WO2021007987A1 - 一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂及其原位生长制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂及其原位生长制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2021007987A1
WO2021007987A1 PCT/CN2019/113190 CN2019113190W WO2021007987A1 WO 2021007987 A1 WO2021007987 A1 WO 2021007987A1 CN 2019113190 W CN2019113190 W CN 2019113190W WO 2021007987 A1 WO2021007987 A1 WO 2021007987A1
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mips
mofs
catalyst
volume ratio
situ growth
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French (fr)
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万金泉
丁苏
马邕文
王艳
闫志成
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华南理工大学
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Publication of WO2021007987A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021007987A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/1691—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF]
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    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
    • B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
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    • C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
    • C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution control, and specifically relates to a MOFs/MIPs catalyst and an in-situ growth preparation method and application thereof.
  • Dimethyl phthalate is a typical refractory organic pollutant commonly found in water bodies, mostly from industries such as dyes, pesticides, coking, pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, plastics, food processing, and cosmetics production.
  • the process mainly through the direct discharge of domestic sewage, the output of the sewage treatment plant, the reuse of sludge, landfill, landfill, agriculture and animal husbandry, and aquaculture, etc., enter the surface water and groundwater, with low content, stable structure, and heterogeneous It has a large body, long half-life, high toxicity, and usually has strong lipophilicity and hydrophobicity.
  • oxidation technology is mainly used to degrade DMP.
  • This technology is fast and consumes less energy.
  • due to the large number of catalytic active sites provided it will cause the oxidation system to generate a rapid release rate of free radicals and generate a large amount of free radicals instantly.
  • the oxidation system is heterogeneous, multi-component, and low in concentration, resulting in the inability to quickly contact free radicals with pollutants.
  • a large number of free radicals are directly quenched without use, and the free radicals cannot effectively oxidize pollutants, resulting in high treatment costs. Pollution degradation efficiency is low.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a MOFs/MIPs catalyst and its in-situ growth preparation method and application.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of low efficiency and high cost in the treatment of difficult-to-degrade pollutants DMP in wastewater, and provides a method for preparing MOFs/MIPs by in-situ growth method and target oxidative degradation of DMP in water. Remove the target environmental pollutants in the wastewater and ensure the safety of the water environment.
  • the invention discloses a method for preparing MOFs/MIPs by using an in-situ growth method and targeted oxidative degradation of DMP in water.
  • bulk polymerization is used to prepare hydrophobic hemispherical imprinted polymers (MIPs).
  • MIPs are used as the substrate, and metal organic frameworks with catalytically active centers are embedded on the surface by in-situ growth method.
  • Organic Frameworks, MOFs), MIPs provide specific pores complementary to the template molecule in size, shape, and functional group, target recognition, adsorption of pollutants, and local enrichment of pollutants.
  • the catalytic active sites of MOFs catalyze and activate the oxidant to generate strong oxidizing free radicals to degrade pollutants, thereby achieving targeted degradation of pollutants.
  • the mass transfer process between free radicals and pollutants is greatly shortened, and the degradation efficiency is improved.
  • the hydrophobic MIPs substrate can also enhance the stability of MOFs.
  • the block catalyst also avoids the problem of difficult recovery of traditional water treatment catalysts and is easy for practical applications.
  • the in-situ growth preparation method of MOFs/MIPs catalyst provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Pre-polymerization reaction mix template molecules, functional monomers and porogens, ultrasonically disperse them uniformly, and then perform pre-polymerization reactions to obtain pre-polymerized reaction products;
  • step (2) Prepare the hemispherical imprinted polymer by bulk polymerization: mix the crosslinker, initiator and the prepolymerized reactants described in step (1) uniformly to obtain a mixed solution, and then heat in a water bath to perform polymerization reaction to obtain water bath heating After the reaction product (hemispherical imprinted polymer), after Soxhlet extracts and elutes the template molecule, it is dried to obtain the imprinted polymer;
  • the template molecule in step (1) is dimethyl phthalate (dimethyl phthalate) phthalate, DMP), the template molecule is a target pollutant (DMP), the functional monomer is methacrylic acid (MAA); the volume ratio of the template molecule (DMP) to the functional monomer (MAA) 2:1-4:1; the porogen is acetonitrile, the volume ratio of the template molecule (DMP) to the porogen is 1:120-1:130; the reaction time of the pre-polymerization is 0.5- 1.5h, the temperature of the pre-polymerization reaction is 3-5°C.
  • the volume ratio of the template molecule (DMP) to the functional monomer (MAA) is 3:1; the volume ratio of the template molecule (DMP) to the porogen (acetonitrile) is 1:125 .
  • the pre-polymerization reaction time in step (1) is 1 h, and the reaction temperature is 4°C.
  • the acetonitrile is an analytical grade reagent with a purity of more than 99.0%.
  • the crosslinking agent in step (2) is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, EGDMA), the volume ratio of the crosslinking agent (EGDMA) of step (2) to the template molecule (DMP) of step (1) is 1:34-1:36; the initiator of step (2) It is azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); the mass-volume ratio of the initiator in step (2) to the porogen in step (1) is 0.05-0.15:1 g/mL.
  • EGDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
  • DMP template molecule
  • AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
  • the mass-volume ratio of the initiator in step (2) to the porogen in step (1) is 0.05-0.15:1 g/mL.
  • the volume ratio of the crosslinking agent in step (2) to the template molecule DMP in step (1) is 1:35.
  • the mass-volume ratio of the initiator in step (2) to the porogen in step (1) is 0.1:1 g/mL.
  • the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and azobisisobutyronitrile described in step (2) are both analytically pure reagents with a purity of more than 98%.
  • the heating temperature of the water bath in step (2) is 55-65° C.
  • the heating time of the water bath is 23-25 h.
  • the heating temperature of the water bath in step (2) is 60° C.
  • the heating time of the water bath is 24 hours.
  • step (2) a mixture of methanol and acetic acid is used to perform Soxhlet extraction on the reaction product heated in the water bath, so as to elute the template molecules on the reaction product heated in the water bath, and empty the The specific recognition site of the template molecule on the reaction product heated in the water bath (that is, the hole complementary to the template molecule DMP in size, shape, and functional group, which can target and adsorb target pollutants in sewage);
  • the volume ratio of methanol and acetic acid is 8:1-10:1.
  • the methanol and acetic acid are both analytically pure reagents with a purity of more than 99.5%.
  • the volume ratio of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid to dimethylformamide (DMF) in step (3) is 1:175-1:185 g/mL, and the ferrous chloride and
  • the mass-volume ratio of dimethylformamide (DMF) is 1:87.5-1:92.5 g/mL; the volume ratio of dimethylformamide (DMF) to water is 17:1-19:1;
  • the volume ratio of dimethylformamide (DMF) to methanol is 17:1-19:1;
  • the mass volume ratio of the imprinted polymer to dimethylformamide (DMF) is 1:8-1:9 g/ mL.
  • the mass-volume ratio of the 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid to the amount of DMF in step (3) is 1:180 g/mL, and the mass-volume ratio of the amount of ferrous chloride to DMF is 1: 90 g/mL, the volume ratio of DMF to water is 18:1, and the volume ratio of DMF to methanol is 18:1.
  • the mass-volume ratio of the imprinted polymer to DMF is 1:8.5 g/mL.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment in step (3) is 110-120° C.
  • the time of the heat treatment is 23-25 h.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment in step (3) is 115° C., and the time of the heat treatment is 24 hours.
  • step (3) is all washing with dimethylformamide; the soaking time in methanol is 1 to 3 hours.
  • the present invention provides a MOFs/MIPs catalyst prepared by the above-mentioned in-situ growth method.
  • MOFs/MIPs catalyst provided by the invention can be applied to targeted oxidation and degradation of DMP in wastewater.
  • the method for applying the MOFs/MIPs catalyst provided by the present invention to the targeted oxidation degradation of DMP in wastewater includes the following steps:
  • the MOFs/MIPs catalyst is added to the waste water to be treated, and then fully oscillated to perform a specific adsorption reaction. After the adsorption is balanced, an oxidant is added to perform targeted degradation of the pollutant DMP in an advanced oxidation system.
  • the added amount of the MOFs/MIPs catalyst is 1.2-4.8 g/L (that is, 1.2-4.8 g of MOFs/MIPs catalyst is added per liter of wastewater).
  • MOFs are porous coordination polymers with a periodic infinite network structure formed by the self-assembly of inorganic metal centers (metal ions/clusters) and organic ligands through coordination and bridging, organic ligands Acting as an electron donor to provide a lone pair of electrons, a metal ion/cluster as an electron acceptor to provide an empty electron orbital, a coordination polyhedron is connected into a ring structure unit to form a hole, a group of ring structure units are connected in a predetermined way to form a closed channel, and then Extend and accumulate in two- or three-dimensional directions to form a uniform and ordered network structure or three-dimensional structure.
  • metal ions/clusters organic ligands Acting as an electron donor to provide a lone pair of electrons
  • a metal ion/cluster as an electron acceptor to provide an empty electron orbital
  • a coordination polyhedron is connected into a ring structure unit to form a hole
  • Controllability is a major feature of MOFs materials.
  • Organic ligands and metal ions/clusters of different sizes, shapes, and coordination structures through a certain synthesis method, which can self-assemble to obtain active centers and geometric structures required for catalytic reactions Ordered crystals.
  • Carboxylic and pyridine anions are the mainstream coordination functional groups, which can be connected to different organic groups to realize the adjustment of the pore geometry, for example, connect with benzene ring to realize the linear and triangular expansion of ligands, and connect with sp 3 hybrid carbon atoms to realize four-sided Body expansion.
  • Different metal ions can control the catalytic activity of MOFs.
  • MOFs are an ideal catalyst.
  • the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) used are a class of materials with directional adsorption function.
