WO2021036573A1 - 防爆阀、电池包及电动汽车 - Google Patents

防爆阀、电池包及电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021036573A1
WO2021036573A1 PCT/CN2020/102835 CN2020102835W WO2021036573A1 WO 2021036573 A1 WO2021036573 A1 WO 2021036573A1 CN 2020102835 W CN2020102835 W CN 2020102835W WO 2021036573 A1 WO2021036573 A1 WO 2021036573A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosion
connecting piece
proof valve
rod
battery pack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/102835
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张海东
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20817181.9A priority Critical patent/EP3812632B1/en
Priority to US17/123,005 priority patent/US11142074B2/en
Publication of WO2021036573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021036573A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/40—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves with a fracturing member, e.g. fracturing diaphragm, glass, fusible joint
    • F16K17/403—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves with a fracturing member, e.g. fracturing diaphragm, glass, fusible joint with a fracturing valve member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an explosion-proof valve, a battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack When the battery pack is used in an electric vehicle, the battery pack is usually fixed in the body of the electric vehicle. Since the battery in the battery pack may be overcharged, short-circuited or punctured, a large amount of exhaust may occur rapidly. At this time, the gas needs to be discharged to the body of the electric vehicle in time to avoid blasting due to excessive pressure inside the battery pack.
  • the common practice is to install an explosion-proof valve on the side of the battery pack, and connect the explosion-proof valve with the outside of the vehicle body through an exhaust pipe (the exhaust One end of the pipe is connected to the explosion-proof valve, and the other end extends to the outside of the vehicle body through the exhaust hole on the vehicle body).
  • the use of this method of arranging explosion-proof valves and exhaust pipes on the side increases the overall size of the battery pack, thereby reducing the energy density of the battery pack; when the battery pack is installed in the body of an electric vehicle, it is at a certain level. To a certain extent, the available space of the battery pack in the vehicle body is sacrificed, thereby reducing the space utilization rate of the battery pack in the vehicle body.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof valve, a battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • the explosion-proof valve is arranged between the bottom of the battery pack and the vehicle body, thereby improving the battery pack in the vehicle body. Space utilization; and the explosion-proof valve is directly connected to the outside of the car body, so that the battery pack does not need to be provided with an additional exhaust pipe structure, which not only simplifies the structure of the battery pack, but also reduces the overall size of the battery pack, thereby increasing the battery The energy density of the package.
  • the present invention provides an explosion-proof valve, which includes a first connecting piece, a second connecting piece, an elastic connecting piece and an explosion-proof membrane.
  • the first connector is formed with an upper port and includes a thimble.
  • the second connecting member is located below the first connecting member in the up-down direction and is spaced apart from the first connecting member.
  • the elastic connecting piece is sleeved on the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece and sealingly connects the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece.
  • the explosion-proof membrane is arranged on the upper port of the first connecting piece and seals the upper port, and the explosion-proof membrane is located above the thimble in the vertical direction.
  • the first connecting member includes a first main body part and a first connecting part.
  • the first body portion extends in the up-down direction and is formed with the upper port
  • the first connection portion extends in the up-down direction and is located below the first body portion
  • the first connection portion is hermetically connected to the elastic connector.
  • the first connecting member further includes a first stop portion and a first extension portion.
  • the first stopper portion is formed on the circumferential outer side of the first main body portion and protrudes from the first main body portion
  • the first extension portion is formed on the circumferential outer side of the first main body portion and protrudes from the first main body portion
  • the first extension portion It is arranged at intervals from the first stopper in the up-down direction.
  • the explosion-proof valve further includes a first sealing member, and the first sealing member is sleeved on the first main body portion between the first stop portion and the first extension portion.
  • the first connecting member further includes a supporting portion formed on the inner circumferential direction of the first main body portion and protruding from the first main body portion, and the thimble is provided on the supporting portion and facing the explosion-proof membrane.
  • the second connecting member includes a second main body part and a second connecting part.
  • the second main body portion extends in the up-down direction
  • the second connection portion extends in the up-down direction and is located above the second main body portion
  • the second connection portion is hermetically connected to the elastic connecting member.
  • the first connecting member further includes a first rod portion, which extends in the up-down direction and is located below the first connecting portion.
  • the second connecting member further includes a plurality of second rod portions and elastic cantilevers, the plurality of second rod portions are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, each second rod portion extends in the up-down direction and is connected to the second main body portion, and the elastic cantilever It is connected to two adjacent second rods in a cantilever manner.
  • the elastic cantilever of the second connecting piece is matched with the first rod portion of the first connecting piece, so that the first connecting piece is connected to the second connecting piece.
  • the fit between the elastic cantilever of the second connecting piece and the first rod portion of the first connecting piece is concave-convex fit.
  • the elastic cantilever has a first end, a second end and a connecting shaft.
  • the first end portion and the second end portion are located on both sides of the connecting shaft portion in the up-down direction, and the connecting shaft portion protrudes from the first end portion and the second end portion and is connected to two adjacent second rod portions.
  • the first end of the elastic cantilever is matched with the end of the first rod to connect the first connecting piece to the second connecting piece.
  • the elastic cantilever is inclined with respect to the central axis of the hollow cavity surrounded by the plurality of second rod portions.
  • the present invention also provides a battery pack, which includes a box body and the aforementioned explosion-proof valve.
  • the box body includes a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is provided with a first mounting hole.
  • the first connecting piece of the explosion-proof valve is arranged in the first mounting hole and is connected to the bottom plate in a sealing manner, and the second connecting piece and the elastic connecting piece are located below the bottom plate in the vertical direction.
  • the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack is directly arranged on the bottom plate of the box body through the first connecting piece, and directly arranged on the vehicle body through the second connecting piece, and part of the explosion-proof valve extends into the box body and partly extends out of the vehicle body.
