WO2021023270A1 - 一种超声波雾化片及其制作工艺、超声波电子烟 - Google Patents

一种超声波雾化片及其制作工艺、超声波电子烟 Download PDF

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WO2021023270A1
WO2021023270A1 PCT/CN2020/107467 CN2020107467W WO2021023270A1 WO 2021023270 A1 WO2021023270 A1 WO 2021023270A1 CN 2020107467 W CN2020107467 W CN 2020107467W WO 2021023270 A1 WO2021023270 A1 WO 2021023270A1
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layer
porous oil
piezoelectric vibrator
conducting layer
oil
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PCT/CN2020/107467
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘建福
钟科军
郭小义
黄炜
尹新强
易建华
李志红
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湖南中烟工业有限责任公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/05—Devices without heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/10—Devices using liquid inhalable precursors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/70—Manufacture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F47/00—Smokers' requisites not otherwise provided for
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
    • C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
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    • C04B35/493—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT containing also other lead compounds
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products

Definitions

  • the invention particularly relates to an ultrasonic atomizing sheet and its manufacturing process, and an ultrasonic electronic cigarette.
  • Piezoelectric vibrator is a basic piezoelectric element, which is widely used in various ultrasonic equipment and instruments. It is the core of ultrasonic flowmeter, ultrasonic filter, underwater acoustic transducer, ultrasonic knife, ultrasonic welding, ultrasonic flaw detector, etc. Functional parts.
  • the ultrasonic piezoelectric vibrator is the core of the atomization device. Its basic structure is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic body and two metal electrode surfaces. During the working process, when a periodic dynamic voltage signal is applied to the metal electrode, the piezoelectric The ceramic body will generate periodic high-frequency mechanical vibration, thereby generating ultrasonic waves, and atomizing the liquid to generate aerosol.
  • Ultrasonic electronic cigarette is an electronic cigarette designed by applying the above principles.
  • the basic structure of the ultrasonic piezoelectric vibrator in the ultrasonic electronic cigarette is also composed of a piezoelectric ceramic body and metal electrode layers printed on both sides of the piezoelectric ceramic body.
  • the atomizer structure of ultrasonic electronic cigarettes is different from ordinary humidifiers and aroma diffusers.
  • the electronic cigarette liquid Due to the high atomization temperature of the electronic cigarette liquid (combined with propylene glycol, glycerol, nicotine and various flavors and fragrances), it is in the fog It is necessary to guide the e-liquid to the surface of the ultrasonic piezoelectric vibrator through the oil-conducting medium, and atomize the e-liquid led to the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator through high-frequency periodic vibration, and the atomized aerosol exits the human oral cavity through the airway .
  • the oil-conducting medium can be absorbent cotton, porous ceramics, aramid cloth, non-woven fabric, PPS and other porous, temperature-resistant, and lipophilic materials, which can quickly absorb the smoke oil and guide the smoke oil to the ultrasonic piezoelectric vibrator.
  • the oil-conducting medium can be absorbent cotton, porous ceramics, aramid cloth, non-woven fabric, PPS and other porous, temperature-resistant, and lipophilic materials, which can quickly absorb the smoke oil and guide the smoke oil to the ultrasonic piezoelectric vibrator.
  • Ultrasonic electronic cigarettes currently use fiber-type oil-conducting media, which are fixed in the atomization chamber through a spring and silicone sleeve. Since ultrasonic electronic cigarettes do not have automatic equipment assembly, most of the stations are assembled manually.
  • the structural parts can be positioned and limited by the steps and slots of the structural parts, but for assembling the oil guiding medium, the operation level of the workers will have a certain influence on the smoothness of the atomizer's oil guiding.
  • the tightness and position deviation of the oil guiding medium after assembly will affect the oil guiding speed, thereby affecting the atomization effect and the suction experience.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic atomizing sheet and its manufacturing process, and an ultrasonic electronic cigarette, in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer and the piezoelectric vibrator are designed as an integrated structure, and the porous oil-conducting layer is avoided separately , Thereby avoiding inconsistency during assembly, ensuring atomization effect and suction experience, simple and convenient operation, saving time and effort.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • An ultrasonic atomizing sheet includes a piezoelectric vibrator, and its structure is characterized in that a porous oil-conducting layer is fixed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer and the piezoelectric vibrator are designed as an integral structure, avoiding separate assembly of the porous oil-conducting layer, thereby avoiding inconsistency during assembly, ensuring the atomization effect and suction experience, and the operation is simple and convenient, saving time and effort .
  • the through holes on the porous oil-conducting layer are arranged regularly.
  • the arrangement of the through holes is regular, the oil is more uniform, and the atomization effect is better.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer is fixed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator through an adhesion layer.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer and the piezoelectric vibrator are integrally formed.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer can be fixed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator through the adhesion layer, or can be directly integrally formed with the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • the process flow of the ultrasonic atomization sheet formed by the integral molding process is shorter.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator includes an upper electrode layer, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, and a lower electrode layer arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • a glaze layer is also provided on the upper surface of the upper electrode layer, so as to ensure that the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator has a good smoothness.
  • the upper surface of the glaze layer is provided with a sandblasting surface to ensure good adhesion strength between the piezoelectric vibrator and the porous oil-conducting layer.
  • the present invention also provides an ultrasonic atomizing sheet manufacturing process, including:
  • Step A1 making piezoelectric vibrators
  • Step B1 making a porous oil-conducting layer
  • Step C1 setting an adhesion layer on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator
  • Step D1 align the porous oil-conducting layer and the adhesion layer on the piezoelectric vibrator, and laminate the porous oil-conducting layer on the piezoelectric vibrator; wherein, the through holes on the adhesion layer and the through-holes on the porous oil-conducting layer are opposite to each other;
  • Step E1 drying the integrated piece formed by pressing and cooling it.
  • step A1 and step B1 are executed in no particular order.
  • step C1 before setting the adhesion layer, it further includes sandblasting the position of the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator corresponding to the adhesion layer.
  • the adhesion layer is formed by screen printing high temperature glue, wherein the film image on the screen is consistent with the porous structure of the porous oil-conducting layer.
  • the present invention also provides an ultrasonic atomizing sheet manufacturing process, including:
  • Step A1 making piezoelectric vibrators
  • Step B2 making a porous oil-conducting layer body
  • Step C2 composite the porous oil-conducting layer body onto the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator through a hot-press lamination or isostatic lamination process;
  • Step D2 sintering the integral part formed by the composite.
  • step A1 and step B2 are executed in no particular order.
  • step A1 it further includes sandblasting the position on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator corresponding to the porous oil-conducting layer.
  • the present invention also provides an ultrasonic atomizing sheet manufacturing process, including:
  • Step A3 selecting a recipe for making piezoelectric ceramic sheets, weighing the raw materials for making piezoelectric ceramic sheets according to the recipe; performing pretreatment, mixing and pre-sintering processes on the raw materials of piezoelectric ceramic sheets in sequence;
  • Step B3 selecting raw materials for making the porous oil-conducting layer; sequentially performing pretreatment and mixing processes on the raw materials of the porous oil-conducting layer;
  • Step C3 Place the pre-fired piezoelectric ceramic sheet material in a mold to form a piezoelectric ceramic sheet body; then place the mixed porous oil-conducting layer raw material on the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet body and shape it to obtain Piezoelectric ceramic chip body with porous oil-conducting layer;
  • Step D3 sintering the piezoelectric ceramic sheet green body with the porous oil-conducting layer
  • Step E3 setting an upper electrode layer on the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet except for the porous oil-conducting layer, and setting a lower electrode layer on the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet;
  • Step F3 polarizing the piezoelectric ceramic sheet.
  • step A3 and step B3 are executed in no particular order.
  • step F3 it also includes:
  • step G3 a glaze layer is provided on the upper surface of the upper electrode layer.
  • the present invention also provides an ultrasonic electronic cigarette, including an oil tank, which is characterized by further including the ultrasonic atomizing sheet, and the oil tank is connected to the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator through a porous oil-conducting layer.
  • the present invention designs the porous oil-conducting layer and the piezoelectric vibrator as an integrated structure, the porous oil-conducting layer on the surface can store and guide oil, and the piezoelectric vibrator at the bottom can generate high-frequency vibration.
  • the present invention provides an integrated piece that integrates the two functional effects of a porous oil-conducting layer and a piezoelectric vibrator.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer can be avoided to be assembled separately, thereby avoiding inconsistencies during assembly, and ensuring the atomization effect and suction experience. The operation is simple and convenient, saving time and effort.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the ultrasonic atomizing sheet of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the porous oil-conducting layer.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram of the positional relationship between the sandblasting surface and the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • Figure 7 shows the uniform distribution of high temperature glue.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of pressing.
  • Figure 9 shows the temperature profile of the drying process.
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the upper electrode layer and the glaze layer and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet.
  • 1 is a piezoelectric vibrator
  • 101 is an upper electrode layer
  • 102 is a piezoelectric ceramic sheet
  • 103 is a lower electrode layer
  • 104 is a glaze layer
  • 105 is a sandblasted surface
  • 2 is a porous oil-conducting layer
  • 3 is an adhesion layer.
  • the first embodiment of the ultrasonic atomization sheet includes a piezoelectric vibrator 1, and a porous oil-conducting layer 2 is fixed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is fixed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 through the adhesion layer 3.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 includes a glaze layer 104, an upper electrode layer 101, a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102, and a lower electrode layer 103 that are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
  • the drive control circuit generates a drive voltage consistent with the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and applies it to the piezoelectric vibrator 1, and the piezoelectric vibrator 1 will generate high-frequency resonance, thereby dispersing and atomizing the liquid e-liquid to produce smoke.
