WO2021063236A1 - 车辆的驱动桥组件 - Google Patents

车辆的驱动桥组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021063236A1
WO2021063236A1 PCT/CN2020/117302 CN2020117302W WO2021063236A1 WO 2021063236 A1 WO2021063236 A1 WO 2021063236A1 CN 2020117302 W CN2020117302 W CN 2020117302W WO 2021063236 A1 WO2021063236 A1 WO 2021063236A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
gear
oil
shift fork
drive axle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/117302
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方泽铭
魏海龙
全初鹏
刘辉跃
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to EP20870970.9A priority Critical patent/EP4039496B1/en
Priority to US17/765,414 priority patent/US11808334B2/en
Publication of WO2021063236A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021063236A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0813—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft
    • F16H37/082—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one input shaft and additional planetary reduction gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B60B35/121—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub
    • B60B35/122—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub using gearings
    • B60B35/125—Power-transmission from drive shaft to hub using gearings of the planetary type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B60B35/16—Axle housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
    • F16H57/0424—Lubricant guiding means in the wall of or integrated with the casing, e.g. grooves, channels, holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
    • F16H57/0426—Means for guiding lubricant into an axial channel of a shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts
    • F16H57/0431—Means for guiding lubricant directly onto a tooth surface or to foot areas of a gear, e.g. by holes or grooves in a tooth flank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0456—Lubrication by injection; Injection nozzles or tubes therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0457—Splash lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0476—Electric machines and gearing, i.e. joint lubrication or cooling or heating thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0482—Gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H57/0483—Axle or inter-axle differentials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of vehicles, and in particular to a drive axle assembly of a vehicle.
  • the drive axle assembly of the vehicle has a poor lubrication effect on the parts in the drive axle assembly during the working process, resulting in a reduction in transmission efficiency between gears and between various parts, and abnormal noise problems will occur, and, Insufficient lubrication of parts can also lead to a reduction in the service life of each part.
  • one purpose of the present application is to provide a drive axle assembly of a vehicle, which can deliver oil to the parts that need lubrication, and can prolong the service life of each part in the drive axle assembly.
  • the drive axle assembly of the vehicle includes: a motor; a first gear, a second gear, a first shaft, and a second shaft that are sequentially connected to the motor, and the first shaft and the second shaft are both hollow shafts; A first shaft and a second shaft that are dynamically coupled with a motor, the first shaft and the second shaft are both hollow shafts, the first shaft is provided with a right planetary row mechanism, and the second shaft is provided with a left planetary row mechanism
  • the right sun gear of the right planetary gear mechanism is connected to the first shaft; the left sun gear of the left planetary gear mechanism is connected to the second shaft; the right sun gear rotates synchronously with the first shaft, so
  • the right sun gear has a right central oil passage and a right radial oil passage communicating with the right central oil passage, the right central oil passage communicates with the first shaft; the second shaft rotates synchronously, the left
  • the sun gear has a left central oil passage and a left radial oil passage communicating with the left central oil passage, the left central oil
  • gearbox right shift fork, said right shift fork is movable between a first position and a second position; right inner gear bracket; right sun gear and right inner planetary gear arranged in said right inner gear bracket And the right outer planetary gear, the right inner planetary gear meshes with the right sun gear, the right outer planet gear meshes with the right inner planet gear and the right inner ring gear carrier, the right sun gear meshes with The first shaft rotates synchronously, the right sun gear has a right central oil passage and a right radial oil passage communicating with the right central oil passage, the right central oil passage communicates with the first shaft; the right planet A carrier, the right planet carrier is connected to the right inner planetary wheel and the right outer planetary wheel; the left shift fork, the left shift fork is movable between the third position and the fourth position; the left inner gear ring
  • the bracket; the left sun gear and the left planetary gear provided in the left inner ring gear bracket, the left sun gear and the right inner ring gear bracket rotate coaxially, the left planet
  • the oil can be delivered to the parts that need lubrication, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the drive axle assembly, reduce the working noise of the vehicle, and extend the drive axle.
  • the service life of each part in the assembly can improve the transmission efficiency of the drive axle assembly, reduce the working noise of the vehicle, and extend the drive axle.
  • the gearbox includes a right end cover, the right end cover has a pump body, the pump body has an oil inlet and an oil outlet, and the oil outlet is in communication with the first shaft, The oil inlet is communicated with the inside of the gearbox.
  • a filter is provided at the oil inlet.
  • first oil supply branch in the right end cover, and the filter and the oil inlet are connected through the first oil supply branch.
  • the second oil supply branch communicates with the oil outlet, and the second oil supply branch is connected by a connecting pipe.
  • the meshing position between the first gear and the second gear supplies oil.
  • the drive axle assembly of the vehicle further includes: a shift solenoid valve, which is connected to the left shift fork and the right shift fork to drive the left shift Fork and the right shift fork move.
  • the shift solenoid valve includes: an intake pipe, the intake pipe is in communication with an air source; an exhaust pipe; a right valve seat, the right valve seat is a hollow structure, the right The valve seat has a first gas passage and a second gas passage; a right valve core, the right valve core is movably arranged in the right valve seat, so as to be suitable for dividing the inner space of the right valve seat into a first cavity And the second cavity, the first gas channel is in communication with the first cavity, and the second gas channel is in communication with the second cavity.
  • the right spool moves, the right spool is connected to the right fork; the first solenoid valve, the first solenoid valve is connected to the first gas passage, the intake pipe, and the exhaust pipe.
  • a second solenoid valve Connected and communicated to control the on and off of the first gas passage; a second solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve is connected and communicated with the second gas passage, the intake pipe, and the exhaust pipe , To control the on and off of the second gas passage; left valve seat, the left valve seat is a hollow structure, the left valve seat has a third gas passage and a fourth gas passage; the left valve core, the left valve The core is movably arranged in the left valve seat so as to be suitable for dividing the internal space of the left valve seat into a third cavity and a fourth cavity.
  • the third gas passage is in communication with the third cavity, and the The fourth gas passage is in communication with the fourth cavity, and the left spool is driven to move by controlling the air pressure of the third cavity and the fourth cavity, and the left spool is connected with the left shift fork; third A solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve is connected and communicated with the third gas passage, the intake pipe, and the exhaust pipe to control the on and off of the third gas passage; the fourth solenoid valve, The fourth solenoid valve is connected and communicated with the fourth gas passage, the intake pipe, and the exhaust pipe to control the on-off of the fourth gas passage.
  • the exhaust duct is provided with a silencer.
  • the left shift fork passes through the left valve seat, and the left shift fork is connected to the left valve core by a left threaded member; the right shift fork passes through the left valve seat.
  • the right valve seat, and the right shift fork and the right valve core are connected by a right threaded member.
  • the drive axle assembly of the vehicle further includes: a left half shaft, the left half shaft is connected with the differential to the right half shaft, and the right half shaft is connected to the differential. Connected, the right half shaft and the differential are connected through a differential lock, the differential lock can be switched between the locked state and the unlocked state, when the differential lock is in the locked state, the The left half shaft and the right half shaft rotate at the same speed; when the differential lock is in an unlocked state, the rotation speeds of the left half shaft and the right half shaft are different.
  • the left half shaft is provided with a left gear sleeve
  • the right half shaft is provided with a right gear sleeve
  • the right gear sleeve is movably sleeved on the right half shaft
  • the quick lock includes: a stop lever, the stop lever is arranged in the differential; a shift lever, the shift lever is sleeved on the stop lever, and the shift lever extends along the stop
  • the stop rod is movable between the locked position and the unlocked position, the fork rod is connected with the right gear sleeve; a pneumatic assembly, the pneumatic assembly is connected with the fork rod to drive the fork rod to move ;
  • Spring the spring is sleeved on the stop lever to drive the fork lever to switch to the unlocked position; when the fork lever is in the locked position, the differential lock is in the The locked state; when the fork lever is in the unlocked position, the differential lock is in the unlocked state.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of assembly of the wheel hub assembly and brake of the drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the gearbox and the motor of the drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the drive axle assembly according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a half cross-sectional view of a part of the structure of the drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the internal gear transmission structure of the gearbox of the drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 7 is an assembly schematic diagram of the shift solenoid valve, the right shift fork and the left shift fork of the drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a shift solenoid valve of a drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the lubricating oil passage of the drive axle assembly according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of assembling the differential lock and the half shaft of the drive axle assembly according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a differential lock of a drive axle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 includes: a motor 1, a left planetary row, a right planetary row, a first gear 11, a second gear 12, a first shaft 13, a second shaft 14.
  • Gearbox 2 right shift fork 3, right inner gear bracket 4, right sun gear 41, right inner planetary gear 42 and right outer planetary gear 43, right planet carrier 44, left shift fork 5, left inner gear bracket 6.
  • the output shaft of the motor 1, the first gear 11, the second gear 12, the first shaft 13 and the second shaft 14 are connected in sequence.
  • the first shaft 13 and the second shaft 14 are all set as hollow shafts, and the right shift fork 3 is in the first It can move between the position and the second position.
  • the first position refers to the left end of the right fork 3 in Figure 4
  • the second position refers to the right end of the right fork 3 in Figure 4, the right sun gear 41 and the right inner planetary wheel 42.
