to perform 30 to 300 depending on the type of substrate and the solvent used for the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent.
- the solvent can be evaporated at a temperature of ° C., preferably 30 to 250 ° C. to form a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a plastic substrate is used as the substrate, it is preferable to treat it at a temperature of 30 to 150 ° C.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal dimming element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the element may decrease. Therefore, the thickness is preferably 5 to 500 nm. .. More preferably, it is 10 to 300 nm. Particularly preferred is 10 to 250 nm.
- the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is subjected to a rubbing treatment method or a photoalignment treatment method.
- Orientation treatment with such as.
- VA Vertical Orient
- the liquid crystal composition used for the liquid crystal light control element is the liquid crystal composition as described above, but a spacer for controlling the electrode gap (also referred to as a gap) of the liquid crystal light control element may be introduced therein. it can.
- the method for injecting the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following methods. That is, when a glass substrate is used as the substrate, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and four pieces of the substrate on one side are coated with a sealant except for a part, and then the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film is formed. An empty cell is produced by laminating the substrate on the other side so that it is on the inside. Then, a method of injecting the liquid crystal composition under reduced pressure from a place where the sealant is not applied to obtain a liquid crystal composition injection cell can be mentioned.
- a plastic substrate is used as the substrate, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and the liquid crystal composition is dropped onto the substrate on one side by the ODF (One Drop Filling) method, the inkjet method, or the like. Then, a method of laminating the substrate on the other side to obtain a liquid crystal composition injection cell can be mentioned.
- ODF One Drop Filling
- the gap of the liquid crystal light control element can be controlled by the spacer or the like.
- Examples of the method include a method of introducing a spacer of a desired size into the liquid crystal composition, a method of using a substrate having a column spacer of the desired size, and the like. Further, when a plastic substrate is used as the substrate and the substrates are laminated by lamination, the gap can be controlled without introducing a spacer.
- the size of the gap of the liquid crystal light control element is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 1 to 50 ⁇ m. Particularly preferred is 2 to 30 ⁇ m. If the gap is too small, the contrast of the total light transmittance of the liquid crystal dimming element decreases, and if it is too large, the drive voltage of the element increases.
- the liquid crystal dimming element 1 As shown in FIG. 1, in the liquid crystal dimming element 1, the first transparent substrate 2 and the second transparent substrate 4 extending in parallel with each other at intervals and the first transparent substrate 2 and the second transparent substrate 4 extend to each other.
- the first liquid crystal alignment film 10 and the second liquid crystal formed on the opposite surfaces of the first transparent electrode 6 and the second transparent electrode 8 formed on the facing surfaces and the first transparent electrode 6 and the second transparent electrode 8 respectively.
- the alignment film 12 includes a liquid crystal layer 14 enclosed between the first liquid crystal alignment film 10 and the second liquid crystal alignment film 12, and the liquid crystal layer 14 contains a rod-shaped liquid crystal molecule 15.
- the first transparent electrode 6 and the second transparent electrode 8 are each formed of a transparent conductive film, and the transparent conductive film is formed of a transparent conductive material having a uniform thickness and forming a thin film. Further, the first transparent substrate 2 is provided with a first connection terminal 16 conducting with the first transparent electrode 6, and the second transparent substrate 4 is provided with a second connection terminal 17 conducting with the second transparent electrode 8. ing. Then, the operating voltage for driving the liquid crystal is applied between the first connection terminal 16 and the second connection terminal 17.
- at least one of the first liquid crystal alignment film 10 and the second liquid crystal alignment film 12 may be the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention, but it is preferable that both are the liquid crystal alignment films of the present invention. ..
- the liquid crystal dimming element 1 is composed of a cell having a liquid crystal molecule 15 and a dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer 14.
- the liquid crystal molecule 15 is a negative type having a negative dielectric anisotropy
- the bicolor dye molecule is a positive type dye molecule that absorbs light in the long axis direction of the molecule.
- the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 14 is adjusted by adjusting the operating voltage applied between the first transparent electrode 6 and the second transparent electrode 8 so that the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 15 is the first liquid crystal alignment film 10. This is done by changing the inclination angle of the liquid crystal molecules 15 with respect to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 14 in a state along the orientation direction determined by the second liquid crystal alignment film 12.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Flow velocity 1.0 ml / min Standard sample for preparing a calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight; about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000 and 30,000) (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight; about) 12,000, 4,000 and 1,000) (manufactured by Polymer Laboratory).