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle, which includes a vehicle body and the above-mentioned battery pack, the vehicle body is provided with a second mounting hole, and the second connecting member of the explosion-proof valve is arranged in the second mounting hole and is connected to the vehicle body in a sealed manner. .
  • the first connecting member includes a first rod portion, and the first rod portion extends in the up-down direction.
  • the second connecting member includes a plurality of second rod portions and an elastic cantilever, the plurality of second rod portions are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, each second rod portion extends in the up-down direction, and the elastic cantilever is connected to the second cantilever in a cantilever manner. Pole. The end of the first rod part and the part of the second rod part both protrude below the second mounting hole.
  • the elastic cantilever has a first end, a second end and a connecting shaft.
  • the first end portion and the second end portion are located on both sides of the connecting shaft portion in the up-down direction, and the connecting shaft portion protrudes from the first end portion and the second end portion and is connected to two adjacent second rod portions.
  • the second end is located in the second mounting hole, the first end extends below the second mounting hole, and the peripheral wall of the second mounting hole squeezes the second end of the elastic cantilever to make the first end of the elastic cantilever Opposite and spaced apart from the end of the first rod.
  • the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack is directly arranged on the bottom plate of the box body through the first connecting piece, and is directly arranged on the vehicle body through the second connecting piece, the explosion-proof valve can make full use of the bottom plate of the battery pack and the vehicle body.
  • the narrow space between the vehicle bodies improves the space utilization of the battery pack in the vehicle body.
  • the explosion-proof valve communicates with the exterior of the vehicle body, so that the battery pack does not need to be additionally provided with an exhaust pipe structure that extends outside the vehicle body.
  • the explosion-proof valve can also absorb external vibration and impact in time, thereby improving the reliability and sealing of the connection between the battery pack and the vehicle body reliability.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the electric vehicle of the present invention, in which only part of the vehicle body is shown for clarity.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the circled part in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view cut along the line B-B in Fig. 1, in which the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack and the vehicle body are in a fully assembled state.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the circled part in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the explosion-proof valve of the battery pack in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 12 is a front view of a second connector of the explosion-proof valve in Fig. 8.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance;
  • plural means Refers to two or more (including two); unless otherwise specified or specified, the terms “connected”, “fixed”, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “connected” can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integral connection, or electrical connection, or signal connection; “connection” can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • connection can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • the electric vehicle may include a battery pack 1 and a vehicle body 2.
  • the battery pack 1 is fixed in the vehicle body 2 by a fastener S.
  • the vehicle body 2 may be a sheet metal part, and the vehicle body 2 is provided with a second mounting hole 21.
  • the battery pack 1 may include a box, a plurality of batteries (not shown) accommodated in the box, and an explosion-proof valve 12 installed in the box.
  • the box body is housed in the vehicle body 2 and includes a bottom plate 11 supporting the plurality of batteries.
  • the bottom plate 11 faces the vehicle body 2 and has a first mounting hole 111 penetrating in the vertical direction Z.
  • One end of the explosion-proof valve 12 is set in the first mounting hole 111 of the bottom plate 11 and is connected to the bottom plate 11 in a sealed manner, and the other end of the explosion-proof valve 12 is set in the second mounting hole 21 of the vehicle body 2 and is connected to the vehicle body 2 in a sealed manner, and the explosion-proof valve Part 12 extends into the box body, and part extends out of the car body 2, so that when a large amount of gas is generated in the box of the battery pack 1, the battery pack 1 can discharge the gas inside the box body to the outside of the car body 2 through the explosion-proof valve 12 in time. .
  • the first connecting member 121 is installed on the bottom plate 11 through the first mounting hole 111, and the first connecting member 121 is formed with an upper port 1211 and includes a thimble 1212.
  • the explosion-proof membrane 124 is disposed on the upper port 1211 of the first connector 121 and seals the upper port 1211, and the explosion-proof membrane 124 is located above the thimble 1212 in the vertical direction Z.
  • the second connecting member 122 is located below the first connecting member 121 in the vertical direction Z and is spaced apart from the first connecting member 121, and the second connecting member 122 is installed on the vehicle body 2 through the second mounting hole 21.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 of the battery pack 1 is directly arranged on the bottom plate 11 of the box (ie the bottom of the battery pack 1) through the first connecting piece 121, and directly arranged on the vehicle body through the second connecting piece 122 2. Therefore, the explosion-proof valve 12 can make full use of the narrow space between the bottom plate 11 of the battery pack 1 and the vehicle body 2, thereby improving the space utilization rate of the battery pack 1 in the vehicle body 2.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 communicates with the exterior of the vehicle body 2, so that the battery pack 1 does not need to be extended out of the vehicle body.
  • the first main body part 121A extends along the up-down direction Z and is formed with the upper port 1211, and a part of the first main body part 121A is received in the first mounting hole 111 and partly protrudes from the first mounting hole 111 (that is, the part is housed in the box in vivo).
  • the first main body 121A may be formed in a cylindrical structure.
  • the first stop portion 121B is provided at a portion where the first body portion 121A extends into the box body, and the first stop portion 121B is formed on the circumferential outer side of the first body portion 121A and protrudes from the first body portion 121A.
  • the outer surface portion of the first stop portion 121B at least above in the vertical direction Z is formed as an inclined surface.
  • the first stop portion 121B has a certain resilience deformability. In order to improve the resilience deformability when the first stop portion 121B extends into the box body, the number of the first stop portion 121B may be more than one.
  • the plurality of first stop portions 121B are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the first main body portion 121A.
