WO2021012725A1 - 一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法 - Google Patents

一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021012725A1
WO2021012725A1 PCT/CN2020/085061 CN2020085061W WO2021012725A1 WO 2021012725 A1 WO2021012725 A1 WO 2021012725A1 CN 2020085061 W CN2020085061 W CN 2020085061W WO 2021012725 A1 WO2021012725 A1 WO 2021012725A1
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Prior art keywords
valve
carbon dioxide
condenser
liquid
gas
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PCT/CN2020/085061
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨建国
周成君
康建慧
谢伟波
杨世恒
沈闯子
盛小兵
曹文杰
Original Assignee
北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司
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Application filed by 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司 filed Critical 北京市京科伦冷冻设备有限公司
Priority to EP20843308.6A priority Critical patent/EP4006445A4/en
Priority to US17/606,437 priority patent/US20220316779A1/en
Publication of WO2021012725A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021012725A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02Subcoolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/001Ejectors not being used as compression device
    • F25B2341/0014Ejectors with a high pressure hot primary flow from a compressor discharge
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23Separators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of refrigeration, in particular to a carbon dioxide refrigeration system and a refrigeration method thereof.
  • Freon In the field of refrigeration, Freon is currently mostly used as a refrigerant at home and abroad, but Freon will destroy the ozone layer of the atmosphere, resulting in a higher greenhouse effect. Due to the instability and high cost of ammonia (R717), it will also cause unsafe factors in the refrigeration system, so ammonia (R717) is not an economical and safe refrigerant. As the international community continues to pay more attention to energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection, the elimination of Freon refrigerants has also accelerated. As a safe and environmentally friendly refrigerant, carbon dioxide has broad application prospects and considerable economic value .
  • the existing improvement methods are to adopt a two-stage carbon dioxide refrigeration system, a cascade refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as a low-temperature stage, and a refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
  • these improvements can improve the energy efficiency performance of the carbon dioxide side refrigeration system to a certain extent, the system structure is complex, the cost is high, and it is difficult to debug and maintain.
  • the overall refrigeration system efficiency is still very low; and in the cascade system and the carrier cooling system, it is still It is necessary to add other refrigerants (such as Freon) to maintain the normal operation of the system, which cannot make full use of the advantages of the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a carbon dioxide refrigeration system and a refrigeration method that has simple structure, convenient operation, low installation and maintenance costs, high refrigeration efficiency, and can adjust the temperature of carbon dioxide liquid.
  • a carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a compressor, a condenser, an accumulator, and an evaporator that are connected in sequence; a suction component is arranged between the compressor and the condenser, and the suction component is connected with the accumulator or with the gas The liquid separator is connected, and the gas-liquid separator is set between the condenser and the accumulator. The carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator or the gas-liquid separator can be sucked back into the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser through the suction component .
  • the suction assembly includes a first interface, a second interface, and a third interface.
  • the first interface communicates with the compressor
  • the second interface communicates with the condenser
  • the third interface communicates with the accumulator or the gas-liquid interface.
  • the separators are connected.
  • the suction component is a venturi tube or a venturi group in which multiple venturi tubes are connected in parallel
  • the gas-liquid separator is a float valve or a floating ball valve group in which multiple float valves are connected in series.
  • the suction assembly includes a three-way valve and a negative pressure pump.
  • the negative pressure pump is arranged on a pipe connecting the third interface with the accumulator or the gas-liquid separator.
  • the negative pressure pump is in the accumulator or in the gas-liquid separator.
  • the set negative pressure is generated in the separator.
  • the condensing pressure in the condenser tube is lower than 120Kg/cm 2 , and a one-way valve is provided between the gas-liquid separator and the suction assembly.
  • the venturi tube includes a constricted section, a throat and a divergent section that are sequentially connected.
  • the float valve includes two ports at the bottom and one port at the top.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube and a first float valve, the first venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser, and the first float valve is arranged between the condenser and the accumulator On the pipeline, the throat interface of the first venturi is connected with the first float valve;
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube, a first float valve, a second venturi tube, and a second float valve
  • the first venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser
  • the first float valve and The second float valve is arranged in series on the pipeline between the condenser and the accumulator
  • the throat interface of the first venturi is connected to the first float valve
  • the second venturi is arranged between the first float valve and the condenser In between, the throat interface of the second venturi is connected to the second float valve;
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube, a first float valve, a second venturi tube, a second float valve, a third venturi tube, and a third float valve
  • the first venturi tube is arranged in the compressor and the condenser In the pipeline between the first float valve, the second float valve and the third float valve in series between the condenser and the accumulator, the throat interface of the first venturi is connected to the first float valve, and the second
  • the venturi tube is arranged between the first float valve and the condenser, the throat interface of the second venturi tube is connected to the second float valve;
  • the third venturi tube is arranged between the first float valve and the second float valve, The throat interface of the third venturi is connected with the third float valve;
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube, a first float valve, a second venturi tube, a second float valve, and a third venturi tube
  • the first venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser
  • the first float valve and the second float valve are arranged in series between the condenser and the accumulator, the throat interface of the first venturi is connected with the first float valve, and the second venturi is arranged between the first float valve and the Between the condensers, the throat interface of the second venturi tube is connected to the second float valve;
  • the third venturi tube is arranged between the first float valve and the second float valve, and the throat interface of the third venturi tube is connected to the Reservoir connection;
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a venturi tube and more than one float valve, the venturi tube is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the condenser, and more than one float valve is arranged in series between the condenser and the accumulator. In the pipeline, more than one float valve is all connected to the throat interface of a venturi.
  • the condenser is a flash condenser.
  • the flash condenser includes a shell, a negative pressure fan, a heat exchange device and a liquid atomization device.
  • the negative pressure fan is arranged on the shell, and the negative pressure fan makes the inside of the shell A negative pressure environment is formed.
  • the liquid atomization device and the heat exchange device are arranged in the shell.
  • the liquid atomization device sprays the atomized liquid into the shell.
  • the atomized liquid evaporates into steam under the negative pressure environment, and the heat exchange device
  • the carbon dioxide medium inside is condensed and liquefied.
  • the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized liquid in the casing; the pressure of the static pressure chamber in the casing is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20 Pa.
  • the condensation pressure in the condenser tube is not higher than the critical pressure of carbon dioxide, which is 74Kg/cm 2 .
  • a first static pressure cavity is formed between the negative pressure fan and the heat exchange device
  • a second static pressure cavity is formed between the liquid atomization device and the heat exchange device
  • the negative pressure fan causes a negative pressure to be formed in the second static pressure cavity.
  • the liquid atomization device sprays the atomized liquid into the second static pressure chamber to evaporate the atomized liquid into steam.
  • the flash condenser includes a pressure regulating device, the air inlet of the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the shell, and the air outlet is arranged in the shell.
  • the regulated air flow is sent into the shell through the pressure regulating device to promote the steam in the shell. Flow and form aerosol in the shell;
  • the pressure regulating device is one or more fans, and the fans are arranged close to the liquid atomizing device;
  • the pressure regulating device is a negative pressure fan connected to the shell through a steam circulation pipeline.
  • the refrigeration system includes a four-way reversing valve
  • the four-way reversing valve includes a valve body, the valve body is provided with a first outlet, a second outlet, a third outlet, and a fourth outlet, and a gas channel is provided inside the valve body, The gas passage connects the first outlet, the second outlet, the third outlet, and the fourth outlet.
  • the valve body is provided with a first valve core assembly and a second valve core assembly.
  • the first valve core assembly and the second valve core assembly can be installed in the valve body.
  • the internal movement of the body realizes the conversion of the gas outlet communication relationship; the valve core assembly is moved by the pressure generated by the high-pressure power gas source.
  • the valve core assembly includes a spring, a valve core, a screw, a valve tube, and a shaft sleeve.
  • the two ends of the screw are respectively connected to the two valve cores, one end of the spring is connected to one of the valve cores, and the other end is connected to the spring fixing base,
  • the valve tube is sleeved on the screw, and the side of the valve tube facing the outlet is an open structure.
  • the opening structure allows gas to enter the inside of the four-way reversing valve.
  • a shaft sleeve is provided on the valve core, and the shaft sleeve matches the valve tube. Combination of valve and tube can prevent carbon dioxide gas from passing through;
  • the valve body is composed of an upper sealing plate and a lower sealing plate that cooperate with each other, and a valve cover is also arranged on the valve body.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first four-way reversing valve, a second four-way reversing valve, and a third four-way reversing valve.
  • the four outlets of the first four-way reversing valve are respectively connected to the condenser through a gas pipeline.
  • Export connection
  • the first four-way reversing valve connects the compressor outlet with the condenser inlet, and connects the evaporator outlet with the compressor inlet;
  • the second four-way reversing valve connects the condenser outlet with the air
  • the inlet of the liquid separator is connected to the third four-way reversing valve;
  • the third four-way reversing valve connects the outlet of the accumulator to the inlet of the evaporator and the second four-way reversing valve;
  • the first four-way reversing valve connects the compressor outlet with the evaporator, and the condenser inlet with the compressor inlet; the second four-way reversing valve connects the condenser outlet with the third four-way The reversing valve is turned on to connect the third four-way reversing valve to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator; the third four-way reversing valve connects the outlet of the accumulator to the second four-way reversing valve, connecting the evaporator with The second four-way reversing valve is turned on.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system is used for air conditioning for adjusting indoor temperature, as a cold source for a cold storage, or for a quick-freezing storage.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is connected to the carbon dioxide fire fighting pipeline, and the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is arranged below the frozen soil layer.
  • an overflow differential pressure valve is provided between the condenser and the accumulator.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve includes a differential pressure valve housing, a sealing gasket, a differential pressure valve inlet and a differential pressure valve outlet, and the differential pressure valve inlet and The outlet of the differential pressure valve of the condenser is connected, and the outlet of the differential pressure valve is connected with the accumulator; the sealing gasket is arranged in the cavity formed inside the shell of the differential pressure valve, and the inlet and outlet of the differential pressure valve are both connected to the differential pressure The cavity inside the valve housing is connected, and the sealing gasket can move in the pressure difference valve housing according to pressure changes to realize the communication or blocking of the pressure difference valve inlet and the pressure difference valve outlet.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve further includes a differential pressure valve spring.
  • One end of the differential pressure valve spring is connected with a sealing gasket, and the other end is fixed on the differential pressure valve housing.
  • the shape of the sealing gasket is consistent with the cavity in the differential pressure valve housing. Matching the cross-sectional shape of the seal gasket can move back and forth with the compression or release of the differential pressure valve spring.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a low-pressure circulation barrel, the liquid outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel is communicated with the inlet end of the evaporator, the outlet end of the evaporator is communicated with the low-pressure circulation barrel, and the air outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel is communicated with the compressor .
  • the present invention also provides a refrigeration method using carbon dioxide as a medium, including the following steps:
  • the condensed carbon dioxide gas adopts a flash condensation method to achieve complete condensation and liquefaction of carbon dioxide in the flash condenser.
  • the flash condensation method is to install a heat exchange device and liquid atomization in a closed shell
  • the device is equipped with a negative pressure fan on the airtight shell, and the liquid is sprayed through the high-pressure liquid atomization device to form an atomized liquid with a large specific surface area, which is dispersed in the housing chamber of the shell; under the action of the radiant heat generated by the heat exchange device , And under the action of the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan, the small particles of the atomized liquid are dispersed and suspended in the gas medium to form an aerosol, so that the water molecules on the surface of the atomized liquid are separated from the body of the droplet, and converted into steam, taking away heat;
  • step 2) the multi-stage cooling method is to set up multiple floating ball valves in series.
  • the carbon dioxide liquid passes through the float valves in turn, and the floating ball valves are connected to the suction components. Part of the liquid carbon dioxide is vaporized under the action of suction to make the remaining The liquid is in a supercooled state, resulting in lower temperature liquid carbon dioxide.
  • This setting can control the temperature of the required carbon dioxide liquid.
  • the temperature in the condenser can be lower than the critical value of carbon dioxide, when the ambient temperature is higher than the critical value of carbon dioxide, part of the carbon dioxide liquid can also be liquefied, and the required carbon dioxide liquid can be obtained through the secondary cooling function of the suction component. If the flash condenser of the present invention is used, the influence of the external environment temperature and humidity can be overcome.
  • the entire refrigeration system uses natural working fluid carbon dioxide as the only refrigerant, even if it leaks, it will not cause any damage to the ecological environment; because the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is low, only 31.06°C, the efficiency of the system during transcritical cycle is low, the present invention passes
  • the installation of suction components and flash condensers can fully refrigerate the carbon dioxide and obtain the required degree of subcooling.
  • the single-stage or multi-stage cooling system composed of the suction component and the gas-liquid separator can reduce the liquid carbon dioxide to the required temperature, and has a simple structure, convenient operation, and low installation and maintenance costs.
  • the heat exchange device can achieve the cooling effect through radiation in a low temperature environment, and is not affected by the temperature and The influence of humidity can be adapted to use in more areas with different environments; in a negative pressure environment, the small particles of the atomized liquid are dispersed and suspended in the gas medium to form a colloidal dispersion system, forming an aerosol, because the dispersion medium of the aerosol is a gas , The viscosity of the gas is small, the density difference between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium is very large, the particles are very easy to stick when they collide, and the liquid particles are volatilized, so that the aerosol has its unique regularity.
  • Aerosol particles have a relatively large specific surface and surface energy, which can make the liquefied liquid evaporate quickly and improve the cooling effect.
  • the atomized liquid produced by the liquid atomization device flashes quickly in the negative pressure environment of the containing chamber, and the liquid mist is transformed into vapor, absorbs heat, and reduces the ambient temperature in the housing.
  • the vapor flashed by the atomized liquid can be discharged out of the shell through a negative pressure fan.
  • the atomized liquid in the containing chamber evaporates into steam continuously, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged out of the shell through the negative pressure fan to complete the refrigeration .
  • the substance can be cooled and cooled down.
  • the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention Since there is no need for convective heat exchange with the external environment during the refrigeration process, the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention has a small installed capacity and a small area occupied by the entire equipment, which is convenient for installation and saves space;
  • the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention realizes refrigeration completely through the vaporization of the atomized liquid.
  • the process of changing the liquid from liquid to gaseous state can release cold refrigeration, and at the same time, the temperature of the steam discharged from the equipment will not increase, so In the refrigeration process, no heat is actually discharged into the atmosphere, and no heat island effect occurs. Not only is the refrigeration efficiency high, but the refrigeration effect is stable and reliable.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of suction component (Venturi).
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second type of suction component (three-way valve and negative pressure pump).
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of three parallel suction components (Venturi tube group).
