WO2020258096A1 - 电机、快门装置及摄像装置 - Google Patents

电机、快门装置及摄像装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020258096A1
WO2020258096A1 PCT/CN2019/093100 CN2019093100W WO2020258096A1 WO 2020258096 A1 WO2020258096 A1 WO 2020258096A1 CN 2019093100 W CN2019093100 W CN 2019093100W WO 2020258096 A1 WO2020258096 A1 WO 2020258096A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
winding
printed circuit
circuit board
board assembly
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/093100
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱志龙
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/093100 priority Critical patent/WO2020258096A1/zh
Priority to EP19932271.0A priority patent/EP3862810A4/en
Priority to JP2021574332A priority patent/JP2022536186A/ja
Priority to CN201980010199.7A priority patent/CN111684350B/zh
Priority to US17/120,492 priority patent/US20210096445A1/en
Publication of WO2020258096A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020258096A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/08—Shutters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/08—Shutters
    • G03B9/10—Blade or disc rotating or pivoting about axis normal to its plane
    • G03B9/18—More than two members
    • G03B9/22—More than two members each moving in one direction to open and then in opposite direction to close, e.g. iris type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/26—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors consisting of printed conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/03—Machines characterised by the wiring boards, i.e. printed circuit boards or similar structures for connecting the winding terminations

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of imaging equipment, and in particular to a motor, a shutter device, and an imaging device applied to a shutter device.
  • Camera shutters usually include focal plane shutters and inter-lens shutters.
  • the focal plane shutter is a shutter placed in front of the focal plane of imaging, usually referred to as a rolling shutter.
  • the power released by the front curtain and the rear curtain comes from the spring and connecting rod assembly.
  • a geared motor winds the front curtain and the rear curtain at the same time through the spring and the connecting rod assembly.
  • the front curtain and the rear curtain each have an electromagnet. Separate control to realize the sequential action of the front curtain and the rear curtain.
  • the focal plane shutter is mainly used in SLR cameras.
  • the inter-lens shutter is a type of shutter placed inside the lens diaphragm, also called a leaf shutter.
  • the blade assembly is driven by the left and right link mechanism, which is connected in series to the mover of the electromagnet.
  • the mover has two steady-state positions (permanent magnetic force provides self-locking force).
  • the electromagnet is used to control the release and recovery of the mover.
  • the reaction spring helps the electromagnet to start and brake.
  • the inter-lens shutter is mainly used in portable cameras and some lenses.
  • the existing inter-mirror shutters generally have disadvantages such as complex structure, large volume, and heavy weight.
  • the size of the camera module has been gradually reduced with the development of technology, but the size of the shutter drive device has always been a major obstacle restricting the miniaturization of the camera module.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a motor, a shutter device and a camera device.
  • a motor which is applied to a shutter device.
  • the motor includes a printed circuit board assembly with windings, a stator core, a rotor, and magnets mounted on the rotor.
  • the printed circuit board assembly has a first side and a second side.
  • the stator core is installed on the first side of the printed circuit board assembly, and the winding is arranged around the stator core.
  • the rotor and the magnet are installed on the second side of the printed circuit board assembly and are spaced apart from the winding.
  • the motor of the embodiment of the present invention has a flattened structure, thereby facilitating the miniaturization of the shutter device.
  • a shutter device including the above-mentioned motor and shutter blades, the shutter blades are linked to the rotor of the motor and used to switch the light source of the exposure area when the shutter is closed Wherein, when the motor is working, the winding is energized, and the rotor rotates to realize the opening and closing action of the shutter blade.
  • an imaging device including the shutter device described above.
  • the shutter device and the imaging device of the embodiments of the present invention adopt an axial flux motor using a printed circuit board assembly with windings in the shutter, and optimize the structure of the axial flux motor, increase the magnetic permeability, and have a compact and simple structure , And low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a shutter device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the shutter device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic back view of the shutter device shown in FIG. 1 in an open state
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic back view of the shutter device shown in FIG. 1 in a closed state
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shutter device shown in FIG. 1 along the line A-A;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the circled part of the shutter device shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a shutter device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded schematic diagram of the shutter device shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of the shutter device shown in FIG. 7 in an open state
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shutter device shown in FIG. 9 along the line B-B;
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the circled part of the shutter device shown in FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of the shutter device shown in FIG. 7;
  • Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the circled part of the shutter device shown in Fig. 12.
  • the shutter device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a motor 10 and a shutter blade 11.
  • the motor 10 includes a printed circuit board assembly 12 having a winding 120, a stator core 13, a rotor 14 and a magnet 15 mounted on the rotor 14.
  • the winding 120, the printed circuit board assembly 12, and the stator core 13 may be referred to as a first winding, a first printed circuit board assembly, and a first stator core, respectively.
  • the printed circuit board assembly 12 includes a first side 121 and a second side 122, the stator core 13 is mounted on the first side 121 of the printed circuit board assembly 12, and the winding 120 is arranged around the stator core 13.
  • the rotor 14 and the magnet 15 are mounted on the second side 122 of the printed circuit board assembly 12 and spaced apart from the winding 120.