  • the first connecting portion 121C extends along the up-down direction Z and is located below the first main body portion 121A, and the first connecting portion 121C is sleeved and connected with the elastic connecting member 123 in a sealed manner.
  • the supporting portion 121D is formed on the inner circumferential direction of the first main body portion 121A and protrudes from the first main body portion 121A.
  • the thimble 1212 is disposed on the supporting portion 121D and faces the explosion-proof membrane 124.
  • the first extension portion 121E is formed on the circumferential outer side of the first main body portion 121A and protrudes from the first main body portion 121A, and the first extension portion 121E and the first stop portion 121B are spaced apart in the vertical direction Z.
  • the first sealing member 125 is sleeved on the part of the first main body portion 121A between the first extension portion 121E and the first stop portion 121B.
  • the first extension 121E is located below the bottom plate 11, and the first extension The portion 121E and the bottom plate 11 press together the first sealing member 125 provided therebetween, thereby achieving a sealed connection between the explosion-proof valve 12 and the bottom plate 11.
  • the first sealing member 125 may be an O-shaped sealing ring or a gasket or the like.
  • the second main body portion 122A extends in the up-down direction Z, and a portion of the second main body portion 122A is received in the second mounting hole 21 of the vehicle body 2 and partially protrudes from the second mounting hole 21 (that is, the portion is located outside the vehicle body 2).
  • the second stopper 122B is provided at a portion where the second main body 122A protrudes from the vehicle body 2, and the second stopper 122B is formed on the circumferential outer side of the second main body 122A and protrudes from the second main body 122A.
  • the outer surface portion of the second stop portion 122B at least below in the vertical direction Z is formed as an inclined surface. Furthermore, the second stopper 122B has a certain resilience deformability. In order to improve the resilience deformability when the second stopper 122B extends into the box, the second stopper 122B can be multiple in number. And a plurality of second stopper portions 122B are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the second main body portion 122A.
  • the second extension portion 122D is formed on the circumferential outer side of the second body portion 122A and protrudes from the second body portion 122A, and the second extension portion 122D and the second stopper portion 122B are spaced apart in the vertical direction Z.
  • the second sealing member 126 is sleeved on the portion of the second main body portion 122A between the second extension portion 122D and the second stop portion 122B.
  • the second extension 122D is located above the vehicle body 2, and the second extension The 122D and the vehicle body 2 squeeze the second sealing member 126 provided therebetween, thereby achieving a sealed connection between the explosion-proof valve 12 and the vehicle body 2.
  • the second sealing member 126 may be an O-ring or gasket or other structure.
  • the first connecting member 121 may further include a first rod portion 121F, the first rod portion 121F extending in the up-down direction Z and located below the first connecting portion 121C.
  • the second connecting member 122 may further include a plurality of second rod portions 122E (as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 12) and elastic cantilever arms 122F.
  • the plurality of second rod portions 122E are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction and enclose a hollow cavity together.
  • Each second rod portion 122E extends in the vertical direction Z and is connected to the second main body portion 122A, and the elastic cantilever 122F is connected to two adjacent second rod portions 122E in a cantilever manner.
  • the elastic cantilevers 122F are arranged in a pair, and the two elastic cantilevers 122F in the pair are arranged opposite to each other. Moreover, according to actual conditions, the elastic cantilevers 122F can be arranged in one or more pairs.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 is installed on the bottom plate 11 of the box body, the explosion-proof valve 12 may be damaged by hitting the explosion-proof valve 12 during the transportation of the battery pack. Therefore, the explosion-proof valve 12 is installed on the vehicle body. Before 2, the second connector 122 of the explosion-proof valve 12 can be assembled with the first connector 121 first, thereby facilitating the independent transportation of the battery pack 1 and the explosion-proof valve 12 and the installation between the explosion-proof valve 12 and the vehicle body 2.
  • the specific assembly process of the explosion-proof valve 12 is as follows: first, the first connecting piece 121 is flexibly connected to the second connecting piece 122 through the elastic connecting piece 123; then, the first rod 121F of the first connecting piece 121 passes through and the second connecting piece 122 The mutual cooperation between the elastic cantilevers 122F of the connecting piece 122 makes the first connecting piece 121 and the second connecting piece 122 rigidly connected together (as shown in FIGS. 7 and 10), thereby completing the assembly of the explosion-proof valve 12 ( At this time, the explosion-proof valve 12 is a rigid structure, as shown in the figure).
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 After the explosion-proof valve 12 is assembled, it not only facilitates the independent transportation of the explosion-proof valve 12, but also the explosion-proof valve 12 in the assembled state is in a rigid state.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 When the explosion-proof valve 12 is installed on the vehicle body 2, the explosion-proof valve 12 is a rigid structure as a whole Therefore, the problems of difficult installation and positioning and inability to assemble forcefully caused by the flexibility of the elastic connecting member 123 are avoided, thereby improving the installation efficiency of the battery pack 1 on the vehicle body 2.
  • the elastic cantilever 122F may have a first end F1, a second end F2, and a connecting shaft part F3.
  • the first end portion F1 and the second end portion F2 are located on both sides of the connecting shaft portion F3 in the vertical direction Z, and the connecting shaft portion F3 protrudes from the first end portion F1 and the second end portion F2 and is connected to two adjacent first ends.
  • the connecting shaft portion F3 of the elastic cantilever 122F is integrally formed with the first end portion F1 and the second end portion F2 and formed into a cross-shaped structure (as shown in FIG. 12).
  • the elastic cantilever 122F of the second connecting member 122 is in a freely relaxed state.
  • the second end F2 of the elastic cantilever 122F is located at the plurality of second rod portions 122E The outside (that is, the second end F2 is located outside the hollow cavity enclosed by the plurality of second rod portions 122E), and the first end F1 is located inside the plurality of second rod portions 122E (that is, the first end F1 Located in the hollow cavity enclosed by the plurality of second rod portions 122E).