- the imidization rate is determined by using a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidization as a reference proton, and the peak integrated value of this proton and the proton peak derived from the NH group of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 ppm to 10.0 ppm. It was calculated by the following formula using the integrated value.
- Imidization rate (%) (1- ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100 (X is the integrated proton peak value derived from the NH group of amic acid, y is the integrated peak value of the reference proton, and ⁇ is the reference proton for one NH group proton of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidization rate is 0%). It is the number ratio of.)
- the Mn of this polyamic acid was 12,500 and the Mw was 45,100.
- Table 1 shows the polyimide-based polymers obtained in the synthesis example. * 1: Polyamic acid.
- Example 2 NMP (16.0 g) and BCS (15.7 g) were added to the polyamic acid solution (2) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 2, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours to treat the liquid crystal alignment. Agent (2) was obtained. No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- Example 3 K1 (0.18 g), NMP (16.0 g) and BCS (15.7 g) were added to the polyamic acid solution (2) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 2 at 25 ° C. for 6 hours. The mixture was stirred to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (3). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- Example 4 NMP (16.0 g), BCS (7.83 g) and PB (7.83 g) were added to the polyamic acid solution (3) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 3 and at 25 ° C. for 6 hours. The mixture was stirred to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (4). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- NMP 27.4 g was added to the polyimide powder (4) (2.50 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 4, and the mixture was dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. Then, PB (11.8 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (5). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- ⁇ -BL (1.60 g) was added to the polyamic acid solution (5) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 5, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, PGME (38.4 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (6). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- Example 7 ⁇ -BL (1.60 g) was added to the polyamic acid solution (6) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 6, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, PGME (38.4 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (7). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- ⁇ -BL (1.60 g) was added to the polyamic acid solution (6) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 6, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, K2 (0.10 g) and PGME (38.4 g) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (8). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- Example 9 K1 (0.13 g), NMP (23.8 g) and BCS (7.83 g) were added to the polyamic acid solution (7) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 7, and the temperature was 25 ° C. for 6 hours. The mixture was stirred to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (9). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- Example 10 K1 (0.18 g), NMP (16.0 g), BCS (7.83 g) and PB (7.83 g) were added to the polyamic acid solution (8) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 8. In addition, the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (10). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> ⁇ -BL (1.60 g) was added to the polyamic acid solution (10) (10.0 g) obtained by the method of Synthesis Example 10, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, PGME (38.4 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (12). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, and the solution was uniform.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agents obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 2. * 2: The value in parentheses indicates the amount (parts by mass) of the crosslinkable compound introduced with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide-based polymer.
- Preparation of liquid crystal composition ⁇ Preparation of liquid crystal composition (A)> MLC-6608 (Merck) (10.0g), Dichroic die Blue AB4 (NEMATEL) (0.015g), Dichroic die Yellow AG1 (NEMATEL) (0.020g) and Dichroic die Red AR1 (NEMATEL) (Manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) (0.015 g) was mixed and stirred at 80 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a liquid crystal composition (A).
- MLC-6608 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- the other components are dichroic dyes.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent obtained by the method of the example was pressure-filtered with a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m.
- the obtained solution was spin-coated on the ITO surface of a 30 ⁇ 40 mm glass substrate with an ITO electrode washed with pure water and IPA (isopropyl alcohol), and placed on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes in a heat circulation type clean oven. Heat treatment was carried out at 220 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain an ITO substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm.
- liquid crystal alignment treatment agent obtained by the method of the example was pressure-filtered with a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m.
- the obtained solution was washed with pure water and applied on the ITO surface of a 150 ⁇ 150 mm PET substrate with ITO electrode (length: 150 mm, width: 150 mm, thickness: 0.1 mm) with a bar coater and heat-circulated.
- Heat treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes in a mold clean oven to obtain an ITO substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm.
- the liquid crystal of the obtained liquid crystal dimming element When the alignment uniformity of the liquid crystal of the obtained liquid crystal dimming element was confirmed by observing with a polarizing microscope, the liquid crystal was uniformly oriented in all the liquid crystal dimming elements. In addition, all the liquid crystal dimming elements were driven by voltage application (AC drive: 5V), and the difference in brightness of the total light transmittance between no voltage application and voltage application was confirmed.