  • the “bulk” polymerization method is a method for preparing MIPs (different from the “bulk polymerization” in polymer chemistry that does not contain reaction solvents, in the field of molecular imprinting, the volume of solvent in the "bulk” polymerization generally accounts for 50% of the total volume of the reaction system. ⁇ 80%). Because the "bulk” polymerization has easy control of reaction conditions and simple reaction process, the synthesized MIPs have irregular shapes and have good adsorption and selectivity to template molecules.
  • the invention discloses a method for preparing MIPs by using bulk polymerization; the method uses MIPs as a substrate, and inserts MOFs with catalytic active centers on the surface by in-situ growth method, shortens the mass transfer process, improves the efficiency of targeted degradation, and realizes While organic pollutants are highly selectively adsorbed and degraded, the hydrophobic MIPs substrate can also enhance the stability of MOFs; in addition, the MOFs/MIPs catalyst prepared by this method is a kind of block catalyst, which can avoid the difficult recovery of traditional water treatment catalysts And other issues.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the molecularly imprinted polymer is prepared by the "bulk” polymerization method; the “bulk” polymerization method has the advantages of easy control of reaction conditions, simple and convenient reaction process, etc.; synthesis in the process
  • the MIPs are irregular in shape and have good adsorption and selectivity to the template molecules; the prepared MIPs have specific adsorption properties and can target the target pollutant molecules for target recognition, adsorption and local enrichment;
  • the in-situ growth preparation method provided by the present invention loads MOFs on the surface of hemispherical MIPs.
  • the MOFs used are controllable and have Lewis acidic active sites with unsaturated coordination, which can efficiently catalyze and activate oxidants to produce strong oxidation. Free radicals; in addition, the functional groups (such as -Br, -NH 2 , -CHO, etc.) carried by the organic ligands of MOFs provide a good structural basis for bonding and embedding target groups on the surface to achieve functionalization.
  • Imprinted polymers are a type of hydrophobic compound.
  • the in-situ growth preparation method provided by the present invention uses the combination of MIPs and MOFs to create MOFs.
  • the hydrophobic effect of the local microenvironment enhances the stability of MOFs;
  • the MOFs/MIPs catalyst provided by the present invention has a hemispherical shape. Compared with the MOFs catalysts that are mostly powdered in the current research stage, the MOFs/MIPs catalysts provided by the present invention can solve the problem of difficult catalyst recycling. , Is beneficial to practical applications.
  • Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of MOFs/MIPs materials
  • FIG. 1 shows the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum of MOFs/MIPs materials
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the targeted degradation of DMP and its structural analogs by MOFs/MIPs.
  • This example compares the effects of different reaction conditions on the effect of MIPs on the adsorption of DMP.
  • a method for preparing MIPs includes the following steps:
  • the reaction conditions were controlled to the following 6 types (as shown in Table 1 below).
  • Pre-MIPs-1 6 kinds of pre-polymerized reactants were obtained, named Pre-MIPs-1, Pre-MIPs-2, Pre-MIPs-3, Pre-MIPs-4, Pre-MIPs-5 and Pre-MIPs-6;
  • Preparation of hemispherical MIPs by bulk polymerization the crosslinking agent ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), the initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and the prepolymerization described in step (1) are reacted
  • EGDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
  • AIBN initiator azobisisobutyronitrile
  • the product (Pre-MIPs-3 is used here) is evenly mixed, and then heated in a water bath for polymerization.
  • the volume ratio of EGDMA to DMP in Table 2 is the volume ratio of EGDMA in step (2) to DMP in step (1); the mass to volume ratio of AIBN to acetonitrile in Table 2 is determined in step (2).
  • the 6 kinds of reactants (corresponding water bath reaction products 1-6 in Table 2) obtained after heating in a water bath were respectively used for Soxhlet using a mixed solution of methanol (analytical purity, 99.5%) and acetic acid (analytical purity, 99.5%) Extraction, in the mixed solution, the volume ratio of methanol to acetic acid is 9:1, the template molecules are eluted, and dried separately to obtain 6 kinds of imprinted polymers, which are named MIPs-1, MIPs-2, and MIPs-3. , MIPs-4, MIPs-5 and MIPs-6.
  • This example compares the effects of different reaction conditions on the targeted degradation of DMP by MOFs/MIPs.
  • An in-situ growth preparation method of MOFs/MIPs catalyst includes the following steps:
  • the removal rate when the time is 0 is the removal rate of DMP when MOFs/MIPs adsorbs DMP to reach adsorption equilibrium.
  • This example compares the targeting selectivity of MOFs/MIPs catalysts to DMP.
  • DMP diethyl phthalate
  • DEP dibutyl phthalate
  • DEHP di- 2-ethylhexyl phthalate
  • the initial concentration is 30 mg/L of DMP solution, DEP solution, DBP solution and DEHP solution, respectively add MOFs/MIPs prepared in Example 2 to the above four solutions Catalyst (MOFs/MIPs-2), the MOFs/MIPs catalyst prepared in Example 2 is added in 2.4g/L (that is, 2.4g catalyst is added per liter of solution), in a shaker at 180 rpm, at room temperature (25 The adsorption reaction is carried out under the condition of °C). After 24h (to ensure that the adsorption equilibrium is reached), the oxidant PS (Persulfate (PS)) is added to the 4 solutions. The amount of the oxidant PS and the pollutants (DMP, DEP, The molar ratio of DBP and DEHP) is 600:1. Spot sampling and analysis.