  • the entire elastic cantilever 122F is inclined at a certain angle with respect to the central axis of the hollow cavity.
  • the fit between the elastic cantilever 122F of the second connecting member 122 and the first rod portion 121F of the first connecting member 121 may be a concave-convex fit, so that the first connecting member 121 and the second connecting member 122 are rigidly connected together .
  • the first end F1 of the elastic cantilever 122F may be provided with a protrusion H or a groove C; accordingly, the end of the first rod 121F may be provided with a groove C or a protrusion H.
  • the first connecting piece 121 and the second connecting piece 122 of the explosion-proof valve 12 are assembled, the first end F1 of the elastic cantilever 122F and the end of the first rod 121F are concave-convex matched, and the protrusion H is accommodated and stopped at this time In the groove C (as shown in Figures 7 and 10).
  • the first end F1 of the elastic cantilever 122F is opposite to the second The end of the rod 122E moves outwards, so that the groove C and the protrusion H are against each other, thereby realizing a rigid connection between the first connecting piece 121 and the second connecting piece 122 (the explosion-proof valve 12 is a rigid structure).

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Abstract

一种防爆阀（12）、电池包（1）及电动汽车，防爆阀（12）包括第一连接件（121）、第二连接件（122）、弹性连接件（123）和防爆膜（124）；第一连接件（121）形成有上端口（1211）且包括顶针（1212）；第二连接件（122）与第一连接件（121）间隔设置；弹性连接件（123）密封连接第一连接件（121）和第二连接件（122）；防爆膜（124）设置于上端口（1211）并密封上端口（1211），防爆膜（124）位于顶针（1212）上方。

Description

防爆阀、电池包及电动汽车
本申请要求于2019年8月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910785077.7、发明名称为“防爆阀、电池包及电动汽车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种防爆阀、电池包及电动汽车。
背景技术
当电池包应用于电动汽车中时，电池包通常固定于电动汽车的车体内。由于电池包内的电池有可能因过充、短路或被刺穿而发生急剧大量排气现象，此时需要将气体及时排出至电动汽车的车体外，以避免电池包内部气压过大产生爆破。
目前，为了将电池包内部的气体及时排出至电动汽车的车体外，常用的做法是：在电池包的侧面安装防爆阀、并通过排气管将防爆阀与车体外部连通(此时排气管的一端连接于防爆阀、另一端经由车体上的排气孔伸出至车体外部)。但是，采用这种侧面设置防爆阀和排气管的方式，增大了电池包的整体尺寸，由此降低了电池包的能量密度；当电池包安装于电动汽车的车体内时，其在一定程度上牺牲了电池包在车体内的可用空间，从而降低了电池包在车体内的空间利用率。
发明内容
鉴于背景技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种防爆阀、电池包及电动汽车，防爆阀设置于电池包的箱体底部与车体之间，从而提高了电池包在车体内的空间利用率；且防爆阀直接与车体外部连通，从而使得电池包无需额外设置排气管结构，由此不仅简化了电池包的结构、还减小了电池包的整体尺寸，进而提高了电池包的能量密度。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种防爆阀，其包括第一连接件、第二连接件、弹性连接件和防爆膜。第一连接件形成有上端口且包括顶针。第二连接件在上下方向上位于第一连接件下方并与第一连接件间隔设置。弹性 连接件套设于第一连接件和第二连接件并密封连接第一连接件和第二连接件。防爆膜设置于第一连接件的上端口并密封所述上端口，且防爆膜在上下方向上位于顶针上方。
第一连接件包括第一主体部和第一连接部。第一主体部沿上下方向延伸并形成有所述上端口，第一连接部沿上下方向延伸并位于第一主体部下方，且第一连接部密封连接于弹性连接件。
第一连接件还包括第一止挡部和第一延伸部。第一止挡部形成于第一主体部的周向外侧并突出于第一主体部，第一延伸部形成于第一主体部的周向外侧并突出于第一主体部，且第一延伸部在上下方向上与第一止挡部间隔设置。防爆阀还包括第一密封件，第一密封件在第一止挡部与第一延伸部之间套设于第一主体部。
第一连接件还包括支撑部，该支撑部形成于第一主体部的周向内侧并突出于第一主体部，所述顶针设置于支撑部并面向防爆膜。