  • the right outer planetary gear 43 are arranged in the right inner gear carrier 4, the right inner planetary gear 42 is meshed with the right sun gear 41, the right outer planetary gear 43 is meshed with the right inner planetary gear 42, the right inner gear carrier 4, and the right
  • the sun gear 41 is connected to the first shaft 13 and the right sun gear 41 rotates synchronously with the first shaft 13.
  • the right planetary carrier 44 is connected to the right inner planetary wheel 42 and the right outer planetary wheel 43.
  • the left shift fork 5 is movable between the third position and the fourth position.
  • the third position refers to the right end of the left shift fork 5 in FIG. 4
  • the fourth position refers to the left end of the left and right shift fork 3 in Figure 4, the left sun gear 61 and the left planetary gear 62 are arranged in the left inner ring gear holder 6, the left sun gear 61 and the right inner gear holder 4 rotate coaxially, left
  • the planetary gear 62 meshes with the left sun gear 61 and the left inner ring gear carrier 6, the left sun gear 61 is connected to the second shaft 14 and the left sun gear 61 rotates synchronously with the second shaft 14, and the driving gear 7 is connected to the left through the left planet carrier.
  • the planetary gear 62 rotates synchronously, and the differential 8 is connected with the driving gear 7.
  • the right planetary carrier 44 is connected to the housing of the gearbox 2.
  • the right planetary carrier 44 is connected to the first shaft 13.
  • the left inner gear bracket 6 is connected to the gearbox 2, and when the left shift fork 5 is in the fourth position, the left inner gear bracket 6 is connected to the second shaft 14.
  • the right shift fork 3 is in the first position
  • the left shift fork 5 is in the third position
  • the right planetary carrier 44 is connected to the housing of the gearbox 2.
  • the left ring gear bracket 6 is connected to the housing of the gearbox 2.
  • the power of the motor 1 is sequentially transmitted to the first gear, the second gear and the first shaft, and then the first shaft drives the right sun gear 41 to rotate, and then the right sun gear 41
  • the power is sequentially transmitted to the right inner planetary gear 42, the right outer planetary gear 43, the right inner ring gear carrier 4, the second shaft, and then the second shaft drives the left sun gear 61 to rotate, and then the left sun gear 61 transmits the power to the left in turn
  • the planetary gear 62, the left planet carrier 63, the driving gear 7, and then the driving gear 7 transmits the power to the differential 8.
  • the differential 8 transmits the power to the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 to achieve the purpose of driving the wheels to rotate .
  • the right shift fork 3 is in the second position
  • the left shift fork 5 is in the third position
  • the right planet carrier 44 is connected to the first shaft 13
  • the left ring gear carrier 6 is connected to the housing of the gearbox 2.
  • the power of the motor 1 is sequentially transmitted to the first gear, the second gear and the first shaft, and then the first shaft drives the right planetary carrier 44 to rotate the right inner planetary gear 42, the right outer planetary gear 43, and then the right outer planetary gear
  • the wheel 43 drives the right inner ring gear carrier 4 to rotate with the second shaft
  • the second shaft drives the left sun gear 61 to rotate
  • the left sun gear 61 transmits power to the left planetary gear 62, the left planet carrier 63, and the driving gear 7 in turn.
  • the driving gear 7 transmits the power to the differential 8
  • the differential 8 transmits the power to the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 to achieve the purpose of driving the wheels to rotate.
  • the right shift fork 3 is in the first position
  • the left shift fork 5 is in the fourth position
  • the right planet carrier 44 is connected to the housing of the gearbox 2
  • the left ring gear carrier 6 is connected to the second shaft 14 is connected
  • the power of the motor 1 is sequentially transmitted to the first gear, the second gear and the first shaft
  • the first shaft drives the right sun gear 41 to rotate
  • the right sun gear 41 transmits the power to the right inner planetary gear 42 and the right
  • the outer planetary gear 43, the right inner gear carrier 4, the second shaft, and then the second axle drives the left inner gear carrier 6 to rotate the left planetary gear 62
  • the left planetary gear 62 transmits the power to the left planet carrier 63
  • the active The gear 7, and then the driving gear 7 transmits the power to the differential 8
  • the differential 8 transmits the power to the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 to achieve the purpose of driving the wheels to rotate.
  • the right fork 3 is in the second position
  • the left fork 5 is in the fourth position
  • the right planet carrier 44 is connected to the first shaft 13
  • the left ring gear carrier 6 is connected to the second shaft 14.
  • the power of the motor 1 is sequentially transmitted to the first gear, the second gear and the first shaft, and then the first shaft drives the right planetary carrier 44 to rotate the right inner planetary gear 42, the right outer planetary gear 43, and then the right outer planetary gear 43
  • Drive the right ring gear carrier 4 to rotate with the second shaft
  • the second axis drives the left ring gear carrier 6 to rotate with the left planetary gear 62
  • the left planetary gear 62 transmits the power to the left planet carrier 63 and the driving gear 7
  • the driving gear 7 transmits the power to the differential 8
  • the differential 8 transmits the power to the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 to achieve the purpose of driving the wheels to rotate.
  • the motor 1 is driven by a three-phase external power supply.
  • the motor 1 can be fixed on the housing of the gearbox 2 by bolts.
  • the outer spline of the output shaft of the motor 1 is connected with the inner spline of the first gear 11.
  • the power is output to the first gear 11.
  • Both ends of the first gear 11 are provided with angular contact ball bearings to support the first gear 11 on the housing of the gearbox 2.
  • the first gear 11 transmits the power to the second gear 12.
  • the second gear 12 is mounted on the housing of the gearbox 2 through a pair of tapered roller bearings.
  • the second gear 12 transmits power to the first shaft 13, and both ends of the first shaft 13 are provided with cylindrical roller bearings to support the gearbox.
  • the inner spline machined on the left end of the first shaft 13 is connected to the right sun gear 41
  • the outer spline machined on the right end of the first shaft 13 is connected to the right coupling gear 30, and the right sun gear 41 is connected to the right inner planet.
  • the gear 42 meshes for transmission.
  • the right inner planetary gear 42 meshes with the right outer planetary gear 43 for transmission.
  • the right inner planetary gear 42 and the right outer planetary gear 43 can be assembled on the right planetary carrier 44 through the planetary shaft pin 301.
  • the outer diameter of the right planet carrier 44 can be fixed to the transmission by a cylindrical pin 303. Box 2 on the shell.
  • the second shaft 14 can pass angular contact bearings and rollers.
  • the needle bearing is fixed on the housing of the gearbox 2 and the left planet carrier 63, the outer spline of the second shaft 14 is connected with the right inner gear bracket 4, the middle of the second shaft 14 is connected with the left sun gear 61, and the second shaft
  • the left end of 14 is connected to the left coupling gear 305, the left end of the second shaft 14 is connected to the induction wheel 306, and the gear shift is controlled by the connected vehicle speed sensor 307.
  • the left sun gear 61 is meshed with the left planetary gear 62, and the left planetary gear 62 is connected with the left tooth.
  • the ring 64 meshes, the left ring gear 64 and the left internal gear carrier 6 are connected by helical teeth, the left internal gear carrier 6 and the left gear seat 308 are connected by splines, and the left planetary gear 62 is assembled on the left planet carrier 63 through a planetary shaft.
  • the right side of the left planet carrier 63 is supported on the housing of the gearbox 2 through two cylindrical roller bearings.
  • the left shift fork 5 can be fixed on the housing of the gearbox 2 through a cylindrical pin 303, and the left shift fork 5 is moved
  • the left sliding gear sleeve 309 is driven to move between the third position and the fourth position, thereby changing the speed ratio and transmitting power.
  • the driving gear 7 is splined with the left planet carrier 63
  • the differential 8 is fixed on the housing of the gearbox 2 with bolts, and the power output by the gearbox 2 is transmitted to the output gear 84 of the differential 8 via the driving gear 7 on.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 of the present application adopts a double planetary gear shift structure, and only has one main shaft, namely the second shaft 14.
  • the shift gear system is small in size, easy to process, and low in cost.
  • the entire drive axle assembly 10 is light in weight, Small size, by using two sets of planetary gear trains to control the movement of the sliding gear sleeve, control whether the planet carrier is fixed or not, and realize the power transmission of 4 gears.
  • the speed ratio covers the area and the transmission torque is larger. It can cope with a variety of even complex tasks.
  • the entire powertrain adopts helical gears, so that the transmission of the entire drive axle assembly 10 is stable and the noise is lower. When working in different gears, some of the meshing gears do not rotate relative to each other, and the entire left planetary row does not move when in neutral. , Can improve the service life of the gear.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 provided by the above technical solution has a small volume, which facilitates the overall layout of the entire vehicle, the vehicle has a larger ground clearance, and the vehicle has better passability.
  • the motor 1 is smaller in size, lighter in weight, and has a higher speed. The moment of inertia of the motor 1 is smaller, which is conducive to shifting. The highest efficiency of the motor 1 is relatively improved. The entire motor 1 speed efficiency range covers a wider area, which is more than 90%. The efficiency accounts for 90.2% of the total efficiency zone, which can effectively improve the use economy.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 adopts two sets of planetary gear shift structure, the second shaft 14 is the main shaft, the shift gear is small in size, easy to process, and low in cost.
  • the driving process of the whole vehicle will make the axle assembly and power
  • the assembly bonding surface produces a small torque to avoid the occurrence of oil leakage or oil leakage due to cracking of the bonding surface or large strain.