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary cooling component.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary cooling component.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-stage cooling module structure.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a secondary cooling component of another connection structure.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first scheme of the flash condenser.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the second scheme of the flash condenser.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third scheme of the flash condenser.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a high-pressure four-way reversing valve.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-pressure four-way reversing valve.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a four-way reversing valve in heating mode.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a four-way reversing valve in cooling mode.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention in the refrigeration mode.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention in heating mode.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cooling component of another connection structure.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view of the structure in which the suction assembly is directly connected to the reservoir.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a carbon dioxide refrigeration system with an overflow differential pressure valve according to the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a carbon dioxide refrigeration system including an overflow differential pressure valve and a venturi tube according to the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overflow differential pressure valve.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of a carbon dioxide refrigeration system containing a low-pressure circulation barrel of the present invention.
  • the second valve 350, upper
  • a carbon dioxide refrigeration system provided by this embodiment includes a compressor 10, a condenser 11, a liquid accumulator 12, and an evaporator 13, which are sequentially connected.
  • the carbon dioxide gas discharged from the compressor 10 enters the condenser After 11, it is condensed into liquid and stored in the accumulator 12.
  • the carbon dioxide liquid is evaporated and refrigerated in the evaporator 13 and then flows back to the compressor 10 for repeated use to realize the cycle of carbon dioxide; a pumping system is arranged between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11.
  • the suction component 15, the suction component 15 is connected to the reservoir 12 (shown in Figure 19) or connected to the gas-liquid separator 14 (shown in Figure 1), the gas-liquid separator 14 is arranged in the condenser 11 and the liquid storage Between the condensers 12, the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14 can be drawn back into the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11 through the suction assembly 15, and then enters the condenser 11 to continue condensation.
  • the gas-liquid separator 14 can pass liquid, but cannot pass gas.
  • the suction assembly 15 is arranged between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the carbon dioxide gas stored in the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14 can be extracted and sent back to the condenser 11 for another Condensation to increase the amount of condensation of carbon dioxide gas; another effect is that the suction component 15 can also flash part of the liquid.
  • the flashed carbon dioxide can take away a part of the heat, and can continue to reduce the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide, so that the liquid carbon dioxide is in excess Cold state. Because of the re-cooling function, this configuration reduces the impact on the system after the efficiency of the condenser 11 is reduced when the external temperature and humidity are too high, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the system.
  • the temperature in the condenser can be lower than the critical value of carbon dioxide, when the ambient temperature is higher than the critical value of carbon dioxide, part of the carbon dioxide liquid can also be liquefied, and the required carbon dioxide liquid can be obtained through the secondary cooling function of the suction component. If the flash condenser of the present invention is used, the influence of the external environment temperature and humidity can be overcome.
  • the compressor 10 continuously extracts the carbon dioxide gas in the evaporator 13 to maintain the environment in the evaporator 13 at a low temperature and low pressure to promote the continuous gasification and refrigeration of liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the compressor 10 The carbon dioxide gas is compressed to greatly increase the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide gas, so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency with the condenser 11; the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas enters the condenser 11, and is cooled in the condenser 11, and part of the gas is Carbon dioxide is condensed into liquid, forming a low-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid mixture of carbon dioxide.
  • the carbon dioxide gas-liquid mixture enters the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14 and completes the gas-liquid separation in the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14.
  • the suction assembly 15 includes a first interface 150, a second interface 151, and a third interface 152.
  • the first interface 150 communicates with the compressor 10, and the second interface 151 communicates with the condenser 11.
  • the third interface 152 is in communication with the accumulator 12 or in communication with the gas-liquid separator 14.
  • the first interface 150 and the second interface 151 are used to connect the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the third interface 152 enables the suction assembly 15 to draw back the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the float valve, and then flow into the condenser Cool down in 11.
  • the suction assembly 15 is a venturi tube or a venturi tube group in which multiple venturi tubes are connected in parallel.
  • the venturi tube includes a constricted section 153, a throat 154, and a diffuser connected in sequence.
  • the first interface 150 of the suction assembly 15 is arranged in communication with the contraction section 153
  • the second interface 151 is arranged in communication with the diffusion section 155
  • the third interface 152 is arranged in communication with the throat 154.
  • the compressor 10 in the refrigeration system can also include one compressor 10 or two or more compressor groups connected in parallel;
  • the evaporator 13 can also be one evaporator 13 or two or more evaporator groups 13; it can be set according to actual needs.
  • a solenoid valve 16 is provided between the suction assembly 15 and the compressor 10, and a check valve 18 is provided between the suction assembly 15 and the gas-liquid separator 14.
  • the venturi tube is a hollow short cylindrical shape
  • the constricted section 153 is a hollow tapered tube, which is a structure that gradually shrinks and narrows;
  • a throat 154 is connected to the back of the constricted section 153
  • the throat 154 is a hollow and thin cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the throat 154 is smaller than the diameter of the entrance section;
  • the rear of the throat 154 is connected with a diffusion section 155, which is a hollow cone-shaped tube connected to the throat 154 One end is narrower, and the end away from the throat 154 gradually expands and thickens.
  • a third interface 152 for suction is provided at the throat 154 of the venturi.
  • the third interface 152 communicates with the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12.
  • the venturi can automatically The carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 is sucked, and the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 enters the condenser 11 again for secondary condensation, so as to be converted into more carbon dioxide liquid and stored in the accumulator 12.
  • the Venturi tube is an application form based on the Venturi effect.
  • the Venturi effect means that when the restricted flow passes through a reduced cross-section, the flow rate of the fluid increases, and the flow rate is inversely proportional to the cross-section. In layman's terms, this effect means that low pressure will be generated near the fluid flowing at high speed, resulting in adsorption.
  • the Venturi tube accelerates the gas flow rate by changing the gas flow from coarse to finer; low pressure is generated near the high-speed gas, which will create a negative pressure environment inside the venturi tube, which will cause a certain adsorption of the connected external environment effect.
  • the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 passes through the venturi tube before entering the condenser 11.
  • the carbon dioxide gas first enters the inlet section from the air inlet of the venturi tube.
  • the constricted section 153 As the diameter of the pipe gradually becomes smaller, the gas flow changes from thick to thin, so the gas flow speed gradually increases.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas reaches the highest when it enters the throat 154.
  • due to the Venturi effect a low pressure is generated near the carbon dioxide gas in the throat 154, causing a negative pressure environment in the throat 154.
  • the throat 154 is connected to the space where the carbon dioxide gas is stored in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12, and the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 will be sucked to the venturi under the adsorption action of the negative pressure environment in the throat 154
  • the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 enters the diffusion section 155 of the venturi tube to reduce the gas flow rate. Since the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 continuously passes through the venturi tube, the carbon dioxide gas in the accumulator 12 also continuously flows into the venturi tube, and enters the condenser 11 together with the carbon dioxide gas compressed by the compressor 10 Condensation during heat exchange.
  • venturi does not need to provide additional power during the working process, that is, without adding power components such as a motor, and it can achieve cyclic operation completely relying on the physical properties of carbon dioxide.
  • Carbon dioxide itself has the characteristics of high critical pressure (higher pressure when in a gaseous state) and low critical temperature (easier to maintain a gaseous state at a lower temperature).
  • high critical pressure high pressure when in a gaseous state
  • low critical temperature easier to maintain a gaseous state at a lower temperature.
  • carbon dioxide refrigerant in the venturi tube The higher the flow rate and the lower the resulting low pressure make the negative pressure environment in the venturi tube have a stronger adsorption effect. Therefore, the physical properties of the carbon dioxide refrigerant can maintain and promote the rapid and efficient operation of the suction assembly 15.
  • the carbon dioxide gas in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12 can continuously and repeatedly enter the condenser 11 for heat exchange and condensation, so as to increase the liquefaction of the carbon dioxide refrigerant and make the gas-liquid More liquid carbon dioxide is obtained from the separator 14 or the accumulator 12, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigeration system.
  • the flash carbon dioxide gas in the gas-liquid separator 14 or the accumulator 12 is a low-temperature gas (about 13°C)
  • the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas about 90°C
  • It will reduce the temperature of the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas, that is, before the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas enters the condenser 11 to be condensed, it is cooled down once, and the cooled gas enters the condenser 11 for cooling, which can improve the condenser 11
  • the condensation efficiency further promotes the condensation and liquefaction of carbon dioxide gas.
  • the suction assembly 15 composed of a venturi tube enables the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention to have the following advantages:
  • the gaseous carbon dioxide in the accumulator 12 is repeatedly condensed without increasing the power components and without affecting the efficiency of the compressor 10 to improve the cooling efficiency of the system;
  • the suction assembly 15 includes a three-way valve and a negative pressure pump 156.
  • the negative pressure pump 156 is disposed at the third interface 152 and communicates with the accumulator 12 or the gas-liquid separator 14. In the pipeline, the negative pressure pump 156 generates a set negative pressure in the accumulator 12 or in the gas-liquid separator 14.
  • the negative pressure pump 156 selects a small adjustable negative pressure pump 156, which can adjust the pressure to pump out gaseous carbon dioxide, and the set negative pressure value can flash the liquid carbon dioxide, so that the subcooling degree of the liquid carbon dioxide can be accurately adjusted.
  • the condensing pressure in the condenser tube is greater than 30Kg/cm2 and less than 120Kg/cm2.
  • a check valve 18 is provided between the gas-liquid separator 14 and the suction assembly 15.
  • the condensing pressure in the condenser 11 needs to be kept within a proper range (usually lower than 120Kg/cm2, higher than the evaporating pressure 30-40Kg/cm2), the condensing pressure is too high, it will affect the safe operation of the system, the condensing pressure is too high Low, will affect the normal operation of the system.
  • the one-way valve 18 can keep the condensing pressure within a proper range and ensure the normal operation of the system.
  • the gas-liquid separator 14 is a float valve or a float valve group in which multiple float valves are connected in series.
  • the float valve can pass carbon dioxide liquid, but carbon dioxide gas cannot pass through, achieving the purpose of gas-liquid separation.
  • the float valve includes two ports at the bottom and one port at the top. The two ports at the bottom are connected to the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12 respectively; the one port at the top is connected to the suction assembly 15. This arrangement makes the gas-liquid two-phase liquid separate inside the float valve cavity, and the temperature of the gas-liquid two-phase is uniform.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube 20 and a first float valve 23.
  • the first venturi tube 20 is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the first float valve 23 is arranged On the pipeline between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12, the throat 154 of the first venturi tube 20 is connected to a float valve.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube 20, a first float valve 23, a second venturi tube 21, and a second float valve 24.
  • the first venturi tube 20 is arranged in the compressor 10 and the condenser On the pipeline between 11, the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24 are arranged in series on the pipeline between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12, and the throat 154 interface of the first venturi 20 is connected to the first float
  • the ball valve 23 is connected, the second Venturi tube 21 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the condenser 11, and the throat 154 interface of the second Venturi tube 21 is connected to the second float valve 24.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first venturi tube 20, a first float valve 23, a second venturi tube 21, a second float valve 24, a third venturi tube 22, a third float valve 25,
  • a venturi tube 20 is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and the first float valve 23, the second float valve 24 and the third float valve 25 are arranged in series between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12 ,
  • the throat 154 interface of the first venturi tube 20 is connected to the first float valve 23, the second venturi tube 21 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the condenser 11, and the throat 154 of the second venturi tube 21
  • the interface is connected with the second float valve 24;
  • the third venturi tube 22 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24, and the throat 154 interface of the third venturi tube 22 is connected with the third float valve 25.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a first Venturi tube 20, a first float valve 23, a second Venturi tube 21, a second float valve 24, and a third Venturi tube 22.
  • the first Venturi tube 20 is provided On the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24 are arranged in series between the condenser 11 and the accumulator 12, and the throat 154 of the first venturi 20 is connected Connected with the first float valve 23, the second venturi tube 21 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the condenser 11, the throat 154 interface of the second venturi tube 21 is connected with the second float valve 24; the third venturi The inner tube 22 is arranged between the first float valve 23 and the second float valve 24, and the throat 154 interface of the third venturi tube 22 is connected to the reservoir 12.
  • a regulating expansion valve 17 is provided between the liquid storage tank and the evaporator 13.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system includes a venturi tube and more than one float valve.
  • the venturi tube set is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor 10 and the condenser 11, and more than one float valve is connected in series in the condenser On the pipeline between the device 11 and the reservoir 12, more than one float valve is all connected to the throat 154 interface of a venturi.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is connected to the carbon dioxide fire-fighting pipeline, and the liquid carbon dioxide reservoir is arranged below the frozen soil layer.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide in the refrigeration system is used as a fire-fighting medium to reduce the cost of fire-fighting construction; the constant temperature below the ground frozen soil layer is generally about 15°C, which is lower than the critical temperature of carbon dioxide, 31.06°C. This can ensure that the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the storage tank is 15°C, keeping carbon dioxide in a constant temperature liquid state, low storage cost. Carbon dioxide is used to extinguish fires and will not cause secondary damage to objects. It has natural advantages.
  • the storage tank of the same volume has a lot more liquid storage than gas storage and a larger fire extinguishing area.
  • This embodiment also provides a refrigeration method using carbon dioxide as a medium, including the following steps:
  • the compressor 10 compresses the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the evaporator 13 into the condenser 11 for cooling to obtain a carbon dioxide gas-liquid mixture or supercritical fluid.
  • the cooled gas-liquid mixture or supercritical fluid is subjected to gas-liquid separation and cooling; the carbon dioxide gas mixed in the carbon dioxide liquid is pumped away through the suction component 15, and part of the carbon dioxide liquid is flashed through the suction component 15 to perform more Stage cooling to make the liquid carbon dioxide in a super-cooled state or make the supercritical fluid into a liquid; the method of multi-stage cooling is to set up multiple floating ball valves in series, and the carbon dioxide liquid passes through the float valves in turn, and the float valves are connected to the suction assembly 15 respectively. , The temperature is gradually reduced under the action of suction. This setting can control the temperature of the required carbon dioxide liquid.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the condenser of this embodiment is clearly a flash condenser, and the system form and flow are the same as the example in Embodiment 1.
  • the condenser of this embodiment is clearly a flash condenser, and the system form and flow are the same as the example in Embodiment 1.
  • the refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as the cooling medium due to the low critical point of carbon dioxide, it is currently impossible to solve the problem that the gaseous carbon dioxide cannot be liquefied when the external temperature is too high. There have always been prejudices in the field.
  • the refrigeration system using carbon dioxide as the medium cannot be used in large-scale plants. Range refrigeration cannot be widely used.
  • the applicant of the present invention has been studying refrigeration systems using carbon dioxide as the refrigeration medium.
  • the first generation of ground-source condensing technology has been developed, which has been widely used.
  • Condensation technology solves the technical problem of condensing carbon dioxide medium for refrigeration, so that the condensation pressure of carbon dioxide is not higher than its critical pressure and is completely condensed and liquefied.
  • the condensation temperature is far below its critical The temperature is 31°C.