  • MOFs/MIPs-2 MOFs/MIPs-2
  • the MOFs/MIPs catalyst prepared in Example 2 is added in 2.4g/L (that is, 2.4g
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the targeted degradation of DMP and its structural analogs by MOFs/MIPs.
  • Figure 3 shows that all pollutants (DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP) are rapidly oxidatively degraded within the first hour (the degradation rates of DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP are 90.0%, 66.5%, and 57.6%, respectively) , 58.8%), after this, the degradation rate slows down.
  • MOFs/MIPs catalyst provided by the present invention has a removal effect on DMP and its structural analogs, but it has the best targeted degradation effect on the template molecule DMP, indicating that the MOFs/MIPs catalyst has a good specific selection for target pollutants It can achieve targeted degradation of pollutants.
  • the catalyst provided by the present invention has high degradation efficiency, can achieve highly selective adsorption and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants, and has good stability.
  • the catalyst provided by the present invention is a block catalyst, which can avoid problems such as difficult recovery of traditional water treatment catalysts. , Easy to practical application.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂及其原位生长制备方法与应用。该方法包括：将模板分子、功能单体及致孔剂混合均匀，进行预聚合反应，得到预聚合的反应物；将交联剂、引发剂与所述预聚合的反应物混合均匀，加热，经索氏提取洗脱模板分子，烘干，得到印迹聚合物；将二甲基甲酰胺、2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、氯化亚铁、水、甲醇与所述印迹聚合物混合均匀，加热，洗涤，并用甲醇浸泡、洗涤，干燥得到所述MOFs/MIPs催化剂。本发明提供的催化剂降解效率高，能够实现对有机污染物高度选择性吸附及催化降解，其稳定性好，本发明提供的催化剂是一种块状催化剂，能够避免传统水处理催化剂难回收等问题，易于实际应用。

Description

一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂及其原位生长制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于水污染控制技术领域，具体涉及一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂及其原位生长制备方法与应用。
 背景技术
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethyl phthalate，DMP）是水体中常见的一类典型难降解有机污染物，大多来自染料、农药、焦化、制浆造纸、制药、塑料、食品加工、化妆品生产等工业过程，主要通过生活污水直接排入、污水处理厂的输出、污泥回用填埋、垃圾填埋、农业畜牧业和水产养殖等途径进入地表水、地下水，其含量低、结构稳定、异构体多、半衰期长、毒性高，且通常具有很强的亲脂憎水性，能够在生物器官的脂肪组织内产生生物积累、沿着食物链逐级放大，破坏整个生态系统稳定性，因此DMP严重污染环境、对处于最高营养级的人类产生极大威胁，甚至可导致生物体内分泌紊乱、生殖及免疫机能失调，对人体产生致畸、致癌、致突变作用。我国多处水体、土壤均存在DMP不同程度的超标现象，近年来在生物机体以及人体器官、血液和乳汁中也都检测到这类污染物。对于难降解有机污染物DMP，通常采用生物法处理，但传统的生物法处理周期长，微生物活性低，处理DMP时微生物容易发生“中毒”、产生抗性基因，导致整个生物系统崩溃，并且微生物对污染物的降解具选择性，无法将分子量较大的DMP彻底降解和矿化，使出水难以达到水质要求。因此，传统的生物手段并不适用。
现阶段主要采用高级氧化技术降解DMP，该技术速度快、能耗少，但是由于提供的催化活性位点较多，会造成氧化体系产生自由基释放速率过快，瞬间产生大量自由基，而由于该氧化体系多相性、多组分、低浓度，导致自由基与污染物无法快速接触，大量自由基未经使用直接淬灭，无法发挥自由基对污染物有效的氧化作用，造成处理成本高、污染物降解效率低。高级氧化体系中，自由基的存在时间较短，以过硫酸盐（persulfate，PS）体系产生的硫酸根自由基（SO 4 -·）为例，尽管其存在时间比Fenton体系中的羟基自由基（·OH）显著延长，但半衰期也仅为4s，对目标污染物识别速度直接影响自由基利用率和污染物降解效率，因此在“精准识别”的基础上实现“快速识别”很有必要。