第二连接件包括第二主体部和第二连接部。第二主体部沿上下方向延伸，第二连接部沿上下方向延伸并位于第二主体部上方，且第二连接部密封连接于弹性连接件。
第二连接件还包括第二止挡部和第二延伸部。第二止挡部形成于第二主体部的周向外侧并突出于第二主体部，第二延伸部形成于第二主体部的周向外侧并突出于第二主体部，且第二延伸部在上下方向上与第二止挡部间隔设置。防爆阀还包括第二密封件，第二密封件在第二止挡部和第二延伸部之间套设于第二主体部。
第一连接件还包括第一杆部，第一杆部沿上下方向延伸并位于第一连接部下方。第二连接件还包括多个第二杆部和弹性悬臂，所述多个第二杆部沿周向间隔设置，各第二杆部沿上下方向延伸并连接于第二主体部，且弹性悬臂以悬臂式方式连接于相邻的两个第二杆部。第二连接件的弹性悬臂与第一连接件的第一杆部配合，以使第一连接件连接于第二连接件。
第二连接件的弹性悬臂与第一连接件的第一杆部之间的配合方式为凹凸配合。
弹性悬臂具有第一端部、第二端部和连接轴部。第一端部和第二端部在上下方向上位于连接轴部两侧，连接轴部突出于第一端部和第二端部并连接 于相邻的两个第二杆部。弹性悬臂的第一端部与第一杆部的末端配合，以使第一连接件连接于第二连接件。
弹性悬臂相对于所述多个第二杆部围成的中空腔体的中心轴线倾斜。
本发明还提供了一种电池包，其包括箱体和上述所述的防爆阀。箱体包括底板，且底板设置有第一安装孔。防爆阀的第一连接件设置于第一安装孔并与底板密封连接，第二连接件和弹性连接件在上下方向上位于底板下方。
电池包的防爆阀通过第一连接件直接设置于箱体的底板，且通过第二连接件直接设置于车体，且防爆阀的部分伸入箱体内、部分伸出车体外。
本发明还提供了一种电动汽车，其包括车体和上述所述的电池包，车体设置有第二安装孔，防爆阀的第二连接件设置于第二安装孔并与车体密封连接。
第一连接件包括第一杆部，且第一杆部沿上下方向延伸。第二连接件包括多个第二杆部和弹性悬臂，所述多个第二杆部沿周向间隔设置，各第二杆部沿上下方向延伸，且弹性悬臂以悬臂式方式连接于第二杆部。第一杆部的末端和第二杆部的部分均伸出至第二安装孔下方。
弹性悬臂具有第一端部、第二端部和连接轴部。第一端部和第二端部在上下方向上位于连接轴部两侧，且连接轴部突出于第一端部和第二端部并连接于相邻的两个第二杆部。第二端部位于第二安装孔内、第一端部伸出至第二安装孔下方，且第二安装孔的周壁挤压弹性悬臂的第二端部，以使弹性悬臂的第一端部与第一杆部的末端相对且间隔设置。本发明的有益效果如下：
在本申请的电动汽车中，由于电池包的防爆阀通过第一连接件直接设置于箱体的底板、通过第二连接件直接设置于车体，从而防爆阀能够充分利用电池包的底板与车体之间的狭小空间，由此提高了电池包在车体内的空间利用率。并且，基于第一连接件、弹性连接件以及第二连接件之间的连通关系，实现了防爆阀与车体外部的连通，从而使得电池包无需额外设置伸出车体外部的排气管结构，由此不仅简化了电池包的结构、还减小了电池包的整体尺寸，进而提高了电池包的能量密度。此外，当电动汽车在道路不平的路况下行驶时，基于弹性连接件自身的弹性，防爆阀还能够及时吸收外界的振动和冲击，从而提高了电池包与车体之间的连接可靠性和密封可靠性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电动汽车的立体图，其中为了清楚起见，只示出了部分车体。
图2是沿图1中的A-A线切分后的剖视图。
图3是图2中的圆圈部分的放大图。
图4是沿图1中的B-B线切分后的剖视图，其中电池包的防爆阀与车体处于完全装配状态。
图5是图4中的圆圈部分的放大图。
图6是电池包的防爆阀与车体的安装示意图，其中防爆阀与车体处于未完全装配状态。
图7是图6中的圆圈部分的放大图。
图8是图1中的电池包的防爆阀的立体分解图。
图9是电池包的防爆阀的主视图。
图10是沿图9中的C-C线切分后的剖视图。
图11是图8中的防爆阀的第一连接件的主视图。
图12是图8中的防爆阀的第二连接件的主视图。
图13是沿图12中的D-D线切分后的剖视图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1电池包                       122D第二延伸部
11底板                        122E第二杆部
111第一安装孔                 122F弹性悬臂
12防爆阀                        F1第一端部
121第一连接件                   F2第二端部
1211上端口                      F3连接轴部
1212顶针                  123弹性连接件
121A第一主体部            124防爆膜
121B第一止挡部            125第一密封件
121C第一连接部            126第二密封件
121D支撑部            2车体
121E第一延伸部          21第二安装孔
121F第一杆部          H凸起
122第二连接件         C凹槽
122A第二主体部        S紧固件
122B第二止挡部        Z上下方向
122C第二连接部
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；术语“多个”是指两个以上(包括两个)；除非另有规定或说明，术语“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接，或信号连接；“连接”可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
参照图1至图7，电动汽车可包括电池包1和车体2。其中，电池包1通过紧固件S固定于车体2内。车体2可为钣金件，且车体2设置有第二安装孔21。
电池包1可包括箱体、收容于箱体内的多个电池(未示出)以及安装于箱体的防爆阀12。箱体收容于车体2内且包括支撑所述多个电池的底板11，底板11面向车体2并沿上下方向Z贯通设置有第一安装孔111。
防爆阀12的一端设置于底板11的第一安装孔111并与底板11密封连接、防爆阀12的另一端设置于车体2的第二安装孔21并与车体2密封连接，且防爆阀12的部分伸入箱体内、部分伸出车体2外，从而当电池包1的箱体内产生大量气体时，电池包1能够通过防爆阀12将箱体内部的气体及时排出到 车体2外。