  • This embodiment also provides a refrigeration method based on a flash condenser using carbon dioxide as a medium, including the following steps:
  • the compressor 10 compresses the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the evaporator 13 into the condenser 11 to condense the carbon dioxide liquid; the condensed carbon dioxide gas adopts a flash condensation method, and the flash condensation method is to install a heat exchange device and a closed shell
  • the liquid atomization device is equipped with a negative pressure fan on the closed shell, and the liquid is sprayed through the high-pressure liquid atomization device to form an atomized liquid with a large specific surface area, which is dispersed in the housing chamber of the shell; radiant heat generated by the heat exchange device
  • the small particles of the atomized liquid are dispersed and suspended in the gas medium to form an aerosol under the action of the negative pressure and the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure fan, so that the water molecules on the surface of the atomized liquid are separated from the body of the droplet and transformed into steam. Take the heat.
  • Many tests and applications show that the flash condenser of this embodiment can completely liquefy carbon dioxide.
  • the fully condensed carbon dioxide liquid is supercooled and cooled; part of the liquid in the gas-liquid separator is absorbed and vaporized by the suction component 15, and then the remaining carbon dioxide liquid is cooled.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide It is in a supercooled state; the multi-stage cooling method is to set a plurality of floating ball valves connected in series. The carbon dioxide liquid passes through the floating ball valves in sequence, and the floating ball valves are connected to the suction assembly 15 respectively, and the temperature is sequentially lowered under the action of suction. This setting can control the temperature of the required carbon dioxide liquid.
  • the condenser 11 is a flash condenser.
  • the flash condenser includes a shell 27, a negative pressure fan 26, a heat exchange device 28 and a liquid atomization device 29.
  • the negative pressure fan 26 is provided On the housing 27, the negative pressure fan 26 creates a negative pressure environment inside the housing 27, the liquid atomizing device 29 and the heat exchange device 28 are arranged in the housing 27, and the liquid atomizing device 29 sprays the atomized liquid to Inside the shell 27, the atomized liquid evaporates into steam under a negative pressure environment, and the carbon dioxide medium in the heat exchange device 28 is completely condensed and liquefied.
  • the heat exchange device 28 is preferably a finned condenser tube, and the condenser tubes are layered and intersected and arranged at a certain inclined angle.
  • the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure fan 26 is greater than the evaporation volume of the atomized liquid in the housing 27.
  • the steam in the shell 27 can be fully discharged to improve the evaporation efficiency of the atomized liquid, and on the other hand, the negative pressure environment in the shell 27 can be maintained.
  • the pressure of the static pressure chamber in the housing 27 is lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure by more than 20 Pa.
  • the condensation pressure in the condenser tube is not higher than the critical pressure of carbon dioxide, which is 74Kg/cm 2 .
  • a first static pressure cavity 30 is formed between the negative pressure fan 26 and the heat exchange device 28, and a second static pressure cavity 31 is formed between the liquid atomization device 29 and the heat exchange device 28.
  • the negative pressure fan 26 creates a negative pressure environment in the second static pressure chamber 31, and the liquid atomization device 29 sprays the atomized liquid into the second static pressure chamber 31 to evaporate the atomized liquid into steam.
  • the flash condenser includes a pressure regulating device 32.
  • the air inlet of the pressure regulating device 32 is arranged outside the housing 27, and the air outlet is arranged in the housing 27.
  • the air flow can be adjusted by the pressure regulating device 32. It is sent into the shell 27 to promote the flow of steam in the shell 27 and form aerosol in the shell 27.
  • the pressure regulating device 32 may also be one or more fans.
  • the fans are arranged close to the liquid atomizing device 29. The rotation of the fans can promote the flow of steam and atomized liquid in the housing 27.
  • the negative pressure fan 26 is connected to the housing 27 through the steam circulation pipe 34. Part of the steam is reused. The introduced part of the steam replaces a small amount of outside wind as a dispersion medium to suspend the atomized droplets (dispersed phase) to form an aerosol environment.
  • This example proves that the flash condenser can still be used without introducing outside wind. Operation, which completely eliminates the influence of external ambient temperature and humidity on the flash condenser.
  • the liquid atomizing device 29 includes a liquid supply pipe, which is provided at the bottom of the housing 27, communicates with a liquid tank or a liquid pipe outside the housing 27, and continuously supplies liquid into the housing 27; It can be a single linear pipeline, two or more pipelines arranged side by side, or a single pipeline is arranged in a disk shape.
  • a plurality of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are scattered on the liquid supply pipe, and the liquid in the liquid supply pipe can be sprayed through the high-pressure atomizing nozzle to form a mist-like atomized liquid, which is dispersed in the containing chamber.
  • the high-pressure atomizing nozzle can also be replaced with an ultrasonic atomizer to form an atomized liquid.
  • the high-pressure atomization nozzles are all set toward the direction where the heat exchange device 28 is located, so that the atomized water can be sprayed to the heat exchange device 28 better.
  • the high-pressure atomizing nozzle can also be replaced with an ultrasonic atomizer to form atomized water.
  • the liquid in the present invention preferentially uses water, which is economical and cost-effective.
  • the following uses water as an example for description.
  • the liquid atomization device 29 includes a water replenishing device 33, preferably a softened water replenishing device, which can remove calcium, magnesium and other inorganic salt substances.
  • the water is processed by the softened water replenishing device so that no external impurities enter, and the condensation tube is avoided to the greatest extent. Scale, increasing the service life of the condenser tube.
  • the liquid atomization device 29 atomizes each drop of water into about 1/500 of the original water droplet volume, forming a micron or nanometer water mist, so that the contact area with the air is enlarged, and the evaporation speed is accelerated by more than 300 times; refined droplets
  • the heat absorbed from liquid to gas is about 540 times the heat absorbed by water at 1°C, which can absorb a large amount of heat and greatly enhance the heat exchange effect.
  • the housing 27 is in a closed state, and the environment in the housing 27 can be maintained in a stable low temperature state, and the temperature is lower than the critical temperature of carbon dioxide liquefaction.
  • the basic cooling principle of a flash-type enclosed condenser is: in a closed environment, it promotes the evaporation of water from liquid to gas, releasing cold energy.
  • the main factors that promote water evaporation are: 1) the larger the surface area of the water, the more conducive to the evaporation of water; 2) the greater the negative pressure of the environment, the easier it is for water molecules to separate from each other to form steam; 3) The higher the temperature, the faster the evaporation of water.
  • the water atomization device is used to atomize the water into small droplets.
  • the surface area of the droplet-like water is greatly increased, which can accelerate the evaporation.
  • the droplet-like water movement is active and can float around in the housing 27 to accelerate Heat transfer and evaporation.
  • the housing 27 cooperates with the negative pressure fan 26, so that the second static pressure chamber 31 and the first static pressure chamber 30 in the housing 27 always maintain a negative pressure environment, so that the pressure in the second static pressure chamber 31 is low
  • the ambient atmospheric pressure here refers to the atmospheric pressure of the working environment where the flash-type closed condenser is located.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigerant flowing into the condenser 11 will absorb the cold energy in the shell 27 and release heat to complete the heat exchange. At this time, the condenser 11 will generate radiant heat. Therefore, when the mist is close to the condenser 11, it will radiate The heat accelerates the evaporation, and further absorbs the heat of the carbon dioxide refrigerant to cool it down.
  • the small mist droplets that are not completely evaporated into steam pass through the condenser 11, they can also exchange heat by directly contacting the condenser 11, so as to achieve the effect of auxiliary cooling and cooling. Since the volume of the water atomized into droplets becomes smaller, it is easier to move around, which speeds up the fluidity of the droplets and can quickly complete heat exchange with the condenser 11; and the small-volume droplets are in direct contact with the heat exchange process Most of the heat absorption is evaporated into steam, which greatly improves the refrigeration efficiency.
  • the shell 27 used in the flash-type closed condenser is closed.
  • the shell 27 is used to prevent outdoor wind from entering the shell 27 and prevent Excessive outdoor wind enters the casing 27, which affects the evaporation of the atomized water in the casing 27.
  • the existing air-cooled heat exchanger is just the opposite.
  • the air-cooled heat exchanger realizes heat exchange and refrigeration through the air flowing through the condenser 11 in the air-cooled heat exchanger. Therefore, the greater the air volume entering the equipment housing 27, the air-cooled heat exchange The better the cooling effect is.
  • the above-mentioned housing 27 is not equivalent to a completely sealed housing 27.
  • the negative pressure fan When the air is exhausted to the outside, the air in the external environment may enter the housing 27 through the gap. This small amount of air intake will not affect the overall negative pressure environment in the housing 27.
  • the speed of the negative pressure fan 26 or the pressure regulating device 32 the negative pressure environment in the housing 27 can be kept at a relatively stable pressure value. Therefore, it will not affect the evaporation effect of the atomized water, that is, it will not affect the refrigeration effect of the flash-type enclosed condenser.
  • the flash-type enclosed condenser promotes the evaporation of atomized water in a closed negative pressure environment, reduces the overall temperature in the shell 27 to reach the liquefaction critical temperature of carbon dioxide, promotes the liquefaction of carbon dioxide gas, and improves the refrigeration efficiency of the system .
  • the flash condenser solution shown in FIG. 9 includes a shell 27, which is rectangular in shape, surrounded by a plate structure, and a containing chamber is formed inside.
  • the bottom of the accommodating chamber is provided with a water atomization device
  • the top of the accommodating chamber is provided with a negative pressure fan 26
  • the middle of the accommodating chamber is provided with a heat exchange device 28.
  • the heat exchange device 28 is located in the water atomization device and the negative pressure fan 26. between.
  • the heat exchange device 28 is a coil type condenser tube, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant is cooled and condensed through the coil type condenser tube.
  • a second static pressure chamber 31 is formed between the heat exchange device 28 and the water atomization device, and a first static pressure chamber 30 is formed between the heat exchange device 28 and the negative pressure fan 26.
  • the negative pressure fan 26 continues to push the inside of the housing 27 The gas is discharged out of the housing 27, so that the second static pressure chamber 31 and the first static pressure chamber 30 form a uniform and stable negative pressure environment.
  • the water atomization device sprays the generated atomized water into the second static pressure chamber 31.
  • the atomized water quickly evaporates in the negative pressure environment of the second static pressure chamber 31, and the water mist phase changes to steam, which absorbs heat and causes
  • the ambient temperature in the casing 27 decreases; the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the heat exchange device 28 absorbs cold energy when passing through the low-temperature environment in the casing 27, thereby reducing the temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant.
  • the vapor evaporated in the second static pressure chamber 31 will pass through the heat exchange device 28 into the first static pressure chamber 30, and then exit the shell through the negative pressure fan 26 Body 27 outside.
  • the atomized water in the second static pressure cavity 31 continuously evaporates into steam, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged out of the housing 27 through the negative pressure fan 26 to complete cooling.
  • the pressure regulating device 32 can promote the flow of steam and atomized water in the housing 27.
  • the pressure regulating device 32 includes a slender pipe, which is arranged close to the water atomization device; the first end of the pipe is a closed end, and the first end extends into the second static pressure chamber 31, and the second The end is an open end, and the second end is located outside the housing 27; the part of the pipe fitting in the second static pressure chamber 31 has a plurality of air outlets scattered on the pipe wall.
  • a sealing cover is provided at the open end of the second end of the pipe fitting.
  • the air can be blocked by the sealing cover and the pressure regulating device 32 can be closed;
  • the sealing degree of the sealing cover By adjusting the sealing degree of the sealing cover, the amount of air entering can be controlled, and then the degree of flow of atomized water and steam in the second static pressure chamber 31 can be adjusted.
  • the shell 27 needs to prevent natural wind from entering the shell 27, which does not conflict with the pressure regulating device 32.
  • the pressure regulating device 32 can make the external natural wind enter the shell 27, the air volume that can enter is very small, which is similar to the natural wind that enters through the gap between the plate of the shell 27 and the plate.
  • the purpose of setting the pressure regulating device 32 is to promote the flow of atomized water and steam after the water has evaporated through the movement of the micro airflow, on the one hand, to speed up the steam from the second static pressure chamber 31 Movement to the first static pressure chamber 30 promotes the discharge of steam, and on the one hand promotes the evaporation of atomized water.
  • the small amount of natural air entering the housing 27 through the pressure regulating device 32 cannot achieve the effect of cooling the condenser 11 by itself, which is essentially different from the existing air-cooled heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange device 28 can achieve a cooling effect through radiation in a low temperature environment, and is not affected by the temperature and The influence of humidity can adapt to more areas with different environments;
  • the small particles of atomized water are dispersed and suspended in a gas medium to form a colloidal dispersion system to form an aerosol.
  • the dispersion medium of the aerosol is a gas
  • the viscosity of the gas is small, and the density of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium is different Large, the particles are easy to bond when they collide and the liquid particles evaporate, giving the aerosol its unique regularity. Aerosol particles have a relatively large specific surface and surface energy, which can quickly evaporate liquefied water and enhance the cooling effect.
  • the atomized water generated by the water atomization device flashes quickly in the negative pressure environment of the containing chamber, and the water mist is transformed into steam, which absorbs heat and reduces the ambient temperature in the housing 27.
  • the steam flashed by the atomized water can be discharged out of the shell 27 through the negative pressure fan 26, so that the atomized water in the containing chamber continuously evaporates into steam, releasing cold energy; the steam is continuously discharged from the shell through the negative pressure fan 26 27 to complete the refrigeration.
  • the substance can be cooled, lowered in temperature, and the like.
  • the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention has a small installed capacity and a small area occupied by the entire equipment, which is convenient for installation and saves space;
  • the flash-type enclosed condenser of the present invention achieves refrigeration completely through the evaporation of atomized water.
  • the process of water changing from liquid to gas can release cold refrigeration, and at the same time, the temperature of the steam discharged from the equipment will not rise, so In the refrigeration process, no heat is actually discharged into the atmosphere, and no heat island effect is generated. Not only the refrigeration efficiency is high, but the refrigeration effect is stable and reliable.
  • Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 The content of this embodiment includes the technical solutions of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. On the basis of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, in order to realize the use of carbon dioxide medium for refrigeration, it can also be switched to by a four-way reversing valve.
  • the carbon dioxide cooling and heating system includes a first four-way reversing valve 35, a second four-way reversing valve 36, a third four-way reversing valve 37, the first four-way
  • the four outlets of the reversing valve 35 are respectively connected to the inlet of the condenser 11, the inlet of the compressor 10, the outlet of the compressor 10, and the outlet of the evaporator 13 through gas pipes; two of the outlets of the second four-way reversing valve 36 respectively pass gas
  • the pipe is connected to the outlet of the condenser 11 and the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 14 (or the inlet of the accumulator 12), and the other two outlets are respectively connected to the two outlets of the third four-way reversing valve 37;
  • the third four-way reversing valve Two outlets of 37 are respectively connected to the outlet of the accumulator 12 and the inlet of the evaporator 13, and the other two outlets are respectively connected to the two outlets of the second four-way reversing valve
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the direction of carbon dioxide in the refrigeration mode.
  • the first four-way reversing valve 35 conducts the outlet of the compressor 10 and the inlet of the condenser 11, and the outlet of the evaporator 13 and the inlet of the compressor 10
  • the second four-way reversing valve 36 connects the outlet of the condenser 11 with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 14 (or the inlet of the accumulator 12), and the other two outlets are connected to the third four-way reversing valve 37;
  • third The four-way reversing valve 37 connects the outlet of the accumulator 12 with the inlet of the evaporator 13 and the other two outlets are connected to the second four-way reversing valve 36.