  • Fig. 5 shows various structures of the cross section of the porous oil-conducting layer 2.
  • the through holes on the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are arranged regularly, which are used for oil storage and oil conduction.
  • the material of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 must be a lipophilic matrix, so that the porous oil-conducting layer 2 can have a good adsorption of e-liquid, and can achieve rapid oil absorption and oil transfer.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer 2 oil-conducting medium used on the ultrasonic electronic cigarette needs to reach the level of immersion and wetting, and the shorter the immersion and wetting time, the better, that is, the porous oil-conducting layer 2 can complete its own smoke absorption in a shorter time The process of oil, smoke oil.
  • the upper surface of the glaze layer 104 is provided with a sandblasting surface 105 to ensure good adhesion strength between the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer 2 and the piezoelectric vibrator 1 are integrally formed.
  • the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the formation process. Compared with the first embodiment, the structure of the second embodiment does not have the adhesion layer 3.
  • the structure of the second embodiment is not shown in the drawings, but it does not affect the understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention also provides an ultrasonic electronic cigarette, which includes an oil tank and the ultrasonic atomizing sheet.
  • the oil tank is in communication with the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 through the porous oil-conducting layer 2.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are fixed together by pressing.
  • the manufacturing process of the ultrasonic atomization sheet in the first embodiment is as follows:
  • Step A1 make piezoelectric vibrator 1
  • ultrasonic piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 commonly uses the following formula :Pb(ZrTi)O 3 , PbLa(ZrTi)O 3 , PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(MgNb)O 3 , PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(ZnNb), PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(CoNb)O 3 , PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(MnNb)O 3 , PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(SbNb)O 3 , PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(MnSb)O 3 , PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(MnSb)O 3 , PbTiO 3 -PbZrO 3 -Pb(M
  • the selected formula is: Pb0.92Mg0.04Sr0.025Ba0.015(Zr0.46Ti0.54)O3+0.5(weight)% CeO 2 +0.2(weight)%MnO 2 +0.7(weight)%Pb 3 O 4
  • the raw materials used are: red lead oxide, containing 98.0% Pb 3 O 4 ; magnesium oxide, containing 98.0% MgO; strontium carbonate, containing 97.0% SrCO 3 ; barium carbonate, containing 98.0% BaCO 3 ; zirconium oxide, containing ZrO 2 99.5 %; Titanium oxide, containing TiO 2 99.0%; Cerium oxide, containing CeO 2 99.5%; Manganese oxide, containing MnO 2 85.0%, a total of 500 grams, the calculation steps are as follows:
  • the molecular weight of Pb0.92Mg0.04Sr0.025Ba0.015(Zr0.46Ti0.54)O3 is 0.92 times the molecular weight of PbO, 0.04 times the molecular weight of MgO, 0.025 times the molecular weight of SrO, 0.015 times the molecular weight of BaO, The sum of 0.46 times the molecular weight of ZrO 2 and 0.54 times the molecular weight of TiO 2 , where:
  • the above calculation is the quantity of various "pure" materials, that is, the quantity of raw materials with a purity of 100%. But in fact, it is impossible to have 100% pure raw materials. Therefore, it is necessary to make corrections according to the actual purity of the raw materials.
  • the method of correction is to divide the quantities of various raw materials calculated above by the actual content of the raw materials.
  • the material can be weighed.
  • Step A12 selection and pretreatment of raw materials for piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102
  • the raw materials are the basis for the manufacture of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102. Therefore, the selection and processing of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 raw materials is a very important issue. Generally speaking, the following processes are required:
  • Washing with water is to remove some soluble impurities in the raw materials.
  • the raw materials are placed in distilled water, the water is changed once a day and stirred several times until the test paper is neutral, and then dried after washing;
  • Drying is to remove moisture to ensure the accuracy of weighing. Place the raw materials in an oven, heat to 100-200°C, and bake for 2 to 3 hours until the moisture has dried. For raw materials that are easier to absorb moisture and raw materials with a large amount, more attention should be paid to drying.
  • Step A13 mixing and crushing the raw materials of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102
  • the raw materials After the raw materials are pre-treated, they need to be evenly mixed to facilitate the full reaction between the raw materials during pre-burning. After pre-sintering, the blocks need to be crushed.
  • the purpose of crushing is to make the reacted raw materials reach a certain fineness, and create favorable conditions for forming and firing.
  • the ball mill In the production, the ball mill is mainly used. When the speed of the ball mill is appropriate, the crushing efficiency is the highest. The best speed is ⁇ 32/ ⁇ 1/2 (revolution/min), and ⁇ represents the inner diameter (m) of the ball mill tank.
  • the total amount of balls, materials, and water must also be appropriate. If it is too full, it will be difficult to move the ball; if it is too little, the efficiency of ball milling will decrease.
  • the filling factor is about 0.4 to 0.6.
  • the volume of the ball accounts for about 30-40% of the total volume of the ball, material and water.
  • Vibratory ball mill is also a commonly used crushing tool.
  • the vibration frequency of vibratory ball mill is 1500-3000 times/min
  • the packing coefficient of vibratory ball mill is 0.7-0.8
  • the ratio of steel ball to material is about (4-5):1.
  • the process of generating piezoelectric ceramics is a process of chemical reaction. This chemical reaction is not carried out in a molten state, but at a temperature lower than the melting point. It is completed by the diffusion between atoms or ions. of.
  • the temperature is usually kept at about 650°C for 1 to 2 hours, and at about 850°C for 2 hours.
  • Step A15 forming and discharging
  • piezoelectric ceramics There are three main methods for forming piezoelectric ceramics: film forming, dry pressing and hydrostatic pressing. Dry pressing is one of the most commonly used forming methods, especially for thicker piezoelectric vibrators 1 or cylinders. It is the best molding method.
  • first granulation i.e. feed added accounted for about 5% of the weight of the binder material in powder
  • uniformly stirring the mixed powder is pre-pressed to a good pressure of about 21 t / cm, and Then grind the pre-compressed block and pass through a 50-mesh coarse sieve. Use these coarse particles as dry pressing raw materials.
  • the effect of granulation is to make the binder more uniform and the density of the molded sample more uniform.
  • the particles themselves have been compressed, There is less air in the press material and it is easier to discharge, so it is conducive to forming and compacting.
  • the molding pressure has a great relationship with the density of the product after firing. If the molding pressure is too small, the density is also small; the molding pressure is too large, which has little effect on increasing the density. On the contrary, the product is prone to cracks and delamination.
  • the general molding pressure is 1.5 ⁇ 2 tons/cm 2 .
  • One-way pressure or two-way pressure can be used during molding. Relatively speaking, the unevenness of the sample density of the two-way pressure is relatively small. Because the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 is relatively thick, it is better to use the two-way pressure method. After firing, the upper and lower ends are ground to make the density more uniform.
  • Plastic ejection is the process of ejecting the adhesive.
  • the temperature rise rate should be slow, and the temperature should be lower than 100°C/hour before 500°C to ensure that the adhesive and moisture are slow Volatile, especially around 100°C, it is best to keep it for a period of time, because a large amount of water volatilizes at this time, which is easy to cause deformation or cracking.
  • the temperature rises to 500°C the adhesive has been eliminated, but in order to increase the strength of the sample after plastic ejection, it is necessary to increase the temperature to 850°C for 1 hour.
  • the sintering achievement is the phenomenon that the volume shrinkage, density increase and strength increase of the pre-fired powder block after being heated to a sufficiently high temperature.
  • the mechanism to realize the firing process is the diffusion movement of the atoms or ions that make up the substance.
  • the heating rate during sintering is generally about 300°C/h.
  • the heating speed of small samples can be faster, and the heating speed of large samples should be appropriately reduced.
  • the sintering temperature is between 1200 ⁇ 1300°C, and the holding time is 30-60 minutes. , The holding time of samples with larger sizes should be longer, while the holding time of samples with smaller sizes can be shorter. After heat preservation, power off and natural cooling.
  • the upper electrode is to provide a metal film on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 to form the upper electrode layer 101 and the lower electrode layer 103.
  • metal thin films such as silver, copper, gold, and nickel.
  • methods for disposing a metal thin film on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 such as silver infiltration layer, vacuum evaporation, electroless silver and electroless copper.
  • the burnt silver layer method is the most commonly used method, in which screen printing and silver spraying are relatively efficient.
  • the surface of the processed piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 often adheres to a layer of oil, and it must be carefully cleaned before applying the electrode.
  • the cleaning can be performed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, first with soapy water, then with clean water, and finally with alcohol, and then dried.
  • the drying temperature is about 130°C.
  • the silver burning is to reduce the silver oxide in the silver paste to silver, and make the silver penetrate into the piezoelectric at a higher temperature.
  • the surface of the ceramic sheet 102 forms a tight bond.
  • the silver burning temperature is 750°C, and the holding time at this temperature is generally 10-20 minutes.
  • the so-called polarization is to apply a strong direct current electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102, so that the electric domains in the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 are aligned along the direction of the electric field. Only the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 processed by the polarization process can display the piezoelectric effect. In order to obtain perfect polarization of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 and give full play to its piezoelectric performance, it is necessary to reasonably select the polarization conditions, that is, the polarization electric field, the polarization temperature and the polarization time.
  • the electric domains can be aligned along the direction of the electric field, so the polarizing electric field is the main factor of polarization.