- AC drive 5V
- Examples 11 to 20, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 Using any of the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (1) to the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (12) obtained by the above method and the liquid crystal composition (A), the liquid crystal dimming element can be manufactured and the light stability can be determined by the above method. Evaluation was performed. At that time, a glass substrate was used for Examples 11 to 15, Example 19, Example 20, and Comparative Example 3, and a plastic substrate was used for Examples 16 to 18 and Comparative Example 4.
- the liquid crystal dimming element of the example using the specific diamine having a specific structure and using the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing the polyimide-based polymer having a high usage ratio has a low usage ratio.
- the change in Haze after light irradiation was smaller than that before light irradiation.
- the ratio of the specific diamine used was higher, the change in Haze after the light irradiation was smaller than that before the light irradiation in the emphasis test.
- liquid crystal dimming element of the present invention displays a display. It is useful in a target liquid crystal display, a dimming window that controls the transmission and blocking of light, an optical shutter, and the like.
- Liquid crystal dimming element 2 1st transparent substrate 4 2nd transparent substrate 6 1st transparent electrode 8 2nd transparent electrode 10 1st liquid crystal alignment film 12 2nd liquid crystal alignment film 14 Liquid crystal layer 15 Liquid crystal molecule 16 1st connection terminal 17 2 connection terminals
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Abstract
Description
特に、プラスチック基板(或いはフィルム基板ともいう。)を用いた液晶調光素子は、ガラス基板のものに比べて、その軽量性や形状加工の容易さに優れることから、既存の窓ガラスへの後貼りが可能となり、今後、市場拡大が見込まれる。
液晶調光素子の方式は、種々知られているが、その一つに、二色性色素と液晶を用いたゲストホスト型液晶を用いる方式がある(特許文献1、2参照)。
そこで本発明は、紫外線を含む光に対する安定性が高い、即ち、光照射に伴う光学特性の低下が起こらない液晶調光素子を提供することを目的とする。
即ち、電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶組成物を含む液晶層を有し、且つ、前記一対の基板の少なくとも一方の基板が液晶を垂直に配向させるような液晶配向膜を備える、電圧印加により吸光状態を制御する液晶調光素子であって、
前記液晶組成物が、液晶及び二色性色素を含み、
前記液晶配向膜が、下記式[1-1]及び式[1-2]から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造(以下、「特定構造」ともいう。)を有するジアミンを原料の一部に用いたポリイミド前駆体又は該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化したポリイミド(ポリイミド系重合体ともいう。)を含む液晶配向処理剤から得られ、
前記ジアミンの使用割合が、前記ポリイミド前駆体又は前記ポリイミドにおけるジアミン成分全体に対して、50~100モル%であることを特徴とする液晶調光素子である。
特定構造は、上記式[1-1]又は式[1-2]の構造である。
式[1-1]中、X1~X6及びXnは、上記に定義した通りであるが、なかでも、それぞれ、下記のものが好ましい。
X1は、原料の入手性や合成の容易さの点から、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましいのは、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~10の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-である。
X2は、単結合又は-(CH2)b-(bは1~10の整数である)が好ましい。
X3は、合成の容易さの点から、単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~15の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましいのは、単結合、-(CH2)c-(cは1~10の整数である)、-O-、-CH2O-又は-COO-である。
X4は、合成の容易さの点から、2価の環状基であるベンゼン環、2価の環状基であるシクロへキサン環又はステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の2価の有機基が好ましい。
X5は、2価の環状基であるベンゼン環又は2価の環状基であるシクロへキサン環が好ましい。
X6は、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基又は炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルコキシ基が好ましい。より好ましいのは、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基である。特に好ましいのは、炭素数1~9のアルキル基又は炭素数1~9のアルコキシ基である。
Xnは、原料の入手性や合成の容易さの点から、0~3が好ましい。より好ましいのは、0~2である。