  • the shutter blade 11 is linked to the rotor 14 of the motor 10 and is used to switch the light source of the exposure area when the shutter is closed.
  • the rotor 14 and the shutter blade 11 are integrally injection molded to form an integral rotor blade 16. Therefore, the structure can be simplified and the moment of inertia of the rotating part can be reduced.
  • a whole rotor blade 16 will be used as an example for description.
  • the rotor 14 and the shutter blade 11 should not be limited to be integrally formed. In other embodiments, the rotor 14 and the shutter blade 11 may also be two. Independent component.
  • the stator core 13 is made of a magnetic material, which can increase the magnetic permeability.
  • the attractive force between the stator core 13 and the magnet 15 is balanced, the motor 10 is in a steady state, and the rotor blades 16 are in an open state, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the winding 120 is energized, a magnetic field is formed under the combined action of the stator core 13, and the magnet 15 is deflected under the action of the magnetic field.
  • the balance between the stator core 13 and the magnet 15 is broken, and the deflection of the magnet 15 drives the rotor 14 Since the shutter blade 11 is linked to the rotor 14 of the motor 10, the rotation of the rotor 14 drives the rotation of the shutter blade 11, that is, the rotation of the rotor blade 16, when the rotor 14 continues to rotate and reaches the stator core 13 At the new balance point with the magnet 15, the rotor blade 16 is in a closed state, as shown in FIG. Therefore, the opening and closing operation of the rotor blade 16 is realized by the on and off of the winding 120.
  • the printed circuit board assembly 12 described herein includes a printed circuit board and conductive lines (not shown) formed on the printed circuit board.
  • the winding 120 is integrated into the printed circuit board assembly 12 through a printed circuit board manufacturing process.
  • the winding 120 can be directly formed on the printed circuit board by screen printing on the printed circuit board, so that The motor 10 is flattened, the size and volume of the motor 10 are reduced, the structure is further simplified, and the cost is reduced.
  • the winding 120 is integrated on the printed circuit board assembly 12 as an example for detailed description.
  • the shutter device 1 of the embodiment of the present invention should not be limited to the form in which the winding 120 is integrated on the printed circuit board assembly 12.
  • the winding 120 may also be in the form of an integrated winding 120, and then the integrated winding 120 is fixed on the printed circuit board assembly 12 by means such as welding, so that the torque of the motor 10 can be effectively increased.
  • the motor 10 is an axial flux motor.
  • the rotor blade 16 includes a plurality of rotor blades 16.
  • the rotor 14, the magnet 15, the stator core 13 and the winding 120 in the motor 10 also include a plurality of rotor blades 16 corresponding to the number of the rotor blades 16.
  • the printed circuit board assembly 12 has a circular ring shape and has a light-through hole 123 in the middle of the printed circuit board assembly 12.
  • the plurality of windings 120, the plurality of rotors 14 and the plurality of stator cores 13 are all distributed in a ring shape along the light through hole 123 of the printed circuit board assembly 12.
  • the motor 10 of the embodiment of the present invention adopts an axial flux motor.
  • a plurality of windings 120, a plurality of rotors 14 and a plurality of stator cores 13 are arranged in a ring shape around the light-passing hole 123 of the printed circuit board 12, and the windings 120 is integrated into the printed circuit board assembly 12, so that the motor 10 can be flattened, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the shutter device 1.
  • the axial flux motor 10 is used as the power to directly drive the rotor blade 16, and the cogging torque of the magnet 15 and the stator core 13 is used to achieve the two steady-state requirements for the opening and closing of the rotor blade 16. It is simple and highly reliable. At the same time, it realizes the synchronization control of the blades by controlling the power-on calibration.
  • the stator core 13 includes a core column 132, and the winding 120 surrounds the core column 132 and extends from the first side 121 of the printed circuit board assembly 12 to the second side 122 thereof.
  • the stator core 13 further includes a flat portion 131, the core post 132 protrudes outward from the flat portion 131, and the core post 132 extends from the first side 121 of the printed circuit board assembly 12 through the printed circuit.
  • the through hole 124 on the board assembly 12 extends to the second side 122 thereof, and the flat portion 131 is located on the first side 121 of the printed circuit board assembly 12.
  • the rotor blade 16 is rotatably mounted on the printed circuit board assembly 12 via a rotating shaft 17 and is spaced and opposed to the flat portion 131 of the stator core 13.
  • a positioning column 133 is further provided on the same side of the flat portion 131 of the stator core 13 and the core column 132, a positioning hole 134 is formed in the positioning column 133, and the rotating shaft 17 penetrates the rotor 14 and the printed circuit
  • the through hole 125 on the board assembly 12 is also positioned in the positioning hole 134 of the positioning post 133 on the flat portion 131.
  • the shutter device 1 may further include a gasket 18.
  • the gasket 18 is provided between the shaft 17 and the flat portion 131 of the stator core 13 Between the positioning holes 134, the gasket 18 and the rotating shaft 17 are interference fit, so as to avoid the axial movement of the rotating shaft 17 and only allow the axial rotation of the rotating shaft 17.