  • the first four-way reversing valve 35 conducts the outlet of the compressor 10 and the evaporator 13, and connects the inlet of the condenser 11 to the inlet of the compressor 10 Conduction;
  • the second four-way reversing valve 36 conducts the condenser 11 outlet and the third four-way reversing valve 37, and the third four-way reversing valve 37 and the gas-liquid separator 14 inlet (or the reservoir 12 Inlet) conduction;
  • the third four-way reversing valve 37 conducts the outlet of the accumulator 12 with the second four-way reversing valve 36, and conducts the evaporator 13 and the second four-way reversing valve 36.
  • the four-way reversing valve includes a valve body.
  • the valve body is provided with a first outlet 352, a second outlet 353, a third outlet 354, and a fourth outlet 355, and a gas channel is provided inside the valve body.
  • the gas channel connects the first outlet 352, the second outlet 353, the third outlet 354, and the fourth outlet 355.
  • the valve body is composed of an upper sealing plate 350 and a lower sealing plate 351 that cooperate with each other to facilitate assembly and maintenance.
  • the valve body is also provided with a valve cover 364, which can be opened to observe the inside of the four-way valve.
  • the valve body is provided with a first valve core component 356 and a second valve core component 357.
  • the first valve core component 356 and the second valve core component 357 can move inside the valve body to realize the conversion of the gas outlet communication relationship; the base 358 is fixed by a spring
  • the spool assembly can be moved.
  • the valve core assembly includes a spring 359, a valve core 360, a screw 361, a valve tube 362, and a sleeve 363.
  • the two ends of the screw 361 are respectively connected to two valve cores 360.
  • One end of the spring 359 is connected to one of the valve cores 360, and the other end Connected to the spring fixing base 358, the valve tube 362 is sleeved on the screw 361.
  • the side of the valve tube 362 facing the outlet has an open structure.
  • the open structure allows gas to enter the inside of the four-way reversing valve.
  • the valve core 360 is provided with a shaft sleeve 363 ,
  • the shaft sleeve 363 is matched with the valve tube 362, and the combination of the shaft sleeve 363 and the valve tube 362 can prevent carbon dioxide gas from passing through and play a sealing role.
  • the valve body includes a power gas source inlet 365, which is connected to a high-pressure power gas source (not shown), and the valve core assembly is pushed to move through the gas pressure change and the spring to cooperate to realize the conversion of the gas outlet communication relationship .
  • the switching of cooling and heating functions is realized by the on and off of the high-pressure gas power source.
  • the high-pressure gas power is a small branch gas drawn from the outlet of the compressor.
  • the small branch air pipe is equipped with a solenoid valve, and the solenoid valve is divided into two ways to connect.
  • the power air source inlet 365 at the sealing plate 350. As shown in FIG. 14, heating is achieved when the first valve core assembly 356 is drawn to the left and the second valve core assembly 357 is drawn to the right.
  • the solenoid valve installed in the small branch air pipe is electrically opened.
  • the first spool assembly 356 is drawn to the right and the second spool assembly 357 is drawn to the left. Cooling is achieved when it is The whole switching process is simple and reliable.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system is used to adjust the indoor temperature of the air conditioner, the cold source of the cold storage or the quick-freezing storage.
  • this embodiment provides a single-stage carbon dioxide refrigeration system including an overflow differential pressure valve, including an evaporator 13, a compressor 10, and a condenser 11 connected in sequence.
  • an overflow differential pressure valve including an evaporator 13, a compressor 10, and a condenser 11 connected in sequence.
  • an overflow differential pressure valve 38 is provided in between.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve 38 includes a differential pressure valve housing 382, a sealing gasket 380, a differential pressure valve inlet 383 and a differential pressure valve outlet 384, and the differential pressure valve inlet 383 is connected to the outlet of the condenser 11, and the differential pressure valve outlet 384 is connected to the accumulator 12;
  • the sealing gasket 380 is arranged in the cavity formed inside the differential pressure valve housing 382, the differential pressure valve inlet 383 and the differential pressure valve
  • the outlets 384 are all connected to the cavity inside the differential pressure valve housing 382, and the sealing gasket 380 can move in the differential pressure valve housing 382 according to pressure changes to realize the communication or resistance between the differential pressure valve inlet 383 and the differential pressure valve outlet 384.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve 38 also includes a differential pressure valve spring 381.
  • One end of the differential pressure valve spring 381 is connected to the sealing gasket 380, and the other end is fixed on the differential pressure valve housing 382.
  • the shape and pressure of the sealing gasket 380 are The cross-sectional shape of the cavity in the differential valve housing 382 matches, and the sealing gasket 380 can move back and forth with the compression or release of the differential pressure valve spring 381.
  • the relative position of the sealing gasket 380 and the differential pressure valve spring 381 determines the magnitude of the differential pressure of the carbon dioxide liquid coming out of the condenser 11. When the pressure difference changes, the balance of the force of the pressure difference valve spring 381 is broken, thereby driving the sealing gasket 380 to move, and the controlled differential pressure can be controlled to a set value.
  • the sealing gasket 380 and the differential pressure valve spring 381 in the overflow differential pressure valve 38 are affected by The resistance of the differential pressure valve is small, and the differential pressure valve spring 381 is released, so that the sealing gasket 380 is located between the differential pressure valve inlet 383 and the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38, that is, the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is in a closed state.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve 38 When the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is closed, the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the condenser 11 cannot be discharged through the overflow differential pressure valve 38, which will increase the pressure in the condenser 11 to increase the condensing pressure in the condenser 11.
  • the pressure received by the sealing gasket 380 and the differential pressure valve spring 381 in the overflow differential pressure valve 38 will gradually increase, and the differential pressure valve spring 381 will gradually be compressed at this time.
  • the gasket 380 will gradually move to the lower part of the differential pressure relief valve 38.
  • the gasket 380 moves to the lower part of the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38, so that The differential pressure valve inlet 383 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is connected to the differential pressure valve outlet 384.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve 38 is in an open state, and the carbon dioxide refrigerant can pass through the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the overflow differential pressure valve 38 Discharge into the reservoir 12.
  • the condensing pressure in the condenser 11 will gradually decrease.
  • the gasket 380 will move to overflow again under the push of the differential pressure valve spring 381
  • the upper end of the differential pressure valve outlet 384 of the differential pressure valve 38 closes the overflow differential pressure valve 38.