X7は、単結合、-O-、-CH2O-、-CONH-、-CON(CH3)-又は-COO-が好ましい。より好ましいのは、単結合、-O-、-CONH-又は-COO-である。
X8は、炭素数8~18のアルキル基が好ましい。
ポリイミド系重合体は、上記式[1-1]及び式[1-2]から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を有するジアミンを原料の一部に用いたポリイミド前駆体又は該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化したポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体(ポリイミド系重合体)である。その際、ポリイミド前駆体またはポリイミドは、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とを反応させて得ることができる。
ジアミン成分としては、分子内に第一級又は第二級のアミノ基を2個有するジアミンであり、テトラカルボン酸成分としては、テトラカルボン酸化合物、テトラカルボン酸二無水物、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド化合物、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル化合物又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライド化合物が挙げられる。
Xmは、1~4の整数を示す。なかでも、1又は2が好ましい。Xmが2以上の場合、複数のXはそれぞれ独立して前記定義を有する。
特定テトラカルボン酸成分及びその他のテトラカルボン酸成分は、各特性に応じて、1種又は2種以上を混合して使用できる。
具体的には、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、γ-ブチロラクトン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド又は1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンなどが挙げられる。また、ポリイミド前駆体の溶媒溶解性が高い場合は、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン又は下記式[D1]~式[D3]の溶媒を用いることができる。
液晶配向処理剤は、液晶配向膜を形成するための溶液であり、特定構造を有するポリイミド系重合体及び溶媒を含有する溶液である。その際、特定構造を有するポリイミド系重合体は、2種類以上のものを用いることができる。
ここでの原料とは、テトラカルボン酸成分を指すのはなく、ジアミン成分も含んだ原料を指す。そのため、式[2]のテトラカルボン酸を原料の一部に用いたポリイミド前駆体又は該ポリイミド前駆体における式[2]のテトラカルボン酸の使用割合は、テトラカルボン酸成分全体に対して、100モル%であってもよい。
例えば、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノンなどである。なかでも、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はγ-ブチロラクトンを用いることが好ましい。また、これらは単独で使用しても、混合して使用してもよい。
溶媒B類の具体例は、国際公開公報WO2014/171493(2014.10.23公開)の58頁~60頁に記載される溶媒B類が挙げられる。なかでも、1-ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、1,2-エタンジオール、1,2-プロパンジオール、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン又は上記式[D1]~式[D3]を用いることが好ましい。
液晶配向処理剤の塗布性を改善する目的では、上記溶媒A類のN-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はγ-ブチロラクトンを上記溶剤B類と併用して用いることが好ましい。より好ましいのは、γ-ブチロラクトンを併用することである。
また、溶媒A類と溶媒B類とを併用する際、溶媒B類は、液晶配向処理剤に含まれる溶媒全体の1~99質量%が好ましい。なかでも、10~99質量%がより好ましい。特に好ましいのは、20~95質量%である。
低級アルコキシアルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数1~3のアルコキシアルキル基が挙げられる。
オキセタン基を有する架橋性化合物の具体例は、国際公開公報WO2011/132751(2011.10.27公開)の58頁~59頁に掲載される式[4a]~式[4k]の架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び低級アルコキシアルキル基を有する架橋性化合物の具体例は、国際公開公報2014/171493(2014.10.23公開)の65頁~66頁に記載されるメラミン誘導体又はベンゾグアナミン誘導体、及び国際公開公報WO2011/132751(2011.10.27公開)の62頁~66頁に掲載される、式[6-1]~式[6-48]の架橋性化合物が挙げられる。
液晶配向処理剤には、上記以外の化合物の他に、液晶配向膜の誘電率や導電性などの電気特性を変化させる目的の誘電体や導電物質を添加してもよい。
液晶組成物は、液晶及び二色性色素を有する。そのため、本発明の液晶調光素子は、電圧印加の有無により、二色性色素が液晶のダイレクターの方向(配向の方向)に沿って90°変化するため、二色性色素の吸光特性の違いを利用することで、全光線透過率の明暗差(無色透明と有色の差)を得ることができる。
二色性色素の種類は、特に限定されない。例えば、黒色色素(Black dye)やカラー色素(Color dye)を用いることができる。
液晶調光素子は、電極を備えた一対の基板を有する。
液晶調光素子に用いる基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板の他、アクリル基板、ポリカーボネート基板、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板などのプラスチック基板を用いることができる。特に、調光窓などに用いる場合には、プラスチック基板が好ましい。また、プロセスの簡素化の観点からは、液晶駆動のためのITO電極、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide)電極、IGZO(Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide)電極、有機導電膜などが形成された基板を用いることが好ましい。また、反射型の液晶調光素子とする場合には、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハやアルミニウムなどの金属や誘電体多層膜が形成された基板を使用できる。
なお、プラスチック基板の厚みとしては特に限定されないが、その厚みが薄い場合、プラスチックフィルムと称されることもある。
焼成後の液晶配向膜の厚みは、厚すぎると液晶調光素子の消費電力の面で不利となり、薄すぎると素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、好ましいのは、5~500nmである。より好ましいのは、10~300nmである。特に好ましいのは、10~250nmである。