具体地，参照图1至图13，防爆阀12可包括第一连接件121、第二连接件122、弹性连接件123、防爆膜124、第一密封件125和第二密封件126。
参照图8至图10，第一连接件121通过第一安装孔111安装于底板11，且第一连接件121形成有上端口1211且包括顶针1212。防爆膜124设置于第一连接件121的上端口1211并密封所述上端口1211，且防爆膜124在上下方向Z上位于顶针1212的上方。当电池包1的箱体内产生大量气体时，所述大量气体会向下挤压防爆膜124直至防爆膜124被顶针1212刺破，由此实现第一连接件121与箱体内部的连通，从而将箱体内的气体排出。
第二连接件122在上下方向Z上位于第一连接件121下方并与第一连接件121间隔设置，且第二连接件122通过第二安装孔21安装于车体2。
弹性连接件123套设于第一连接件121和第二连接件122并密封连接第一连接件121和第二连接件122。第二连接件122连通于车体2外部且经由弹性连接件123与第一连接件121连通。
在本申请的电动汽车中，由于电池包1的防爆阀12通过第一连接件121直接设置于箱体的底板11(即电池包1的底部)、通过第二连接件122直接设置于车体2，从而防爆阀12能够充分利用电池包1的底板11与车体2之间的狭小空间，由此提高了电池包1在车体2内的空间利用率。并且，基于第一连接件121、弹性连接件123以及第二连接件122之间的连通关系，实现了防爆阀12与车体2外部的连通，从而使得电池包1无需额外设置伸出车体2外部的排气管结构，由此不仅简化了电池包1的结构、还减小了电池包1的整体尺寸，进而提高了电池包1的能量密度(即在车体2的安装空间不变的情况下，本申请的电池包1比传统结构的电池包的能量密度高)。此外，当电动汽车在道路不平的路况下行驶时，基于弹性连接件123自身的弹性，防爆阀12不仅能够吸收电池包1与车体2之间的装配公差、还能够及时吸收外界的振动和冲击，从而提高了电池包1与车体2之间的连接可靠性和密封可靠性。
参照图3、图5、图7以及图9至图11，防爆阀12的第一连接件121可包括第一主体部121A、第一止挡部121B、第一连接部121C、支撑部121D以及第一延伸部121E。
第一主体部121A沿上下方向Z延伸并形成有所述上端口1211，且第一主体部121A的部分收容于第一安装孔111、部分伸出第一安装孔111(即该部分收容于箱体内)。其中，第一主体部121A可形成为圆柱状结构。
第一止挡部121B设置于第一主体部121A伸入箱体的部分，且第一止挡部121B形成于第一主体部121A的周向外侧并突出于第一主体部121A。当防爆阀12的第一连接件121通过第一安装孔111安装于底板11后(如图3所示)，第一连接件121的第一止挡部121B止挡于底板11上方，由此将防爆阀12固定于底板11。
为了便于第一止挡部121B能够随着第一主体部121A伸入箱体中，第一止挡部121B在上下方向Z上至少处于上方的外表面部分形成为斜面。进一步地，第一止挡部121B具有一定的回弹变形性，为了提高第一止挡部121B伸入箱体时的回弹变形性，第一止挡部121B在数量上可为多个，且多个第一止挡部121B沿第一主体部121A的周向间隔设置。
第一连接部121C沿上下方向Z延伸并位于第一主体部121A下方，且第一连接部121C供弹性连接件123套设并与弹性连接件123密封连接。
支撑部121D形成于第一主体部121A的周向内侧并突出于第一主体部121A。所述顶针1212设置于支撑部121D并面向防爆膜124。
第一延伸部121E形成于第一主体部121A的周向外侧并突出于第一主体部121A，且第一延伸部121E与第一止挡部121B在上下方向Z上间隔设置。其中，第一密封件125套设于第一主体部121A处于第一延伸部121E与第一止挡部121B之间的部分。当防爆阀12的第一连接件121通过第一安装孔111安装于底板11后(如图3、图5和图7所示)，第一延伸部121E位于底板11下方，此时第一延伸部121E与底板11一起挤压设置于二者之间的第一密封件125，由此实现防爆阀12与底板11之间的密封连接。其中，第一密封件125可为O型密封圈或垫片等结构。
参照图3、图5、图7、图12和图13，防爆阀12的第二连接件122可包括第二主体部122A、第二止挡部122B、第二连接部122C和第二延伸部122D。
第二主体部122A沿上下方向Z延伸，且第二主体部122A的部分收容于车体2的第二安装孔21、部分伸出第二安装孔21(即该部分位于车体2外)。
第二止挡部122B设置于第二主体部122A伸出车体2的部分，且第二止 挡部122B形成于第二主体部122A的周向外侧并突出于第二主体部122A。当防爆阀12的第二连接件122通过第二安装孔21安装于车体2后(如图3和图5所示)，第二连接件122的第二止挡部122B止挡于车体2下方，由此将防爆阀12固定于车体2。
为了便于第二止挡部122B能够随着第二主体部122A伸出车体2外，第二止挡部122B在上下方向Z上至少处于下方的外表面部分形成为斜面。进一步地，第二止挡部122B具有一定的回弹变形性，为了提高第二止挡部122B伸入箱体时的回弹变形性，第二止挡部122B在数量上可为多个，且多个第二止挡部122B沿第二主体部122A的周向间隔设置。
第二连接部122C沿上下方向Z延伸并位于第二主体部122A上方，且第二连接部122C供弹性连接件123套设并与弹性连接件123密封连接。
第二延伸部122D形成于第二主体部122A的周向外侧并突出于第二主体部122A，且第二延伸部122D与第二止挡部122B在上下方向Z上间隔设置。其中，第二密封件126套设于第二主体部122A处于第二延伸部122D与第二止挡部122B之间的部分。当防爆阀12的第二连接件122通过第二安装孔21安装于车体2后(如图3和图5所示)，第二延伸部122D位于车体2上方，此时第二延伸部122D与车体2一起挤压设置于二者之间的第二密封件126，由此实现防爆阀12与车体2之间的密封连接。其中，第二密封件126可为O型密封圈或垫片等结构。
参照图5、图7以及图9至图13，第一连接件121还可包括第一杆部121F，第一杆部121F沿上下方向Z延伸并位于第一连接部121C下方。第二连接件122还可包括多个第二杆部122E(如图3和图12所示)和弹性悬臂122F，所述多个第二杆部122E沿周向间隔设置并一起围成中空腔体，各第二杆部122E沿上下方向Z延伸并连接于第二主体部122A，且弹性悬臂122F以悬臂式方式连接于相邻的两个第二杆部122E。