  • the winding 120 includes a first sub-winding 1201, a second sub-winding 1202, and a third sub-winding 1203.
  • the stator core 13 includes three core legs 132, Each of a sub-winding 1201, a second sub-winding 1202, and a third sub-winding 1203 is arranged around a core leg 132.
  • the first sub-winding 1201, the second sub-winding 1202, and the third sub-winding 1203 are evenly distributed around the shaft 17.
  • the magnet 15 includes an N-S pole magnet 151 and an S-N pole magnet 152.
  • the N-S pole magnet 151 and the S-N pole magnet 152 are directly opposite to the first sub-winding 1201 and the second sub-winding 1202, respectively.
  • the winding 120 is energized, a closed magnetic field is formed under the combined action of the stator core 13, and the closed magnetic field drives the rotor blade 16 to rotate clockwise.
  • the NS pole magnet 151 and the SN pole magnet 152 are respectively transferred to the second sub-winding 1202 and the third sub-winding.
  • the rotor blades 16 are closed and the rotor 14 is in the second stable position. Since the winding 120 is energized with alternating current, the NS pole magnet 151 and the SN pole magnet 152 will rotate in opposite directions. Therefore, the NS pole magnet 151 and the SN pole magnet 152 are connected to the second sub-winding 1202 and the third sub-winding 1202. The position facing the winding 1203 returns to the position facing the first sub-winding 1201 and the second sub-winding 1202, that is, the rotor returns to the first stable position.
  • the arrangement of the first sub-winding 1201, the second sub-winding 1202, and the third sub-winding 1203 in the winding 120 of the embodiment of the present invention should not be limited to an equilateral triangle arrangement.
  • the rotor 14 when the position where the rotor 14 is directly opposite to the first sub-winding 1201 and the second sub-winding 1202 is defined as the first stable position, the rotor 14 is opposite to the second sub-winding 1202 and the third sub-winding 1202.
  • the position directly opposite 1203 is the second stable position.
  • the first stable position is the position of the rotor when the shutter is open
  • the second stable position is the position of the rotor when the shutter is closed.
  • a heat sink 19 is provided between the flat portion 131 of the stator core 13 and the printed circuit board assembly 12.
  • the heat sink 19 is heat-dissipating silica gel, and the heat-dissipating silica gel transfers the heat on the printed circuit board assembly 12 to the stator core 13 for heat dissipation.
  • the stator core 13 of the embodiment of the present invention can play a dual role of magnetic conductivity and heat dissipation.
  • the rotor blade 16 includes at least eight, so as to well solve the problem of the windmill-like light spot effect.
  • the number of rotor blades 16 is shown as eight, and the eight rotor blades 16 cooperate and realize their opening and closing actions by means of turning on and off the winding 120.
  • the axial flux motor 10 using the printed circuit board assembly 12 with the winding 120 is applied to the shutter, and the structure of the axial flux motor 10 is optimized to increase the magnetic permeability, and has a compact and simple structure. And the cost is low.
  • Figures 7 to 13 show the shutter device 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shutter device 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention includes a motor 20 and a shutter blade 11.
  • the motor 20 of the shutter device 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention includes a printed circuit board assembly 12 having a winding 120, a stator core 13, a rotor 14 and a motor mounted on the rotor.
  • the motor 10 of the shutter device 1 of the first embodiment further includes a second printed circuit board assembly 22 with a second winding 220 and a second stator core 23.
  • the second printed circuit board assembly 22 has a first side 221 and a second side 222, the second stator core 23 is disposed on the first side 221 of the second printed circuit board assembly 22, and the rotor 14 and the magnet 15 are located on the second printed circuit board assembly
  • the second side 222 of the second printed circuit board assembly 22 is spaced apart from the second winding 220 of the second printed circuit board assembly 22.
  • the second printed circuit board assembly 22 with the second winding 220 and the printed circuit board assembly 12 with the winding 120 sandwich the rotor 14 therebetween.
  • the second stator core 23 and the stator core 13 sandwich the second printed circuit board assembly 22 and the printed circuit board assembly 12 therebetween.
  • the second winding 220 can also be integrated into the second printed circuit board assembly 22 through a screen printing process, or the second winding 220 is an integrated winding, which can be fixed to the second printed circuit board assembly 22 by welding or the like .
  • the second printed circuit board assembly 22, the second winding 220, and the second stator core 23 have a structure similar to the printed circuit board assembly 12, the winding 120, and the stator core 13, and the second printed circuit board assembly 22 is also in the form of a ring It has a light-through hole 223 in the middle of the second printed circuit board assembly 22.
  • the plurality of second windings 220 and the plurality of stator cores 23 are distributed in a ring shape along the light through hole 223 of the second printed circuit board assembly 22.
  • the placement positions of the second winding 220 and the second stator core 23 correspond to the positions of the winding 120 and the stator core 13, respectively, and the number of the second winding 220 and the second stator core 23 is the same as that of the winding 120 and the stator core.
  • the number of cores 13 corresponds to each other, so it will not be repeated here.