  • the gears in the drive axle assembly 10 transmit torque, the gears have no idle gears, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the drive axle assembly 10 and reduce the working noise of the vehicle.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 has many gears, which can adapt to different road conditions such as uphills and flat roads.
  • the energy consumption is reasonable and economical.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 is also equipped with a wheel side planetary deceleration, which can effectively reduce the volume of the electric power assembly. ,
  • the layout is more reasonable, the transmission ratio is large, and the output torque is large, which can meet the requirements of large tonnage load.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 of the present application has a simple structure, compact structure, and light weight. After the drive axle assembly 10 is assembled on a vehicle, the ground clearance of the vehicle can be increased, and the gears in the drive axle assembly 10 can transmit torque. The gears have no idle gears, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the drive axle assembly 10 and reduce the working noise of the vehicle.
  • the right sun gear 41 has a right central oil passage 411 and a right radial oil passage 412 communicating with the right central oil passage 411, the right central oil passage 411 communicates with the first shaft 13, and the left sun gear 61 There is a left central oil passage 611 and a left radial oil passage 612 communicating with the left central oil passage 611.
  • the left central oil passage 611 is in communication with the second shaft 14, the first shaft 13 is in communication with the oil passage of the second shaft 14, and the first The oil in the shaft 13 can flow into the second shaft 14 so that the second shaft 14 can be supplied with oil.
  • the oil after the oil enters the oil passage of the first shaft 13, the oil will flow into the right center oil passage 411 during the oil flow, and then the oil will flow from the right center oil passage 411 into the right radial oil passage 412, and the oil will also flow into the right radial oil passage 412.
  • the oil flows into the second shaft 14, and then the oil flows from the second shaft 14 into the left center oil passage 611 and the left radial oil passage 612.
  • the right sun gear 41 and the left sun gear 61 can deliver oil to different parts, so that the oil can reach different positions of the drive axle assembly 10, and can increase the flow range of the oil, thereby increasing the lubrication effect on the drive axle assembly 10.
  • the oil can be delivered to the parts that need lubrication, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the drive axle assembly 10, reduce the working noise of the vehicle, and can extend The service life of each part in the drive axle assembly 10.
  • the gearbox 2 may include: a right end cover 21, the right end cover 21 may have a pump body, the pump body is arranged on the first shaft 13, the pump body has an oil inlet and an outlet The oil port and the oil outlet are in communication with the first shaft 13, and the oil inlet is in communication with the inside of the gearbox 2.
  • the gearbox 2 can contain oil. When the pump body is working, the oil can be pumped from the oil inlet into the pump. Then the oil flows into the first shaft 13 from the oil outlet, so as to realize the working purpose of conveying oil to various parts.
  • a filter 22 may be provided at the oil inlet.
  • the filter 22 can perform a filtering function. Before the oil flows into the oil inlet, the filter 22 can remove the oil Impurities such as iron filings are filtered out, so that impurities such as iron filings can be prevented from flowing into the first shaft 13, thereby preventing impurities such as iron filings from clogging the first shaft 13.
  • the right end cover 21 may have a first oil supply branch 23 in the right end cover 21, and the filter 22 and the oil inlet are connected through the first oil supply branch 23.
  • the oil filtered by the filter 22 is delivered to the oil inlet.
  • the right end cover 21 may have a second oil supply branch 24 in the right end cover 21, the second oil supply branch 24 is in communication with the oil outlet, and the second oil supply branch 24 is in communication through
  • the pipe 25 supplies oil for the meshing position between the first gear 11 and the second gear 12, where after the oil flows out from the oil outlet, at least a part of the oil will flow into the second oil supply branch 24.
  • the oil can be delivered to the meshing position between the first gear 11 and the second gear 12.
  • the oil can be delivered to other parts, thereby The delivery range of the oil can be further expanded, and the lubrication effect on other parts in the drive axle assembly 10 can be further improved.
  • the right radial oil passage 412 may be provided with multiple, and the left radial oil passage 612 may be provided with multiple, so that the setting can make the oil flow to various parts quickly , The parts can be lubricated in time, so as to avoid the failure of each part.
  • the parts in the drive axle assembly 10 are lubricated by splash lubrication and pressure cycle lubrication respectively.
  • the differential 8 adopts the splash lubrication method, and half of the entire differential 8 Submerged in gear oil, driven by the input gear of the differential 8, the output gear 84 on the differential 8 rotates to drive the oil to lubricate the entire differential 8.
  • the remaining parts in the drive axle assembly 10 are lubricated from the inside out using a pressure cycle.
  • the rotation of the gear on the first shaft 13 drives the spline sleeve 505 to rotate, and the spline sleeve 505 and the inner rotor assembly
  • the outer rotor assembly is assembled between the right end cover 21 and the oil pump cover.
  • the gear on the first shaft 13 drives the spline sleeve 505 to rotate, which in turn drives the inner rotor assembly to rotate, and the inner rotor assembly drives the outer rotor assembly to rotate.
  • Pressure difference after the gear oil passes through the filter 22 to filter the iron filings impurities, it enters the low pressure oil inlet passage of the right end cover 21 (that is, the first oil supply branch 23).
  • the right end cover 21 has a high and low pressure oil passage and a counterbore for the outer rotor installation.
  • the gear oil After the gear oil is pressurized by the oil pump, it becomes high-pressure oil and divided into two ways, one of which passes through the high-pressure oil pipe (that is, the second oil supply branch 24) all the way up to lubricate the first gear 11, the second gear 12 and the respective angular contact bearings ,
  • the other way enters the center oil passage of the right sun gear 41 through the oil pump cover through the spline sleeve 505, the right sun gear 41, the right planet carrier, and the right planet pin shaft are all opened with radial oil passages, and the high pressure oil passes through the right sun gear 41
  • the radial oil passage flows into the radial oil passage of the right planet carrier, and then the high-pressure oil is lubricated to the needle bearings and gears through the right planetary shaft, and then lubricates the entire right planetary row assembly.
  • the high-pressure oil enters the first planetary gear through the right sun gear 41.
  • the second shaft 14, the second shaft 14, the left planet carrier 63, and the left planet shaft 65 also have multiple lubricating oil passages in the radial direction.
  • the high-pressure oil enters the left planet carrier 63 and the left planet carrier 63 through the radial oil passage of the left sun gear 61.
  • Planetary shaft 65 lubricating bearings and various gears, lubricating the left planetary row assembly, is equipped with a pressure sensor 506 on the right end cover 21 high pressure oil path, the pressure sensor 506 can effectively control the circulation of the oil, and avoid the failure of the lubrication system to cause each gear and bearing
  • the internal-to-external pressure circulation lubrication method can not only effectively control and reduce the oil temperature, but also reduce the loss of transmission efficiency, which has huge advantages.
  • the axis of the first shaft 13 and the axis of the second shaft 14 are on the same straight line, wherein, in the height direction of the transaxle assembly 10, the axis of the first shaft 13 and the axis of the second shaft 14 The axis height is higher than the center height of the differential 8.
  • the axis of the first shaft 13 and the axis of the second shaft 14 are not immersed in the gear oil.
  • the gear oil will not be driven by the gear to sling oil at high speed. , Can effectively control and reduce the oil temperature, which can avoid the failure of parts and reduce the loss of transmission efficiency.
  • the transmission ratio of the motor 1 to the differential 8 when the right shift fork 3 is in the first position and the left shift fork 5 is in the third position, the transmission ratio of the motor 1 to the differential 8 is i1, and the transmission ratio i1 is the first gear.
  • the transmission ratio of the motor 1 to the differential 8 is i2
  • the transmission ratio i2 is the third gear transmission
  • the transmission ratio of the motor 1 to the differential 8 is i3.
  • the transmission ratio i3 is the second gear transmission ratio.
  • the transmission ratio of the motor 1 to the differential 8 is i4, and the transmission ratio i4 is the transmission ratio in the fourth gear.
  • i1, i2, i3, and i4 are sequentially decreased or increased sequentially, so that the gear position of the vehicle can be changed, and the vehicle can be driven in different gear positions.
  • the transaxle assembly 10 may further include: a shift solenoid valve 9.
  • the shift solenoid valve 9 is connected to both the left shift fork 5 and the right shift fork 3, and the shift solenoid valve 9 can drive the left shift fork 5 and the right shift fork 3 to move. This arrangement can achieve the working purpose of driving the shift fork and the right shift fork 3 to move, and can realize the shift function of the vehicle.
  • the shift solenoid valve 9 may include: an intake pipe 91, an exhaust pipe 92, a right valve seat 93, a right valve core 96, a first solenoid valve 97, and a second solenoid valve 97.
  • the intake pipe 91 is connected to the gas source, the right valve seat 93 is arranged in a hollow structure, the right valve seat 93 has a first gas passage 94 and a second gas passage 95, and the right valve core 96 is movably arranged in the right valve seat 93,
  • the right valve core 96 may be adapted to divide the inner space of the right valve seat 93 into a first cavity and a second cavity.
  • the first gas passage 94 is in communication with the first cavity
  • the second gas passage 95 is in communication with the second cavity.
  • the air pressure of the cavity and the second cavity pushes the right spool 96 to move, and the right spool 96 is connected to the right shift fork 3 to achieve the working purpose of driving the right shift fork 3 to move.