技术问题
为了克服现有技术存在的上述不足，本发明的目的是提供一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂及其原位生长制备方法与应用。
本发明的目的在于解决处理废水中难降解污染物DMP生物、化学处理法效率低、成本高等问题，提供了一种利用原位生长法制备MOFs/MIPs及其靶向氧化降解水中DMP，可高效去除废水中的目标环境污染物、保证水环境安全。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的至少通过如下技术方案之一实现。
本发明公开了一种利用原位生长法制备MOFs/MIPs及其靶向氧化降解水中DMP。首先采用本体聚合制备疏水性半球形印迹聚合物 (molecularly imprinted polymers, MIPs)，将MIPs作为基底，在表面通过原位生长法嵌入具有催化活性中心的金属有机框架(Metal Organic Frameworks, MOFs)，MIPs提供与模板分子在大小、形状、官能团互补的特异性孔穴，靶向识别、吸附污染物，对污染物局部富集。MOFs具有的催化活性位点催化活化氧化剂产生具有强氧化性的自由基降解污染物，从而对污染物实现靶向降解。由于催化活性位点与特异性识别孔穴均匀分布在印迹聚合物表面，很大程度缩短了自由基与污染物之间的传质过程，提高降解效率。在实现对有机污染物高度选择性吸附、降解的同时，疏水性MIPs基底也可增强MOFs的稳定性，此外，块状催化剂也避免了传统水处理催化剂难回收的问题，易于实际应用。
本发明提供的一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）预聚合反应：将模板分子、功能单体及致孔剂混合，超声分散均匀，然后进行预聚合反应，得到预聚合的反应产物；
（2）利用本体聚合法制备半球形印迹聚合物：将交联剂、引发剂与步骤（1）所述预聚合的反应物混合均匀，得到混合液，然后水浴加热进行聚合反应，得到水浴加热后的反应产物（半球形印迹聚合物），经索氏提取洗脱模板分子后，烘干，得到印迹聚合物；
（3）原位生长法制备MOFs/MIPs：将二甲基甲酰胺（N,N-Dimethylformamide，DMF）、2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、氯化亚铁、水、甲醇与步骤（2）所述印迹聚合物混合，超声分散均匀，置于烘箱中加热处理，洗涤，然后浸泡在甲醇（优选分析纯级试剂，纯度达99.5%以上）中，离心取沉淀，洗涤，干燥得到所述MOFs/MIPs催化剂。
进一步地，步骤（1）所述模板分子为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethyl phthalate， DMP），所述模板分子为目标污染物（DMP），所述功能单体为甲基丙烯酸（methacrylic acid，MAA）；所述模板分子（DMP）与功能单体（MAA）的体积比为2:1-4:1；所述致孔剂为乙腈，所述模板分子（DMP）与致孔剂的体积比为1：120-1：130；所述预聚合的反应时间为0.5-1.5h，预聚合反应的温度为3-5℃。
优选地，步骤（1）所述模板分子（DMP）与功能单体（MAA）的体积比为3:1；所述模板分子（DMP）与致孔剂（乙腈）的体积比为1：125。
优选地，步骤（1）预聚合反应的时间为1h，反应温度为4°C。
优选地，所述乙腈为分析纯级试剂，纯度达99.0%以上。
进一步地，步骤（2）所述交联剂为二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯（ethylene glycol dimethacrylate，EGDMA），步骤（2）所述交联剂（EGDMA）与步骤（1）所述模板分子（DMP）的体积比为1:34-1:36；步骤（2）所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈（Azobisisobutyronitrile，AIBN）；步骤（2）所述引发剂与步骤（1）所述致孔剂的质量体积比为0.05-0.15：1g/ mL。
优选地，步骤（2）所述交联剂与步骤（1）所述模板分子DMP的体积比为1：35。
优选地，步骤（2）所述引发剂与步骤（1）所述致孔剂的质量体积比为0.1：1g/ mL。
优选地，步骤（2）所述二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯与偶氮二异丁腈均为分析纯级的试剂，纯度达98%以上。
进一步地，步骤（2）所述水浴加热的温度为55-65℃，水浴加热的时间为23-25h。
优选地，步骤（2）所述水浴加热的温度为60℃，水浴加热的时间为24h。
进一步地，步骤（2）中，使用甲醇与乙酸的混合液对所述水浴加热后的反应产物进行索氏提取，从而洗脱所述水浴加热后的反应产物上的模板分子，空出所述水浴加热后的反应产物上模板分子的特异性识别位点（即与模板分子DMP在大小、形状、官能团互补的孔穴，在污水中可对目标污染物进行靶向识别、吸附）；其中，所述甲醇与乙酸的体积比为8：1~10：1。
优选地，所述甲醇和乙酸均为分析纯级的试剂，其纯度达99.5%以上。
进一步地，步骤（3）所述2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸与二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）的体积比为1:175-1:185 g/mL，所述氯化亚铁与二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）的质量体积比为1:87.5-1:92.5 g/mL；所述二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）与水的体积比为17:1-19:1；所述二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）与甲醇的体积比为17:1-19:1；所述印迹聚合物与二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）的质量体积比为1:8-1:9 g/mL。