液晶調光素子のギャップの大きさは、1~100μmが好ましい。より好ましいのは、1~50μmである。特に好ましいのは、2~30μmである。ギャップが小さすぎると、液晶調光素子の全光線透過率のコントラストが低下し、大きすぎると、素子の駆動電圧が高くなる。
図1に示すように、液晶調光素子1は、互いに間隔をおいて平行に延在する第1透明基板2及び第2透明基板4と、第1透明基板2及び第2透明基板4の互いに対面する面に形成された第1透明電極6及び第2透明電極8と、第1透明電極6及び第2透明電極8の向かい合う面のそれぞれに形成される第1液晶配向膜10及び第2液晶配向膜12と、第1液晶配向膜10及び第2液晶配向膜12の間に封入される液晶層14とを備え、液晶層14には棒状を呈する液晶分子15が含まれている。
第1透明電極6及び第2透明電極8は、それぞれ透明導電膜で形成され、透明導電膜は、透明な導電材料が均一の厚さで薄膜状に形成されている。
また、第1透明基板2には第1透明電極6に導通する第1接続端子16が設けられ、第2透明基板4には第2透明電極8に導通する第2接続端子17とが設けられている。
そして、第1接続端子16及び第2接続端子17の間に液晶駆動用の動作電圧が印加されるように構成されている。
なお、本例においては、第1液晶配向膜10及び第2液晶配向膜12の少なくともいずれかが本発明の液晶配向膜であればよいが、両方が本発明の液晶配向膜であることが好ましい。
液晶層14を透過する光の光透過量の調整は、第1透明電極6及び第2透明電極8の間に印加される動作電圧により、液晶分子15の長軸方向が第1液晶配向膜10及び第2液晶配向膜12で決定される配向方向に沿った状態で液晶層14の厚さ方向に対する液晶分子15の傾斜角が変化されることによりなされる。
以下で用いる略号は下記の通りである。
「ポリイミド系重合体に用いる化合物類」
<特定ジアミン>
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
γ-BL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
PB:プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
PGME:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(GPC-101)(昭和電工社製)、カラム(KD-803,KD-805)(Shodex社製)を用いて、以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム一水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L(リットル)、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、150,000、100,000及び30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、4,000及び1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
(xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。)
<合成例1>
C1(3.20g,16.3mmol)、A1(3.78g,9.93mmol)及びB1(0.72g,6.66mmol)をNMP(23.1g)中で混合し、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(1)を得た。このポリアミド酸の数平均分子量(Mnともいう。)は23,200、重量平均分子量(Mwともいう。)は71,700であった。
C1(2.60g,13.3mmol)及びA1(5.12g,13.5mmol)をNMP(23.2g)中で混合し、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(2)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは19,800、Mwは63,200であった。
C2(3.57g,14.3mmol)、A3(4.70g,10.9mmol)及びB2(1.10g,7.23mmol)をNMP(20.2g)中で混合し、80℃で6時間反応させた後、C1(0.70g,3.57mmol)とNMP(10.1g)を加え、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(3)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは20,800、Mwは65,700であった。
合成例3の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(3)(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.50g)及びピリジン(2.65g)を加え、60℃で4時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(450ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(4)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は78%であり、Mnは17,100、Mwは49,800であった。
C4(1.52g,7.67mmol)、A2(3.06g,7.75mmol)及びB2(0.79g,5.19mmol)をγ-BL(17.0g)中で混合し、60℃で8時間反応させた後、C1(1.00g,5.10mmol)とγ-BL(8.49g)を加え、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(5)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは16,900、Mwは50,200であった。
C4(1.21g,6.11mmol)及びA2(4.08g,10.3mmol)をγ-BL(16.3g)中で混合し、60℃で8時間反応させた後、C1(0.80g,4.08mmol)とγ-BL(8.13g)を加え、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(6)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは12,500、Mwは45,100であった。
C3(3.10g,13.8mmol)、A4(3.47g,7.04mmol)及びB2(1.07g,7.03mmol)をNMP(22.9g)中で混合し、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(7)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは15,800、Mwは43,500であった。
C1(2.60g,13.3mmol)及びA5(5.07g,13.5mmol)をNMP(23.0g)中で混合し、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(8)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは17,200、Mwは60,900であった。