  • the first solenoid valve 97 is connected and communicated with the first gas passage 94, the intake pipe 91, and the exhaust pipe 92.
  • the first solenoid valve 97 can control the on and off of the first gas passage 94
  • the second solenoid valve 98 is connected to the second
  • the gas passage 95, the intake pipe 91, and the exhaust pipe 92 are all connected and communicated, and the second solenoid valve 98 can control the on and off of the second gas passage 95.
  • the left valve seat 99 can be arranged in a hollow structure, the left valve seat 99 has a third gas passage 991 and a fourth gas passage 992, the left valve core 993 is movably arranged in the left valve seat 99, and the left valve core 993 can be adapted to To divide the internal space of the left valve seat 99 into a third cavity and a fourth cavity, the third gas passage 991 is in communication with the third cavity, and the fourth gas passage 992 is in communication with the fourth cavity.
  • the air pressure pushes the left spool 993 to move, the left spool 993 is connected to the left shift fork 5, the third solenoid valve 994 is connected and communicated with the third gas passage 991, the intake pipe 91, and the exhaust pipe 92, and the third solenoid valve 994
  • the third gas passage 991 can be controlled on and off.
  • the fourth solenoid valve 995 is connected and communicated with the fourth gas passage 992, the intake pipe 91, and the exhaust pipe 92.
  • the fourth solenoid valve 995 can control the fourth gas passage 992. On and off.
  • the intake pipe 91 is connected to the air source of the air compressor on the vehicle, and the first solenoid valve 97, the second solenoid valve 98, the third solenoid valve 994, and the fourth solenoid valve 995 are all connected to the shift control wiring harness.
  • the gear shift control harness controls the on and off of the solenoid valve, controls the high-pressure air in the air compressor to enter the intake pipe 91, and then controls the movement of the left shift fork 5 and the right shift fork 3.
  • the shift solenoid valve 9 has no synchronizer and other cumbersome
  • the mechanism, simple structure, convenient maintenance, better price, and the vehicle speed sensor 307 is arranged at the left end of the second axle, to avoid the iron filings of the axle from being adsorbed on the sensor head, affecting the shift function, through the signal output by the vehicle speed sensor 307, Passed to the vehicle controller, the vehicle controller controls the on and off of the solenoid valve through the gear shift control harness to realize automatic gear shifting and has good operating performance.
  • a muffler 996 may be provided on the exhaust pipe 92, and the muffler 996 has a muffler function. This arrangement can reduce the operating noise of the shift solenoid valve 9 and reduce the vehicle The driving noise can improve user satisfaction.
  • the left shift fork 5 is inserted through the left valve seat 99, and the left shift fork 5 and the left valve core 993 are connected by a left threaded member, so that the arrangement can turn the left
  • the shift fork 5 and the left spool 993 are reliably assembled together, which can ensure that the left shift fork 5 moves together with the left spool 993, thereby ensuring the working performance of the gear solenoid valve, thereby ensuring that the vehicle can shift gears.
  • the right shift fork 3 penetrates the right valve seat 93, and the right shift fork 3 and the right spool 96 are connected by a right threaded member.
  • This arrangement can reliably connect the right shift fork 3 and the right spool 96. Assembling together, it can ensure that the right shift fork 3 moves together with the right spool 96, thereby ensuring the working performance of the gear solenoid valve, thereby ensuring that the vehicle can shift gears.
  • the transaxle assembly 10 may further include: a left half shaft 81 and a right half shaft 82.
  • the left half shaft 81 is connected to the differential 8
  • the right half shaft 82 is connected to the differential 8
  • the right half shaft 82 and the differential 8 can be connected through a differential lock 20, which is in the locked state and the unlocked state Can switch between.
  • the differential lock 20 is in the locked state, that is, the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 are connected as a whole, and the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 rotate at the same speed.
  • the differential lock 20 When the differential lock 20 is in the unlocked state, that is, the left half shaft The shaft 81 is separated from the right half shaft 82, and the rotation speeds of the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 are different. Among them, the differential lock 20 serves to connect the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82. When the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 are connected together, the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 rotate at the same speed. , Make the wheel speed of the vehicle the same. When the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 are not connected together, the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82 can rotate at different speeds, so that the wheel speeds of the vehicle are not the same. Control the vehicle to drive in different working conditions, so that the vehicle can be adapted to drive on different roads.
  • the left half shaft 81 is provided with a left gear sleeve 201 (that is, the left sliding gear sleeve 309), and the right half shaft 82 is provided with a right gear sleeve 202 (that is, the right sliding gear sleeve 304). ), the right gear sleeve 202 is movably sleeved on the right half shaft 82.
  • the differential lock 20 may include a stop lever 203, a fork lever 204, a pneumatic component 205 and a spring 206.
  • the stop lever 203 is arranged in the differential 8, the shift fork lever 204 is set in the stop lever 203, and the shift lever 204 is movable along the stop lever 203 between the locked position and the unlocked position, the shift lever 204 Connected with the right gear sleeve 202, the pneumatic assembly 205 is connected with the fork rod 204, the pneumatic assembly 205 can drive the fork rod 204 to move, the spring 206 is sleeved on the stop rod 203, and the spring 206 sleeve can drive the fork rod 204 to switch to unlock
  • the fork lever 204 is in the locked position
  • the differential lock 20 is in the locked state
  • the fork lever 204 is in the unlocked position
  • the differential lock 20 is in the unlocked state.
  • the pneumatic assembly 205 may include: a switch piston 207 and a differential lock cylinder 208.
  • the switch piston 207 is assembled on the differential lock cylinder 208, and the differential lock cylinder 208 is installed on the rear cover of the differential 8 by bolts.
  • One end of the stop rod 203 is connected with the switch piston 207, and the other end is installed on the rear cover of the differential 8 with the spring 206.
  • the stop rod 203 passes through the fork rod 204, and the fork rod 204 is stuck in the concave of the right gear sleeve 202.
  • the right gear sleeve 202 can be connected to the right half shaft 82 by spline fitting.
  • the differential lock cylinder 208 is machined with threaded vent holes to connect the air source of the whole vehicle.
  • the air compressed by the air compressor enters from the threaded vent hole of the differential lock cylinder 208.
  • the switch piston 207 When acting on the switch piston 207 When the thrust force is greater than the elastic force of the spring 206, the stop rod 203 moves under the thrust of the switch piston 207, which drives the fork rod 204 to move, and the fork rod 204 moves along the axial direction of the right half shaft 82 until the teeth of the right gear sleeve 202 and The teeth of the left gear sleeve 201 mesh to complete the locking of the differential 8.
  • the spring 206 When the differential 8 is locked, the spring 206 is in a compressed state. When the differential lock cylinder 208 is out of air, the spring 206 compresses and has elastic potential energy, and the energy needs to be released to restore the original state. The spring 206 pushes the stop rod 203 out and drives the fork rod 204 And the right gear sleeve 202 move back to the original position, and finally realize the locking or differential speed of the left half shaft 81 and the right half shaft 82.
  • the differential lock cylinder 208 is equipped with a differential lock stroke sensor 209, a differential lock stroke sensor 209 is connected with the vehicle wiring harness to the dashboard of the cab.
  • the switch piston 207 moves under the action of gas pressure, under the action of the ejector pin inside the differential lock 20 sensor, the signal is displayed to the dashboard of the vehicle.
  • the driver can intuitively see whether the differential 8 is working in the cab.
  • a driving wheel slips lock the differential 8 and the half shaft into one body, so that the differential 8 loses its differential function. Divide all the torque equally between the two half shafts.
  • the drive axle assembly 10 mainly includes an electric power assembly and an axle housing assembly.
  • the main support frame is the axle housing assembly.
  • the brake 50 is bolted to the brake mounting flange 501 of the axle housing assembly.
  • the component 502 is installed on the axle sleeve of the axle housing assembly.
  • the hub assembly 502 can rotate around the axle sleeve.
  • the hub assembly 502 is axially locked by a round nut, and the clearance of the hub bearing is adjusted at the same time.
  • the ABS sensor assembly 503 is fastened and assembled on the brake mounting flange 501 by screws. When the sensor head and the gear ring of the wheel hub assembly 502 rotate, an induced voltage signal is formed, and the signal is output to the vehicle control system to control the brake 50 to hold when braking.
  • the differential lock 20 is assembled on the rear cover of the differential 8, and the combination and separation of the sliding gear sleeve and the sliding gear sleeve on the differential 8 can be indirectly controlled by switching on and off the air source to realize the synchronization and differential speed of the driving wheels.
  • the planetary gears of the wheel-side planetary reducer 40 are assembled with the inner ring gear, and are fastened together with the hub assembly 502 by screws, and the rotational speed output by the half shaft is reduced and transmitted to the wheels.
  • the brake drum 504 is assembled and fastened with the hub assembly 502 and the wheel-side planetary reducer 40 by screws. There are splines at both ends of the half shaft, one end is connected to the differential 8, and the other end is connected to the planetary reducer.
  • the power output by the differential 8 is output to the planetary reducer through the half shaft, and then the power is transmitted to the hub assembly 502 and the brake drum. 504, and then drive the wheels to rotate.