  • the polarization electric field is closely related to the formula and thickness, and a polarization electric field of 1-10 kV/mm is usually selected.
  • the polarization time is long, the degree of electrical domain orientation is high, and the polarization effect is better.
  • the polarization time currently used ranges from a few minutes to 90 minutes.
  • the polarization time is related to the polarization electric field and the polarization temperature.
  • the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is usually glazed.
  • the glaze layer 104 is formed by screen printing.
  • the thickness of the glaze layer 104 is 10-20 ⁇ m, and then the thickness is 800- Sintering at 1000°C for 30-60min, and then cooling with furnace.
  • Step B1 make porous oil-conducting layer 2
  • the porous oil-conducting layer 2 in the present invention takes porous ceramics as an example.
  • porous ceramics As a new oil-conducting medium, porous ceramics have unique properties such as excellent uniform permeability, high temperature resistance, stability, corrosion resistance and large specific surface area. Become the new favorite of electronic cigarettes.
  • the techniques for preparing porous ceramics include: sol-gel process, foaming process, adding pore former, organic foam impregnation process, etc.
  • the invention relates to a porous ceramic with through-holes and regular pores. In many processes, the technology of adding pore formers is relatively mature.
  • the specific process of making porous oil-conducting layer 2 is as follows:
  • Alumina 1-15%
  • Silicon carbide 5-45%
  • Magnesium oxide 0.1 ⁇ 10%
  • Diatomite (can replace alumina): 1-20%;
  • Pore forming agent 10-40%
  • Binder 1% to 5%, such as starch, paraffin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.;
  • Plasticizer 1 to 5%, such as cohesive soil, wood knot soil, ball soil, etc.
  • diatomaceous earth In order to increase the adsorption capacity of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 for e-liquid, that is, to achieve immersion and wetting, we can use a little more diatomaceous earth instead of alumina.
  • the chemical composition of diatomaceous earth is mainly SiO 2 and contains a small amount of Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, etc. and organic matter, which themselves have a porous structure at the microscopic level, with a specific surface area of 40-70m 2 /g, so such structural characteristics are easier to absorb and conduct e-liquid.
  • Step B12 selection and pretreatment of raw materials for porous oil-conducting layer 2
  • the raw materials are the foundation of the porous oil-conducting layer 2. Therefore, the selection and treatment of the raw materials of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is a very important issue. Generally speaking, the following processes are required:
  • Washing with water is to remove some soluble impurities in the raw materials.
  • the raw materials are placed in distilled water, the water is changed once a day and stirred several times until the test paper is neutral, and then dried after washing;
  • Drying is to remove moisture to ensure the accuracy of weighing. Place the raw materials in an oven, heat to 100-200°C, and bake for 2 to 3 hours until the moisture has dried. For raw materials that are easier to absorb moisture and raw materials with a large amount, more attention should be paid to drying.
  • Step B13 mixing of porous oil-conducting layer 2 raw materials
  • the raw materials of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are weighed according to the proportion, and are put into a mixer to mix evenly for use.
  • the mixing is generally carried out with a rolling ball mill or a vibrating ball mill.
  • the rotating speed of the ball mill is appropriate, the crushing efficiency is the highest, the best rotating speed is ⁇ 32/ ⁇ 1/2 (revolution/min), and ⁇ represents the inner diameter (m) of the ball mill tank.
  • the total amount of balls, materials, and water must also be appropriate. If it is too full, it will be difficult to move the ball; if it is too little, the efficiency of ball milling will decrease.
  • the filling factor is about 0.4 to 0.6.
  • the volume of the ball accounts for about 30-40% of the total volume of the ball, material and water.
  • Vibratory ball mill is also a commonly used crushing tool.
  • the vibration frequency of vibratory ball mill is 1500-3000 times/min
  • the packing coefficient of vibratory ball mill is 0.7-0.8
  • the ratio of steel ball to material is about (4-5):1.
  • the above-mentioned mixed porous ceramic raw materials are put into a press forming machine, and a green body is formed by using a mold to press.
  • regular carbon fibers tubular organic polymer fibers, regular wood fibers, etc.
  • the green body can be formed by pressing.
  • the green body formed in step B14 is placed in a furnace and sintered according to the firing temperature curve.
  • the sintering temperature is 900 to 1350°C.
  • the microporous ceramics with through-holes and regular pores are formed, the porosity is 30%-75%, and the pore diameter is 30-250 ⁇ m.
  • step A11 to step A110 The piezoelectric vibrator 1 formed in step A1 (step A11 to step A110) and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 formed in step B1 (step B11 to step B15) are combined by the following process:
  • Step C11 sandblasting
  • the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1, namely the glaze layer 104 needs to be sandblasted, so that the surface of the glaze layer 104 is formed with 1-10 ⁇ m fine pores, and attention must be paid to sandblasting
  • the surface 105 is only the area where the upper surface layer of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is in close contact with the porous oil-conducting layer 2 instead of sandblasting the entire glaze layer 104.
  • the sandblasting surface 105 corresponds to the adhesion layer 3 and the porous oil conducting layer 2 on the adhesion layer 3.
  • W40 gold steel grit and corundum are used for sandblasting. Since the thickness of the glaze layer 104 is about 20 ⁇ m, which is relatively thin, the sandblasting time can be 0.5 to 1 hour. After the sandblasting is completed, ultrasonic treatment is performed for 2 hours to thoroughly clean the gold steel grit particles on the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1, and then placed in an oven at 150°C for 2 hours.
  • Step C12 setting the adhesion layer 3 on the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1
  • the adhesion layer 3 is formed by means of screen printing high temperature glue.
  • the high-temperature glue is screen printed.
  • the thickness of high temperature glue is controlled within 10-20 ⁇ m.
  • the key point of this process is the film image on the screen. Since the primary function of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is to guide the oil, in order to avoid the high temperature glue blocking the through holes of the porous oil-conducting layer 2, the smoke oil cannot contact the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1. , Which further affects the atomization effect of the e-liquid, so the film image should be consistent with the porous structure of the porous oil-conducting layer 2, as shown in Figure 5, the film image is the porous structure of the porous oil-conducting layer 2.
  • the high temperature glue can only flow down through the hole wall on the film image.
  • the high temperature glue will not be printed on the hole on the film image. Therefore, only the hole wall between the hole and the hole can have high temperature glue.
  • the hole is There is no high temperature glue. In this way, the opening of the hole can be ensured, and the flow of smoke oil will not be hindered.
  • the oil-conducting process of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is as follows: the porous oil-conducting layer 2 first absorbs the e-liquid, that is, it absorbs the e-liquid by itself, and the process of full e-liquid is the soaking process. After being soaked, the porous oil-conducting layer 2 can guide the continuously adsorbed e-liquid to the piezoelectric vibrator 1. When the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is soaked, it is completely realized by the lipophilicity and three-dimensional pores of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 itself. At the same time, the lipophilic material and the three-dimensional holes also determine the speed of soaking. The faster the soaking speed, the faster the porous oil-conducting layer 2 can conduct e-liquid.
  • the high-temperature glue is only silk-printed on the wall of the hole, and the thickness is controlled within 15 ⁇ m, so it does not hinder the conduction of e-liquid between the holes and the longitudinal holes.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is pressed onto the piezoelectric vibrator 1 using a hydraulic press and a mold.
  • the most important thing in the pressing process is to pay attention to the positioning, that is, the piezoelectric vibrator 1, the adhesion layer 3 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 should be concentric and cannot be displaced.
  • the through holes on the adhesion layer 3 are opposite to the through holes on the porous oil-conducting layer 2 one by one.
  • Pressure force is relatively critical, experiments show that the pressure is too large, prone to cracks and slivers, pressing force is too small, easy to disconnect stratified operation, it is generally lamination strength is 5 ⁇ 50KG / cm 2, a pressure holding time It is 10 ⁇ 30min.
  • one-way pressure can be used, or two-way pressure can be used.
  • the pressing force is applied to the porous oil-conducting layer 2 or the piezoelectric vibrator 1; for samples with bidirectional pressure, the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are simultaneously pressurized.
  • the two-way pressure method so that the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 can be more evenly stressed, avoiding cracks and cracks in the device during the pressing, and the high-temperature adhesive is also flowing during the pressing.
  • the adhesion layer 3 can be made more uniform and the adhesion strength can be greater.
  • the pressed one piece is dried in an oven at a temperature of 60 ⁇ 150°C and a time of 60 ⁇ 120min.
  • the temperature curve setting is shown in Figure 9. It takes 60 minutes for the room temperature to rise to 60°C, keep it at 60°C for 30 minutes, and then cool down with the furnace. The temperature during the whole drying process should be as gentle as possible to prevent the temperature from rising sharply and affecting the pressing effect.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are integrated. When assembling, install it directly, without installing the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and installing the oil guide.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are fixed together by the isostatic pressing method.
  • the manufacturing process of the ultrasonic atomization sheet in the second embodiment is as follows:
  • step A1 the molded piezoelectric vibrator 1 is manufactured according to step A11 to step A110 in the first embodiment.
  • the upper surface layer of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 namely the glaze layer 104
  • the sand surface 105 is only the area where the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are in close contact, instead of sandblasting the entire glaze layer 104, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • W40 gold steel grit and corundum are used for sandblasting. Since the thickness of the glaze layer 104 is about 20 ⁇ m, which is relatively thin, the sandblasting time can be 0.5 to 1 hour. After sandblasting, use ultrasonic for 2 hours to thoroughly clean the gold steel grit particles on the surface, and then dry it in an oven at 150°C for 2 hours.