  • the existing carbon dioxide refrigeration system has insufficient condensation efficiency of the condenser 11, and the carbon dioxide condensation effect is not ideal, and the phenomenon that the condensation pressure of the condenser 11 is too high often occurs.
  • this embodiment preferably adopts a mechanical overflow differential pressure valve 38, through which the mechanical overflow differential pressure valve 38 controls and adjusts the condensation pressure of the condenser 11 to keep the condensation pressure within an appropriate range .
  • the mechanical overflow differential pressure valve 38 is not only simple in structure, low in cost and easy to maintain, but also can ensure the safe and efficient operation of the single-stage carbon dioxide refrigeration system of the present invention.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve 38 can adjust the condensing pressure in the condenser 11 to keep the condensing pressure within a proper range and ensure the normal operation of the system.
  • the overflow differential pressure valve 38 also has a certain throttling effect, which can reduce the pressure of carbon dioxide in stages, ensuring safe and efficient operation of the system.
  • the refrigeration system of this embodiment further includes a suction assembly 15.
  • the suction assembly 15 is a venturi tube, and the structure of the venturi tube is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • a conventional direct expansion refrigeration system usually controls the flow of refrigerant entering the evaporator 13 by adjusting the opening of the expansion valve 17 so that the refrigerant is fully vaporized in the evaporator 13.
  • this liquid supply method cannot make full use of the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13 and affects the cooling efficiency of the system.
  • the carbon dioxide refrigeration system of this embodiment includes a low-pressure circulation barrel 39.
  • the liquid outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 is connected to the inlet end of the evaporator 13, and the outlet end of the evaporator 13 is connected to the low-pressure circulation barrel.
  • 39 is in communication
  • the air outlet of the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 is in communication with the compressor 10
  • the regulating expansion valve 17 is arranged between the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 and the accumulator 12.
  • the opening of the expansion valve 17 can be adjusted to increase the flow of the carbon dioxide liquid, so that there is still a part of the low-pressure liquid that is not completely evaporated at the outlet end of the evaporator 13, so that the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13 can be fully utilized ;
  • the incompletely evaporated carbon dioxide liquid is temporarily stored in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 and will not enter the compressor 10, which not only makes full use of the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13, but also ensures the safe operation of the system.
  • a level gauge (not shown in the figure) may be provided in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 for measuring the level of the carbon dioxide liquid in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39.
  • the working process of the refrigerant cycle system is described in detail below in conjunction with the above description: adjust the opening of the expansion valve 17 and increase the flow rate of carbon dioxide liquid, so that the heat exchange area in the evaporator 13 is fully utilized.
  • the evaporation The outlet end of the evaporator 13 will flow out low-pressure carbon dioxide gas and low-pressure carbon dioxide liquid that is not completely evaporated; the carbon dioxide gas-liquid mixture flowing out of the outlet end of the evaporator 13 will enter the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 to complete the gas-liquid separation, and the gaseous carbon dioxide refrigerant is compressed
  • the machine 10 is drawn out, and the liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant is temporarily stored in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39; when the liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant in the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 accumulates to a certain amount, the level gauge reaches the set upper limit, reducing or suspending the supply of carbon dioxide liquid the amount.
  • the structure of the low-pressure circulation barrel 39 can make full use of the heat exchange area of the evaporator 13, enhance the heat exchange effect, improve the refrigeration efficiency of the system, and ensure the safe operation of the system.
  • the refrigerant circulation system has a simple structure and is convenient for control and operation. Stable and reliable.

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Abstract

二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法。二氧化碳制冷系统,包括顺次相连通的压缩机(10)、冷凝器(11)、储液器(12)和蒸发器(13);压缩机(10)和冷凝器(11)之间设置有抽吸组件(15),抽吸组件(15)与储液器(12)相连通或者与气液分离器(14)相连通,气液分离器(14)设置在冷凝器(11)和储液器(12)之间,储液器(12)或者气液分离器(14)中的二氧化碳气体能够通过抽吸组件(15)抽回压缩机(10)与冷凝器(11)之间的管道中。制冷系统可有效将气液分离,还能使部分液体闪发,使二氧化碳过冷;闪蒸式冷凝器(11)能够通过辐射达到制冷的效果,腔体内形成气溶胶,快速蒸发降温,增加制冷效率;制冷系统的结构简单、操作方便、安装和维护成本都较低。

Description

一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法 技术领域
本发明涉及制冷领域,特别涉及一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法。
背景技术
在制冷领域,目前国内外大多采用氟利昂作为制冷剂,但是氟利昂会破坏大气臭氧层,从而产生较高的温室效应。由于氨(R717)的不稳定性而且成本非常高,还会使制冷系统存在不安全因素,故氨(R717)也不是经济安全的制冷剂。随着国际社会对节能减排、环境保护方面的关注度不断加强,氟利昂制冷剂的淘汰步伐也随之加快,二氧化碳作为一种安全、环保的制冷剂,具有广泛的应用前景和可观的经济价值。但由于二氧化碳的固有特性,在工作温度高于临界温度时,无论施加多高的压力以及使用现有常规的风冷冷凝器、水冷冷凝器、蒸发冷冷凝器等均不能使二氧化碳充分液化,因而,极低的二氧化碳制冷效率限制了二氧化碳制冷系统的推广和应用。
为了提高二氧化碳制冷系统的制冷效率,现有的改进方法为,采用二氧化碳双级制冷系统、将二氧化碳作为低温级的复叠制冷系统以及将二氧化碳作为载冷剂的制冷系统。这些改进虽然能够在一定程度上提升二氧化碳侧制冷系统的能效表现,但系统结构复杂,成本高,不易调试和维护,整体制冷系统效率依然很低;且在复叠系统和载冷系统中,还需要加入其他制冷剂(如氟利昂)才能够维持系统正常运行,既无法充分利用天然工质二氧化碳作为制冷剂的优势,也不利于环境保护。
综上,基于二氧化碳制冷剂的特性,已经开展了广泛的研究,由于不同地域具有不同的温度和湿度,并且在冬夏两季差别巨大,目前还存在一个技术偏见,在环境温度高于二氧化碳临界值时,二氧化碳制冷系统很难用于大范围制冷。因此,怎么克服温度和湿度的变化对二氧化碳制冷系统的影响,一直属于研究的课题之一,而且冷凝后的二氧化碳液体可能会夹带部分气体,怎么将冷凝后的二氧化碳液体中的气体分离,同时还能够继续降低二氧化碳液体的温度,使二氧化碳液体过冷,是本发明的创研动机。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种结构简单、操作方便、安装和维护成本都较低、制冷效率高、能够调节二氧化碳液体温度的一种二氧化碳制冷系统及其制冷方法。
本发明提供的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其技术方案为:
一种二氧化碳制冷系统,包括顺次相连通的压缩机、冷凝器、储液器和蒸发器;压缩机和冷凝器之间设置有抽吸组件,抽吸组件与储液器相连通或者与气液分离器相连通,气液分离器设置在冷凝器和储液器之间,储液器或者气液分离器中的二氧化碳气体能够通过抽吸组件抽回压缩机与冷凝器之间的管道中。
优选地,抽吸组件包括第一接口、第二接口和第三接口,第一接口与压缩机相连通,第二接口与冷凝器相连通,第三接口与储液器相连通或者与气液分离器相连通。
优选地,抽吸组件是文丘里管或者多个文丘里管并联的文丘里组,气液分离器是浮球阀或者多个浮球阀串联的浮球阀组。
优选地,抽吸组件包括三通阀和负压泵,负压泵设置在第三接口与储液器或者气液分离器相连通的管道上,负压泵在储液器中或者在气液分离器中产生设定的负压。
优选地,冷凝管内的冷凝压力低于120Kg/cm 2,在气液分离器与抽吸组件之间设置有单向阀。
优选地,文丘里管包括顺次相连的收缩段、喉道和扩散段。
优选地,浮球阀包括设置在底部的两个接口和顶部的一个接口。
优选地,二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管和第一浮球阀,第一文丘里管设置在压缩机和冷凝器之间的管道上,第一浮球阀设置在冷凝器和储液器之间的管道上,第一文丘里管的喉道接口与第一浮球阀连接;
或者二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀,第一文丘里管设置在压缩机和冷凝器之间的管道上,第一浮球阀和第二浮球阀串联设置在冷凝器和储液器之间的管道上,第 一文丘里管的喉道接口与第一浮球阀连接,第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与冷凝器之间,第二文丘里管的喉道接口与第二浮球阀连接;
或者二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀、第三文丘里管、第三浮球阀,第一文丘里管设置在压缩机和冷凝器之间的管道上,第一浮球阀、第二浮球阀和第三浮球阀串联设置在冷凝器和储液器之间,第一文丘里管的喉道接口与第一浮球阀连接,第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与冷凝器之间,第二文丘里管的喉道接口与第二浮球阀连接;第三文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与第二浮球阀之间,第三文丘里管的喉道接口与第三浮球阀连接;
或者二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀、第三文丘里管,第一文丘里管设置在压缩机和冷凝器之间的管道上,第一浮球阀、第二浮球阀串联设置在冷凝器和储液器之间,第一文丘里管的喉道接口与第一浮球阀连接,第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与冷凝器之间,第二文丘里管的喉道接口与第二浮球阀连接;第三文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与第二浮球阀之间,第三文丘里管的喉道接口与储液器连接;
或者二氧化碳制冷系统包括一个文丘里管和一个以上的浮球阀,文丘里管设置在压缩机和冷凝器之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀串联联设置在冷凝器和储液器之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀全部连接到一个文丘里管的喉道接口。
优选地,冷凝器是闪蒸式冷凝器,闪蒸式冷凝器包括壳体、负压风机、换热装置和液体雾化装置,负压风机设置在壳体上,负压风机使壳体内部形成负压环境,液体雾化装置和换热装置设置在壳体内,液体雾化装置将雾化后的液体喷射到壳体内部,雾化液体在负压环境下蒸发为蒸汽,将换热装置内的二氧化碳介质冷凝液化。
优选地,负压风机的排风量大于壳体内雾化液体的蒸发量;壳体内的静压腔的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
冷凝管内的冷凝压力不高于二氧化碳临界压力,二氧化碳临界压力为74Kg/cm 2
优选地,负压风机与换热装置之间形成有第一静压腔,液体雾化装置与换热装置之间形成有第二静压腔,负压风机使第二静压腔内形成负压环境,液体雾化装置将雾化液体喷射到第二静压腔内,以使雾化液体蒸发为蒸汽。