  • the second winding 220 also similarly includes a first sub-winding 2201, a second sub-winding 2202, and a third sub-winding 2203, and the first sub-winding in the second winding 220 2201, the second sub-winding 2202, and the third sub-winding 2203 are opposite to the first sub-winding 1201, the second sub-winding 1202, and the third sub-winding 1203 in the winding 120, respectively.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that there is no positioning column in the stator core 13 of the second embodiment, and the positioning hole 134 is directly provided in the stator core 13.
  • the second stator core 23 is not provided with a positioning column on the flat portion 131 in the middle, but a positioning hole 234 is directly provided on the flat portion 231 thereof.
  • the rotating shaft 17 passes through the printed circuit board assembly 12 and the second printed circuit board assembly 22 and is positioned in the flat portion 131 of the stator core 13 and the flat portion 231 of the second stator core 23, respectively.
  • the rotor 14 is rotatably mounted on the printed circuit board assembly 12 and the second printed circuit board assembly 22 via a rotating shaft 17 and is spaced and opposed to the flat portion 131 of the stator core 13 and the flat portion 231 of the second stator core 23, respectively.
  • the stator core 13 and the second stator core 23 respectively form a magnetic field under the joint action of the stator core 13 and the second stator core 23.
  • the magnet 15 is deflected under the action of the magnetic field to drive the rotor blade 16 to rotate. In this way, the rotor blade 16 is closed.
  • the shutter device 2 of the second embodiment may include spacers 18 and 28. As shown in FIG. 11, the spacers 18 and 28 are respectively in interference fit with the rotating shaft 17 to avoid axial movement of the rotating shaft 17.
  • the spacer 18 is arranged between the printed circuit board assembly 12 and the rotor blade 16; the spacer 28 is arranged between the printed circuit board assembly 22 and the rotor blade 16.
  • the shutter device 2 of the second embodiment may further include heat sinks 19 and 29.
  • the heat sink 19 is disposed between the flat portion 131 of the stator core 13 and the printed circuit board assembly 12. It is used to transfer the heat on the printed circuit board assembly 12 to the stator core 13 for heat dissipation;
  • the heat sink 29 is arranged between the flat portion 231 of the second stator core 23 and the second printed circuit board assembly 22, which It is used to transfer the heat on the second printed circuit board assembly 22 to the second stator core 23 for heat dissipation.
  • a sandwich-like "sandwich" structure in which a layer of rotor 14 is arranged between two stator cores 13 can effectively solve the problem between the stator and the rotor 14 The problem of excessive magnetic force.
  • the embodiment of the present invention should not be limited to this.