  • Step B2 making a porous oil-conducting layer 2 green body: according to step B11 to step B14 in the first embodiment, a porous ceramic green body (unfired) is made.
  • step C2 the porous oil-conducting layer 2 blank is composited to the upper surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 through a hot pressing lamination or isostatic lamination process.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is a green body that has not been fired, it has a soft texture and a high water content, so it can be laminated more firmly after being laminated by hot pressing.
  • the thickness of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is 0.2-0.4mm, and the diameter is 4-12mm (select the matching according to the diameter of the piezoelectric vibrator 1). Therefore, the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is a structural member with a large diameter-to-thickness ratio, which is good for hot pressing when the intensity of the selected stack is not easily deformed; reservoir 2 is turned since the porous body, and therefore suitable for smaller intensity, the intensity should choose 1 ⁇ 5KG / cm 2.
  • the hot pressing lamination temperature is 100 ⁇ 150°C, and the lamination holding time It is 10 ⁇ 30min.
  • the porous oil-conducting layer 2 body is a green body and has not been fired, it has a soft texture and high water content, so it is most likely to deform during compounding. If the force on each surface of the green body is uniform during compounding, the amount of deformation can be minimal . At this time, isostatic lamination is the most suitable process choice.
  • Isostatic pressing uses the principle of equal pressure in all directions to make the sample evenly compressed.
  • the size of the pressure regulator generally about 1 ⁇ 5KG / cm 2, so that uniform and dense compacted sample, completely without a binder.
  • Step D2 after the lamination by hot pressing or isostatic pressing, the integrated piece formed by the composite is fired.
  • the firing process is the same as step B15.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are fixed together by an integral molding method.
  • the manufacturing process of the ultrasonic atomization sheet in the third embodiment is as follows:
  • Step A3 selecting a recipe for making the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102, weighing the raw materials for making the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 according to the recipe; performing pretreatment, mixing and pre-sintering processes on the raw materials of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 in sequence.
  • This step is the same as A11 to A14 in the first embodiment.
  • Step B3 selecting raw materials for making the porous oil-conducting layer 2; pre-processing and mixing the raw materials of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 in sequence. This step is the same as B11 to B13 in the first embodiment.
  • Step C3 isostatic pressing and plastic ejection
  • the pre-fired piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 raw material is placed in a mold and subjected to isostatic pressing with a force of 1 to 1.5 tons/cm 2 to form a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 green body.
  • the strength of isostatic pressing is great, and the formed body will be very dense.
  • the mixed raw material of the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is placed on the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 body, and then subjected to isostatic pressing and molding to obtain the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 body with the porous oil-conducting layer 2.
  • the plastic ejection process is the step A15 in the first embodiment.
  • Step D3 sintering the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 green body with the porous oil-conducting layer 2.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 green body provided with the porous oil-conducting layer 2 is fired. Since the porous oil-conducting layer 2 and the piezoelectric vibrator 1 are sintered at close temperatures, they can be sintered together.
  • the firing result is the phenomenon that the volume shrinkage, the density increase, and the strength increase of the pre-fired powder block after being heated to a sufficiently high temperature.
  • the mechanism to realize the firing process is the diffusion movement of the atoms or ions that make up the substance.
  • the heating rate is generally about 300°C/h.
  • the heating speed of samples with small dimensions can be faster, and the heating speed of samples with large dimensions should be appropriately reduced.
  • the firing temperature is between 1200 and 1300°C, and the holding time is 30-60. Minutes, the holding time for larger samples should be longer, and the holding time for smaller samples should be shorter. After heat preservation, the power is cut off and the furnace is cooled.
  • the upper electrode is to set a layer of metal film on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric vibrator 1.
  • the burnt silver layer method is the most commonly used method, in which screen printing and silver spraying are relatively efficient.