优选地,闪蒸式冷凝器包括调压装置,调压装置的进气口设置在壳体外,出气口设置在壳体内,通过调压装置将调节气流送进壳体内,以促进壳体内蒸汽的流动,并在壳体内形成气溶胶;
或者调压装置是一个或多个风扇,风扇靠近液体雾化装置设置;
或者调压装置是负压风机通过蒸汽循环管路连接到壳体。
优选地,制冷系统包括四通换向阀,四通换向阀包括阀体,阀体上设置有第一出口、第二出口、第三出口、第四出口,阀体内部设置有气体通道,气体通道将第一出口、第二出口、第三出口、第四出口连通,阀体内设置有第一阀芯组件和第二阀芯组件,第一阀芯组件和第二阀芯组件能够在阀体内部移动实现气体出口连通关系的转换;通过高压动力气源产生的压力来将阀芯组件移动。
优选地,阀芯组件包括弹簧、阀芯、螺杆、阀管和轴套,螺杆的两端分别与两个阀芯连接,弹簧的一端与其中一个阀芯连接,另一端与弹簧固定底座连接,阀管套在螺杆上,阀管面向出口的一侧为开口结构,开口结构使得气体能够进入四通换向阀内部,阀芯上设置有轴套,轴套与阀管相配合,轴套与阀管组合后能够阻止二氧化碳气体通过;
阀体由相互配合的上封板和下封板构成,阀体上还设置有阀盖。
优选地,二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一四通换向阀、第二四通换向阀、第三四通换向阀,第一四通换向阀的四个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器入口、压缩机入口、压缩机出口、蒸发器出口;第二四通换向阀的其中两个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器出口、气液分离器入口,另外两个出口分别与第三四通换向阀的两个出口连接;第三四通换向阀的两个出口分别与储液器出口、蒸发器入口连接,另外两个出口分别与第二四通换向阀的两个出口连接。
优选地,在制冷模式下,第一四通换向阀将压缩机出口和冷凝器入口导通,将蒸发器出口与压缩机入口导通;第二四通换向阀将冷凝器出口与气液分离器入口导通,与第三四通换向阀导通;第三四通换向阀将储液器出口与蒸发器入口导通,与第二四通换向阀导通;
在制热模式下,第一四通换向阀将压缩机出口和蒸发器导通,将冷凝器入口与压缩机入口导通;第二四通换向阀将冷凝器出口与第三四通换向阀导通,将第三四通换向阀与气液分离器入口导通;第三四通换向阀将储液器出口与第二四通换向阀导通,将蒸发器与第二四通换向阀导通。
优选地,二氧化碳制冷系统用于调节室内温度的空调、用作冷库的冷源或者用于速冻库。
优选地,储存液态二氧化碳的储液器与二氧化碳消防管路连接,液态二氧化碳储液器设置在冻土层以下。
优选地,在冷凝器与储液器之间设置有溢流压差阀,溢流压差阀包括压差阀外壳、密封垫片、压差阀入口和压差阀出口,压差阀入口与冷凝器的压差阀出口相连通,压差阀出口与储液器相连通;密封垫片设置在压差阀外壳内部形成的空腔内,压差阀入口和压差阀出口均与压差阀外壳内部的空腔相连通,密封垫片根据压力的变化能够在压差阀外壳内移动,实现压差阀入口与压差阀出口的连通或阻断。
优选地,溢流压差阀还包括压差阀弹簧,压差阀弹簧的一端与密封垫片连接,另一端固定在压差阀外壳上,密封垫片的形状与压差阀外壳内空腔的截面形状相匹配,密封垫片能够随压差阀弹簧的压缩或释放往复移动。
优选地,二氧化碳制冷系统包括低压循环桶,低压循环桶的出液口与蒸发器的入口端相连通,蒸发器的出口端与低压循环桶相连通,低压循环桶的出气口与压缩机相连通。
本发明还提供一种以二氧化碳为介质的制冷方法,包括以下步骤:
1)压缩机将蒸发器中高温二氧化碳气体压缩到冷凝器中进行冷却;
2)通过抽吸组件将混在二氧化碳液体中的二氧化碳气体抽走,实现气液分离;抽吸组件使部分二氧化碳液体闪发,进行多级降温,使液态二氧化碳处于过冷状态;
3)将过冷二氧化碳液体引入储液器中备用。
优选地,步骤1)中,冷凝二氧化碳气体采用闪蒸式冷凝方式,实现二氧化碳在闪蒸式冷凝器内完全冷凝液化,闪蒸式冷凝方式为在密闭壳体中设置换热装置和液体雾化装置,在密闭壳体上设置负压风机,液体通过高压液体雾化装置喷出,形成比表面积大的雾化液体,散布在壳体容纳腔室内;在换热装置产生的辐射热的作用下,以及在负压风机产生的负压作用下,雾化液体小质点分散并悬浮在气体介质中形成气溶胶,使得雾化液体表面的水分子脱离雾滴本体,转变为蒸汽,带走热量;
步骤2)中,多级降温的方法是设置多个相互串联的浮球阀,二氧化碳液体依次通过浮球阀,浮球阀分别与抽吸组件连接,在抽吸力的作用下部分液体二氧化碳气化使剩余液体处于过冷状态,得到更低温度的液态二氧化碳。如此设置能够控制需要的二氧化碳液体的温度。
本发明的实施包括以下技术效果:
1、将抽吸组件设置在压缩机和冷凝器之间,可将储液器或者气液分离器中存储的二氧化碳(CO 2)气体抽出,并输送回冷凝器中进行再次冷凝,以提高二氧化碳气体的冷凝量;另一个作用是抽吸组件还能够使部分液体闪发,闪发后的二氧化碳能够带走一部分热量,能够继续降低液态二氧化碳的温度,使液态二氧化碳处于过冷状态。因为具有再次冷却功能,如此结构设置降低了当外界温度和湿度过高时,冷凝器的效率降低后对系统造成的影响,从而提高系统的制冷效率。因为冷凝器内的温度可以采用低于二氧化碳临界值的温度,环境温度高于二氧化碳临界值时,也能够液化部分二氧化碳液体,再通过抽吸组件的二次降温功能就能够得到需要的二氧化碳液体,如果采用本发明的闪蒸式冷凝器,就能够克服外界环境温度和湿度的影响。
2、整个制冷系统采用天然工质二氧化碳作为唯一制冷剂,即使泄露也不会对生态环境造成任何破坏;由于二氧化碳临界温度较低,只有31.06℃,系统跨临界循环时效率较低,本发明通过设置抽吸组件和闪蒸式冷凝器,能够将二氧化碳充分制冷,并得到需要的过冷度。本发明选用的二氧化碳介质,自然含量高,来源广泛,成本低,价格便宜。对环境友好(ODP=0,GWP=1),具有良好的安全性,无毒,不可燃,单位容积制冷量大,是氟利昂的4~8倍。
3、抽吸组件和气液分离器构成的单级或者多级降温系统,能够将液态二氧化碳降低到需要的温度,而且结构简单、操作方便、安装和维护成本都较低。
4、本发明改进后的闪蒸式冷凝器具有以下技术效果:
1)、通过在封闭的负压环境中促进雾化液体的蒸发,使封闭环境内的整体温度降低,换热装置可在低温环境中通过辐射达到制冷的效果,不受外界自然风的温度和湿度的影响,可适应更多不同环境的地区使用;在负压环境下,雾化液体小质点分散并悬浮在气体介质中形成的胶体分散体系,形成气溶胶,由于气溶胶的 分散介质是气体,气体的粘度小,分散相与分散介质的密度差很大,质点相碰时极易粘结以及液体质点的挥发,使气溶胶有其独特的规律性。气溶胶质点有相当大的比表面和表面能,可以使液化液体快速蒸发,提升制冷效果。液体雾化装置产生的雾化液体在容纳腔室的负压环境中快速闪蒸,由液体雾相变为蒸汽,吸收热量,使壳体内的环境温度降低。雾化液体闪蒸出的蒸汽可通过负压风机排出壳体外,由此,容纳腔室内的雾化液体不断蒸发为蒸汽,释放冷量;蒸汽再不断通过负压风机排出壳体外,以完成制冷。利用壳体内的低温环境,可以对物质进行冷却、降温等。
2)、由于在制冷过程中不需要与外界环境对流换热,所以本发明的闪蒸式封闭冷凝器装机容量小,设备整体所占用的场地小,既方便安装,又节约空间;
3)、本发明的闪蒸式封闭冷凝器完全通过雾化液体蒸发实现制冷,液体由液态变为气态的过程既能够释放冷量制冷,同时设备排出的蒸汽的温度也不会升高,因此在制冷过程中实际上没有热量排放到大气中,不会产生热岛效应,不仅制冷效率高,且制冷效果稳定可靠。
附图说明
图1为本发明的二氧化碳制冷系统系统结构示意图。
图2为第一种抽吸组件(文丘里管)结构示意图。
图3为第二种抽吸组件(三通阀和负压泵)结构示意图。
图4为三个并联的抽吸组件(文丘里管组)结构示意图。
图5为一级降温组件结构示意图。
图6为二级降温组件结构示意图。
图7为三级降温组件结构示意图。
图8为另一种连接结构的二级降温组件结构示意图。
图9为闪蒸式冷凝器方案一结构示意图。
图10为闪蒸式冷凝器方案二结构示意图。
图11为闪蒸式冷凝器方案三结构示意图。
图12为高压四通换向阀立体结构示意图。
图13为高压四通换向阀内部结构示意图。
图14为制热模式下四通换向阀截面示意图。
图15为制冷模式下四通换向阀截面示意图。
图16为本发明的二氧化碳制冷系统在制冷模式下的结构示意图。
图17为本发明的二氧化碳制冷系统在制热模式下的结构示意图。
图18为另一种连接结构的降温组件结构示意图。
图19为抽吸组件直接连接到储液器的结构示意图。
图20为本发明含有溢流压差阀的二氧化碳制冷系统系统结构示意图。
图21为本发明含有溢流压差阀和文丘里管的二氧化碳制冷系统系统结构示意图。
图22为溢流压差阀结构示意图。
图23为本发明含有低压循环桶的二氧化碳制冷系统系统结构示意图。
图中:10、压缩机;11、冷凝器;12、储液器;13、蒸发器;14、气液分离器;15、抽吸组件;150、第一接口;151、第二接口;152、第三接口;153、收缩段;154、喉道;155、扩散段;156、负压泵;16、电磁阀;17、调节膨胀阀;18、单向阀;20、第一文丘里管;21、第二文丘里管;22、第三文丘里管;23、第一浮球阀;24、第二浮球阀;25、第三浮球阀;26、负压风机;27、壳体;28、换热装置、29、液体雾化装置;30、第一静压腔;31、第二静压腔;32、调压装置;33、补水装置;34、蒸汽循环管路;35、第一四通换向阀;350、上封板;351、下封板;352、第一出口;353、第二出口;354、第三出口;355、第四出口;356第一阀芯组件;357、第二阀芯组件;358、弹簧固定底座;359、弹簧;360、阀芯;361、螺杆;362、阀管;363、轴套;364、阀盖;365、动力气源接入口;36、第二四通换向阀;37、第三四通换向阀;38、溢流压差阀;380、密封垫片;381、压差阀弹簧;382、压差阀外壳、383、压差阀入口;384、压差阀出口;39、低压循环桶。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例以及附图对本发明加以详细说明,需要指出的是,所描述的实施例仅旨在便于对本发明的理解,而对其不起任何限定作用。
实施例1
参见图1所示,本实施例提供的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,包括顺次相连通的压缩机10、冷凝器11、储液器12和蒸发器13,压缩机10排出的二氧化碳气体进入冷凝器11后被冷凝为液体储存在储液器12中,二氧化碳液体在蒸发器13中蒸发制冷后流回压缩机10中反复利用,实现二氧化碳的循环;压缩机10和冷凝器11之间设置有抽吸组件15,抽吸组件15与储液器12相连通(图19所示)或者与气液分离器14相连通(图1所示),气液分离器14设置在冷凝器11和储液器12之间,储液器12或者气液分离器14中的二氧化碳气体能够通过抽吸组件15抽回压缩机10与冷凝器11之间的管道中,重新进入冷凝器11继续冷凝。气液分离器14能够通过液体,气体不能够通过。
本实施例中,将抽吸组件15设置在压缩机10和冷凝器11之间,可将储液器12或者气液分离器14中存储的二氧化碳气体抽出,并输送回冷凝器11中进行再次冷凝,以提高二氧化碳气体的冷凝量;另一个作用是抽吸组件15还能够使部分液体闪发,闪发后的二氧化碳能够带走一部分热量,能够继续降低液态二氧化碳的温度,使液态二氧化碳处于过冷状态。因为具有再次冷却功能,如此结构设置降低了当外界温度和湿度过高时,冷凝器11的效率降低后对系统造成的影响,从而提高系统的制冷效率。因为冷凝器内的温度可以采用低于二氧化碳临界值的温度,环境温度高于二氧化碳临界值时,也能够液化部分二氧化碳液体,再通过抽吸组件的二次降温功能就能够得到需要的二氧化碳液体,如果采用本发明的闪蒸式冷凝器,就能够克服外界环境温度和湿度的影响。
本实施例中,压缩机10不断将蒸发器13中的二氧化碳气体抽出,使蒸发器13内的环境维持在低温低压状态,以促进液态二氧化碳的持续气化制冷,同时,压缩机10对抽出的二氧化碳气体进行压缩,使二氧化碳气体的温度和压力大幅度升高,以便于提高与冷凝器11的热交换效率;高温高压的二氧化碳气体进入冷凝器11,并在冷凝器11中冷却降温,一部分气态二氧化碳冷凝为液体,形成低温高压的二氧化碳气液混合物。二氧化碳气液混合物进入储液器12或者气液分离器14中,并在储液器12或者气液分离器14中完成气液分离。
参见图2和图3所示,抽吸组件15包括第一接口150、第二接口151和第三接口152,第一接口150与压缩机10相连通,第二接口151与冷凝器11相连通,第三接口152与储液器12相连通或者与气液分离器14相连通。第一接口150和第二接口151用于将压缩机10和冷凝器11连通,第三接口152使得抽吸组件15将气液分离器14或浮球阀中的气体二氧化碳抽回,再流入冷凝器11中进行冷却降温。
具体地,参见图2和图4所示,抽吸组件15是文丘里管或者多个文丘里管并联的文丘里管组,文丘里管包括顺次相连的收缩段153、喉道154和扩散段155,抽吸组件15的第一接口150与收缩段153连通设置,第二接口151与扩散段155连通设置,第三接口152与喉道154连通设置。制冷系统中的压缩机10也可以包括一个压缩机10或者两个以上并联的压缩机组;蒸发器13也可以为一个蒸发器13或者两个以上的蒸发器13组;可根据实际需要设置。参见图4所示,抽吸组件15与压缩机10之间设置有电磁阀16,抽吸组件15与气液分离器14之间设置有单向阀18。通过设置电磁阀16和单向阀18,能够保证系统的安全运行,单向阀还可以防止高温二氧化碳气体进入气液分离器。
参见图2所示,作为一种示例,文丘里管为中空的短圆柱形,收缩段153为中空的锥形管,为逐渐收缩变窄的结构;收缩段153的后部连接有喉道154,喉道154为中空的细圆柱形,喉道154的直径小于入口段的直径;喉道154的后部连接有扩散段155,扩散段155为中空的锥形管,与喉道154相衔接的一端较窄,远离喉道154的一端逐渐扩大变粗。
在文丘里管的喉道154处设置用于吸气的第三接口152,第三接口152与气液分离器14或者储液器12相连通,在制冷系统运行过程中,文丘里管可自动抽吸储液器12中的二氧化碳气体,使储液器12中的二氧化碳气体再次进入冷凝器11进行二次冷凝,以转化成更多的二氧化碳液体,存储在储液器12中。
结合以上对文丘里管的结构的描述,对文丘里管的工作原理进行详细说明。
文丘里管是基于文丘里效应的一种应用形式,文丘里效应是指,受限流动在通过缩小的过流断面时,流 体出现流速增大的现象,其流速与过流断面成反比。通俗地讲,这种效应是指,在高速流动的流体附近会产生低压,从而产生吸附作用。文丘里管就是通过把气流由粗变细,加快气体流速;高速流动的气体附近产生低压,会使文丘里管的内部形成负压环境,负压环境会对相连通的外部环境产生一定的吸附作用。
具体的,如图1和图2所示,经压缩机10压缩后的二氧化碳气体在进入冷凝器11前,会先经过文丘里管,二氧化碳气体首先由文丘里管的进气口进入入口段,在通过收缩段153时,由于管道的直径逐渐变小,使气流由粗变细,因此气体的流动速度逐渐加快。二氧化碳气体在进入喉道154时流速达到最高,此时基于文丘里效应,喉道154内的二氧化碳气体的附近会产生低压,使喉道154内形成负压环境。喉道154与气液分离器14或者储液器12内存储二氧化碳气体的空间相连通,在喉道154内负压环境的吸附作用下,储液器12内的二氧化碳气体会被抽吸至文丘里管中,与压缩机10压缩后的二氧化碳气体一起进入文丘里管的扩散段155内,以减小气体的流速。由于压缩机10压缩后的二氧化碳气体连续不断地通过文丘里管,因此储液器12中的二氧化碳气体也会连续不断地流入文丘里管内,与压缩机10压缩后的二氧化碳气体一起进入冷凝器11中进行换热冷凝。
此外,还需要特别说明的是,上述文丘里管在工作过程中不需要提供额外的动力,即无需添加如电机一类的动力组件,完全依靠二氧化碳自身物性即可实现循环工作。二氧化碳本身具有临界压力高(处于气态状态时的压力较高)、临界温度低(在较低温度下更易保持在气态状态)的特性,与其它制冷剂相比,二氧化碳制冷剂在文丘里管内的流速更高,产生的低压更低,使文丘里管内的负压环境具有更强的吸附效果,因此,二氧化碳制冷剂的自身物性能够维持和促进抽吸组件15的快速高效运行。
基于上述抽吸组件15的循环工作,气液分离器14或者储液器12中的二氧化碳气体可连续不断地重复进入冷凝器11中换热冷凝,以提高二氧化碳制冷剂的液化量,使气液分离器14或者储液器12中得到更多的液态二氧化碳,进而提高制冷系统的制冷效率。
同时,由于气液分离器14或者储液器12中的二氧化碳气体被不断抽出,会导致气液分离器14或者储液器12内的压力变小,此时,会有部分液态二氧化碳闪发为气体,以维持气液分离器14或者储液器12内整体环境压力的平衡。这部分液态二氧化碳在闪发为气体的过程中会吸收热量,使气液分离器14或者储液器12中剩余的液态二氧化碳温度降低,即增大了剩余液态二氧化碳的过冷度,进一步提高了制冷系统的制冷效率。
同时,由于气液分离器14或者储液器12内的闪发二氧化碳气体为低温气体(约13℃),在文丘里管内与压缩机10压缩后的高温二氧化碳气体(约90℃)混合时,会使高温二氧化碳气体的温度降低,也就是说,在高温二氧化碳气体进入冷凝器11内冷凝之前,先进行了一次降温,降温后的气体再进入冷凝器11中进行冷却,能够提高冷凝器11的冷凝效率,进一步促进二氧化碳气体冷凝液化。
综上,由文丘里管构成的抽吸组件15使本发明的二氧化碳制冷系统具有以下优点:
1、通过将文丘里效应与二氧化碳的自身物性相结合,在不增加动力组件、不影响压缩机10效率的前提下,使储液器12中的气态二氧化碳重复冷凝,提高系统制冷效率;
2、增大储液器12中液态二氧化碳的过冷度,提高系统制冷效率;
3、与现有二氧化碳制冷系统相比,结构更加简单,运行效果稳定,能够实现二氧化碳单级循环制冷。
作为另一种实施方式,参见图3所示,抽吸组件15包括三通阀和负压泵156,负压泵156设置在第三接口152与储液器12或者气液分离器14相连通的管道上,负压泵156在储液器12中或者在气液分离器14中产生设定的负压。负压泵156选择小型可调节的负压泵156,能够调整压力,从而将气态二氧化碳抽走,并且设定的负压值能够使液态二氧化碳闪发,从而能够精确调节液态二氧化碳的过冷度。
冷凝管内的冷凝压力大于30Kg/cm2,小于120Kg/cm2,在气液分离器14与抽吸组件15之间设置有单向阀18。冷凝器11内的冷凝压力需要保持在一个合适的范围内(通常为低于120Kg/cm2,高于蒸发压力30~40Kg/cm2),冷凝压力过高,会影响系统的安全运行,冷凝压力过低,会影响系统的正常运行。单向阀18能够使冷凝压力保持在合适的范围内,保证系统的正常运行。
参见图5至图8所示,气液分离器14是浮球阀或者多个浮球阀串联的浮球阀组。浮球阀能够使二氧化碳液体通过,但是二氧化碳气体不能通过,达到气液分离的目的。浮球阀包括设置在底部的两个接口和顶部的一个接口,底部的两个接口分别与冷凝器11和储液器12连接;顶部的一个接口与抽吸组件15连接。如此设置使得气液两相的液体在浮球阀腔体内部分离,气液两相的温度均匀。
参见图5所示,二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管20和第一浮球阀23,第一文丘里管20设置在压缩机10和冷凝器11之间的管道上,第一浮球阀23设置在冷凝器11和储液器12之间的管道上,第一文丘里管20的喉道154接口与浮球阀连接。