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Abstract

一种车辆的驱动桥组件(10)，驱动桥组件(10)包括：电机(1)；第一轴(13)和第二轴(14)，第一轴(13)上设置右行星排机构，第二轴(14)上设置左行星排机构；右行星排机构的右太阳轮(41)与第一轴(13)连接；左行星排机构的左太阳轮(61)与第二轴(14)连接；右太阳轮(41)具有右中心油道(411)和右径向油道(412)，右中心油道(411)与第一轴连通；左太阳轮(61)具有左中心油道(611)和左径向油道(612)，左中心油道(611)与第二轴(14)连通，第一轴(13)与第二轴(14)连通以为第二轴(14)供油。

Description

车辆的驱动桥组件
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求“比亚迪股份有限公司”于2019年09月30日提交的、名称为“车辆的驱动桥组件”的、中国专利申请号“201910944205.8”的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆领域，尤其是涉及一种车辆的驱动桥组件。
背景技术
相关技术中，车辆的驱动桥组件在工作过程中，对驱动桥组件内的零部件润滑效果不好，导致齿轮之间以及各个零部件之间的传动效率下降，会出现异响问题，并且，零部件润滑不充分，也会导致各个零部件的使用寿命减少。
申请内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出车辆的驱动桥组件，该车辆的驱动桥组件能够把机油输送至需要润滑的零部件上，可以延长驱动桥组件内各个零件的使用寿命。
根据本申请的车辆的驱动桥组件包括：电机；与所述电机依次连接的第一齿轮、第二齿轮、第一轴和第二轴，所述第一轴、第二轴均为空心轴；与电机动力耦合的第一轴和第二轴，所述第一轴、第二轴均为空心轴，所述第一轴上设置右行星排机构，所述第二轴上设置左行星排机构；右行星排机构的右太阳轮与所述第一轴连接；所述左行星排机构的左太阳轮与所述第二轴连接；所述右太阳轮与所述第一轴同步转动，所述右太阳轮具有右中心油道和与所述右中心油道连通的右径向油道，所述右中心油道与所述第一轴连通；所述第二轴同步转动，所述左太阳轮具有左中心油道和与所述左中心油道连通的左径向油道，所述左中心油道与所述第二轴连通，所述第一轴与所述第二轴连通以为所述第二轴供油。
变速箱；右拨叉，所述右拨叉在第一位置和第二位置之间可移动；右内齿圈支架；设于所述右内齿圈支架内的右太阳轮、右内行星轮和右外行星轮，所述右内行星轮与所述右太阳轮啮合，所述右外行星轮与所述右内行星轮、所述右内齿圈支架均啮合，所述右太阳轮与所述第一轴同步转动，所述右太阳轮具有右中心油道和与所述右中心油道连通的右径向油道，所述右中心油道与所述第一轴连通；右行星支架，所述右行星支架与所述右内行星轮和所述右外行星轮均连接；左拨叉，所述左拨叉在第三位置和第四位置之间可移动；左内齿圈支架；设于所述左内齿圈支架内的左太阳轮和左行星轮，所述左太阳轮与所述右内齿圈支架同轴转动，所述左行星与所述左太阳轮、所述左内齿圈支架均啮合，所述左太阳轮与所述第二轴同步转动，所述左太阳轮具有左中心油道和与所述左中心油道连通的左径向油道，所述左中心油道与所述第二轴连通，所述第一轴与所述第二轴连通以为所述第二轴供油；主动齿轮，所述主动齿轮通过左行星支架与所述左行星轮同步转动；差速器，所述差速器与所述主动齿轮连接；当所述右拨叉位于所述第一位置时，所述右行星支架与所述变速箱连接；当所述右拨叉位于所述第二位置时，所述右行星支架与所述第一轴连接；当所述左拨叉位于所述第三位置时，所述左内齿圈支架与所述变速箱连接；当所述左拨叉位于所述第四位置时，所述左内齿圈支架与所述第二轴连接。
由此，通过设置多个油道，驱动桥组件工作时，能够把机油输送至需要润滑的零部件上，可以提高驱动桥组件的传动效率，也可以降低车辆的工作噪音，还可以延长驱动桥组件内各个零件的使用寿命。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述变速箱包括右端盖，所述右端盖具有泵体，所述泵体具有进油口和出油口，所述出油口与所述第一轴连通，所述进油口与所述变速箱的内部连通。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述进油口处设有过滤器。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述右端盖内具有第一供油支路，所述过滤器和所述进油口通过所述第一供油支路连通。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述右端盖内具有第二供油支路，所述第二供油支路与所述出油口连通，所述第二供油支路通过连通管为所述第一齿轮和第二齿轮之间的啮合位置供油。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述右径向油道为多条，所述左径向油道为多条。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述的车辆的驱动桥组件还包括：换挡电磁阀，所述换挡电磁阀与所述左拨叉、所述右拨叉连接，以驱动所述左拨叉、所述右拨叉移动。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述换挡电磁阀包括：进气管道，所述进气管道与气源连通；排气管道；右阀座，所述右阀座为中空结构，所述右阀座具有第一气体通道和第二气体通道；右阀芯，所述右阀芯可移动地设于所述右阀座内，以适于将所述右阀座内部空间分隔为第一腔和第二腔，所述第一气体通道与所述第一腔连通，所述第二气体通道与所述第二腔连通，通过控制所述第一腔和所述第二腔的气压推动所述右阀芯运动，所述右阀芯与所述右拨叉连接；第一电磁阀，所述第一电磁阀与所述第一气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第一气体通道的通断；第二电磁阀，所述第二电磁阀与所述第二气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第二气体通道的通断；左阀座，所述左阀座为中空结构，所述左阀座具有第三气体通道和第四气体通道；左阀芯，所述左阀芯可移动地设于所述左阀座内，以适于将所述左阀座内部空间分隔为第三腔和第四腔，所述第三气体通道与所述第三腔连通，所述第四气体通道与所述第四腔连通，通过控制所述第三腔和所述第四腔的气压推动所述左阀芯运动，所述左阀芯与所述左拨叉连接；第三电磁阀，所述第三电磁阀与所述第三气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第三气体通道的通断；第四电磁阀，所述第四电磁阀与所述第四气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第四气体通道的通断。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述排气管道设有消音器。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述左拨叉穿设于所述左阀座，且所述左拨叉与所述左阀芯通过左螺纹件连接；所述右拨叉穿设于所述右阀座，且所述右拨叉与所述右阀芯通过右螺纹件连接。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述的车辆的驱动桥组件还包括：左半轴，所述左半轴与所述差速器连接右半轴，所述右半轴与所述差速器连接，所述右半轴与所述差速器通过差速锁连接，所述差速锁在锁止状态和解锁状态之间可切换，当所述差速锁处于锁止状态时，所述左半轴与所述右半轴同速转动；当所述差速锁处于解锁状态时，所述左半轴与所述右半轴的转速不同。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述左半轴设有左齿套，所述右半轴设有右齿套，所述右齿套可移动地套设于所述右半轴；所述差速锁包括：止挡杆，所述止挡杆设于所述差速器内；拨叉杆，所述拨叉杆套设于所述止挡杆，且所述拨叉杆沿所述止挡杆在锁止位置和解锁位置之间可移动，所述拨叉杆与所述右齿套连接；气动组件，所述气动组件与所述拨叉杆连接，以驱动所述拨叉杆运动；弹簧，所述弹簧套设于所述止挡杆，以驱动所述拨叉杆切换至所述解锁位置；当所述拨叉杆位于所述锁止位置时，所述差速锁处于所述锁止状态；当所述拨叉杆位于所述解锁位置时，所述差速锁处于所述解锁状态。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的示意图；
图2是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的轮毂总成、制动器的装配示意图；
图3是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的变速箱和电机的装配示意图；
图4是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的传动示意图；
图5是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的部分结构半剖视图；
图6是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的变速箱内齿轮传动结构剖视图；
图7是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的换挡电磁阀、右拨叉和左拨叉的装配示意图；
图8是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的换挡电磁阀的原理图；
图9是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的润滑油道的布置示意图；