  • the surface of the processed piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 often adheres to a layer of oil, and it must be carefully cleaned before applying the electrode. The cleaning can be performed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, first with soapy water, then with clean water, and finally with alcohol, and then dried.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 after the silver spraying is placed in an oven for drying.
  • the drying temperature is about 130°C.
  • the silver burning is to reduce the silver oxide in the silver paste to silver and make the silver penetrate into the porcelain at a higher temperature.
  • the silver burning temperature is 750°C, and the holding time at the highest temperature is generally 10-20 minutes.
  • the areas of the upper electrode layer 101 and the glaze layer 104 are different from those in the first embodiment because the porous oil-conducting layer 2 has been isostatically pressed with the piezoelectric vibrator 1. They are combined together, so the surface of the upper electrode layer 101 and the glaze layer 104 is the surface area except the porous oil-conducting layer 2.
  • Step F3 polarize the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102.
  • the so-called polarization is to add a strong direct current electric field to the piezoelectric vibrator 1, so that the electric domains are aligned along the direction of the electric field. Only ceramics processed by the polarization process can show the piezoelectric effect. In order to obtain perfect polarization of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 102 and give full play to its piezoelectric performance, it is necessary to reasonably select the polarization conditions, that is, the polarization electric field, the polarization temperature and the polarization time.
  • the polarization process is as described in step A18 in the first embodiment.
  • step G3 a glaze layer 104 is provided on the upper surface of the upper electrode layer 101.
  • the surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is usually glazed.
  • the glaze layer 104 is formed by screen printing.
  • the thickness of the glaze layer 104 is 10-20 ⁇ m, and then the thickness is 800- Sintering at 1000°C for 30-60min, and then cooling with furnace.
  • step H3 after the above process flow, the performance of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is tested, and specific values of certain parameters of the material are given.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 with through-holes and regular holes formed by this process in the third embodiment has a shortened process flow.
  • the biggest advantage is that the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 are combined by isostatic pressure in the powder Together, and the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the porous oil-conducting layer 2 will have composite layers embedded and fused with each other, so as to ensure the greatest composite strength.

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Abstract

一种超声波雾化片及其制作工艺、超声波电子烟，其中超声波雾化片包括压电振子（1），压电振子（1）的上表面固设有多孔导油层（2）；多孔导油层（2）上的通孔排布规则；多孔导油层（2）通过粘连层固设于压电振子（1）上表面，或者，多孔导油层（2）与压电振子（1）一体成型；压电振子（1）包括由上而下依次设置的上电极层（101）、压电陶瓷片（102）、下电极层（103）；上电极层（101）上表面还设有釉层（104）。将多孔导油层（2）和压电振子（1）设计为一体式结构，表层的多孔导油层（2）能够储油和导油，底层的压电振子（1）能够产生高频振动；提供集多孔导油层（2）和压电振子（1）两种功能效果为一体的一体件，其可以避免单独装配多孔导油层（2），从而避免装配时的不一致性，保证雾化效果和抽吸体验，操作简单方便，省时省力。

Description

一种超声波雾化片及其制作工艺、超声波电子烟 技术领域
本发明特别涉及一种超声波雾化片及其制作工艺、超声波电子烟。
背景技术
压电振子是一种基本压电元件，广泛应用于各种超声波设备和仪器中，是超声波流量计、超声波滤波器、水声换能器、超声刀、超声波焊接、超声波探伤仪等仪器的核心功能件。超声波压电振子是雾化设备的核心，它的基本结构是由一个压电陶瓷体和两个金属电极面组成，在工作过程中，当在金属电极上施加周期性动态电压信号时，压电陶瓷体会产生周期性的高频机械振动，从而产生超声波，雾化液体产生气雾。
超声波电子烟正是应用上述原理而设计的一款电子烟。超声波电子烟中的超声波压电振子的基本结构也是由一个压电陶瓷体和印刷在压电陶瓷体两侧面的金属电极层组成。超声波电子烟的雾化器结构不同于普通的加湿器、香薰机，由于电子烟液的雾化温度高(由丙二醇、丙三醇、烟碱和各种香精香料调和而成)，它在雾化时需要通过导油介质把烟油导至超声波压电振子表面，通过高频的周期振动把导至压电振子表面的烟油雾化，雾化出的气溶胶通过气道出来进入人体口腔。
导油介质可以是脱脂棉、多孔陶瓷、芳纶布、无纺布、PPS等具有多孔、耐温、亲油的材质，它可以快速地吸附烟油并把烟油导至超声波压电振子上。在抽吸时，只有导油的速度约等于雾化速度，才能有较好的抽吸体验，否则容易吸到油或有焦味糊味。
超声波电子烟目前选用的是纤维型导油介质，它是通过一个弹簧和硅胶套固定在雾化仓中，由于超声波电子烟没有自动化设备装配，全程大部分工位是人工装配完成，绝大多数结构件可以靠结构件的台阶、卡槽等定位限位，但对于装配导油介质而言，工人的操作水平则会对雾化器导油的顺畅性产生一定的影响。导油介质装配后的松紧度、位置是否偏移都会影响导油速度，从而影响雾化效果和抽吸体验。同时由于没有自动化的组装，装配导油介质耗时耗力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种超声波雾化片及其制作工艺、超声波电子烟，将多孔导油层和压电振子设计 为一体式结构，避免单独装配多孔导油层，从而避免装配时的不一致性，保证雾化效果和抽吸体验，操作简单方便，省时省力。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种超声波雾化片，包括压电振子，其结构特点是压电振子的上表面固设有多孔导油层。
借由上述结构，将多孔导油层和压电振子设计为一体式结构，避免单独装配多孔导油层，从而避免装配时的不一致性，保证雾化效果和抽吸体验，操作简单方便，省时省力。
作为一种优选方式，多孔导油层上的通孔排布规则。
通孔排布规则，则导油更加均匀，雾化效果更好。
作为一种优选方式，多孔导油层通过粘连层固设于压电振子上表面。
作为另一种优选方式，多孔导油层与压电振子一体成型。
多孔导油层既可以通过粘连层固设于压电振子上表面，又可以直接与压电振子一体成型。经一体成型工艺形成的超声波雾化片工艺流程更短。
作为一种优选方式，所述压电振子包括由上而下依次设置的上电极层、压电陶瓷片、下电极层。
进一步地，所述上电极层上表面还设有釉层，从而保证压电振子表面具有良好的光洁度。
进一步地，釉层上表面设有喷砂面，保证压电振子与多孔导油层之间具有良好的附着强度。
基于同一个发明构思，本发明还提供了一种超声波雾化片制作工艺，包括：
步骤A1，制作压电振子；
其特点是还包括：
步骤B1，制作多孔导油层；
步骤C1，在压电振子上表面设置粘连层；
步骤D1，对位多孔导油层和压电振子上的粘连层，将多孔导油层压合在压电振子上；其中，粘连层上的通孔与多孔导油层上的通孔一一相对；
步骤E1，将压合形成的一体件烘干后冷却。
其中，步骤A1、步骤B1执行顺序不分先后。
进一步地，所述步骤C1中，在设置粘连层之前，还包括对压电 振子上表面与粘连层相对应的位置进行喷砂处理。