  • the motor 20 may also adopt a structure in which two layers of rotors 14 are provided with a layer of stator core 13, or multiple layers of stator core 13 may also be used.
  • the structure in which the stator core 13 and the rotor 14 are interspersed with each other, and the equivalent transformation of this similar structure should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the motor 20 of the shutter device 2 of the second embodiment has more printed circuit board components and stator cores on one side, thereby reducing magnetic flux leakage and having higher efficiency.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides an imaging device, which can adopt the shutter devices 1 and 2 in any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the imaging device of the embodiment of the present invention has beneficial technical effects similar to the above-mentioned shutter devices 1 and 2, so it will not be repeated here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Shutters For Cameras (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种电机（10）、其应用于快门装置（1）以及具有该快门装置（1）的摄像装置，并包括具有绕组（120）的印刷电路板组件（12）、定子铁芯（13）、转子（14）以及安装在转子（14）上的磁铁（15）。印刷电路板组件（12）具有第一侧（121）和第二侧（122）。定子铁芯（13）安装于印刷电路板组件（12）的第一侧（121），绕组（120）围绕定子铁芯（13）设置。转子（14）和磁铁（15）安装于印刷电路板组件（12）的第二侧（122）并与绕组（120）间隔设置。该电机（10）具有扁平化的结构，从而利于快门装置（1）的小型化。

Description

电机、快门装置及摄像装置 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及成像设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种应用于快门装置的电机、快门装置及摄像装置。
背景技术
相机的快门通常包括焦平面快门和镜间快门等。焦平面快门是一种放在成像的焦平面前方的快门，通常指卷帘快门。前帘幕与后帘幕释放的动力来源于弹簧和连杆组件，有一减速电机通过弹簧和连杆组件为前帘幕和后帘幕同时上弦，前帘幕与后帘幕各由一电磁铁单独控制，实现前帘幕和后帘幕的时序动作。焦平面快门主要应用在单反相机上。
镜间快门是一种放在镜头内部光阑位置的快门，又叫做叶片快门。叶片组件由左右连杆机构驱动，左右连杆机构串联在电磁铁的动子上，动子有两个稳态位置(永磁力提供自锁力)，电磁铁用于控制动子的释放与回收，反力弹簧帮助电磁铁启动和制动。镜间快门主要应用在轻便相机和部分镜头上。
然而，现有的镜间快门普遍结构复杂，体积大，重量太重等缺点。
而且，近年来，相机模块的尺寸随着技术发展而逐渐缩小，但快门驱动装置的尺寸仍然始终成为制约着相机模块的尺寸小型化的一大障碍。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种电机、快门装置及摄像装置。
根据本发明实施例的一个方面，提供一种电机，其应用于快门装置中。所述电机包括具有绕组的印刷电路板组件、定子铁芯、转子以及安装在所述转子上的磁铁。所述印刷电路板组件具有第一侧和第二侧。所述定子铁芯安装于所述印刷电路板组件的第一侧，所述绕组围绕所述定子铁芯设置。所述转子和所述磁铁安装于所述印刷电路板组件的第二侧并与所述绕组间隔设置。
本发明实施例的电机具有扁平化的结构，从而利于快门装置的小型化。
根据本发明实施例的另一个方面，提供一种快门装置，其包括如上所述的电机及快门叶片，所述快门叶片连动于所述电机的转子并用于在快门关闭时切换曝光区域的光源，其中，当电机工作时，绕组被通电，所述转子转动以实现所述快门叶片的开闭动作。
根据本发明实施例的又一个方面，提供一种摄像装置，其包括如上所述的快门装置。
本发明实施例的快门装置及摄像装置通过将采用具有绕组的印刷电路板组件的轴向磁通电机应用于快门中，并且优化轴向磁通电机结构，增加导磁率，具有紧凑和简单的结构，且成本低廉。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一个实施例的快门装置的整体示意图；
图2为图1所示的快门装置的分解示意图；
图3为图1所示的快门装置在打开状态下的背面示意图；
图4为图1所示的快门装置在闭合状态下的背面示意图；
图5为图1所示的快门装置沿A-A线的剖面示意图；
图6为图5所示的快门装置中圆圈部分的放大图；
图7为本发明另一个实施例的快门装置的立体示意图；
图8为图7所示的快门装置的分解示意图；
图9为图7所示的快门装置在打开状态下的正面示意图；
图10为图9所示的快门装置沿B-B线的剖面示意图；
图11为图10所示的快门装置中圆圈部分的放大图；
图12为图7所示的快门装置的侧面示意图；
图13为图12所示的快门装置中圆圈部分的放大图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、 本发明的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
在本发明使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本发明。在本发明和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。除非另行指出，“前部”、“后部”、“下部”和/或“上部”等类似词语只是为了便于说明，而并非限于一个位置或者一种空间定向。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而且可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。在本发明中“能够”可以表示具有能力。