优选地，步骤（3）所述2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸与DMF用量的质量体积比为1:180 g/mL，所述氯化亚铁与DMF用量的质量体积比为1:90 g/mL，DMF与水的体积比为18:1，所述DMF与甲醇的体积比为18:1。所述印迹聚合物与DMF的质量体积比为1:8.5 g/mL。
进一步地，步骤（3）所述加热处理的温度为110-120℃，加热处理的时间为23-25h。
优选地，步骤（3）所述加热处理的温度为115℃，所述加热处理的时间为24h。
进一步地，步骤（3）所述洗涤均为用二甲基甲酰胺洗涤；所述浸泡在甲醇中的时间为1~3h。
本发明提供一种由上述的原位生长方法制得的MOFs/MIPs催化剂。
本发明提供的MOFs/MIPs催化剂能够应用于靶向氧化降解废水中DMP中。
本发明提供的MOFs/MIPs催化剂应用于靶向氧化降解废水中DMP的方法，包括如下步骤：
将所述MOFs/MIPs催化剂加入待处理的废水中，然后充分震荡进行特异性吸附反应，待吸附平衡后，加入氧化剂，在高级氧化体系中对污染物DMP进行靶向降解。
进一步地，所述MOFs/MIPs催化剂的加入量为1.2~4.8 g/L（即每升废水加入1.2~4.8 g的MOFs/MIPs催化剂）。
本发明提供的制备方法中， MOFs是由无机金属中心（金属离子/簇）与有机配体通过配位桥连作用自组装形成的具有周期性无限网络结构的多孔配位聚合物，有机配体充当电子给体提供孤对电子，金属离子/簇作为电子受体提供空电子轨道，配位多面体连接为环状结构单元形成孔，一组环状结构单元再按照既定方式连接为闭合孔道，随后向二维或三维方向延伸、堆积构成均匀有序的网状结构或立体结构。可调控是MOFs材料的一大特性，选择不同大小、形状、配位结构的有机配体与金属离子/簇通过一定的合成方法，可自组装得到具有催化反应所需活性中心和所需几何架构的有序晶体。羧基、吡啶阴离子作为主流配位官能团，可连接不同有机基团实现孔道几何结构的调控，例如，与苯环等连接实现配体的直线形和三角形扩展、与sp 3杂化碳原子相连实现四面体扩展。不同的金属离子可以调控MOFs的催化活性，此外，MOFs的有机配体携带的官能团（如-Br、-NH 2、-CHO等）为在其表面键合嵌入目标基团实现功能化提供了良好的结构基础，因此MOFs是一种理想的催化剂。
本发明提供的制备方法，所使用的分子印迹聚合物（molecularly imprinted polymers，MIPs）是具有定向吸附功能的一类材料。“本体”聚合法是一种制备MIPs的方法(与高分子化学中的“本体聚合”不含反应溶剂不同，在分子印迹领域，“本体”聚合中的溶剂体积一般占反应体系总体积的50~80%)。由于“本体”聚合具有反应条件易控制、反应过程简便易行，合成的MIPs形状不规则，对模板分子有良好的吸附性、选择性等。
本发明公开了一种利用本体聚合的方法制备MIPs；该方法将MIPs作为基底，在表面通过原位生长法嵌入具有催化活性中心的MOFs，缩短传质过程，提高靶向降解效率，在实现对有机污染物高度选择性吸附、降解的同时，疏水性MIPs基底也可增强MOFs的稳定性；此外，该方法制得的MOFs/MIPs催化剂是一种块状催化剂，能够避免传统水处理催化剂难回收等问题。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果：
（1）本发明提供的原位生长制备方法中，利用“本体”聚合法制备分子印迹聚合物；“本体”聚合法具有反应条件易控制、反应过程简便易行等优点；该方法过程中合成的MIPs，其形状不规则，对模板分子有良好的吸附性、选择性等；制得的MIPs具有特异吸附性，能对目标污染物分子进行靶向识别、吸附及局部富集；
（2）本发明提供的原位生长制备方法，将MOFs负载在半球形MIPs表面，所采用MOFs具有可调控性，具有不饱和配位的路易斯酸性活性位点，可高效催化活化氧化剂产生强氧化性自由基；此外，MOFs的有机配体携带的官能团（如-Br、-NH 2、-CHO等），为在其表面键合嵌入目标基团实现功能化提供了良好的结构基础，是一种理想的催化剂；
（3）MOFs的稳定性不佳限制了其在水环境中的应用，印迹聚合物是一类疏水性化合物，本发明提供的原位生长制备方法，采用MIPs与MOFs两者结合，可造成MOFs局部微环境的疏水效果，增强MOFs稳定性；
（4）本发明提供的MOFs/MIPs催化剂，其外形为半球形，与目前研究阶段大部分都是粉末状的MOFs催化剂相比，本发明提供的MOFs/MIPs催化剂能够解决催化剂回收利用难的问题，有益于实际应用。
 附图说明
图1为MOFs/MIPs材料的X射线衍射（XRD）谱图；
图2为MOFs/MIPs材料的傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）谱图；
图3为MOFs/MIPs对DMP及其结构类似物的靶向降解曲线图。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合附图和实例对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明，但本发明的实施和保护不限于此。需指出的是，以下若有未特别详细说明之过程，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现或理解的。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，视为可以通过市售购买得到的常规产品。
实施例1
本实施例比较不同反应条件对MIPs吸附DMP效果的影响。