作为一种优选方式，所述步骤C1中，利用丝网印刷高温胶的方式形成粘连层，其中，丝网上的菲林图像与多孔导油层的多孔结构一致。
基于同一个发明构思，本发明还提供了一种超声波雾化片制作工艺，包括：
步骤A1，制作压电振子；
其特点是还包括：
步骤B2，制作多孔导油层坯体；
步骤C2，将多孔导油层坯体通过热压叠层或等静压叠层工艺复合至压电振子上表面；
步骤D2，将复合形成的一体件烧结。
其中，步骤A1、步骤B2执行顺序不分先后。
进一步地，所述步骤A1中，还包括对压电振子上表面与多孔导油层相对应的位置进行喷砂处理。
基于同一个发明构思，本发明还提供了一种超声波雾化片制作工艺，包括：
步骤A3，选定制作压电陶瓷片的配方，根据该配方称取制作压电陶瓷片的原料；对压电陶瓷片的原料依次执行预处理、混合和预烧工序；
其特点是还包括：
步骤B3，选取制作多孔导油层的原料；对多孔导油层的原料依次执行预处理和混合工序；
步骤C3，将经过预烧的压电陶瓷片原料置于模具中成型，形成压电陶瓷片坯体；再将经过混合的多孔导油层原料置于压电陶瓷片坯体上表面并成型，得到具有多孔导油层的压电陶瓷片坯体；
步骤D3，将具有多孔导油层的压电陶瓷片坯体烧结；
步骤E3，在压电陶瓷片上表面上除多孔导油层以外的位置设置上电极层，在压电陶瓷片下表面设置下电极层；
步骤F3，极化压电陶瓷片。
其中，步骤A3、步骤B3执行顺序不分先后。
进一步地，在步骤F3之后还包括：
步骤G3，在上电极层上表面设置釉层。
基于同一个发明构思，本发明还提供了一种超声波电子烟，包括 油仓，其特点是还包括所述超声波雾化片，油仓通过多孔导油层与压电振子上表面连通。
与现有技术相比，本发明将将多孔导油层和压电振子设计为一体式结构，表层的多孔导油层能够储油和导油，底层的压电振子能够产生高频振动。本发明提供集多孔导油层和压电振子两种功能效果为一体的一体件，利用本发明，可以避免单独装配多孔导油层，从而避免装配时的不一致性，保证雾化效果和抽吸体验，操作简单方便，省时省力。
附图说明
图1为本发明超声波雾化片一实施例正视图。
图2为图1的放大图。
图3为图1的立体图。
图4为图3的爆炸图。
图5为多孔导油层横截面结构示意图。
图6为喷砂面与压电振子之间的位置关系图。
图7为高温胶水均布图。
图8为压合示意图。
图9为烘干工艺温度曲线图。
图10为上电极层和釉层与压电陶瓷片之间的位置关系图。
其中，1为压电振子，101为上电极层，102为压电陶瓷片，103为下电极层，104为釉层，105为喷砂面，2为多孔导油层，3为粘连层。
具体实施方式
如图1至图4所示，超声波雾化片的实施例一包括压电振子1，压电振子1的上表面固设有多孔导油层2。其中多孔导油层2通过粘连层3固设于压电振子1上表面。
所述压电振子1包括由上而下依次设置的釉层104、上电极层101、压电陶瓷片102、下电极层103。通过驱动控制电路产生与压电振子1谐振频率一致的驱动电压并施加在压电振子1上，压电振子1便会产生高频谐振，从而将液态烟油打散雾化，产生烟雾。
图5中示出多孔导油层2横截面的多种结构，多孔导油层2上的通孔排布规则，其用于储油和导油。
另外，多孔导油层2的材质必须是亲油性基质，这样多孔导油层2才能对烟油有良好的吸附性，才能实现快速吸油和导油。通常，我 们以润湿角来定义多孔导油层2对烟油的润湿能力。润湿是固液界面上的重要行为，润湿角与材料性质有密切关系。根据润湿程度不同可分为附着润湿、铺展润湿和浸渍润湿3种。用在超声波电子烟上的多孔导油层2导油介质，需要达到浸渍润湿的程度，同时浸渍润湿的时间越短越好，即多孔导油层2能在较短的时间内完成自身吸附烟油，导烟油的过程。
釉层104上表面设有喷砂面105，保证压电振子1与多孔导油层2之间具有良好的附着强度。
在超声波雾化片的实施例二中，多孔导油层2与压电振子1一体成型。实施例二与实施例一的形成工艺不同，实施例二结构与实施例一相比，没有粘连层3。在附图中未示出实施例二的结构，但并不影响本领域的技术人员对本发明的理解和实现。
本发明还提供了一种超声波电子烟，包括油仓，还包括所述的超声波雾化片，油仓通过多孔导油层2与压电振子1上表面连通。
下面给出超声波雾化片的几种制作工艺。
在第一种方式中，采用压合方式将压电振子1和多孔导油层2固设在一起。实施方式一中的超声波雾化片制作工艺如下：
步骤A1，制作压电振子1
步骤A11，配料
配方的计算：选定制作压电陶瓷片102的配方后，需要根据该配方称取各种制作压电陶瓷片102的原料，这就要进行必要的计算；超声波压电陶瓷片102常用如下配方：Pb(ZrTi)O 3、PbLa(ZrTi)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(MgNb)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(ZnNb)、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(CoNb)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(MnNb)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(SbNb)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(MnSb)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(MnW)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(CdW)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(NiNb)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(SnNi)O 3、PbTiO 3-PbZrO 3-Pb(FeSn)O 3，以及无铅压电配方，如BaTiO 3、(SrBa) 5Nb 10O 30、(LiNa)NbO 3、Bi 4SrTi 4O 15、Ba 4Na 2Nb 10O 30等，常常需要根据具体的应用场景和经验来确定配方。
下面以压电陶瓷片102的常用配方为例说明配方的计算方法：
选用的配方为：Pb0.92Mg0.04Sr0.025Ba0.015(Zr0.46Ti0.54)O3+0.5(重量)％CeO 2+0.2(重量)％MnO 2+0.7(重量)％Pb 3O 4
采用的原料为：红色氧化铅，含Pb 3O 4 98.0％；氧化镁，含MgO  98.0％；碳酸锶，含SrCO 3 97.0％；碳酸钡，含BaCO 3 98.0％；氧化锆，含ZrO 2 99.5％；氧化钛，含TiO 2 99.0％；氧化铈，含CeO 2 99.5％；氧化锰，含MnO 2 85.0％，一共配料500克，计算步骤如下：
(1)计算Pb0.92Mg0.04Sr0.025Ba0.015(Zr0.46Ti0.54)O3的分子量
分子式Pb0.92Mg0.04Sr0.025Ba0.015(Zr0.46Ti0.54)O3可以改写为(PbO)0.92˙(MgO)0.04(SrO)0.025(BaO)0.015(ZrO2)0.46(TiO2)0.54。由此可以看出，Pb0.92Mg0.04Sr0.025Ba0.015(Zr0.46Ti0.54)O3的分子量为0.92倍PbO的分子量、0.04倍MgO的分子量、0.025倍SrO的分子量、0.015倍BaO的分子量、0.46倍ZrO 2的分子量和0.54倍TiO 2的分子量之和，其中：
0.92倍PbO的分子量＝0.92×223.19＝205.33
0.04倍MgO的分子量＝0.04×40.31＝1.612
0.025倍SrO的分子量＝0.025×103.62＝2.5905
0.015倍BaO的分子量＝0.015×153.34＝2.3001
0.46倍ZrO 2的分子量＝0.46×123.22＝56.681
0.54倍TiO 2的分子量＝0.54×79.90＝43.15
因而，Pb0.92Mg0.04Sr0.025Ba0.015(Zr0.46Ti0.54)O3的分子量＝205.33+1.612+2.5905+2.3001+56.681+43.15＝311.66
(2)计算各原料所占的重量百分比
PbO所占的重量百分比为205.33/311.66＝65.883％
MgO所占的重量百分比为1.612/311.66＝0.5172％
SrO所占的重量百分比为2.5905/311.66＝0.83119％
BaO所占的重量百分比为2.3001/311.66＝0.73802％
ZrO 2所占的重量百分比为56.681/311.66＝18.187％
TiO 2所占的重量百分比为43.15/311.66＝13.85％
实际用的不是PbO，而是Pb 3O 4，因此要把PbO的数量折算成Pb 3O 4的数量。根据Pb的摩尔量相同原则，应取Pb 3O 4的重量百分比为：65.883％×(207.2/223.3)×(685.6/621.6)＝67.457％。
将SrO的数量折算成SrCO 3的数量，根据Sr的摩尔量相同原则，应取SrCO 3重量百分比为：0.8312％×(87.62/103.62)×(147.63/87.62)＝1.1842％。
将BaO的数量折算成BaCO 3的数量，根据Ba的摩尔量相同原则，应取BaCO 3的重量百分比为： 0.7380％×(137.34/153.34)×(197.35/137.34)＝0.94983％。
(3)按原料纯度进行修正计算
以上算得的是各种“纯”料的数量，即纯度为100％的原料的数量。但事实上不可能有100％纯度的原料，因此，还要按原料实际纯度进行修正，修正的方法是，将上面算得的各种原料的数量分别除以该原料的实际含量。
红色氧化铅Pb 3O 4的纯度为98.0％，所以它的重量百分比为(67.457％+0.7％)/98.0％＝69.55％，式中，0.7％是为了弥补烧结过程中PbO的挥发而附加的Pb 3O 4。
同理，氧化镁的纯度为98.0％，所以它的重量百分比为0.5172％/98.0％＝0.5278％。
碳酸锶的重量百分比为1.1842/97.0％＝1.221％
碳酸钡的重量百分比为0.94983％/98.0％＝0.9692％
氧化锆的重量百分比为18.187/99.5％＝18.28％
氧化钛的重量百分比为13.85％/99.0％＝13.99％
氧化铈的重量百分比为0.5％/99.5％＝0.5025％
氧化锰的重量百分比为0.2％/85.0％＝0.2353％
(4)计算每种原料所需的重量
将上面算得的各种原料的重量百分数乘以500克，即得制作压电陶瓷片102的每种原料所需的重量：
m(Pb 3O 4)＝500克×69.55％＝347.75克
m(MgO)＝500克×0.5278％＝2.693克
m(SrO)＝500克×1.221％＝6.105克
m(BaO)＝500克×0.9692％＝4.846克
m(ZrO 2)＝500克×18.28％＝91.40克
m(TiO 2)＝500克×13.99％＝69.95克
m(CeO 2)＝500克×0.5025％＝2.513克
m(MnO 2)＝500克×0.2353％＝1.177克
根据计算结果，即可进行称料。
步骤A12，压电陶瓷片102原料的选择和预处理
原料是制造压电陶瓷片102的基础，因此，压电陶瓷片102原料的选择和处理是一个很重要的问题，一般来说，需要经过以下几个工艺：
(1)水洗：水洗是为了去掉原料中一些可溶性杂质，是将原料 放于蒸馏水中，每天换水一次并搅拌数次，直到用试纸检查呈中性为止，洗后烘干；
(2)煅烧：通过煅烧，可使一些挥发性杂质挥发掉，可在1000℃下保温1小时；
(3)粉碎：为了保证原料颗粒细小，同时为了使生成压电陶瓷片102的化学反应顺利进行，要求原料颗粒较细，一般不要超过2μm，通常需要对原料进行研磨，球磨机研磨2～5小时即可；
(4)烘干：烘干是为了排除水分，以保证称料的准确性。将原料放置于烘箱中，加热至100～200℃，烘烤2～3小时，直到水分已经烘干为止。对于比较容易吸潮的原料和用量较大的原料更要注意烘干。