C1(3.80g,19.4mmol)、A1(2.25g,5.91mmol)及びB1(1.49g,13.8mmol)をNMP(22.6g)中で混合し、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が25質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(9)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは25,800、Mwは76,100であった。
C4(1.82g,9.19mmol)、A2(1.84g,4.66mmol)及びB2(1.65g,10.8mmol)をγ-BL(17.4g)中で混合し、60℃で8時間反応させた後、C1(1.20g,6.12mmol)とγ-BL(8.68g)を加え、40℃で12時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度が20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液(10)を得た。このポリアミド酸のMnは18,500、Mwは53,800であった。
<実施例1>
合成例1の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(1)(10.0g)に、NMP(16.0g)及びBCS(15.7g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(1)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例2の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(2)(10.0g)に、NMP(16.0g)及びBCS(15.7g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(2)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例2の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(2)(10.0g)に、K1(0.18g)、NMP(16.0g)及びBCS(15.7g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(3)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例3の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(3)(10.0g)に、NMP(16.0g)、BCS(7.83g)及びPB(7.83g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(4)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例4の手法で得られたポリイミド粉末(4)(2.50g)に、NMP(27.4g)を加え、70℃で24時間撹拌して溶解させた。その後、PB(11.8g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(5)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例5の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(5)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.60g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌した。その後、PGME(38.4g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(6)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例6の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(6)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.60g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌した。その後、PGME(38.4g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(7)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例6の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(6)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.60g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌した。その後、K2(0.10g)及びPGME(38.4g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(8)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例7の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(7)(10.0g)に、K1(0.13g)、NMP(23.8g)及びBCS(7.83g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(9)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例8の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(8)(10.0g)に、K1(0.18g)、NMP(16.0g)、BCS(7.83g)及びPB(7.83g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(10)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例9の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(9)(10.0g)に、NMP(16.0g)及びBCS(15.7g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(11)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
合成例10の手法で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(10)(10.0g)に、γ-BL(1.60g)を加え、25℃で4時間撹拌した。その後、PGME(38.4g)を加え、25℃で6時間撹拌して、液晶配向処理剤(12)を得た。この液晶配向処理剤には、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であった。
<液晶組成物(A)の作製>
MLC-6608(メルク社製)(10.0g)、Dichroic dye Blue AB4(NEMATEL社製)(0.015g)、Dichroic dye Yellow AG1(NEMATEL社製)(0.020g)及びDichroic dye Red AR1(NEMATEL社製)(0.015g)を混合し、80℃で24時間撹拌して、液晶組成物(A)を得た。