具体地，弹性悬臂122F成对设置，且成对中的两个弹性悬臂122F相对设置。并且，根据实际情况，弹性悬臂122F可设置为一对或多对。
需要说明的是，由于防爆阀12安装在箱体的底板11上，从而在电池包的搬运过程中可能因撞击防爆阀12而引起防爆阀12的损伤问题，因此在防爆阀12安装于车体2前，防爆阀12的第二连接件122可先与第一连接件121 完成装配，由此便于电池包1和防爆阀12的独立运输以及防爆阀12与车体2之间的安装。
其中，防爆阀12的具体组装过程如下：首先，第一连接件121通过弹性连接件123与第二连接件122进行柔性连接；然后，第一连接件121的第一杆部121F通过与第二连接件122的弹性悬臂122F之间的相互配合，使得第一连接件121与第二连接件122刚性地连接在一起(如图7和图10所示)，由此完成防爆阀12的组装(此时防爆阀12为一个刚性结构，如图)。防爆阀12组装完成后，其不仅便于防爆阀12的独立运输，且在该装配状态下的防爆阀12处于刚性状态，当防爆阀12安装于车体2时，由于防爆阀12整体为刚性结构，从而避免了因弹性连接件123具有柔性而导致的安装定位难、无法用力装配的问题，由此提高了电池包1在车体2上的安装效率。
具体地，参照图8、图10、图12和图13，弹性悬臂122F可具有第一端部F1、第二端部F2和连接轴部F3。第一端部F1和第二端部F2在上下方向Z上位于连接轴部F3两侧，连接轴部F3突出于第一端部F1和第二端部F2并连接于相邻的两个第二杆部122E。其中，弹性悬臂122F的连接轴部F3与第一端部F1、第二端部F2一体成型并形成为十字状结构(如图12所示)。
在第一连接件121与第二连接件122组装前，第二连接件122的弹性悬臂122F处于自由放松状态，此时弹性悬臂122F的第二端部F2位于所述多个第二杆部122E外侧(即第二端部F2位于所述多个第二杆部122E围成的中空腔体外)，而第一端部F1位于所述多个第二杆部122E内侧(即第一端部F1位于所述多个第二杆部122E围成的中空腔体内)。换句话说，弹性悬臂122F整体相对于所述中空腔体的中心轴线倾斜一定角度。
第二连接件122的弹性悬臂122F与第一连接件121的第一杆部121F之间的配合方式可为凹凸配合，由此使得第一连接件121与第二连接件122刚性地连接在一起。具体地，弹性悬臂122F的第一端部F1可设置有凸起H或凹槽C；相应地，第一杆部121F的末端可设置有凹槽C或凸起H。
当防爆阀12的第一连接件121与第二连接件122组装后，弹性悬臂122F的第一端部F1与第一杆部121F的末端凹凸配合，此时所述凸起H收容并止挡于所述凹槽C中(如图7和图10所示)。在二者的组装过程中，由于所述凹槽C的内壁对所述凸起H有向外的挤压力，且在挤压力的作用下弹性悬臂 122F的第一端部F1相对第二杆部122E的末端向外移动，从而使得所述凹槽C与所述凸起H相互顶住，由此实现第一连接件121与第二连接件122之间的刚性连接(此时防爆阀12为一个刚性结构)。当防爆阀12处于刚性状态下时，基于防爆阀12自身的刚性结构，防爆阀12的第二连接件122能够快速、准确地插入车体2的第二安装孔21中(此时第一连接件121的第一杆部121F的末端和第二连接件122的第二杆部122E的部分均伸出至第二安装孔21下方，如图7所示)，由此提高了电池包1在车体2上的安装效率。
进一步地，在第二连接件122插入车体2的第二安装孔21中后，继续下压第二连接件122，当弹性悬臂122F的第二端部F2进入第二安装孔21中时，第二安装孔21的周壁挤压弹性悬臂122F的第二端部F2，从而使得弹性悬臂122F的第一端部F1逐渐远离第一杆部121F的末端、直至二者之间的配合关系被完全解除(即所述凸起H与所述凹槽C之间的凹凸配合关系被解除，此时弹性悬臂122F的第一端部F1与第一杆部121F的末端相对且间隔设置，如图5所示)，由此完成防爆阀12与车体2之间的安装。换句话说，防爆阀12与车体2完成装配后，防爆阀12的第一连接件121与第二连接件122之间的刚性连接被解除，此时二者仅通过弹性连接件123进行柔性连接。而基于弹性连接件123自身的弹性，防爆阀12不仅能够吸收电池包1与车体2之间的装配公差、还能够及时吸收外界的振动和冲击，从而提高了电池包1与车体2之间的连接可靠性和密封可靠性。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，所述防爆阀(12)包括第一连接件(121)、第二连接件(122)、弹性连接件(123)和防爆膜(124)；
    第一连接件(121)形成有上端口(1211)且包括顶针(1212)；
    第二连接件(122)在上下方向(Z)上位于第一连接件(121)下方并与第一连接件(121)间隔设置；
    弹性连接件(123)套设于第一连接件(121)和第二连接件(122)并密封连接第一连接件(121)和第二连接件(122)；
    防爆膜(124)设置于第一连接件(121)的上端口(1211)并密封所述上端口(1211)，且防爆膜(124)在上下方向(Z)上位于顶针(1212)上方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    第一连接件(121)包括第一主体部(121A)和第一连接部(121C)；
    第一主体部(121A)沿上下方向(Z)延伸并形成有所述上端口(1211)，第一连接部(121C)沿上下方向(Z)延伸并位于第一主体部(121A)下方，且第一连接部(121C)密封连接于弹性连接件(123)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    第一连接件(121)还包括第一止挡部(121B)和第一延伸部(121E)；
    第一止挡部(121B)形成于第一主体部(121A)的周向外侧并突出于第一主体部(121A)，第一延伸部(121E)形成于第一主体部(121A)的周向外侧并突出于第一主体部(121A)，且第一延伸部(121E)在上下方向(Z)上与第一止挡部(121B)间隔设置；
    防爆阀(12)还包括第一密封件(125)，第一密封件(125)在第一止挡部(121B)与第一延伸部(121E)之间套设于第一主体部(121A)。