步骤A13，压电陶瓷片102原料的混合和粉碎
原料预处理后，需混合均匀，以利于预烧时各原料间充分进行反应。预烧后，还需将料块粉碎，粉碎的目的主要是使经过反应原料达到一定的细度，为成型和烧成创造有利条件。在生产中，主要还是采用球磨机球磨，球磨机的转速适当时，粉碎效率最高，最佳转速≈32/Ф 1/2(转/分)，Ф代表球磨罐的内径(米)。
球、料、水的总量也需适当。装得太满，球的运动困难；装得太少，球磨效率降低。我们把球、料、水的总体积占磨罐体积的百分数叫做装填系数，实验表明，较合适的装填系数约为0.4～0.6。
球的数量太少，撞击和研磨的次数都少，效率低。但也不能太多，太多了要影响球与球之间的撞击，不能充分发挥击碎作用，一般来说，球的体积约占球、料、水总体积的30～40％。
水太少，使浆料太稠，则球受到的粘结力太大，而且料的流动性不好，造成球磨作用下降，水太多，使浆料太稀，则球与球直接撞击的机会多，料被击碎的机会少，而且球的磨损太大，混入料中的铁杂质也增多，另外，水太多还有一个缺点，即出罐后烘干较慢，料粉易出现分层，造成化学成分不均匀。一般取球：料：水的重量比为2：1：0.6。
振动球磨也是一种常用的粉碎工具，振动球磨机的振动频率为1500～3000次/分，振动球磨的装填系数为0.7～0.8，钢球与料之比约为(4～5):1。
步骤A14，预烧
生成压电陶瓷的过程是化学反应进行的过程，这种化学反应不是 在熔融状态下进行的，而是在比熔点更低的温度下进行的，是通过各原子或离子之间的扩散来完成的。
预烧前，先将混合好的原料，以0.8～1吨/厘米 2左右的压强干压成块。对于锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷，通常选择在650℃左右保温1～2小时，到850℃左右保温2小时。
步骤A15，成型与排塑
压电陶瓷成型方法主要有三种：轧膜成型、干压成型和静水压成型，干压成型是最为常用的成型方法之一，特别是对于较厚的压电振子1或圆柱体，干压是最优成型方式。
干压成型前，先造粒，即在料粉中加入占料重5％左右的粘合剂，搅拌均匀，将上述混合好的粉料以1吨/厘米 2左右的压强进行预压，然后再研碎预压块并过50目粗筛，将这些粗的颗粒作为干压原料，造粒的作用是使粘合剂更加均匀，成型样品的密度更加均匀，同时由于颗粒本身已经压紧，压料中空气较少，并较易排出，因此有利于成型和致密。
造粒后，利用油压机和模具成型。成型压强对烧成后产品的密度有很大关系，成型压强太小，密度也小；成型压强太大，对提高密度作用不大，反而产品还容易出现裂缝和分层，一般成型压强为1.5～2吨/厘米 2。
成型时可以用单向加压，也可以用双向加压，相对而言，双向加压的样品密度不均匀性比较小，由于压电陶瓷片102比较厚，最好采用双向加压法，并在烧成后再将上下两端磨去，则密度更均匀。
排塑是将粘合剂排出的过程。排塑时，是将样品放在有槽的底板上，样品之间撒以少量的氧化锆粉，升温速度要慢，500℃以前应低于100℃/小时，以保证粘合剂和水分缓慢挥发，特别在100℃左右，最好保温一段时间，因为此时水分大量挥发，极易造成变形或开裂。温度升到500℃，粘合剂已排除完毕，但为了提高排塑后样品的强度，需再升温到850℃保温1小时。
步骤A16，烧成
烧成就是将经预烧成型的粉末块在加热到足够高的温度以后发生体积收缩、密度提高和强度增加的现象。实现烧成过程的机制则是组成该物质的原子或离子的扩散运动。
烧成时升温速度一般为300℃/h左右，尺寸小的样品升温速度可以快些，尺寸大的样品升温速度要适当降低，烧成温度在1200～1300℃ 间，保温时间为30～60分钟，尺寸大的样品保温时间应长一些，尺寸小的样品保温时间可短一些。保温以后，停电，自然冷却。
步骤A17，上电极
上电极就是在压电陶瓷片102表面设置一层金属薄膜，形成上电极层101和下电极层103。可作金属薄膜的材料很多，如银、铜、金、镍等。在压电陶瓷片102表面设置金属薄膜的方法也有多种，如烧渗银层、真空蒸镀、化学沉银和化学沉铜等。
烧渗银层法是最常用的方法，其中丝网印刷和喷银相对效率较高。经过加工的压电陶瓷片102表面往往附着一层油污，上电极之前一定要仔细清洗，清洗可以在超声波清洗机中进行，先用肥皂水，再用清水，最后用酒精，洗后烘干。
将喷银后的压电陶瓷片102放到烘箱中烘干，烘干温度在130℃左右，烧银是使银浆中的氧化银还原成银，并使银在较高温度时渗入压电陶瓷片102表面，形成紧密的结合。烧银温度为750℃，在此温度保温时间一般为10～20分钟。
步骤A18，极化
所谓极化，就是在压电陶瓷片102上加一个强直流电场，使压电陶瓷片102中的电畴沿电场方向取向排列。只有经过极化工序处理的压电陶瓷片102，才能显示压电效应。要使压电陶瓷片102得到完善的极化，充分发挥其压电性能，就必须合理地选择极化条件，即极化电场、极化温度和极化时间。
(1)极化电场
只有在极化电场作用下，电畴才能沿电场方向取向排列，所以极化电场是极化的主要因素。极化电场越高，促使电畴取向排列的使用越大，极化就越完善。极化电场与配方、厚度息息相关，通常选取1～10千伏/毫米的极化电场。
(2)极化温度
在极化电场和极化时间一定的条件下，极化温度高时，电畴取向排列较易，极化效果较好。选择极化温度时，都是以温度高一些为好，因为提高极化温度可以缩短极化时间，提高生产效率。一般锆钛酸铅都选在100～150℃的温度下极化。
(3)极化时间
极化时间长，电畴取向排列的程度高，极化效果较好。目前采用的极化时间从几分钟到90分钟。
对于不同的材料，适宜的极化时间可以相差很大。极化时间与极化电场、极化温度有关。
步骤A19，上釉
为使烧成的压电振子1表面有良好的光洁度，通常会在压电振子1表面上釉，釉层104是通过丝网印刷而成，釉层104厚度为10～20μm，然后在800～1000℃下烧结30～60min，随炉冷却。
步骤A110，测试
经过上述8个工艺流程，一批完整的具有压电特性的压电振子1就生产出来了。对压电振子1的性能进行测试，给出材料的某些参数的具体数值。
步骤B1，制作多孔导油层2
本发明中的多孔导油层2材质以多孔陶瓷为例，多孔陶瓷作为一种新的导油介质，具有优良的均匀透过性、耐高温、稳定、抗腐蚀和比表面积大等独特性能，日益成为电子烟的新宠。制备多孔陶瓷的技术有：溶胶-凝胶工艺、发泡工艺、添加造孔剂、有机泡沫浸渍工艺等。本发明涉及到的是一种具有通孔、规则孔的多孔陶瓷，在诸多工艺中，添加造孔剂的技术是相对成熟的。制作多孔导油层2的具体工艺如下：
步骤B11，配料
氧化铝：1～15％；
二氧化硅：0.5～10％；
碳化硅：5～45％；
氧化镁：0.1～10％；
硅藻土(可替代氧化铝)：1～20％；
造孔剂：10～40％；
粘结剂：1％～5％，如淀粉、石蜡、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇等；
增塑剂：1～5％，如粘性土、木节土、球土等。
为了增加多孔导油层2对烟油的吸附能力，即达到浸渍润湿，我们可以用多一点的硅藻土代替氧化铝，硅藻土的化学成分主要是SiO 2，含有少量的Al 2O 3、Fe 2O 3、CaO、MgO等和有机质，其本身在微观下是多孔结构，比表面积在40～70m 2/g，因而这样的结构特性更易于吸附、传导烟油。
步骤B12，多孔导油层2原料的选择和预处理
原料是多孔导油层2的基础，因此，多孔导油层2原料的选择和 处理是一个很重要的问题，一般来说，需要经过以下几个工艺：
(1)水洗：水洗是为了去掉原料中一些可溶性杂质，是将原料放于蒸馏水中，每天换水一次并搅拌数次，直到用试纸检查呈中性为止，洗后烘干；
(2)煅烧：通过煅烧，可使一些挥发性杂质挥发掉，可在1000℃保温1小时；
(3)粉碎：为了保证原料颗粒细小，同时为了使生成多孔导油层2的化学反应顺利进行，要求原料颗粒较细，一般不要超过2μm，通常需要对原料进行研磨，球磨机研磨2～5小时即可；
(4)烘干：烘干是为了排除水分，以保证称料的准确性。将原料放置于烘箱中，加热至100～200℃，烘烤2～3小时，直到水分已经烘干为止。对于比较容易吸潮的原料和用量较大的原料更要注意烘干。
步骤B13，多孔导油层2原料的混合
将上述多孔导油层2的原料按配比称量好，放入混料机中混合均匀，备用。
混料一般是用滚动球磨机或振动球磨机进行的。球磨机的转速适当时，粉碎效率最高，最佳转速≈32/Ф 1/2(转/分)，Ф代表球磨罐的内径(米)。
球、料、水的总量也需适当。装得太满，球的运动困难；装得太少，球磨效率降低。我们把球、料、水的总体积占磨罐体积的百分数叫做装填系数，实验表明，较合适的装填系数约为0.4～0.6。
球的数量太少，撞击和研磨的次数都少，效率低。但也不能太多，太多了要影响球与球之间的撞击，不能充分发挥击碎作用，一般来说，球的体积约占球、料、水总体积的30～40％。
水太少，使浆料太稠，则球受到的粘结力太大，而且料的流动性不好，造成球磨作用下降，水太多，使浆料太稀，则球与球直接撞击的机会多，料被击碎的机会少，而且球的磨损太大，混入料中的铁杂质也增多，另外，水太多还有一个缺点，即出罐后烘干较慢，料粉易出现分层，造成化学成分不均匀。一般取球：料：水的重量比为2：1：0.6。
振动球磨也是一种常用的粉碎工具，振动球磨机的振动频率为1500～3000次/分，振动球磨的装填系数为0.7～0.8，钢球与料之比约为(4～5):1。
步骤B14，成型
将上述混合的多孔陶瓷原料放入压制成型机中，采用模具压制成坯体。
若要制成具有通孔或规则孔的微孔陶瓷，可以选用规则的碳纤维、管状有机高分子纤维、规则的木头纤维等为造孔剂，通过压制成型形成坯体。
压力条件为390KG/厘米 2，10分钟。
步骤B15，烧成
将步骤B14成型的坯体置于炉中，按烧成温度曲线烧结。烧结温度为900～1350℃。
这样，具有通孔、规则孔的微孔陶瓷成型了，孔隙率为30％～75％，孔径为30～250μm。
将经过步骤A1(步骤A11～步骤A110)成型好的压电振子1和经过步骤B1(步骤B11～步骤B15)成型好的多孔导油层2通过以下工艺复合在一起：
步骤C11，喷砂
为保证压电振子1和多孔导油层2良好的附着强度，压电振子1上表层即釉层104需进行喷砂处理，使釉层104表面形成1～10μm细小微孔，同时必须注意喷砂面105只是压电振子1上表层与多孔导油层2紧密接触的面积，而不是将整个釉层104进行喷砂。如图6所示，喷砂面105与粘连层3及粘连层3上的多孔导油层2对应。
喷砂时采用W40的金钢砂和刚玉，由于釉层104厚度约为20μm，比较簿，因而喷砂时间可以为0.5～1小时。喷砂结束后用超声波超声处理2h，彻底清洁压电振子1表面的金钢砂颗粒，然后置于烘箱150℃烘干2小时。
步骤C12，在压电振子1上表面设置粘连层3
本实施方式中，利用丝网印刷高温胶的方式形成粘连层3。
为了保证压电振子1上表层高温胶厚度的一致性，采用丝网印刷高温胶。高温胶水厚度控制在10～20μm。此工艺的关键点是丝网上的菲林图像，由于多孔导油层2首要的作用是导油，为了避免高温胶堵住多孔导油层2的通孔而导致烟油无法与压电振子1上表层接触，进而影响烟油的雾化效果，因此菲林图像应与多孔导油层2的多孔结构一致，如图5，菲林的图像即是多孔导油层2的多孔结构。通过这种处理后，高温胶水只能透过菲林图像上的孔壁才能流下去，高温胶水 不会印刷在菲林图像上的孔上，因而只有孔与孔之间的孔壁才有高温胶，孔是没有高温胶的。这样就能保证孔的畅通，不会阻碍烟油的流动。
多孔导油层2的导油过程是这样的：多孔导油层2先是吸附烟油，即自身吸饱烟油，吸饱烟油的过程即是浸湿的过程。当浸湿后，多孔导油层2才能把继续吸附的烟油导至压电振子1上，而多孔导油层2浸湿时，完全是依靠多孔导油层2本身的亲油性和立体孔来实现的，同时亲油材质和立体孔也决定了浸湿的速度，浸湿的速度越快，说明多孔导油层2传导烟油的速度越快。
如图7所示，高温胶水只是丝印在孔壁上，而且厚度控制在15μm间，所以并不阻碍烟油在孔与孔之间和在纵向孔的传导。
步骤C13，压合