下面结合附图，对本发明的各个实施例进行详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
图1至图6揭示了本发明第一实施例的快门装置1。如图1至图6所示，本发明第一实施例的快门装置1包括电机10和快门叶片11。电机10包括具有绕组120的印刷电路板组件12、定子铁芯13、转子14和安装在转子14上的磁铁15。绕组120、印刷电路板组件12和定子铁芯13可以分别被称之为第一绕组、第一印刷电路板组件和第一定子铁芯。印刷电路板组件12包括第一侧121和第二侧122，定子铁芯13安装于印刷电路板组件12的第一侧121，绕组120围绕定子铁芯13设置。转子14和磁铁15安装于印刷电路板组件12的第二侧122并与绕组120间隔设置。快门叶片11连动于电机10的转子14并用于在快门关闭时切换曝光区域的光源。
如图1和图2所示，在一些实施例中，转子14和快门叶片11一体注塑成型，从而形成一个整体的转子叶片16。因此，能够简化结构，减少转动部分的转动惯量。在本发明的以下实施例及附图中，均将以一个整体的转子叶片16为例来进行描述。然而，应理解的是，在本发明实施例的快门装置1中，转子14和快门叶片11并不应局限于一体成型的，在其他实 施例中，转子14和快门叶片11也可以是两个独立的元件。
定子铁芯13为导磁材料，可以增加导磁率。在绕组120未通电时，定子铁芯13与磁铁15之间的吸引力保持平衡，电机10呈稳态，转子叶片16处于打开状态，如图3所示。当绕组120被通电时，在定子铁芯13的共同作用下形成磁场，磁铁15在磁场的作用下发生偏转，定子铁芯13与磁铁15之间的平衡被打破，磁铁15的偏转带动转子14的转动，由于快门叶片11连动于电机10的转子14，因此，转子14的转动进而带动快门叶片11的转动，即转子叶片16的转动，当随着转子14的继续转动达到定子铁芯13与磁铁15之间的新的平衡点时，转子叶片16处于闭合状态，如图4所示。从而，通过绕组120的通断电实现转子叶片16的开闭动作。
在本文中所述的印刷电路板组件12包括印刷电路板以及形成在印刷电路板上的导电线路(未示出)。在一些实施例中，绕组120通过印刷电路板制板工艺集成到印刷电路板组件12中，例如，绕组120可以采用在印刷电路板上丝网印刷的方式直接形成在印刷电路板上，从而可以实现电机10的扁平化，减小电机10的尺寸和体积，进一步简化结构，降低成本。在本发明的以下各种实施例和附图中，将以绕组120集成到印刷电路板组件12上为例来进行详细描述。然而，本发明实施例的快门装置1并不应局限于绕组120集成到印刷电路板组件12上的形式，在另一些实施例中，绕组120也可以采用集成绕组120的形式，然后，集成绕组120通过例如焊接等方式固定在印刷电路板组件12上，从而可以有效地提高电机10的扭矩。
在本发明的实施例中，电机10为轴向磁通电机。转子叶片16包括多个，相应地，电机10中的转子14、磁铁15、定子铁芯13和绕组120也分别包括与转子叶片16的数量相对应的多个。印刷电路板组件12呈圆环状，在印刷电路板组件12的中间具有通光孔123。多个绕组120、多个转子14和多个定子铁芯13均沿印刷电路板组件12的通光孔123呈环形分 布。
本发明实施例的电机10采用轴向磁通电机，多个绕组120、多个转子14和多个定子铁芯13设置成围绕印刷电路板12的通光孔123呈环形分布，并且，将绕组120集成到印刷电路板组件12上，从而能够实现电机10的扁平化，有利于快门装置1的小型化。
本发明实施例通过轴向磁通电机10作为动力，直驱转子叶片16，通过磁铁15和定子铁芯13的齿槽转矩，实现转子叶片16的开合的两个稳态的需求，结构简单，可靠性高，同时通过控制上电校准，实现叶片的同步性控制。
如图2所示，定子铁芯13包括铁芯柱132，绕组120环绕铁芯柱132从印刷电路板组件12的第一侧121延伸至其第二侧122。在一些实施例中，定子铁芯13还包括扁平部131，铁芯柱132从扁平部131向外凸伸出，铁芯柱132从印刷电路板组件12的第一侧121延伸穿过印刷电路板组件12上的通孔124并延伸至其第二侧122，扁平部131位于印刷电路板组件12的第一侧121。
转子叶片16通过转轴17可转动地安装在印刷电路板组件12上并与定子铁芯13的扁平部131间隔相对。在一些实施例中，在定子铁芯13的扁平部131与铁芯柱132的同侧上还设有定位柱133，在定位柱133中形成有定位孔134，转轴17贯穿转子14、印刷电路板组件12上的通孔125并定位在扁平部131上的定位柱133的定位孔134中。
如图5和图6所示，为了防止转轴17轴向脱出，快门装置1还可以包括垫片18，在一个实施例中，垫片18设置在转轴17与定子铁芯13的扁平部131的定位孔134之间，垫片18与转轴17过盈配合，从而避免转轴17的轴向移动，而仅允许转轴17的轴向转动。
返回参照图2所示，在一些实施例中，绕组120包括第一子绕组1201、 第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203，相应地，定子铁芯13包括三个铁芯柱132，第一子绕组1201、第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203中的每一个环绕一个铁芯柱132设置。
在一个实施例中，第一子绕组1201、第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203均匀分布在转轴17周围。
磁铁15包括N-S极磁铁151和S-N极磁铁152。在电机10处于稳态下，转子叶片16处于打开状态，即转子14处于第一稳定位置时，N-S极磁铁151和S-N极磁铁152分别与第一子绕组1201和第二子绕组1202正对。当绕组120通电，在定子铁芯13的共同作用下形成闭合磁场，闭合磁场驱动转子叶片16顺时针转动，N-S极磁铁151和S-N极磁铁152分别转到与第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203相正对的位置，此时转子叶片16关闭，转子14处于第二稳定位置。由于绕组120中通的是交流电，因此继续通电，N-S极磁铁151和S-N极磁铁152将向反方向转动，于是，N-S极磁铁151和S-N极磁铁152从与第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203正对的位置回到与第一子绕组1201和第二子绕组1202正对的位置，即转子返回到第一稳定位置。
然而，本发明实施例的绕组120中的第一子绕组1201、第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203的设置并不应局限于呈等边三角形布置。在本发明的另一个实施例中，在定义了转子14与第一子绕组1201和第二子绕组1202正对的位置为第一稳定位置，转子14与第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203正对的位置为第二稳定位置，其中，第一稳定位置是快门开启状态下转子的位置，第二稳定位置是快门闭合状态下转子的位置的前提下，只要确保第一子绕组1201和第二子绕组1202的中心连线与第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203的中心连线的距离相等即可。