图10是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的差速锁与半轴的装配示意图；
图11是根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件的差速锁的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面参考图1-图11描述本申请实施例的车辆的驱动桥组件10。
如图1-图11所示，根据本申请实施例的驱动桥组件10包括：电机1、左行星排、右行星排、第一齿轮11、第二齿轮12、第一轴13、第二轴14、变速箱2、右拨叉3、右内齿圈支架4、右太阳轮41、右内行星轮42和右外行星轮43、右行星支架44、左拨叉5、左内齿圈支架6、左太阳轮61、左行星轮62、主动齿轮7和差速器8。电机1的输出轴、第一齿轮11、第二齿轮12、第一轴13和第二轴14依次连接，第一轴13、第二轴14均设置为空心轴，右拨叉3在第一位置和第二位置之间可移动，第一位置是指图4中右拨叉3的左端，第二位置是指图4中右拨叉3的右端，右太阳轮41、右内行星轮42和右外行星轮43设置于右内齿圈支架4内，右内行星轮42与右太阳轮41啮合，右外行星轮43与右内行星轮42、右内齿圈支架4均啮合，右太阳轮41与第一轴13连接且右太阳轮41与第一轴13同步转动。
右行星支架44与右内行星轮42和右外行星轮43均连接，左拨叉5在第三位置和第四位置之间可移动，第三位置是指图4中左拨叉5的右端，第四位置是指图4左右拨叉3的左端，左太阳轮61和左行星轮62设置于左内齿圈支架6内，左太阳轮61与右内齿圈支架4同轴转动，左行星轮62与左太阳轮61、左内齿圈支架6均啮合，左太阳轮61与第二轴14连接且左太阳轮61与第二轴14同步转动，主动齿轮7通过左行星支架与左行星轮62同步转动，差速器8与主动齿轮7连接。当右拨叉3位于第一位置时，右行星支架44与变速箱2的壳体连接，当右拨叉3位于第二位置时，右行星支架44与第一轴13连接，当左拨叉5位于第三位置时，左内齿圈支架6与变速箱2连接，当左拨叉5位于第四位置时，左内齿圈支架6与第二轴14连接。
具体地，驱动桥组件10安装在车辆上后，车辆处于一档时，右拨叉3位于第一位置，左拨叉5位于第三位置，右行星支架44与变速箱2的壳体连接，左内齿圈支架6与变速箱2的壳体连接，电机1的动力依次传递至第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第一轴，然后第一轴驱动右太阳轮41转动，然后右太阳轮41将动力依次传递给右内行星轮42、右外行星轮43、右内齿圈支架4、第二轴，然后第二轴驱动左太阳轮61转动，然后左太阳轮61将动力依次传递给左行星轮62、左行星架63、主动齿轮7，然后主动齿轮7将动力传递给差速器8，差速器8将动力传递给左半轴81和右半轴82，实现驱动车轮转动的目的。
进一步地，车辆处于二档时，右拨叉3位于第二位置，左拨叉5位于第三位置，右行星支架44与第一轴13连接，左内齿圈支架6与变速箱2的壳体连接，电机1的动力依次传递至第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第一轴，然后第一轴驱动右行星支架44带着右内行星轮42、右外行星轮43转动，然后右外行星轮43驱动右内齿圈支架4带着第二轴转动，然后第二轴驱动左太阳轮61转动，然后左太阳轮61将动力依次传递给左行星轮 62、左行星架63、主动齿轮7，然后主动齿轮7将动力传递给差速器8，差速器8将动力传递给左半轴81和右半轴82，实现驱动车轮转动的目的。
进一步地，车辆处于三档时，右拨叉3位于第一位置，左拨叉5位于第四位置，右行星支架44与变速箱2的壳体连接，左内齿圈支架6与第二轴14连接，电机1的动力依次传递至第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第一轴，然后第一轴驱动右太阳轮41转动，然后右太阳轮41将动力依次传递给右内行星轮42、右外行星轮43、右内齿圈支架4、第二轴，然后第二轴驱动左内齿圈支架6带着左行星轮62转动，然后左行星轮62将动力传递给左行星架63、主动齿轮7，然后主动齿轮7将动力传递给差速器8，差速器8将动力传递给左半轴81和右半轴82，实现驱动车轮转动的目的。
进一步地，车辆处于四档时，右拨叉3位于第二位置，左拨叉5位于第四位置，右行星支架44与第一轴13连接，左内齿圈支架6与第二轴14连接，电机1的动力依次传递至第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第一轴，然后第一轴驱动右行星支架44带着右内行星轮42、右外行星轮43转动，然后右外行星轮43驱动右内齿圈支架4带着第二轴转动，然后第二轴驱动左内齿圈支架6带着左行星轮62转动，然后左行星轮62将动力传递给左行星架63、主动齿轮7，然后主动齿轮7将动力传递给差速器8，差速器8将动力传递给左半轴81和右半轴82，实现驱动车轮转动的目的。
并且，电机1通过三相线外接电源实现电机1驱动，电机1可以通过螺栓固定在变速箱2的壳体上，电机1的输出轴外花键与第一齿轮11的内花键配合连接，将动力输出到第一齿轮11，第一齿轮11两端设置有角接触球轴承，将第一齿轮11支承在变速箱2壳体上，第一齿轮11将动力传动给第二齿轮12，第二齿轮12通过成对的圆锥滚子轴承安装在变速箱2体的壳体上，第二齿轮12把动力传递到第一轴13，第一轴13两端设置圆柱滚子轴承支撑在变速箱2的壳体上，第一轴13的左端加工的内花键与右太阳轮41连接，第一轴13的右端加工的外花键与右结合齿轮30连接，右太阳轮41与右内行星轮42啮合传动，右内行星轮42与右外行星轮43啮合传动，右内行星轮42、右外行星轮43可以通过行星轴销301装配在右行星支架44上，右外行星轮43与右齿圈45啮合，右齿圈45与右内齿圈支架4通过斜齿连接，右行星支架44与右齿座302花键连接，右行星支架44的外径可以通过圆柱销303固定在变速箱2的壳体上。
通过控制右拨叉3的移动带动右滑动齿套304在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，可以更换驱动桥组件10的速比、传递动力，第二轴14可以通过角接触轴承以及滚针轴承固定在变速箱2的壳体及左行星架63上，第二轴14的外花键与右内齿圈支架4连接，第二轴14的中部与左太阳轮61连接，第二轴14的左端与左结合齿轮305连接，第二轴14的左末端连接感应轮306，通过连接的车速传感器307控制换档，左太阳轮61与左行星轮62啮合，左行星轮62与左齿圈64啮合，左齿圈64与左内齿圈支架6通过斜齿连接，左内齿圈支架6与左齿座308通过花键连接，左行星轮62通过行星轴装配在左行星架63上，左行星架63右侧通过两个圆柱滚子轴承支承在变速箱2的壳体上，左拨叉5可以通过圆柱销303固定在变速箱2的壳体上，通过左拨叉5的移动带动左滑动齿套309在第三位置和第四位置之间移动，进而更换速比，传递动力。主动齿轮7与左行星架63花键连接，差速器8用螺栓固定在变速箱2的壳体上，变速箱2输出的动力经主动齿轮7把动力传递给差速器8的输出齿轮84上。
本申请的驱动桥组件10采用双行星排换档结构，仅有一根主轴，即第二轴14，换档齿轮系体积较小，易加工，且成本较低，整个驱动桥组件10质量轻、体积小，通过采用两组行星轮系控制滑动齿套移动，控制行星架的固定与否，实现4档位动力传递，速比覆盖区域大，传递扭矩更大，可以应对多种甚至复杂的工况，整个动力总成全部采用斜齿轮，使得整个驱动桥组件10的传动平稳，噪音更低，在不同的档位工作时，部分啮合齿轮无相对转动，空档时，整个左行星排无运动，可以提高齿轮的使用寿命。
需要说明的是，与现有技术相比，采用上述技术方案设置的驱动桥组件10的体积 小，方便整车总布置，车辆的离地间隙更大，车辆的通过性更好。并且，电机1体积更小、质量更轻，转速更高，电机1的转动惯量更小，利于换档，电机1最高效率也相对提高，整个电机1转速高效区间覆盖面更广，在90％以上效率占总效率区比例为90.2％，能够有效提高使用经济性。同时，驱动桥组件10采用两组行星轮系换档结构，第二轴14为主轴，换档齿轮体积较小，易加工，且成本较低，整车行驶过程，会使得桥总成与动力总成贴合面产生较小扭矩，避免贴合面开裂或者应变较大导致漏油、渗油的情况发生。另外，驱动桥组件10内的齿轮传递扭矩时，齿轮无空转齿轮，可以提高驱动桥组件10的传动效率，也可以降低车辆的工作噪音。
并且，驱动桥组件10的档位多，能适应上坡、平路等不同路况，能耗使用合理经济，驱动桥组件10还设置有轮边行星减速，能有效减小电动力总成的体积，布置更为合理，传动比大，输出扭矩大，能满足大吨位载荷要求。
其中，本申请的驱动桥组件10的结构简单、结构紧凑、质量轻，驱动桥组件10装配在车辆上后，可以增大车辆的离地间隙，并且，驱动桥组件10内的齿轮传递扭矩时，齿轮无空转齿轮，可以提高驱动桥组件10的传动效率，也可以降低车辆的工作噪音。
在本申请的一些示例中，右太阳轮41具有右中心油道411和与右中心油道411连通的右径向油道412，右中心油道411与第一轴13连通，左太阳轮61具有左中心油道611和与左中心油道611连通的左径向油道612，左中心油道611与第二轴14连通，第一轴13与第二轴14的油道连通，第一轴13内的机油可以流入第二轴14，从而可以为第二轴14供油。其中，机油进入第一轴13的油道后，在机油流动过程中，机油会流入右中心油道411，然后机油会从右中心油道411流入右径向油道412，并且，机油也会流入第二轴14，然后机油从第二轴14依次流入左中心油道611、左径向油道612，在右太阳轮41和左太阳轮61与其它齿轮啮合过程中，右太阳轮41和左太阳轮61能够将机油输送至不同的零部件上，使机油能够到达驱动桥组件10的不同位置，可以增大机油的流动范围，从而可以增大对驱动桥组件10的润滑效果。