なお、上記成分中、MLC-6608(メルク社製)が液晶であり、他の成分が二色性色素である。
実施例の手法で得られた液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。得られた溶液を純水及びIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)で洗浄した30×40mmのITO電極付きガラス基板のITO面上にスピンコートし、ホットプレート上にて80℃で2分間、熱循環型クリーンオーブンにて220℃で30分間加熱処理をして、膜厚が100nmの液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を得た。この液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚用意し、液晶配向膜面を内側にして6μmのスペーサーを挟んで組み合わせ、シール剤で周囲を接着して空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶組成物(A)を注入し、注入口を封止して液晶調光素子(ガラス基板)を得た。
得られた液晶調光素子を、偏光顕微鏡観察により液晶の配向均一性を確認したところ、いずれの液晶調光素子とも、液晶は均一に配向していた。また、すべての液晶調光素子とも、電圧印加(交流駆動:5V)により駆動し、電圧無印加と電圧印加による全光線透過率の明暗差を確認した。
実施例の手法で得られた液晶配向処理剤を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。得られた溶液を純水で洗浄した150×150mmのITO電極付きPET基板(縦:150mm、横:150mm、厚さ:0.1mm)のITO面上にバーコーターにて塗布をし、熱循環型クリーンオーブンにて120℃で2分間加熱処理をして、膜厚が100nmの液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を得た。この液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚用意し、その一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に、6μmのスペーサーを塗布した。その後、この基板の周囲に紫外線硬化型のシール剤を描画して、ODF法にて、液晶組成物(A)を滴下し、次いで、他方の基板の液晶配向膜面が向き合うように貼り合わせ、及びシール剤の硬化処理を行い、液晶調光素子(プラスチック基板)を得た。なお、ODF法にて、液晶組成物(A)の滴下、貼り合わせ及びシール剤の硬化処理を行う際には、ITO電極付きPET基板の支持基板としてガラス基板を用いた。
得られた液晶調光素子を、偏光顕微鏡観察により液晶の配向均一性を確認したところ、いずれの液晶調光素子とも、液晶は均一に配向していた。また、すべての液晶調光素子とも、電圧印加(交流駆動:5V)により駆動し、電圧無印加と電圧印加による全光線透過率の明暗差を確認した。
本評価は、光照射前(初期)と光照射後の液晶調光素子の電圧印加状態(交流駆動:5V)のHaze(曇り度)を測定することで行った。具体的には、光照射装置に、Q-SUN Xe-1 Xenon Test Chamber(Q-LAB社製)(カットフィルター:Day Light F Filter,層内温度:60℃)を用いて、液晶調光素子に336時間光照射した。なお、本評価では、光照射前に対する光照射後のHazeの変化が小さいものほど、光安定性に優れるとした。その際、実施例11~実施例13及び実施例16~実施例18においては、上記の標準試験に加え、強調試験として、672時間光照射した後の測定も行った。なお、評価方法は上記と同様である。
上記の手法で得られた液晶配向処理剤(1)~液晶配向処理剤(12)のいずれかと、液晶組成物(A)を用いて、前記手法で液晶調光素子の作製及び光安定性の評価を行った。その際、実施例11~実施例15、実施例19、実施例20及び比較例3はガラス基板を用い、実施例16~実施例18及び比較例4はプラスチック基板を用いた。
また、特定ジアミンの使用割合が、より高い場合、強調試験において、光照射前に対する光照射後のHazeの変化が小さくなった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例11と実施例12との比較、及び実施例16と実施例17との比較である。
更に、液晶配向処理剤に架橋性化合物を導入した場合、光照射前に対する光照射後のHazeの変化が小さくなった。具体的には、同一の条件での比較において、実施例12と実施例13との比較、及び実施例17と実施例18との比較である。
また、本発明の液晶調光素子は、表示を目的とする液晶ディスプレイや光の透過と遮断を制御する調光窓や光シャッターなどにおいて有用である。
2 第1透明基板
4 第2透明基板
6 第1透明電極
8 第2透明電極
10 第1液晶配向膜
12 第2液晶配向膜
14 液晶層
15 液晶分子
16 第1接続端子
17 第2接続端子
Claims (9)
- 電極を備えた一対の基板の間に液晶組成物を含む液晶層を有し、且つ、前記一対の基板の少なくとも一方の基板が液晶を垂直に配向させるような液晶配向膜を備える、電圧印加により吸光状態を制御する液晶調光素子であって、
前記液晶組成物が、液晶及び二色性色素を含み、
前記液晶配向膜が、下記式[1-1]及び式[1-2]から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を有するジアミンを原料の一部に用いたポリイミド前駆体又は該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化したポリイミドを含む液晶配向処理剤から得られ、
前記ジアミンの使用割合が、前記ポリイミド前駆体又は前記ポリイミドにおけるジアミン成分全体に対して、50~100モル%であることを特徴とする液晶調光素子。
- 前記ジアミンの使用割合が、前記ポリイミド前駆体又は前記ポリイミドにおける前記ジアミン成分全体に対して、80~100モル%である請求項1に記載の液晶調光素子。
- 前記ジアミンの使用割合が、前記ポリイミド前駆体又は前記ポリイミドにおける前記ジアミン成分全体に対して、100モル%である請求項1に記載の液晶調光素子。
- 前記液晶配向処理剤が、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、オキセタン基、シクロカーボネート基、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基及び炭素数1~3のアルコキシアルキル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種を有する化合物を含む請求項1~請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶調光素子。
- 前記基板が、ガラス基板又はプラスチック基板である請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶調光素子。
- 請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶調光素子に用いる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項8に記載の液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向処理剤。
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