一种MIPs的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）将模板分子（DMP）、功能单体（MAA）及致孔剂（乙腈）加入50mL离心管中超声分散均匀，然后进行预聚合反应，
将反应条件控制为以下6种（如下表1所示）。
表1
Figure 481808dest_path_image001
得到6种预聚合的反应物，分别命名为Pre-MIPs-1、Pre-MIPs-2、Pre-MIPs-3、Pre-MIPs-4 、Pre-MIPs-5及Pre-MIPs-6；
（2）利用本体聚合法制备半球形MIPs：将交联剂二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯（EGDMA）、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）与步骤（1）所述预聚合的反应产物（此处选用Pre-MIPs-3）混合均匀，然后水浴加热进行聚合反应，
将反应条件控制为以下6种（如表2所示）；
表2
Figure 648216dest_path_image002
其中表2中所述EGDMA与DMP的体积比为步骤（2）中的EGDMA与步骤（1）所述DMP的体积比；表2中所述AIBN与乙腈的质量体积比为步骤（2）所述偶氮二异丁腈与步骤（1）所述乙腈的质量体积比。
将得到的6种水浴加热后的反应物（表2中对应的水浴反应产物1-6），分别使用甲醇（分析纯，99.5%）与乙酸（分析纯，99.5%）的混合溶液进行索氏提取，在所述混合溶液中，甲醇与乙酸的体积比为9：1，洗脱模板分子，分别烘干，得到6种印迹聚合物，分别命名为MIPs-1、MIPs-2、MIPs-3、MIPs-4、MIPs-5及MIPs-6。
（3）配制30 mg/L的DMP溶液（邻苯二甲酸二甲酯溶液），作为模拟含DMP的废水，备用；
（4）采用锥形瓶为反应器，分别向6个反应器中加入100 mL浓度为 30 mg/L DMP溶液，然后分别加入MIPs-1、MIPs-2、MIPs-3、MIPs-4、MIPs-5及MIPs-6，将6个锥形瓶分别放置在转速为180 rpm的摇床中，在常温（25℃）条件下进行吸附反应，24h后取样分析；
不同MIPs下DMP的吸附量如下表3所示。
表3
MIP MIPs-1 MIPs-2 MIPs-3 MIPs-4 MIPs-5 MIPs-6
吸附量（mg/g） 7.3 10.4 11.3 8.1 7.9 10.1
 
由表3可知：不同的反应条件下，MIPs吸附DMP的效果是有区别的，随着反应温度、反应时间及制备过程中的反应物投加比例的不同，DMP的吸附量变化明显。由上表可知，当预聚合反应条件为：温度4 °C 、时间1 h 和 DMP：MAA：乙腈＝3：1：125（体积比）时；聚合反应条件为：温度60 °C 、时间 24 h、 EGDMA：DMP＝1：35（体积比）及 AIBN与乙腈的质量体积比为0.1：1g/mL的情况下， 制得的MIPs（即MIPs-3）吸附模拟废水中的DMP效果最佳。
实施例2
本实施例比较不同反应条件对MOFs/MIPs靶向降解DMP效果的影响。
一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）原位生长法制备MOFs/MIPs及MOFs/NIPs：将DMF（二甲基甲酰胺）、2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、氯化亚铁、水、甲醇（分析纯，99.5%）与实施例1中的步骤（4）制得的印迹聚合物（此处选用MIPs-3）在反应釜中混合均匀，得到混合液，超声分散均匀，在烘箱中进行加热处理。 
将反应条件控制为以下6种（如下表4所示）；
表4
Figure 303319dest_path_image003
上述得到的产物（加热产物-1、加热产物-2、加热产物-3、加热产物-4、加热产物-5及加热产物-6）分别用DMF洗涤，然后分别浸泡在甲醇（分析纯，99.5%）中2h，分别离心取沉淀，干燥得到6份反应产物（即所述MOFs/MIPs催化剂），将6份反应产物分别命名为MOFs/MIPs-1、MOFs/MIPs-2、MOFs/MIPs-3、MOFs/MIPs-4、MOFs/MIPs-5及MOFs/MIPs-6。
（2）配制浓度为30 mg/L的DMP溶液（模拟含DMP的废水）备用；
（3）采用锥形瓶为反应器，向6个反应器中分别加入100 mL 浓度为30 mg/L的 DMP溶液和步骤（2）得到的MOFs/MIPs-1、MOFs/MIPs-2、MOFs/MIPs-3、MOFs/MIPs-4、MOFs/MIPs-5及MOFs/MIPs-6，将6个锥形瓶分别放置在转速为180 rpm的摇床中，在常温（25℃）条件下进行吸附反应，24h（确保达到吸附平衡）后，分别加入氧化剂PS（过硫酸盐（Persulfate, PS）），加入量为 2.4 g/L，定点取样分析。
采用不同MOFs/MIPs催化剂的情况下DMP的去除率如下表5所示。
 
表5
Figure 809780dest_path_image004
时间为0时的去除率为MOFs/MIPs吸附DMP达到吸附平衡时DMP的去除率。
由表5可知：在不同的反应条件下，MOFs/MIPs催化剂去除DMP的效果是有区别的，随着反应时间、制备过程中的反应物投加比例的不同，DMP的去除率变化明显；当在原位生长制备方法中的反应条件为：温度115 °C，时间 24 h， 2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸：DMF（质量体积比）=1：180 g/mL ，氯化亚铁：DMF（质量体积比）=1：87.5 g/mL ，DMF：水：甲醇=18：1：1（体积比），MIPs：DMF（质量体积比）=1：8 g/mL时，制得的MOFs/MIPs（即MOFs/MIPs-2，MOFs/MIPs-2的X射线衍射（XRD）谱图和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）谱图分别如图1、图2所示）催化剂去除模拟废水中的DMP的效果最佳。
实施例3