由此，通过设置多个油道，驱动桥组件10工作时，能够把机油输送至需要润滑的零部件上，可以提高驱动桥组件10的传动效率，也可以降低车辆的工作噪音，还可以延长驱动桥组件10内各个零件的使用寿命。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图9所示，变速箱2可以包括：右端盖21，右端盖21可以具有泵体，泵体设置在第一轴13上，泵体具有进油口和出油口，出油口与第一轴13连通，进油口与变速箱2的内部连通，其中，变速箱2的内部可以具有机油，泵体工作时，可以将机油从进油口泵入泵体内，然后机油从出油口流入第一轴13，从而实现向各个零部件输送机油的工作目的。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图9所示，进油口处可以设置有过滤器22，过滤器22可以起到过滤作用，在机油流入进油口之前，过滤器22可以将机油内的铁屑等杂质过滤掉，从而可以避免铁屑等杂质流入第一轴13，进而可以避免铁屑等杂质堵塞第一轴13。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图9所示，右端盖21内可以具有第一供油支路23，过滤器22和进油口通过第一供油支路23连通，如此设置能够将被过滤器22过滤后的机油输送至进油口。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图9所示，右端盖21内可以具有第二供油支路24，第二供油支路24与出油口连通，第二供油支路24通过连通管25为第一齿轮11和第二齿轮12之间的啮合位置供油，其中，机油从出油口流出后，会有至少一部分机油流入第二供油支路24，在第二供油支路24运送作用下，可以将机油输送至第一齿轮11和第二齿轮12之间的啮合位置，在第一齿轮11和第二齿轮12转动过程中，可以将机油输送给其它零部件，从而可以进一步扩大机油的输送范围，进而可以进一步提升对驱动桥组件10内其它零部件的润滑效果。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图9所示，右径向油道412可以设置为多条，左径向油道612可以设置为多条，这样设置能够使机油快速地流至各个零件上，可以及时对零部件进行润滑，从而可以避免各个零部件工作失效。
具体地，如图9所示，对驱动桥组件10内的零部件润滑，分别采用飞溅润滑和压力循环润滑两种润滑方式，其中，差速器8采用飞溅润滑方式，整个差速器8一半浸没在齿轮油中，在差速器8的输入齿轮带动下，差速器8上的输出齿轮84旋转进而带动油液润滑整个差速器8。驱动桥组件10内的其余件采用压力循环由内而外进行润滑，在驱动桥组件10内工作时，第一轴13上的齿轮旋转带动花键套505旋转,花键套505与内转子组件通过花键连接，外转子组件装配在右端盖21与油泵盖之间，第一轴13上的齿轮带动花键套505旋转，进而带动内转子组件转动，内转子组件带动外转子组件旋转行成压力差，齿轮油经过过滤器22过滤铁屑杂质后，进入右端盖21低压进油道(即第一供油支路23)，右端盖21上开了高低压油道和外转子安装沉孔，齿轮油经过油泵加压后，行成高压油，分成两路，其中一路向上经过高压油管(即第二供油支路24)润滑第一齿轮11、第二齿轮12和各自的角接触轴承，另一路通过油泵盖经过花键套505进入到右太阳轮41的中心油道上，右太阳轮41、右行星架、右行星销轴都开有径向油道，高压油经过右太阳轮41的径向油道流入右行星架的径向油道上，进而高压油经过右行星轴润滑到各个滚针轴承、齿轮，进而润滑整个右行星排总成，高压油通过右太阳轮41进入到第二轴14，第二轴14、左行星架63、左行星轴65同样也是在径向开了多个润滑油道，高压油通过左太阳轮61的径向油道进入左行星架63、左行星轴65，润滑轴承和各个齿轮，润滑左行星排总成，在右端盖21高压油路上装配有压力传感器506，压力传感器506能够有效管控油液的循环，避免润滑系统失效导致各个齿轮及轴承的损坏，该由内而外压力循环润滑方式既能有效控制降低油温，又能有减小传动效率损失，优势巨大。
在本申请的一些示例中，第一轴13的轴线与第二轴14的轴线位于同一直线上，其中，在驱动桥组件10的高度方向上，第一轴13的轴线与第二轴14的轴线高度均高于差速器8的中心高度，第一轴13的轴线与第二轴14的轴线未浸没在齿轮油中，驱动桥组件10运转时，齿轮油不会被齿轮带动高速甩油，可以有效控制降低油温，从而可以避免导致零部件失效，也可以减小传动效率损失。
在本申请的一些示例中，当右拨叉3位于第一位置、左拨叉5位于第三位置时，电机1传递至差速器8的传动比为i1，此时传动比i1为一档时的传动比，当右拨叉3位于第一位置、左拨叉5位于第四位置时，电机1传递至差速器8的传动比为i2，此时传动比i2为三档时的传动比，当右拨叉3位于第二位置、左拨叉5位于第三位置时，电机1传递至差速器8的传动比为i3，此时传动比i3为二档时的传动比，当右拨叉3位于第二位置、左拨叉5位于第四位置时，电机1传递至差速器8的传动比为i4，此时传动比i4为四档时的传动比。其中，i1、i2、i3以及i4依次递减或者依次增大，从而可以改变车辆的档位，进而可以使车辆以不同档位行驶。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图8所示，驱动桥组件10还可以包括：换挡电磁阀9，换挡电磁阀9与左拨叉5、右拨叉3均连接，换挡电磁阀9可以驱动左拨叉5、右拨叉3移动，这样设置能够实现驱动拨叉、右拨叉3移动的工作目的，可以实现车辆的换档功能。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图8所示，换挡电磁阀9可以包括：进气管道91、排气管道92、右阀座93、右阀芯96、第一电磁阀97、第二电磁阀98、左阀座99、左阀芯993、第三电磁阀994和第四电磁阀995。进气管道91与气源连通，右阀座93设置为中空结构，右阀座93具有第一气体通道94和第二气体通道95，右阀芯96可移动地设置于右阀座93内，右阀芯96可以适于将右阀座93内部空间分隔为第一腔和第二腔，第一气体通道94与第一腔连通，第二气体通道95与第二腔连通，通过控制第一腔和第 二腔的气压推动右阀芯96运动，右阀芯96与右拨叉3连接，从而实现驱动右拨叉3移动的工作目的。第一电磁阀97与第一气体通道94、进气管道91、排气管道92均连接且连通，第一电磁阀97可以控制第一气体通道94的通断，第二电磁阀98与第二气体通道95、进气管道91、排气管道92均连接且连通，第二电磁阀98可以控制第二气体通道95的通断。
并且，左阀座99可以设置为中空结构，左阀座99具有第三气体通道991和第四气体通道992，左阀芯993可移动地设置于左阀座99内，左阀芯993可以适于将左阀座99内部空间分隔为第三腔和第四腔，第三气体通道991与第三腔连通，第四气体通道992与第四腔连通，通过控制第三腔和第四腔的气压推动左阀芯993运动，左阀芯993与左拨叉5连接，第三电磁阀994与第三气体通道991、进气管道91、排气管道92均连接且连通，第三电磁阀994可以控制第三气体通道991的通断，第四电磁阀995与第四气体通道992、进气管道91、排气管道92均连接且连通，第四电磁阀995可以控制第四气体通道992的通断。
具体地，进气管道91与车辆上的空压机气源连通，第一电磁阀97、第二电磁阀98、第三电磁阀994、第四电磁阀995均与换档控制线束连接，通过换档控制线束控制电磁阀的通断，控制空压机中的高压空气进入进气管道91，进而控制左拨叉5和右拨叉3移动，该换挡电磁阀9无同步器等繁琐的机构，结构简单，维修方便，价格更优，且车速传感器307布置在第二轴左末端，避免车桥的铁屑吸附在传感器的磁头上，影响换档功能，通过车速传感器307输出的信号，传递给整车控制器，整车控制器通过换档控制线束进而控制电磁阀的通断，实现自动换档，具有良好的操作性能。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图8所示，排气管道92上可以设置有消音器996，消音器996具有消音功能，如此设置能够减小换挡电磁阀9的工作噪音，可以降低车辆的行驶噪音，从而可以提升用户满意度。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图7和图8所示，左拨叉5穿设于左阀座99，而且左拨叉5与左阀芯993通过左螺纹件连接，这样设置能够把左拨叉5和左阀芯993可靠地装配在一起，可以保证左拨叉5跟着左阀芯993一起移动，从而可以保证挡电磁阀的工作性能，进而可以保证车辆能够换档。
在本申请的一些示例中，右拨叉3穿设于右阀座93，而且右拨叉3与右阀芯96通过右螺纹件连接，如此设置能够把右拨叉3和右阀芯96可靠地装配在一起，可以保证右拨叉3跟着右阀芯96一起移动，从而可以保证挡电磁阀的工作性能，进而可以保证车辆能够换档。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图4和图11所示，驱动桥组件10还可以包括：左半轴81和右半轴82。左半轴81与差速器8连接，右半轴82与差速器8连接，右半轴82与差速器8可以通过差速锁20连接，差速锁20在锁止状态和解锁状态之间可切换。当差速锁20处于锁止状态时，即左半轴81与右半轴82连接为一个整体，左半轴81与右半轴82同速转动，当差速锁20处于解锁状态时，即左半轴81与右半轴82分离，左半轴81与右半轴82的转速不同。其中，差速锁20起到连接左半轴81与右半轴82的作用，当左半轴81与右半轴82连接在一起时，左半轴81和右半轴82以相同的转速转动，使车辆的车轮转速相同，当左半轴81与右半轴82不连接在一起时，左半轴81和右半轴82可以以不同的转速转动，使车辆的车轮转速不相同，从而可以控制车辆以不同的工况行驶，进而可以使车辆适应在不同路面上行驶。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图11所示，左半轴81设有左齿套201(即左滑动齿套309)，右半轴82设有右齿套202(即右滑动齿套304)，右齿套202可移动地套设于右半轴82上。差速锁20可以包括：止挡杆203、拨叉杆204、气动组件205和弹簧206。止挡杆203设置于差速器8内，拨叉杆204套设置于止挡杆203，而且拨叉杆204沿止挡杆203在锁止位置和解锁位置之间可移动，拨叉杆204与右齿套202连接，气动组件 205与拨叉杆204连接，气动组件205可以驱动拨叉杆204运动，弹簧206套设于止挡杆203，弹簧206套可以驱动拨叉杆204切换至解锁位置，当拨叉杆204位于锁止位置时，差速锁20处于锁止状态，当拨叉杆204位于解锁位置时，差速锁20处于解锁状态。