继续参照图5和图6所示，在定子铁芯13的扁平部131与印刷电路板组件12之间设置有散热片19。在一个实施例中，散热片19为散热硅胶， 散热硅胶把印刷电路板组件12上的热量传递给定子铁芯13进行散热。本发明实施例的定子铁芯13可以起到导磁和散热的双重作用。
在一些实施例中，转子叶片16包括至少八个，从而能够很好地解决风车状光斑效应的问题。在本发明实施例的附图中，转子叶片16被示出为八个，八个转子叶片16配合并借助于绕组120的通断电实现其开闭动作。
本发明实施例通过将采用具有绕组120的印刷电路板组件12的轴向磁通电机10应用于快门中，并且优化轴向磁通电机10的结构，增加导磁率，具有紧凑和简单的结构，且成本低廉。
图7至图13揭示了本发明第二实施例的快门装置2。如图7至图13所示，本发明第二实施例的快门装置2包括电机20和快门叶片11。相对于第一实施例的快门装置1的电机10，本发明第二实施例的快门装置2的电机20除了包括具有绕组120的印刷电路板组件12、定子铁芯13、转子14和安装在转子14上的磁铁15等结构之外，还在第一实施例的快门装置1的电机10的基础上进一步包括具有第二绕组220的第二印刷电路板组件22和第二定子铁芯23，第二印刷电路板组件22具有第一侧221和第二侧222，第二定子铁芯23设置于第二印刷电路板组件22的第一侧221，转子14和磁铁15位于第二印刷电路板组件22的第二侧222并与第二印刷电路板组件22的第二绕组220间隔设置。
具有第二绕组220的第二印刷电路板组件22和具有绕组120的印刷电路板组件12将转子14夹设于两者之间。第二定子铁芯23与定子铁芯13将第二印刷电路板组件22和印刷电路板组件12夹设于两者之间。
第二绕组220也可以通过丝网印刷工艺集成到第二印刷电路板组件22中，或者，第二绕组220为一种集成绕组，其可以通过焊接等方式固定到第二印刷电路板组件22上。
第二印刷电路板组件22、第二绕组220及第二定子铁芯23具有与 印刷电路板组件12、绕组120及定子铁芯13相类似的结构，第二印刷电路板组件22也呈圆环状，在第二印刷电路板组件22的中间具有通光孔223。多个第二绕组220和多个定子铁芯23均沿第二印刷电路板组件22的通光孔223呈环形分布。并且，第二绕组220及第二定子铁芯23的设置位置分别与绕组120及定子铁芯13的位置相对应，第二绕组220及第二定子铁芯23的数量分别与绕组120及定子铁芯13的数量相对应，故，在此不再赘述。
如图8所示，在一些实施例中，第二绕组220也类似地包括第一子绕组2201、第二子绕组2202和第三子绕组2203，并且，第二绕组220中的第一子绕组2201、第二子绕组2202和第三子绕组2203与绕组120中的第一子绕组1201、第二子绕组1202和第三子绕组1203分别相正对。
如图10和图11所示并配合参照图8，与第一实施例所不同的是，在第二实施例的定子铁芯13中未设置定位柱，定位孔134直接设置在定子铁芯13中的扁平部131上，类似地，在第二定子铁芯23上也未设置定位柱，而是直接在其扁平部231上设置定位孔234。
转轴17穿过印刷电路板组件12和第二印刷电路板组件22被分别定位在定子铁芯13的扁平部131和第二定子铁芯23的扁平部231中。转子14通过转轴17可转动地安装在印刷电路板组件12和第二印刷电路板组件22并分别与定子铁芯13的扁平部131和第二定子铁芯23的扁平部231间隔相对。
因此，如图11所示，在第二实施例中，转子14和磁铁15与印刷电路板组件12的绕组120之间存在第一间隔126，转子14和磁铁15与第二印刷电路板组件22的第二绕组220之间存在第二间隔226。
在绕组120和第二绕组220未通电时，磁铁15与定子铁芯13及第二定子铁芯23之间的吸引力保持平衡，电机20呈稳态，转子叶片16处于 打开状态。当绕组120和第二绕组220分别被通电时，在定子铁芯13和第二定子铁芯23的共同作用下分别形成磁场，磁铁15在磁场的作用下发生偏转，带动转子叶片16的转动，从而实现转子叶片16的闭合。
在一些实施例中，第二实施例的快门装置2可以包括垫片18和28，如图11所示，垫片18和28分别与转轴17过盈配合，从而避免转轴17的轴向移动。垫片18设置在印刷电路板组件12与转子叶片16之间；垫片28设置在印刷电路板组件22与转子叶片16之间。
在另一些实施例中，第二实施例的快门装置2还可以包括散热片19和29，如图11所示，散热片19设置在定子铁芯13的扁平部131与印刷电路板组件12之间，其用于将印刷电路板组件12上的热量传递给定子铁芯13进行散热；散热片29设置在第二定子铁芯23的扁平部231与第二印刷电路板组件22之间，其用于将第二印刷电路板组件22上的热量传递给第二定子铁芯23进行散热。
在第二实施例的快门装置2的电机20中，采用在两层定子铁芯13之间设一层转子14的类似三明治的这种“夹层”结构,能够有效地解决定子和转子14间的磁拉力过大的问题。然而，本发明实施例并不应局限于此，在本发明的其他实施例中，电机20也可以类似地采用两层转子14中间设一层定子铁芯13的结构，或者，也可以采用多层定子铁芯13和多层转子14互相穿插的结构，这种类似结构的等同变换均应在本发明的保护范围之内。
第二实施例的快门装置2的电机20相对于第一实施例的电机10来说多增加了一侧的印刷电路板组件及定子铁芯，从而能够减少漏磁，效率更高。
在本文中，术语“某些实施例”、“一个实施例”、“另一个实施例”、“一些实施例”或“另一些实施例”等的描述意指结合所述实施例 描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者条件包含于本发明实施例的至少一个实施例中。在本文中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同实施例。而且，本文中上面所描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者条件可以在任何的一个或多个实施例中以合适的方式结合。
本发明实施例还提供了一种摄像装置，该摄像装置可以采用上面所述的任一种实施例中的快门装置1、2。
本发明实施例的摄像装置具有与上述快门装置1、2相类似的有益技术效果，故在此亦不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的电机、快门装置及摄像装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，可以在具体实施方式及应用范围上做出任何修改、等同替换或改进等，其均应包含在本发明的权利要求书的范围之内。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种电机，其应用于快门装置中，其特征在于：其包括：
    具有绕组的印刷电路板组件，所述印刷电路板组件具有第一侧和第二侧；