本实施例比较MOFs/MIPs催化剂对DMP的靶向选择性。
选取DMP的三种结构类似物，分别为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（diethyl phthalate，DEP）溶液、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutyl phthalate，DBP）溶液和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯（di- 2-ethylhexyl phthalate，DEHP））进行MOFs/MIPs 催化剂对DMP的靶向选择性研究。分别配制初始浓度为30 mg/L的DMP溶液、DEP溶液、DBP溶液及DEHP溶液，向上述四种溶液中分别加入实施例2制得的MOFs/MIPs 催化剂（MOFs/MIPs-2），实施例2制得的MOFs/MIPs 催化剂加入量为2.4g/L（即每升溶液投加2.4g催化剂），在180 rpm的摇床中，在常温（25℃）条件下进行吸附反应，24h（确保达到吸附平衡）后，向4种溶液中分别加入氧化剂PS（过硫酸盐（Persulfate, PS）），氧化剂PS加入量与各污染物（DMP、DEP、DBP和DEHP）的加入量的摩尔比均为600：1。定点取样分析。
上述4种溶液的降解情况见图3所示。图3为MOFs/MIPs对DMP及其结构类似物的靶向降解曲线图。图3结果表明，所有的污染物（DMP、DEP、DBP和DEHP）在第一个小时内都被迅速氧化降解（DMP、DEP、DBP和DEHP的降解率分别为90.0%，66.5%，57.6%，58.8%），在此之后，降解速率变慢。这说明本发明提供的MOFs/MIPs催化剂对DMP及其结构类似物均有去除作用，但对模板分子DMP的靶向降解效果最好，说明MOFs/MIPs催化剂对目标污染物具有很好的特异选择性，可实现对污染物的靶向降解。
本发明提供的催化剂降解效率高，能够实现对有机污染物高度选择性吸附及催化降解，其稳定性好，本发明提供的催化剂是一种块状催化剂，能够避免传统水处理催化剂难回收等问题，易于实际应用。
以上实施例仅为本发明较优的实施方式，仅用于解释本发明，而非限制本发明，本领域技术人员在未脱离本发明精神实质下所作的改变、替换、修饰等均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    （1）将模板分子、功能单体及致孔剂混合，超声分散均匀，然后进行预聚合反应，得到预聚合的反应产物；
    （2）将交联剂、引发剂与步骤（1）所述预聚合的反应物混合均匀，得到混合液，然后水浴加热进行聚合反应，得到水浴加热后的反应产物，经索氏提取洗脱模板分子后，烘干，得到印迹聚合物；
    （3）将二甲基甲酰胺、2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、氯化亚铁、水、甲醇与步骤（2）所述印迹聚合物混合，超声分散均匀，加热处理，洗涤，然后浸泡在甲醇中，离心取沉淀，洗涤，干燥得到所述MOFs/MIPs催化剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述模板分子为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯，所述功能单体为甲基丙烯酸；所述模板分子与功能单体的体积比为2:1-4:1；所述致孔剂为乙腈，所述模板分子与致孔剂的体积比为1：120-1：130；所述预聚合的反应时间为0.5-1.5h，所述预聚合反应的温度为3-5℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述交联剂为二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯，步骤（2）所述交联剂与步骤（1）所述模板分子的体积比为1:34-1:36；步骤（2）所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈；步骤（2）所述引发剂与步骤（1）所述致孔剂的质量体积比为0.05-0.15：1g/ mL。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述水浴加热的温度为55-65℃，水浴加热的时间为23-25h。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，使用甲醇与乙酸的混合液对所述水浴加热后的反应产物进行索氏提取，从而洗脱所述水浴加热后的反应产物上的模板分子，空出所述水浴加热后的反应产物上模板分子的特异性识别位点；其中，所述甲醇与乙酸的体积比为8：1~10：1。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸与二甲基甲酰胺的体积比为1:175-1:185 g/mL，所述氯化亚铁与二甲基甲酰胺的质量体积比为1:87.5-1:92.5：1 g/mL；所述二甲基甲酰胺与水的体积比为17:1-19:1；所述二甲基甲酰胺与甲醇的体积比为17:1-19:1；所述印迹聚合物与二甲基甲酰胺的质量体积比为1：8-1：9 g/mL。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述加热处理的温度为110-120℃，加热处理的时间为23-25h。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂的原位生长制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述洗涤均为用二甲基甲酰胺洗涤；所述浸泡在甲醇中的时间为1~3h。
  9. 一种由权利要求1-8任一项所述的原位生长制备方法制得的MOFs/MIPs催化剂。
  10. 权利要求9所述的MOFs/MIPs催化剂在靶向氧化降解废水中DMP中的应用。
     
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