参见图6所示,二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管20、第一浮球阀23、第二文丘里管21、第二浮球阀24,第一文丘里管20设置在压缩机10和冷凝器11之间的管道上,第一浮球阀23和第二浮球阀24串联设置在冷凝器11和储液器12之间的管道上,第一文丘里管20的喉道154接口与第一浮球阀23连接,第二文丘里管21设置在第一浮球阀23与冷凝器11之间,第二文丘里管21的喉道154接口与第二浮球阀24连接。
参见图7所示,二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管20、第一浮球阀23、第二文丘里管21、第二浮球阀24、第三文丘里管22、第三浮球阀25,第一文丘里管20设置在压缩机10和冷凝器11之间的管道上,第一浮球阀23、第二浮球阀24和第三浮球阀25串联设置在冷凝器11和储液器12之间,第一文丘里管20的喉道154接口与第一浮球阀23连接,第二文丘里管21设置在第一浮球阀23与冷凝器11之间,第二文丘里管21的喉道154接口与第二浮球阀24连接;第三文丘里管22设置在第一浮球阀23与第二浮球阀24之间,第三文丘里管22的喉道154接口与第三浮球阀25连接。
参见图18所示,二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管20、第一浮球阀23、第二文丘里管21、第二浮球阀24、第三文丘里管22,第一文丘里管20设置在压缩机10和冷凝器11之间的管道上,第一浮球阀23、第二浮球阀24串联设置在冷凝器11和储液器12之间,第一文丘里管20的喉道154接口与第一浮球阀23连接,第二文丘里管21设置在第一浮球阀23与冷凝器11之间,第二文丘里管21的喉道154接口与第二浮球阀24连接;第三文丘里管22设置在第一浮球阀23与第二浮球阀24之间,第三文丘里管22的喉道154接口与储液器12连接。储液罐与蒸发器13之间设置有调节膨胀阀17。
参见图8所示,二氧化碳制冷系统包括一个文丘里管和一个以上的浮球阀,文丘里管组设置在压缩机10和冷凝器11之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀串联联设置在冷凝器11和储液器12之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀全部连接到一个文丘里管的喉道154接口。
进一步地,储存液态二氧化碳的储液器与二氧化碳消防管路连接,液态二氧化碳储液器设置在冻土层以下。将制冷系统中的液态二氧化碳用作消防灭火的介质,降低消防建设成本;地面冻土层以下一般恒温在15℃左右,低于二氧化碳临界温度的31.06℃,如此可以确保储罐内二氧化碳的温度为15℃,保持二氧化碳为恒温的液态,储存成本低廉。二氧化碳用于灭火,不会对物品造成二次破坏,具有天然优势,相同体积的储存罐,液态储存比气态储存的量多很多,灭火面积更大。
本实施例还提供了一种以二氧化碳为介质的制冷方法,包括以下步骤:
1)压缩机10将蒸发器13中高温二氧化碳气体压缩到冷凝器11中进行冷却得到二氧化碳气液混合物或超临界流体。
2)将冷却后的气液混合物或超临界流体进行气液分离和降温;通过抽吸组件15将混在二氧化碳液体中的二氧化碳气体抽走,通过抽吸组件15使部分二氧化碳液体闪发,进行多级降温,使液态二氧化碳处于过冷状态或者使超临界流体变为液体;多级降温的方法是设置多个相互串联的浮球阀,二氧化碳液体依次通过浮球阀,浮球阀分别与抽吸组件15连接,在抽吸力的作用下依次降温。如此设置能够控制需要的二氧化碳液体的温度。
3)将稍微过冷的二氧化碳液体引入储液器12中备用。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同点是,本实施例的冷凝器明确为闪蒸式冷凝器,系统形式流程与实施例1中例子相同。以二氧化碳为冷却介质的制冷系统中,由于二氧化碳的临界点较低,目前无法解决当外界温度过高时无法将气态二氧化碳液化,本领域一直存在偏见,以二氧化碳为介质的制冷系统无法用于大范围制冷,不能广泛使用,本发明申请人一直在研究以二氧化碳为制冷介质的制冷系统,第一代研制出地源式冷凝技术,已经广泛使用,经过多年的研究,又研究出新的闪蒸式冷凝技术,解决了冷凝二氧化碳介质用于制冷的这一技术难题,使二氧化碳冷凝压力不高于其临界压力并且完全冷凝液化,通过多级经济器的过冷,使冷凝温度远低于其临界温度31℃。
本实施例还提供了一种基于闪蒸式冷凝器以二氧化碳为介质的制冷方法,包括以下步骤:
1)压缩机10将蒸发器13中高温二氧化碳气体压缩到冷凝器11中冷凝得到二氧化碳液体;冷凝二氧化碳气体采用闪蒸式冷凝方式,闪蒸式冷凝方式为在密闭壳体中设置换热装置和液体雾化装置,在密闭壳体上设置负压风机,液体通过高压液体雾化装置喷出,形成比表面积大的雾化液体,散布在壳体容纳腔室内;在换热装置产生的辐射热的作用下,以及在负压风机产生的负压作用下,雾化液体小质点分散并悬浮在气体介质中形成气溶胶,使得雾化液体表面的水分子脱离雾滴本体,转变为蒸汽,带走热量。多次试验及应用表明,本实施例闪蒸式冷凝器能够完全液化二氧化碳。
2)将完全冷凝后的二氧化碳液体进行过冷降温;通过抽吸组件15将气液分离器中部分液体吸热气化抽走,进而使剩余二氧化碳液体降温,经过多级降温后,使液态二氧化碳处于过冷状态;多级降温的方法是设置多个相互串联的浮球阀,二氧化碳液体依次通过浮球阀,浮球阀分别与抽吸组件15连接,在抽吸力的作用下依次降温。如此设置能够控制需要的二氧化碳液体的温度。
3)将过冷二氧化碳液体引入储液器12中备用。
参见图9和图10所示,冷凝器11是闪蒸式冷凝器,闪蒸式冷凝器包括壳体27、负压风机26、换热装置28和液体雾化装置29,负压风机26设置在壳体27上,负压风机26使壳体27内部形成负压环境,液体雾化装置29和换热装置28设置在壳体27内,液体雾化装置29将雾化后的液体喷射到壳体27内部,雾化液体在负压环境下蒸发为蒸汽,将换热装置28内的二氧化碳介质完全冷凝液化。换热装置28优选翅片冷凝管,冷凝管分层交叉并呈一定倾斜角度布置。
进一步地,负压风机26的排风量大于壳体27内雾化液体的蒸发量。一方面可充分排出壳体27内的蒸汽,以提高雾化液体的蒸发效率,另一方面可保持壳体27内的负压环境。壳体27内的静压腔的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。冷凝管内的冷凝压力不高于二氧化碳临界压力,二氧化碳临界压力为74Kg/cm 2
参见图9和图10所示,负压风机26与换热装置28之间形成有第一静压腔30,液体雾化装置29与换热装置28之间形成有第二静压腔31,负压风机26使第二静压腔31内形成负压环境,液体雾化装置29将雾化液体喷射到第二静压腔31内,以使雾化液体蒸发为蒸汽。
参见图9所示,闪蒸式冷凝器包括调压装置32,调压装置32的进气口设置在壳体27外,出气口设置在壳体27内,可通过调压装置32将调节气流送进壳体27内,以促进壳体27内蒸汽的流动,并在壳体27内形成气溶胶。
参见图10所示,调压装置32也可以为一个或多个风扇,风扇靠近液体雾化装置29设置,风扇转动可促进壳体27内蒸汽及雾化液体的流动。
参见图11所示,负压风机26通过蒸汽循环管路34连接到壳体27。使得部分蒸汽被重复利用,引入的该部分蒸气替代外界少量风作为分散介质使雾化的小水滴(分散相)悬浮形成气溶胶环境,该例证实了不引入外界风闪蒸式冷凝器依然可以运行,即完全杜绝了外界环境温度、湿度对闪蒸式冷凝器的影响。
具体地,液体雾化装置29包括供液体管道,供液体管道设置在壳体27的底部,与壳体27外的液体箱或液体管相连通,持续向壳体27内供液体;供液体管道可为单条直线形管路,也可为两条或多条管路并排设置,或采用单条管路环绕成盘状设置。供液体管道上分散设置有多个高压雾化喷嘴,供液体管道中的液体可通过高压雾化喷嘴喷出,形成雾状的雾化液体,散布在容纳腔室内。当然,也可将高压雾化喷嘴替换为超声波雾化器,以形成雾化液体。优选地,高压雾化喷嘴均朝向换热装置28所在方向设置,以便使雾化水更好的喷射向换热装置28。当然,也可将高压雾化喷嘴替换为超声波雾化器,以形成雾化水。
本发明中的液体优先使用水,经济划算,以下以水为例进行说明。液体雾化装置29包括补水装置33,优选软化水补水装置,能够去除钙、镁等无机盐类物质,水通过软化水补水装置的处理,已经没有外界杂质的进入,最大程度避免了冷凝管结垢,增加了冷凝管的使用寿命。液体雾化装置29将每一滴水雾化成原水滴体积的1/500左右,形成微米级或纳米级的水雾,使其与空气接触面积加大,蒸发速度加快300倍以上;细化的水滴从液态到气态吸收的热量则为水升温1℃吸热的540倍左右,可以达到吸收大幅度热量的作用,大大强化换热效果。
除了调压装置32外,壳体27处于封闭状态,壳体27内的环境能够保持在稳定的低温状态,温度低于二氧化碳的液化临界温度。闪蒸式封闭冷凝器的基本冷却原理为:在封闭环境中,促进水由液态蒸发为气态,释放冷量。其中,促进水蒸发的因素主要有:1)水的表面积越大,越利于水的蒸发;2)所处环境的负压值越大,水分子之间越容易相互脱离,形成蒸汽;3)温度越高,水的蒸发越快。
基于上述冷却原理,闪蒸式封闭冷凝器促进水由液态蒸发为气态的具体方案有:
第一,采用水雾化装置将水雾化为小雾滴,雾滴状的水表面积大大增加,能够加速蒸发,同时,雾滴状的水运动活跃,能够在壳体27内四散飘动,加速换热蒸发。
第二,壳体27与负压风机26相配合,使壳体27内的第二静压腔31和第一静压腔30始终保持负压环境,使第二静压腔31内的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上,此时原本已经雾化为小雾滴的水,其表面的水分子更容易脱离雾滴本体,转变为蒸汽。这里的环境大气压是指,闪蒸式封闭冷凝器所处的工作环境的大气压值。
第三,流入冷凝器11内的二氧化碳制冷剂会在壳体27内吸收冷量放出热量,完成换热,此时冷凝器11会产生辐射热,因此当雾滴靠近冷凝器11时会在辐射热的作用下加速蒸发,进一步吸收二氧化碳制冷剂的热量,使其降温。
此外,未完全蒸发为蒸汽的小雾滴在经过冷凝器11时,还可以通过直接与冷凝器11接触的方式进行热交换,达到辅助降温制冷的作用。由于水雾化成雾滴后体积变小,因此更容易四散飘动,这就使雾滴的流动性加快,能够快速与冷凝器11完成热交换;且小体积的雾滴在直接接触换热的过程中又有大部分吸热蒸发为蒸汽,大大提高了制冷效率。
需要特别说明的是,与现有的风冷式换热器原理不同,闪蒸式封闭冷凝器采用的壳体27是封闭式的,壳体27是为了抑制室外风进入壳体27内,防止壳体27内进入过多的室外风,影响壳体27内雾化水的蒸发。而现有的风冷式换热器恰恰相反,是通过风流经风冷式换热器中的冷凝器11实现换热制冷,因此进入设备壳体27内的风量越大,风冷式换热器的制冷效果越好。
需要补充说明的是,上述的壳体27不等同于完全密封的壳体27,在实际生产中,板材与板材之间或板材与各组成部件之间的接缝处可能存在缝隙,当负压风机26向外排风时,外界环境中的空气可能会通过缝隙进入壳体27内。这种少量的进气不会影响壳体27内整体的负压环境,通过调节负压风机26的转速或调压装置32,能够使壳体27内的负压环境处于一个相对稳定的压力值,因此不会对雾化水的蒸发效果产生影响,即不会影响闪蒸式封闭冷凝器的制冷效果。
闪蒸式封闭冷凝器通过在封闭的负压环境中促进雾化水的蒸发,使壳体27内的整体温度降低,以达到二氧化碳的液化临界温度以下,促进二氧化碳气体液化,提高系统的制冷效率。
具体的,如图9所示的闪蒸式冷凝器的方案,包括壳体27,壳体27呈矩形,由板件结构围成,内部形成有容纳腔室。容纳腔室的底部设置有水雾化装置,容纳腔室的顶部设置有负压风机26,容纳腔室的中部设置有换热装置28,换热装置28位于水雾化装置和负压风机26之间。优选地,换热装置28为盘管式冷凝管,二氧化碳制冷剂通过该盘管式冷凝管进行降温冷凝。
换热装置28与水雾化装置之间形成有第二静压腔31,换热装置28与负压风机26之间形成有第一静压腔30,负压风机26持续将壳体27内的气体排出壳体27外,使第二静压腔31和第一静压腔30内形成均匀稳定的负压环境。
水雾化装置将产生的雾化水喷射到第二静压腔31内,雾化水在第二静压腔31的负压环境中快速蒸发,由水雾相变为蒸汽,吸收热量,使壳体27内的环境温度降低;换热装置28内的二氧化碳制冷剂在通过壳体27内的低温环境时吸收冷量,从而使二氧化碳制冷剂降低温度。
由于第一静压腔30内也为负压环境,因此在第二静压腔31内蒸发后的蒸汽会穿过换热装置28进入第一静压腔30,再通过负压风机26排出壳体27外。由此,第二静压腔31中的雾化水不断蒸发为蒸汽,释放冷量;蒸汽再不断的通过负压风机26排出壳体27外,完成制冷。
进一步,调压装置32可促进壳体27内蒸汽及雾化水的流动。具体的,调压装置32包括一根细长的管件,管件靠近水雾化装置设置;管件的第一端为封闭端,第一端伸入至第二静压腔31内,管件的第二端为开放端,第二端位于壳体27外;管件位于第二静压腔31内的部分,管壁上分散开设有多个出气孔。当闪蒸式封闭冷凝器工作时,少量的室外空气可通过管件的第二端进入管件内,并通过多个出气孔吹向水雾化装置,使第二静压腔31内的雾化水及蒸汽加速流动,促进雾化水蒸发及蒸汽的排出。
管件的第二端开放端处设置有密封盖,当不需要促进第二静压腔31内的雾化水及蒸汽流动时,可通过加盖密封盖阻挡空气进入,关闭调压装置32;也可以通过调节密封盖的密封度,控制空气的进入量,进而调节第二静压腔31内雾化水及蒸汽的流动程度。
需要补充说明的是,基于上述的闪蒸式封闭冷凝器的基本制冷原理,壳体27需要抑制外界自然风进入壳体27内部,这与调压装置32并不冲突。第一,调压装置32虽然能够使外界自然风进入壳体27内,但是,这种可进入的风量非常小,与上述的通过壳体27板材与板材之间的缝隙进入的自然风相类似,都不会影响设备的正常运行;第二,调压装置32设置的目的是,通过微气流的运动促进雾化水及水蒸发后的蒸汽流动,一方面加快蒸汽由第二静压腔31向第一静压腔30运动,促进蒸汽排出,一方面促进雾化水蒸发。也就是说,通过调压装置32进入壳体27内的少量自然风本身不能达到冷却冷凝器11的效果,这与现有的风冷式换热器有着本质区别。
闪蒸式冷凝器具有以下技术效果:
1、通过在封闭的负压环境中促进雾化水的蒸发,使封闭环境内的整体温度降低,换热装置28可在低温环境中通过辐射达到制冷的效果,不受外界自然风的温度和湿度的影响,可适应更多不同环境的地区使用;
在负压环境下,雾化水小质点分散并悬浮在气体介质中形成的胶体分散体系,形成气溶胶,由于气溶胶的分散介质是气体,气体的粘度小,分散相与分散介质的密度差很大,质点相碰时极易粘结以及液体质点的挥发,使气溶胶有其独特的规律性。气溶胶质点有相当大的比表面和表面能,可以使液化水快速蒸发,提升制冷效果。在实际应用中,考虑到外界风方便易取,故通过引入少量风作为雾化水小质点悬浮的气体介质,为证实闪蒸式冷凝器不受外界进入少许空气的温度湿度影响,也可从负压风机出口引入部分蒸汽作为气体介质,如图11所示。
水雾化装置产生的雾化水在容纳腔室的负压环境中快速闪蒸,由水雾相变为蒸汽,吸收热量,使壳体27内的环境温度降低。雾化水闪蒸出的蒸汽可通过负压风机26排出壳体27外,由此,容纳腔室内的雾化水不断蒸发为蒸汽,释放冷量;蒸汽再不断通过负压风机26排出壳体27外,以完成制冷。利用壳体27内的低温环境,可以对物质进行冷却、降温等。
2、由于在制冷过程中不需要与外界环境对流换热,所以本发明的闪蒸式封闭冷凝器装机容量小,设备整体所占用的场地小,既方便安装,又节约空间;
3、本发明的闪蒸式封闭冷凝器完全通过雾化水蒸发实现制冷,水由液态变为气态的过程既能够释放冷量制冷,同时设备排出的蒸汽的温度也不会升高,因此在制冷过程中实际上没有热量排放到大气中,不会产生热岛效应,不仅制冷效率高,且制冷效果稳定可靠。
实施例3
本实施例的内容包括实施例1和实施例2的技术方案,在实施例1和实施例2的基础上,为实现将二氧化碳介质用于制冷的同时,还能够通过四通换向阀切换为制热模式,参见图16和图17所示,二氧化碳制冷制热系统包括第一四通换向阀35、第二四通换向阀36、第三四通换向阀37,第一四通换向阀35的四个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器11入口、压缩机10入口、压缩机10出口、蒸发器13出口;第二四通换向阀36的其中两个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器11出口、气液分离器14入口(或者储液器12入口),另外两个出口分别与第三四通换向阀37的两个出口连接;第三四通换向阀37的两个出口分别与储液器12出口、蒸发器13入口连接,另外两个出口分别与第二四通换向阀36的两个出口连接。
图16为在制冷模式下的二氧化碳走向示意图,在制冷模式下,第一四通换向阀35将压缩机10出口和冷凝器11入口导通,将蒸发器13出口与压缩机10入口导通;第二四通换向阀36将冷凝器11出口与气液分离器14入口(或者储液器12入口)导通,另外两个出口与第三四通换向阀37导通;第三四通换向阀37将储液器12出口与蒸发器13入口导通,另外两个出口与第二四通换向阀36导通。
参见图17为在制热模式下的二氧化碳走向示意图,在制热模式下,第一四通换向阀35将压缩机10出口和蒸发器13导通,将冷凝器11入口与压缩机10入口导通;第二四通换向阀36将冷凝器11出口与第三四通换向阀37导通,将第三四通换向阀37与气液分离器14入口(或者储液器12入口)导通;第三四通换向阀37将储液器12出口与第二四通换向阀36导通,将蒸发器13与第二四通换向阀36导通。
由于二氧化碳的高压特性,现有的四通换向阀承受的压力有限,不适用于二氧化碳制冷系统,因此需要设计一种能够适应压差大的二氧化碳系统的四通换向阀。参见图12和图13所示,四通换向阀包括阀体,阀体上设置有第一出口352、第二出口353、第三出口354、第四出口355,阀体内部设置有气体通道,气体通道将第一出口352、第二出口353、第三出口354、第四出口355相连通,阀体由相互配合的上封板350和下封板351构成,方便组装和维护。阀体上还设置有阀盖364,可以打开阀盖364观察四通阀内部。
阀体内设置有第一阀芯组件356和第二阀芯组件357,第一阀芯组件356和第二阀芯组件357能够在阀体内部移动实现气体出口连通关系的转换;通过弹簧固定底座358能够将阀芯组件移动。阀芯组件包括弹簧359、阀芯360、螺杆361、阀管362和轴套363,螺杆361的两端分别与两个阀芯360连接,弹簧359的一端与其中一个阀芯360连接,另一端与弹簧固定底座358连接,阀管362套在螺杆361上,阀管362面向出口的一侧为开口结构,开口结构使得气体能够进入四通换向阀内部,阀芯360上设置有轴套363,轴套363与阀管362相配合,轴套363与阀管362组合后能够阻止二氧化碳气体通过,起到密封作用。
阀体包括动力气源接入口365,动力气源接入口365与高压动力气源(未视出)连接,通过气体压力的变化和弹簧相互配合推动阀芯组件移动,实现气体出口连通关系的转换。冷热功能切换是通过高压气体动力源的通断来实现的,高压气体动力是从压缩机出口引出的一小分支气体,该小分支气管安装有电磁阀,电磁阀后分成两路接入上封板350处动力气源接入口365。参见图14所示,第一阀芯组件356划向左侧、第二阀芯组件357划向右侧时实现制热。参见图15所示,制冷时,小分支气管安装的电磁阀电打开,当引入的气源压力大于弹簧力时,第一阀芯组件356划向右侧、第二阀芯组件357划向左侧时实现制冷。整个切换过程简单可靠。