压电振子1表面印刷好高温胶后，利用油压机和模具把多孔导油层2压合在压电振子1上。压合工艺最重要的是注意定位，即压电振子1、粘连层3和多孔导油层2要同心，不能错位。粘连层3上的通孔与多孔导油层2上的通孔一一相对。压合力也是比较关键的，实验表明，压强太大，容易出现裂缝和裂片，压合力太小，工作时容易分层断开，所以一般压合力度是5～50KG/厘米 2，压合保持时间为10～30min。
如图8所示，压合时，可以用单向加压，也可以用双向加压。单向加压的样品，压合力施加在多孔导油层2或压电振子1上；双向加压的样品，即是压电振子1和多孔导油层2同时加压。最好用双向加压法，这样压电振子1和多孔导油层2受力能更加均匀，避免在压合时让器件出现裂缝和裂纹，而且在压合时，高温胶粘同时也在流动，能使粘连层3更加均匀，粘合力度更大。
步骤C14，烘干
压合好的一体件置于烘箱中烘干，温度为60～150℃，时间为60～120min。温度曲线设置如图9所示，室温升到60℃需要60min，60℃保温30min，然后随炉冷却。整个烘干过程温度尽量温和，防止温度骤升，影响压合效果。
经过上述步骤后，压电振子1和多孔导油层2就成一体件了。装配时直接装好，不需要装了压电振子1又装导油件。
在第二种方式中，采用等静压成型法将压电振子1和多孔导油层2固设在一起。实施方式二中的超声波雾化片制作工艺如下：
步骤A1，按照实施方式一中的步骤A11～步骤A110制作成型压电振子1。随后，为保证压电振子1和多孔陶瓷良好的附着强度，压电振子1上表面层即釉层104需进行喷砂处理，使釉层104表面形成1～10μm细小微孔，同时必须注意喷砂面105只是压电振子1上表面与多孔导油层2紧密接触的面积，而不是将整个釉层104进行喷砂，如图6。
喷砂时采用W40的金钢砂和刚玉，由于釉层104厚度约为20μm，比较簿，因而喷砂时间可以为0.5～1小时。喷砂结束后用超声波超声2h,彻底清洁表面的金钢砂颗粒，然后于烘箱150℃烘干2小时。
步骤B2，制作多孔导油层2坯体：按照实施方式一中的步骤B11～步骤B14制作多孔陶瓷坯体(未烧成)。
步骤C2，将多孔导油层2坯体通过热压叠层或等静压叠层工艺复合至压电振子1上表面。
(1)热压叠层
由于多孔导油层2坯体是生坯，尚未烧成，因而质地软，含水量较高，因而通过热压叠层后，复合得更加牢靠。
①热压叠层采用油压机和模具完成。
②多孔导油层2厚度是0.2～0.4mm，直径是4～12mm(根据压电振子1直径来选择匹配)，因而多孔导油层2是一个径厚比很大的结构件，这样有利于热压叠层时的力度选择，也不容易变形；由于多孔导油层2是坯体，因而力度适合小一些，力度宜选择1～5KG/厘米 2。
③在热压时，由于厚度方向会有收缩，因而在成型多孔导油层2时，厚度方向应设计20％～30％的余量，热压叠层温度为100～150℃，叠层保持时间为10～30min。
④热压叠层时，是双向加压叠层，双向加压叠层力度会均匀一些，对坯体的变形量也少点。
(2)等静压叠层
由于多孔导油层2坯体是生坯，尚未烧成，因而质地软，含水量较高，因而在复合时最容易发生变形，复合时如果生坯每个面受力均匀的话，变形量可以最小。此时，等静压叠层是最合适的工艺选择。
等静压是利用各方向压强相等的原理，使样品均匀受压。以油或水作为加压介质，调节压强大小，一般在1～5KG/厘米 2左右，这样压制的样品均匀致密，完全不用粘合剂。
步骤D2，热压叠层或等静压叠层后，将复合形成的一体件烧成。 烧成工艺与步骤B15相同。
在第三种方式中，采用一体成型法将压电振子1和多孔导油层2固设在一起。实施方式三中的超声波雾化片制作工艺如下：
步骤A3，选定制作压电陶瓷片102的配方，根据该配方称取制作压电陶瓷片102的原料；对压电陶瓷片102的原料依次执行预处理、混合和预烧工序。本步骤同实施方式一中的A11～步骤A14。
步骤B3，选取制作多孔导油层2的原料；对多孔导油层2的原料依次执行预处理和混合工序。本步骤同实施方式一中的B11～步骤B13。
步骤C3，等静压成型与排塑
先将经过预烧的压电陶瓷片102原料置于模具中，进行等静压成型，力度为1～1.5吨/厘米 2，形成压电陶瓷片102坯体。等静压的力度很大，成型的坯体会非常致密。
再将经过混合的多孔导油层2原料置于压电陶瓷片102坯体上表面，再进行等静压压制并成型，得到具有多孔导油层2的压电陶瓷片102坯体。
排塑工艺如实施方式一中的步骤A15。
步骤D3，将具有多孔导油层2的压电陶瓷片102坯体烧结。
实施方式三中，是对具备多孔导油层2的压电振子1坯体烧成，由于多孔导油层2和压电振子1烧结温度接近，可以一起烧结。
对于压电振子1坯体而言，烧成就是将经预烧成型的粉末块在加热到足够高的温度以后发生体积收缩、密度提高和强度增加的现象。实现烧成过程的机制则是组成该物质的原子或离子的扩散运动。
对于多孔导油层2而言，烧成是形成多孔的关键。
烧成时，升温速度一般为300℃/h左右，尺寸小的样品升温速度可以快些，尺寸大的样品升温速度要适当降低，烧成温度在1200～1300℃间，保温时间为30～60分钟，尺寸大的样品保温时间应长一些，尺寸小的样品保温时间可短一些。保温以后，停电，随炉冷却。
步骤E3，上电极
上电极就是在压电振子1上下表面设置一层金属薄膜。烧渗银层法是最常用的方法，其中丝网印刷和喷银相对效率较高。经过加工的压电陶瓷片102表面往往附着一层油污，上电极之前一定要仔细清洗，清洗可以在超声波清洗机中进行，先用肥皂水，再用清水，最后 用酒精，洗后烘干。
喷银后的压电陶瓷片102，放到烘箱中烘干，烘干温度在130℃左右，烧银是使银浆中的氧化银还原成银，并使银在较高温度时渗入瓷件表面，形成紧密的结合。烧银温度为750℃，在最温度保温时间一般为10～20分钟。
需要注意的是，如图10所示，在实施方式三中，上电极层101和釉层104的面积与实施方式一有所不同的，由于多孔导油层2已经和压电振子1等静压复合在一起了，因而上电极层101和釉层104的表面是除了多孔导油层2以外的表面积。
步骤F3，极化压电陶瓷片102。
所谓极化，就是在压电振子1上加一个强直流电场，使电畴沿电场方向取向排列。只有经过极化工序处理的陶瓷，才能显示压电效应。要使压电陶瓷片102得到完善的极化，充分发挥其压电性能，就必须合理地选择极化条件，即极化电场、极化温度和极化时间。极化工艺如实施方式一中的步骤A18所述。
步骤G3，在上电极层101上表面设置釉层104。
为使烧成的压电振子1表面有良好的光洁度，通常会在压电振子1表面上釉，釉层104是通过丝网印刷而成，釉层104厚度为10～20μm，然后在800～1000℃下烧结30～60min，随炉冷却。
步骤H3，经过上述工艺流程后，对压电振子1的性能进行测试，给出材料的某些参数的具体数值。
经过实施方式三中这种工艺成型的具有通孔、规则孔的压电振子1，工艺流程缩短了，最大的优势在于压电振子1与多孔导油层2是在粉体时通过等静压复合在一起的，而且压电振子1与多孔导油层2会有相互嵌入相互融合的复合层，这样可以确保最大的复合力度。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是局限性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种超声波雾化片，包括压电振子(1)，其特征在于，压电振子(1)的上表面固设有多孔导油层(2)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的超声波雾化片，其特征在于，多孔导油层(2)上的通孔排布规则。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的超声波雾化片，其特征在于，多孔导油层(2)通过粘连层(3)固设于压电振子(1)上表面。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的超声波雾化片，其特征在于，多孔导油层(2)与压电振子(1)一体成型。
  5. 如权利要求1至4任一项所述的超声波雾化片，其特征在于，所述压电振子(1)包括由上而下依次设置的上电极层(101)、压电陶瓷片(102)、下电极层(103)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的超声波雾化片，其特征在于，所述上电极层(101)上表面还设有釉层(104)。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的超声波雾化片，其特征在于，釉层(104)上表面设有喷砂面(105)。
  8. 一种超声波雾化片制作工艺，包括：
    步骤A1，制作压电振子(1)；
    其特征在于，还包括：
    步骤B1，制作多孔导油层(2)；
    步骤C1，在压电振子(1)上表面设置粘连层(3)；
    步骤D1，对位多孔导油层(2)和压电振子(1)上的粘连层(3)，将多孔导油层(2)压合在压电振子(1)上；其中，粘连层(3)上的通孔与多孔导油层(2)上的通孔一一相对；
    步骤E1，将压合形成的一体件烘干后冷却。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的超声波雾化片制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤C1中，在设置粘连层(3)之前，还包括对压电振子(1)上表面与粘连层(3)相对应的位置进行喷砂处理。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的超声波雾化片制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤C1中，利用丝网印刷高温胶的方式形成粘连层(3)，其中，丝网上的菲林图像与多孔导油层(2)的多孔结构一致。
  11. 一种超声波雾化片制作工艺，包括：
    步骤A1，制作压电振子(1)；
    其特征在于，还包括：
    步骤B2，制作多孔导油层(2)坯体；
    步骤C2，将多孔导油层(2)坯体通过热压叠层或等静压叠层工艺复合至压电振子(1)上表面；
    步骤D2，将复合形成的一体件烧结。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的超声波雾化片制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤A1中，还包括对压电振子(1)上表面与多孔导油层(2)相对应的位置进行喷砂处理。
  13. 一种超声波雾化片制作工艺，包括：
    步骤A3，选定制作压电陶瓷片(102)的配方，根据该配方称取制作压电陶瓷片(102)的原料；对压电陶瓷片(102)的原料依次执行预处理、混合和预烧工序；
    其特征在于，还包括：
    步骤B3，选取制作多孔导油层(2)的原料；对多孔导油层(2)的原料依次执行预处理和混合工序；
    步骤C3，将经过预烧的压电陶瓷片(102)原料置于模具中成型，形成压电陶瓷片(102)坯体；再将经过混合的多孔导油层(2)原料置于压电陶瓷片(102)坯体上表面并成型，得到具有多孔导油层(2)的压电陶瓷片(102)坯体；
    步骤D3，将具有多孔导油层(2)的压电陶瓷片(102)坯体烧结；
    步骤E3，在压电陶瓷片(102)上表面上除多孔导油层(2)以外的位置设置上电极层(101)，在压电陶瓷片(102)下表面设置下电极层(103)；
    步骤F3，极化压电陶瓷片(102)。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的超声波雾化片制作工艺，其特征在于，在步骤步骤F3之后还包括：
    步骤G3，在上电极层(101)上表面设置釉层(104)。
  15. 一种超声波电子烟，包括油仓，其特征在于，还包括如权利要求1至7任一项所述的超声波雾化片，油仓通过多孔导油层(2)与压电振子(1)上表面连通。
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