  4. 根据权利要求2-3任一项所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    第一连接件(121)还包括支撑部(121D)，该支撑部形成于第一主 体部(121A)的周向内侧并突出于第一主体部(121A)，所述顶针(1212)设置于支撑部(121D)并面向防爆膜(124)。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    第二连接件(122)包括第二主体部(122A)和第二连接部(122C)；
    第二主体部(122A)沿上下方向(Z)延伸，第二连接部(122C)沿上下方向(Z)延伸并位于第二主体部(122A)上方，且第二连接部(122C)密封连接于弹性连接件(123)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    第二连接件(122)还包括第二止挡部(122B)和第二延伸部(122D)；
    第二止挡部(122B)形成于第二主体部(122A)的周向外侧并突出于第二主体部(122A)，第二延伸部(122D)形成于第二主体部(122A)的周向外侧并突出于第二主体部(122A)，且第二延伸部(122D)在上下方向(Z)上与第二止挡部(122B)间隔设置；
    防爆阀(12)还包括第二密封件(126)，第二密封件(126)在第二止挡部(122B)和第二延伸部(122D)之间套设于第二主体部(122A)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    第一连接件(121)还包括第一杆部(121F)，第一杆部(121F)沿上下方向(Z)延伸并位于第一连接部(121C)下方；
    第二连接件(122)还包括多个第二杆部(122E)和弹性悬臂(122F)，所述多个第二杆部(122E)沿周向间隔设置，各第二杆部(122E)沿上下方向(Z)延伸并连接于第二主体部(122A)，且弹性悬臂(122F)以悬臂式方式连接于相邻的两个第二杆部(122E)；
    第二连接件(122)的弹性悬臂(122F)与第一连接件(121)的第一杆部(121F)配合，以使第一连接件(121)连接于第二连接件(122)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    第二连接件(122)的弹性悬臂(122F)与第一连接件(121)的第一杆 部(121F)之间的配合方式为凹凸配合。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，
    弹性悬臂(122F)具有第一端部(F1)、第二端部(F2)和连接轴部(F3)；
    第一端部(F1)和第二端部(F2)在上下方向(Z)上位于连接轴部(F3)两侧，连接轴部(F3)突出于第一端部(F1)和第二端部(F2)并连接于相邻的两个第二杆部(122E)；
    弹性悬臂(122F)的第一端部(F1)与第一杆部(121F)的末端配合，以使第一连接件(121)连接于第二连接件(122)。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的防爆阀(12)，其特征在于，弹性悬臂(122F)相对于所述多个第二杆部(122E)围成的中空腔体的中心轴线倾斜。
  11. 一种电池包(1)，包括箱体，箱体包括底板(11)，且底板(11)设置有第一安装孔(111)，其特征在于，
    电池包(1)还包括权利要求1-6任一项所述的防爆阀(12)，防爆阀(12)的第一连接件(121)设置于第一安装孔(111)并与底板(11)密封连接，第二连接件(122)和弹性连接件(123)在上下方向(Z)上位于底板(11)下方。
  12. 一种电池包(1)，包括箱体，箱体包括底板(11)，且底板(11)设置有第一安装孔(111)，其特征在于，
    电池包(1)还包括权利要求7-10任一项所述的防爆阀(12)，防爆阀(12)的第一连接件(121)设置于第一安装孔(111)并与底板(11)密封连接，第二连接件(122)和弹性连接件(123)在上下方向(Z)上位于底板(11)下方。
  13. 一种电动汽车，包括车体(2)，车体(2)设置有第二安装孔(21)，其特征在于，电动汽车还包括权利要求11所述的电池包(1)，电池包(1)的防爆阀(11)的第二连接件(122)设置于第二安装孔(21)并与车体(2) 密封连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，
    电池包的防爆阀(12)通过第一连接件(121)直接设置于箱体的底板(11)，且通过第二连接件(122)直接设置于车体(2)，且防爆阀(12)的部分伸入箱体内、部分伸出车体(2)外。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，
    第一连接件(121)包括第一杆部(121F)，且第一杆部(121F)沿上下方向(Z)延伸；
    第二连接件(122)包括多个第二杆部(122E)和弹性悬臂(122F)，所述多个第二杆部(122E)沿周向间隔设置，各第二杆部(122E)沿上下方向(Z)延伸，且弹性悬臂(122F)以悬臂式方式连接于第二杆部(122E)；
    第一杆部(121F)的末端和第二杆部(122E)的部分均伸出至第二安装孔(21)下方。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，
    弹性悬臂(122F)具有第一端部(F1)、第二端部(F2)和连接轴部(F3)；
    第一端部(F1)和第二端部(F2)在上下方向(Z)上位于连接轴部(F3)两侧，且连接轴部(F3)突出于第一端部(F1)和第二端部(F2)并连接于相邻的两个第二杆部(122E)；
    第二端部(F2)位于第二安装孔(21)内、第一端部(F1)伸出至第二安装孔(21)下方，且第二安装孔(21)的周壁挤压弹性悬臂(122F)的第二端部(F2)，以使弹性悬臂(122F)的第一端部(F1)与第一杆部(121F)的末端相对且间隔设置。
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