    定子铁芯，其安装于所述印刷电路板组件的第一侧，所述绕组围绕所述定子铁芯设置；以及
    转子和安装在所述转子上的磁铁，所述转子和所述磁铁安装于所述印刷电路板组件的第二侧并与所述绕组间隔设置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述绕组集成于所述印刷电路板组件中。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于：所述绕组通过丝网印刷直接形成在所述印刷电路板组件中。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于：所述定子铁芯包括铁芯柱，所述绕组环绕所述铁芯柱从所述印刷电路板组件的第一侧延伸至其第二侧。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于：所述定子铁芯还包括扁平部，所述铁芯柱从所述扁平部向外凸伸出，所述扁平部位于所述印刷电路板组件的所述第一侧。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于：所述转子通过转轴可转动地安装在所述印刷电路板组件上，并与所述定子铁芯的所述扁平部间隔相对。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电机，其特征在于：所述绕组包括第一子绕组、第二子绕组和第三子绕组，所述定子铁芯的所述铁芯柱包括三个，所述第一子绕组、所述第二子绕组和所述第三子绕组中的每一个环绕一个铁芯柱设置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第一子绕组和所述第 二子绕组的中心连线与所述第二子绕组和所述第三子绕组的中心连线的距离相等，其中，所述转子与所述第一子绕组和第二子绕组正对的位置为第一稳定位置，所述转子与所述第二子绕组和第三子绕组正对的位置为第二稳定位置。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第一稳定位置是快门开启状态下所述转子的位置，所述第二稳定位置是快门闭合状态下所述转子的位置。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第一子绕组、所述第二子绕组和所述第三子绕组均匀分布在所述转轴周围。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于：所述磁铁包括N-S极磁铁和S-N极磁铁，在所述电机处于稳态下，所述N-S极磁铁和S-N极磁铁分别与所述第一子绕组和所述第二子绕组正对。
  12. 如权利要求6所述的电机，其特征在于：还包括垫片，所述垫片设置在所述转轴与所述定子铁芯的所述扁平部的定位孔之间，所述垫片与所述转轴过盈配合以防止所述转轴轴向脱出。
  13. 如权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于：在所述定子铁芯的所述扁平部与所述印刷电路板组件之间设置有散热片。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述绕组、所述转子、所述磁铁和所述定子铁芯均包括对应数量的多个。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电机，其特征在于：所述印刷电路板组件具有通光孔，所述多个绕组、所述多个转子和所述多个定子铁芯均沿所述印刷电路板的所述通光孔呈环形分布。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述绕组为集成绕组，所述集成绕组固定到所述印刷电路板组件上。
  17. 如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电机，其特征在于：其还包括：
    具有第二绕组的第二印刷电路板组件，所述第二印刷电路板组件具有 第一侧和第二侧，所述转子和所述磁铁位于所述第二印刷电路板组件的所述第二侧并与所述第二印刷电路板组件的第二绕组间隔设置；及
    第二定子铁芯，其设置于所述第二印刷电路板组件的所述第一侧。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于：所述具有第二绕组的第二印刷电路板组件和所述具有绕组的印刷电路板组件具有基本相同的结构。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于：所述具有第二绕组的第二印刷电路板组件和所述具有绕组的印刷电路板组件将所述转子夹设于两者之间。
  20. 如权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二定子铁芯与所述定子铁芯具有基本相同的结构。
  21. 如权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二定子铁芯与所述定子铁芯将所述第二印刷电路板组件和所述印刷电路板组件夹设于两者之间。
  22. 如权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二绕组和所述第二定子铁芯的位置分别与所述绕组和所述定子铁芯的位置相对应。
  23. 如权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二绕组和所述第二定子铁芯的数量分别与所述绕组和所述定子铁芯的数量相对应。
  24. 如权利要求17所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二绕组集成于所述第二印刷电路板组件中。
  25. 一种快门装置，其特征在于：其包括如权利要求1至24中任一项所述的电机及快门叶片，所述快门叶片连动于所述电机的转子并用于在快门关闭时切换曝光区域的光源，其中，当电机工作时，绕组被通电，所述转子转动以实现所述快门叶片的开闭动作。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的快门装置，其特征在于：所述转子和所述快门叶片一体注塑成型为转子叶片。
  27. 如权利要求25所述的快门装置，其特征在于：所述快门叶片包 括多个，所述电机中的所述转子与所述快门叶片的数量相对应。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的快门装置，其特征在于：所述快门叶片包括至少八个，所述八个快门叶片配合实现其开闭动作。
  29. 一种摄像装置，其特征在于：其包括如权利要求25至28中任一项所述的快门装置。
PCT/CN2019/093100 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 电机、快门装置及摄像装置 WO2020258096A1 (zh)

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