二氧化碳制冷系统用于调节室内温度的空调、用于冷库的冷源或者用于速冻库。
实施例4
在上述实施例的基础上,参见图20所示,本实施例提供了一种包含溢流压差阀的单级二氧化碳制冷系统,包括顺次相连的蒸发器13、压缩机10、冷凝器11和储液器12,鉴于冷凝器11中的冷凝压力会出现过低或过高的情况,因此,需要控制压差、控制冷凝压力,本实施例中,在冷凝器11与储液器12之间设置有溢流压差阀38,参见图22所示,溢流压差阀38包括压差阀外壳382、密封垫片380、压差阀入口383和压差阀出口384,压差阀入口383与冷凝器11的出口相连通,压差阀出口384与储液器12相连通;密封垫片380设置在压差阀外壳382内部形成的空腔内,压差阀入口383和压差阀出口384均与压差阀外壳382内部的空腔相连通,密封垫片380根据压力的变化能够在压差阀外壳382内移动,实现压差阀入口383与压差阀出口384的连通或阻断。
具体地,溢流压差阀38还包括压差阀弹簧381,压差阀弹簧381的一端与密封垫片380连接,另一端固定在压差阀外壳382上,密封垫片380的形状与压差阀外壳382内空腔的截面形状相匹配,密封垫片380可随压差阀弹簧381的压缩或释放往复移动。密封垫片380与压差阀弹簧381的相对位置确定了经冷凝器11出来的二氧化碳液体的差压值的大小。当压差变化时,压差阀弹簧381力的平衡被破坏,从而带动密封垫片380运动,可以控制被控差压值为设定值。
当冷凝器11冷凝压力过低时,则溢流压差阀38压差阀入口383一侧的压力较低,此时溢流压差阀38内的密封垫片380和压差阀弹簧381受到的阻力小,压差阀弹簧381释放,使密封垫片380位于溢流压差阀38的压差阀入口383和压差阀出口384之间,即溢流压差阀38处于关闭状态。溢流压差阀38关闭时,冷凝器11中的二氧化碳制冷剂无法通过溢流压差阀38排出,会使冷凝器11中的压力增大,以提高冷凝器11中的冷凝压力。
当冷凝器11中的压力逐渐升高时,溢流压差阀38中的密封垫片380和压差阀弹簧381受到的压力也逐渐增大,此时压差阀弹簧381会逐渐被压缩,密封垫片380会逐渐向溢流压差阀38的下部移动。当冷凝器11中的压力升高至适宜工作的冷凝压力时(高于蒸发压力30~40Kg/cm 2),密封垫片380移动至溢流压差阀38压差阀出口384的下部,使溢流压差阀38的压差阀入口383和压差阀出口384相连通,此时溢流压差阀38处于打开状态,二氧化碳制冷剂可通过溢流压差阀38的压差阀出口384排出,进入储液器12中。
随着二氧化碳制冷剂通过溢流压差阀38排出,冷凝器11中的冷凝压力会逐渐下降,当冷凝压力过低时,密封垫片380在压差阀弹簧381的推动下再次移动至溢流压差阀38压差阀出口384的上端,使溢流压差阀38关闭。如此往复,可使冷凝器11中的压力始终保持在适宜的范围内,确保冷凝器11高效运行。
需要特别说明的是,现有二氧化碳制冷系统由于冷凝器11的冷凝效率不够高,二氧化碳冷凝效果不理想,常常会发生冷凝器11冷凝压力过高的现象,为了检测并控制冷凝压力,与现有的二氧化碳制冷系统不同的是,本实施例优选采用的是机械溢流压差阀38,通过机械溢流压差阀38控制和调整冷凝器11的冷凝压力,使冷凝压力保持在适宜的范围内。机械溢流压差阀38不仅结构简单,成本低,易于维护,同时能够保证本实用新型的单级二氧化碳制冷系统安全高效运行。溢流压差阀38能够调节冷凝器11内的冷凝压力, 使冷凝压力保持在合适的范围内,保证系统的正常运行。此外,溢流压差阀38还具有一定的节流作用,节流作用能够将二氧化碳进行分级降压,确保系统安全高效的运行。
参见图21所示,本实施例的制冷系统还包括抽吸组件15,抽吸组件15是文丘里管,文丘里管的结构与实施例1相同。
高速旋转的压缩机10内,如果出现液态冷媒,会对压缩机10造成严重损毁。因此,为了确保安全运行,传统的直膨式制冷系统通常会通过调节膨胀阀17的开度,控制进入蒸发器13的制冷剂的流量,以使制冷剂在蒸发器13内充分气化。但这种供液方式无法充分利用蒸发器13的换热面积,影响系统的制冷效率。
具体地,参见如22所示,本实施例的二氧化碳制冷系统包括低压循环桶39,低压循环桶39的出液口与蒸发器13的入口端相连通,蒸发器13的出口端与低压循环桶39相连通,低压循环桶39的出气口与压缩机10相连通,调节膨胀阀17设置在低压循环桶39与储液器12之间。如此设置,可以调节调节膨胀阀17的开度,加大二氧化碳液体的流量,使蒸发器13的出口端仍有一部分未完全蒸发的低压液体,如此可使蒸发器13的换热面积得到充分利用;未完全蒸发的二氧化碳液体暂存在低压循环桶39中,不会进入到压缩机10内,既充分利用了蒸发器13的换热面积,又能够确保系统的安全运行。此外,在低压循环桶39内可以设置有液位计(图中未视出),用于测量低压循环桶39内的二氧化碳液体的液面高度。
下面结合上述的描述,对制冷剂循环系统的工作过程进行详细说明:调节膨胀阀17的开度,加大二氧化碳液体的流量,使蒸发器13内的换热面积得到充分利用,此时,蒸发器13的出口端会流出低压二氧化碳气体,以及未完全蒸发的低压二氧化碳液体;蒸发器13出口端流出的二氧化碳气液混合物会进入低压循环桶39中完成气液分离,气态的二氧化碳制冷剂被压缩机10抽出,液态的二氧化碳制冷剂暂存在低压循环桶39中;当低压循环桶39中的液态二氧化碳制冷剂累积到一定量时,液位计达到所设上限,减小或暂停二氧化碳液体的供应量。
低压循环桶39结构能够使蒸发器13的换热面积得到充分利用,增强了换热效果,提高系统的制冷效率,同时保证系统的安全运行,且制冷剂循环系统的结构简单,方便控制,运行稳定可靠。
需要说明的是,在本发明的描述中可能出现的术语“正面/背面”、“上/下”、“左/右”、“竖直/水平”、“内/外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。为叙述方便,下文中所称的“左”“右”“上”“下”与附图本身的左、右、上、下方向一致,但并不对本发明的结构起限定作用。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种二氧化碳制冷系统,包括顺次相连通的压缩机、冷凝器、储液器和蒸发器;其特征在于:所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间设置有抽吸组件,所述抽吸组件与所述储液器相连通或者与所述气液分离器相连通,所述气液分离器设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间,所述储液器或者所述气液分离器中的二氧化碳气体能够通过抽吸组件抽回压缩机与冷凝器之间的管道中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述抽吸组件包括第一接口、第二接口和第三接口,所述第一接口与所述压缩机相连通,所述第二接口与所述冷凝器相连通,所述第三接口与所述储液器相连通或者与所述气液分离器相连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述抽吸组件是文丘里管或者多个文丘里管并联的文丘里组,所述气液分离器是浮球阀或者多个浮球阀串联的浮球阀组。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述抽吸组件包括三通阀和负压泵,所述负压泵设置在第三接口与储液器或者气液分离器相连通的管道上,所述负压泵在所述储液器中或者在气液分离器中产生设定的负压。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:冷凝管内的冷凝压力低于120Kg/cm 2,在气液分离器与抽吸组件之间设置有单向阀。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述文丘里管包括顺次相连的收缩段、喉道和扩散段。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述浮球阀包括设置在底部的两个接口和顶部的一个接口。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管和第一浮球阀,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间的管道上,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接;
    或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀和所述第二浮球阀串联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间的管道上,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接,所述第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与所述冷凝器之间,所述第二文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第二浮球阀连接;
    或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀、第三文丘里管、第三浮球阀,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀、所述第二浮球阀和所述第三浮球阀串联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接,所述第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与所述冷凝器之间,所述第二文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第二浮球阀连接;所述第三文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与第二浮球阀之间,所述第三文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第三浮球阀连接;
    或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一文丘里管、第一浮球阀、第二文丘里管、第二浮球阀、第三文丘里管,所述第一文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,所述第一浮球阀、所述第二浮球阀串联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间,所述第一文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第一浮球阀连接,所述第二文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与所述冷凝器之间,所述第二文丘里管的喉道接口与所述第二浮球阀连接;所述第三文丘里管设置在第一浮球阀与第二浮球阀之间,所述第三文丘里管的喉道接口与所述储液器连接;
    或者所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括一个文丘里管和一个以上的浮球阀,所述文丘里管设置在所述压缩机和所述冷凝器之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀串联联设置在所述冷凝器和所述储液器之间的管道上,一个以上的浮球阀全部连接到一个文丘里管的喉道接口。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述冷凝器是闪蒸式冷凝器,所述闪蒸式冷凝器包括壳体、负压风机、换热装置和液体雾化装置,所述负压风机设置在所述壳体上,所述负压风机使壳体内部形成负压环境,所述液体雾化装置和所述换热装置设置在所述壳体内,所述液体雾化装置将雾化后的液体喷射到壳体内部,雾化液体在负压环境下蒸发为蒸汽,将换热装置内的二氧化碳介质完全冷凝液化。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述负压风机的排风量大于壳体内 雾化液体的蒸发量;所述壳体内的静压腔的压力低于环境大气压20Pa以上。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:冷凝管内的冷凝压力不高于二氧化碳临界压力,二氧化碳临界压力为74Kg/cm 2
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述负压风机与所述换热装置之间形成有第一静压腔,液体雾化装置与换热装置之间形成有第二静压腔,负压风机使第二静压腔内形成负压环境,液体雾化装置将雾化液体喷射到第二静压腔内,以使雾化液体蒸发为蒸汽。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述闪蒸式冷凝器包括调压装置,所述调压装置的进气口设置在壳体外,出气口设置在壳体内,通过调压装置将调节气流送进壳体内,以促进壳体内蒸汽的流动,并在壳体内形成气溶胶;
    或者所述调压装置是一个或多个风扇,风扇靠近液体雾化装置设置;
    或者所述调压装置是负压风机通过蒸汽循环管路连接到壳体。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述制冷系统包括四通换向阀,所述四通换向阀包括阀体,所述阀体上设置有第一出口、第二出口、第三出口、第四出口,所述阀体内部设置有气体通道,气体通道将第一出口、第二出口、第三出口、第四出口连通,所述阀体内设置有第一阀芯组件和第二阀芯组件,所述第一阀芯组件和所述第二阀芯组件能够在阀体内部移动实现气体出口连通关系的转换;通过高压动力气源产生的压力来将阀芯组件移动。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:阀芯组件包括弹簧、阀芯、螺杆、阀管和轴套,所述螺杆的两端分别与两个阀芯连接,所述弹簧的一端与其中一个阀芯连接,另一端与弹簧固定底座连接,所述阀管套在所述螺杆上,阀管面向出口的一侧为开口结构,开口结构使得气体能够进入四通换向阀内部,所述阀芯上设置有轴套,所述轴套与所述阀管相配合,轴套与阀管组合后能够阻止二氧化碳气体通过。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括第一四通换向阀、第二四通换向阀、第三四通换向阀,所述第一四通换向阀的四个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器入口、压缩机入口、压缩机出口、蒸发器出口;所述第二四通换向阀的其中两个出口分别通过气体管道连接到冷凝器出口、气液分离器入口,另外两个出口分别与所述第三四通换向阀的两个出口连接;所述第三四通换向阀的两个出口分别与储液器出口、蒸发器入口连接,另外两个出口分别与所述第二四通换向阀的两个出口连接。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:在制冷模式下,第一四通换向阀将压缩机出口和冷凝器入口导通,将蒸发器出口与压缩机入口导通;第二四通换向阀将冷凝器出口与气液分离器入口导通,另外两个出口与第三四通换向阀导通;第三四通换向阀将储液器出口与蒸发器入口导通,另外两个出口与第二四通换向阀导通;
    在制热模式下,第一四通换向阀将压缩机出口和蒸发器导通,将冷凝器入口与压缩机入口导通;第二四通换向阀将冷凝器出口与第三四通换向阀导通,将第三四通换向阀与气液分离器入口导通;第三四通换向阀将储液器出口与第二四通换向阀导通,将蒸发器与第二四通换向阀导通。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统用于调节室内温度的空调、用作冷库的冷源或者用于速冻库。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:储存液态二氧化碳的储液器与二氧化碳消防管路连接,液态二氧化碳储液器设置在冻土层以下。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:在所述冷凝器与所述储液器之间设置有溢流压差阀,所述溢流压差阀包括压差阀外壳、密封垫片、压差阀入口和压差阀出口,所述压差阀入口与所述冷凝器的压差阀出口相连通,所述压差阀出口与所述储液器相连通;所述密封垫片设置在所述压差阀外壳内部形成的空腔内,所述压差阀入口和所述压差阀出口均与压差阀外壳内部的空腔相连通,所述密封垫片根据压力的变化能够在压差阀外壳内移动,实现所述压差阀入口与所述压差阀出口的连通或阻断。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述溢流压差阀还包括压差阀弹簧,所述压差阀弹簧的一端与所述密封垫片连接,另一端固定在所述压差阀外壳上,所述密封垫片的形状 与所述压差阀外壳内空腔的截面形状相匹配,所述密封垫片能够随压差阀弹簧的压缩或释放往复移动。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳制冷系统,其特征在于:所述二氧化碳制冷系统包括低压循环桶,所述低压循环桶的出液口与所述蒸发器的入口端相连通,所述蒸发器的出口端与所述低压循环桶相连通,所述低压循环桶的出气口与所述压缩机相连通。
  23. 一种以二氧化碳为介质的制冷方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    1)压缩机将蒸发器中高温二氧化碳气体压缩到冷凝器中进行冷却;
    2)通过抽吸组件将混在二氧化碳液体中的二氧化碳气体抽走,实现气液分离;抽吸组件使部分二氧化碳液体闪发,进行多级降温,使液态二氧化碳处于过冷状态;
    3)将过冷二氧化碳液体引入储液器中备用。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的一种以二氧化碳为介质的制冷方法,其特征在于:
    步骤1)中,冷凝二氧化碳气体采用闪蒸式冷凝方式,实现二氧化碳在闪蒸式冷凝器内完全冷凝液化,闪蒸式冷凝方式为在密闭壳体中设置换热装置和液体雾化装置,在密闭壳体上设置负压风机,液体通过高压液体雾化装置喷出,形成比表面积大的雾化液体,散布在壳体容纳腔室内;在换热装置产生的辐射热的作用下,以及在负压风机产生的负压作用下,雾化液体小质点分散并悬浮在气体介质中形成气溶胶,使得雾化液体表面的水分子脱离雾滴本体,转变为蒸汽,带走热量;
    步骤2)中,多级降温的方法是设置多个相互串联的浮球阀,二氧化碳液体依次通过浮球阀,浮球阀分别与抽吸组件连接,在抽吸力的作用下部分液体二氧化碳气化使剩余液体处于过冷状态,得到更低温度的液态二氧化碳。
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