具体地，气动组件205可以包括：开关活塞207和差速锁缸208，开关活塞207装配在差速锁缸208上，差速锁缸208通过螺栓安装在差速器8的后盖上。止挡杆203一端与开关活塞207连接，另一端配合弹簧206安装在差速器8的后盖上，止挡杆203穿过拨叉杆204，拨叉杆204卡在右齿套202的凹槽上，右齿套202可以通过花键配合连接在右半轴82上。在差速锁缸208加工有螺纹通气孔，用来接整车气源，通气时，由空压机压缩后的空气从差速锁缸208的螺纹通气孔进入，当作用在开关活塞207的推力大于弹簧206的弹力时，止挡杆203在开关活塞207的推力下移动，带动拨叉杆204移动，拨叉杆204沿右半轴82的轴向移动，直至右齿套202的齿与左齿套201的齿啮合，完成差速器8锁死。
差速器8锁死时，弹簧206处于压缩状态，当差速锁缸208断气后，弹簧206压缩存在弹性势能，需要释放能量恢复原状态，弹簧206将止挡杆203推出，带动拨叉杆204及右齿套202移动，回到原位置，最终实现左半轴81和右半轴82的锁死或者差速，差速锁缸208上安装有差速锁行程传感器209，差速锁行程传感器209与整车线束连接至驾驶室仪表盘上，当开关活塞207在气体压力的作用下移动，在差速锁20传感器内部顶销的作用下，整个线路通路，该信号显示至整车仪表盘上，驾驶员可以在驾驶室内直观看到差速器8是否在工作，当一个驱动轮打滑时，将差速器8与半轴锁紧成一体，使差速器8失去差速作用，可以把全部扭矩均分到两个半轴上。
需要说明的是，驱动桥组件10主要包括电动力总成和桥壳总成，主要支撑骨架为桥壳总成，制动器50通过螺栓连接在桥壳总成的制动器安装法兰501上，轮毂总成502安装在桥壳总成的半轴套管上，轮毂总成502可以绕半轴套管旋转，轮毂总成502通过圆螺母进行轴向锁紧，同时调整轮毂轴承的游隙。ABS传感器组件503通过螺钉紧固装配在制动器安装法兰501上，传感器磁头与轮毂总成502的感齿圈旋转时形成感应电压信号，信号输出到整车控制系统，控制制动器50制动时抱死，差速锁20装配在差速器8后盖上，可以通过通断气源，间接控制滑动齿套和差速器8上的滑动齿套结合与分离，实现驱动轮的同步和差速。轮边行星减速器40的行星轮与内齿圈配合装配，通过螺钉与轮毂总成502紧固在一起，将半轴输出的转速降速后传递车轮。最后进行制动鼓504的装配，通过螺钉与轮毂总成502和轮边行星减速器40紧固在一起。半轴两头有花键，一端连接差速器8，另一端连接行星减速器，差速器8输出的动力通过半轴输出到行星减速器，进而把动力传动给轮毂总成502及制动鼓504，然后再带动车轮转动。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，包括：
    电机；
    与电机动力耦合的第一轴和第二轴，所述第一轴、第二轴均为空心轴，所述第一轴上设置右行星排机构，所述第二轴上设置左行星排机构；
    所述右行星排机构的右太阳轮与所述第一轴连接；所述左行星排机构的左太阳轮与所述第二轴连接；
    所述右太阳轮与所述第一轴同步转动，所述右太阳轮具有右中心油道和与所述右中心油道连通的右径向油道，所述右中心油道与所述第一轴连通；所述第二轴同步转动，所述左太阳轮具有左中心油道和与所述左中心油道连通的左径向油道，所述左中心油道与所述第二轴连通，所述第一轴与所述第二轴连通以为所述第二轴供油。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    与所述电机依次连接的第一齿轮、第二齿轮、第一轴和第二轴；
    变速箱；
    右拨叉，所述右拨叉在第一位置和第二位置之间可移动；
    右内齿圈支架；
    设于所述右内齿圈支架内的右太阳轮、右内行星轮和右外行星轮，所述右内行星轮与所述右太阳轮啮合，所述右外行星轮与所述右内行星轮、所述右内齿圈支架均啮合，；
    右行星支架，所述右行星支架与所述右内行星轮和所述右外行星轮均连接；
    左拨叉，所述左拨叉在第三位置和第四位置之间可移动；
    左内齿圈支架；
    设于所述左内齿圈支架内的左太阳轮和左行星轮，所述左太阳轮与所述右内齿圈支架同轴转动，所述左行星与所述左太阳轮、所述左内齿圈支架均啮合，所述左太阳轮与；
    主动齿轮，所述主动齿轮通过左行星支架与所述左行星轮同步转动；
    差速器，所述差速器与所述主动齿轮连接；
    当所述右拨叉位于所述第一位置时，所述右行星支架与所述变速箱连接；
    当所述右拨叉位于所述第二位置时，所述右行星支架与所述第一轴连接；
    当所述左拨叉位于所述第三位置时，所述左内齿圈支架与所述变速箱连接；
    当所述左拨叉位于所述第四位置时，所述左内齿圈支架与所述第二轴连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述变速箱包括右端盖，所述右端盖内具有泵体，所述泵体具有进油口和出油口，所述出油口与所述第一轴连通，所述进油口与所述变速箱的内部连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述进油口处设有过滤器。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述右端盖内具有第一供油支路，所述过滤器和所述进油口通过所述第一供油支路连通。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述右端盖内具有第二供油支路，所述第二供油支路与所述出油口连通，所述第二供油支路通过连通管为所述第一齿轮和第二齿轮之间的啮合位置供油。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述右径向油道为多条，所述左径向油道为多条。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    换挡电磁阀，所述换挡电磁阀与所述左拨叉、所述右拨叉连接，以驱动所述左拨叉、所述右拨叉移动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述换挡电磁阀包括：
    进气管道，所述进气管道与气源连通；
    排气管道；
    右阀座，所述右阀座为中空结构，所述右阀座具有第一气体通道和第二气体通道；
    右阀芯，所述右阀芯可移动地设于所述右阀座内，以适于将所述右阀座内部空间分隔为第一腔和第二腔，所述第一气体通道与所述第一腔连通，所述第二气体通道与所述第二腔连通，通过控制所述第一腔和所述第二腔的气压推动所述右阀芯运动，所述右阀芯与所述右拨叉连接；
    第一电磁阀，所述第一电磁阀与所述第一气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第一气体通道的通断；
    第二电磁阀，所述第二电磁阀与所述第二气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第二气体通道的通断；
    左阀座，所述左阀座为中空结构，所述左阀座具有第三气体通道和第四气体通道；
    左阀芯，所述左阀芯可移动地设于所述左阀座内，以适于将所述左阀座内部空间分隔为第三腔和第四腔，所述第三气体通道与所述第三腔连通，所述第四气体通道与所述第四腔连通，通过控制所述第三腔和所述第四腔的气压推动所述左阀芯运动，所述左阀芯与所述左拨叉连接；
    第三电磁阀，所述第三电磁阀与所述第三气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第三气体通道的通断；
    第四电磁阀，所述第四电磁阀与所述第四气体通道、所述进气管道、所述排气管道均连接且连通，以控制所述第四气体通道的通断。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述排气管道设有消音器。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述左拨叉穿设于所述左阀座，且所述左拨叉与所述左阀芯通过左螺纹件连接；
    所述右拨叉穿设于所述右阀座，且所述右拨叉与所述右阀芯通过右螺纹件连接。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，还包括：
    左半轴，所述左半轴与所述差速器连接
    右半轴，所述右半轴与所述差速器连接，所述右半轴与所述差速器通过差速锁连接，所述差速锁在锁止状态和解锁状态之间可切换，
    当所述差速锁处于锁止状态时，所述左半轴与所述右半轴同速转动；
    当所述差速锁处于解锁状态时，所述左半轴与所述右半轴的转速不同。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆的驱动桥组件，其特征在于，所述左半轴设有左齿套，所述右半轴设有右齿套，所述右齿套可移动地套设于所述右半轴；所述差速锁包括：
    止挡杆，所述止挡杆设于所述差速器内；
    拨叉杆，所述拨叉杆套设于所述止挡杆，且所述拨叉杆沿所述止挡杆在锁止位置和解锁位置之间可移动，所述拨叉杆与所述右齿套连接；
    气动组件，所述气动组件与所述拨叉杆连接，以驱动所述拨叉杆运动；
    弹簧，所述弹簧套设于所述止挡杆，以驱动所述拨叉杆切换至所述解锁位置；
    当所述拨叉杆位于所述锁止位置时，所述差速锁处于所述锁止状态；
    当所述拨叉杆位于所述解锁位置时，所述差速锁处于所述解锁状态。
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