WO2020253877A1 - 一种石膏板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种石膏板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020253877A1
WO2020253877A1 PCT/CN2020/097485 CN2020097485W WO2020253877A1 WO 2020253877 A1 WO2020253877 A1 WO 2020253877A1 CN 2020097485 W CN2020097485 W CN 2020097485W WO 2020253877 A1 WO2020253877 A1 WO 2020253877A1
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Prior art keywords
gypsum board
gypsum
powder
coating
silica sol
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PCT/CN2020/097485
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王丽
陈红霞
尚珺虓
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中建材创新科技研究院有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0871—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

Definitions

  • This article relates to but not limited to building material technology, and particularly relates to but not limited to a gypsum board and a preparation method thereof.
  • the gypsum board is specifically a functional gypsum board with a moisture-sensitive effect.
  • Paper-faced gypsum board is a porous building decoration material. As an environmentally friendly building material, paper-faced gypsum board has the function of micro-adjusting the environmental temperature and humidity. The paper-faced gypsum board with good humidity-control function is usually mixed with humidity-controlling materials in the existing paper-faced gypsum. However, when the porous humidity-controlling material is incorporated, the mechanical properties of the gypsum board are greatly reduced, which limits the humidity-controlling paper. Use of gypsum board.
  • This application prepares a new type of functional paper-faced gypsum board by applying a functional porous moisture-absorbing material and a moisture-absorbing indicator to the surface of the gypsum board.
  • This application provides a gypsum board containing zeolite, diatomaceous earth, silica sol aqueous solution, and silica gel coating to achieve the functions of humidity control and color change.
  • the gypsum board of the present application can not only absorb moisture in the environment, but also release moisture to the environment.
  • the present application provides a gypsum board, the gypsum board comprising a gypsum board substrate and a coating applied on the surface of the gypsum board substrate;
  • the gypsum board substrate raw materials include: gypsum powder, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, silica powder, cement, binder, foaming agent and silica sol solution; the gypsum powder, diatomaceous earth,
  • the dosage ratio of zeolite, silica powder, cement, binder, foaming agent and silica sol solution in parts by weight is (66 to 94): (1 to 5): (1 to 8): (1 to 5): (1 to 5): (0.3 to 1): (0.01 to 0.06): (1 to 10), prepare gypsum board substrate by adding water according to the standard consistency of water;
  • the amount ratio of the gypsum powder, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, silica powder, cement, binder, foaming agent and silica sol solution in the gypsum board substrate raw material may be: :(70 to 90):(1 to 5):(2 to 6):(1 to 3):(1 to 3):(0.3 to 0.9):(0.01 to 0.05):(2 to 10), according to Prepare gypsum board substrate by adding water to standard consistency;
  • the coating materials include: polyacrylic acid emulsion, color-changing silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and silica sol solution, and the amount ratio of the polyacrylic acid emulsion, color-changing silica gel, diatomite and silica sol solution is by weight The parts are counted as (45 to 85): (10 to 40): (0 to 10): (1 to 5).
  • the amount ratio of the polyacrylic acid emulsion, the color-changing silica gel, the diatomaceous earth, and the silica sol solution in the coating material may be (60 to 80): (15 to 35) in parts by weight: (0 to 5): (1 to 4).
  • the cement is selected from one or two of ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement;
  • the cement strength grade is 32.5# to 62.5#.
  • the mass fraction of SiO 2 in the silica sol solution is 29-42%;
  • the particle size of the silica sol particles is 10 nm-70 nm.
  • the gypsum powder is desulfurized gypsum powder
  • the particle size is 80 mesh to 100 mesh
  • the zeolite is in powder form with a particle size of 100-600 mesh;
  • the particle size of the silicon fine powder is 3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the binder is modified starch
  • the modified starch is selected from one or more of modified potato starch, modified tapioca starch, modified sorghum starch and modified corn starch .
  • the particle size of the color-changing silica gel is 80 mesh to 600 mesh.
  • the unit weight (area degree) of the gypsum board is 5 kg/m 2 to 9 kg/m 2 .
  • the thickness of the gypsum board substrate is 9.5 mm to 12 mm, and the thickness of the coating layer is 0.01 mm to 3 mm.
  • the foaming agent is selected from anionic surfactants, and the anionic surfactant is selected from BASF One or two of SASN 812, 3110 and sodium lauryl sulfate;
  • the polyacrylic acid emulsion has a solid content of 40% to 50%, and a pH of 6 to 7.
  • this application provides a method for preparing the gypsum board, including the following steps:
  • step (3) Testing the standard consistency spread of the mixture in step (2) to determine the standard consistency water consumption of the mixture;
  • step (2) In the mixture obtained in step (2), add a silica sol solution and water to achieve the standard consistency of water according to step (3), and add a foaming agent to prepare a slurry;
  • step (4) The slurry prepared in step (4) is lapped and glued with the upper and lower protective paper to form a gypsum board, and dried to a constant weight to obtain a gypsum board substrate;
  • Coating a coating on the surface of the gypsum board substrate The preparation method of the coating is as follows: discoloring silica gel, diatomaceous earth, polyacrylic acid emulsion and silica sol solution are mixed uniformly to obtain the coating coating .
  • step (2) Portland slag cement can also be used to replace ordinary Portland cement
  • the calcination temperature in step (1) is 300° C. to 600° C.
  • the calcination time is 1 h to 4 h.
  • the standard consistency water consumption in step (3) is determined according to the Chinese National Standard GB/T17669.3-1999 standard to determine the standard consistency extension of building gypsum: the gypsum sample is continuously measured according to the following steps Twice. First, wipe the inside of the cylinder and the glass plate of the consistency meter, keep it moist, and place it vertically on the glass plate. Pour the water of the estimated standard consistency into the mixing bowl, weigh 300 g of the gypsum sample and pour it into the water within 5 seconds.
  • the instrument lift button is activated. After the cylinder is lifted, the diameters of the test cakes expanded by the slurry in two vertical directions are measured, and the arithmetic average is calculated. Record the amount of water added when the expansion diameter of the slurry is equal to (180 ⁇ 5) mm, and the gypsum processing equipment calculates the ratio of the added water to the mass of the gypsum pattern, expressed as a percentage. Take the average of the two measurement results as the water consumption for the standard consistency of the plaster pattern, accurate to 1%.
  • the lap-bonding forming in step (5) is specifically laying the slurry on the lower paper, covering it with the paper before the initial setting of the slurry, and spreading it to a specified thickness , And demoulding after the final setting is completed.
  • the drying to constant weight in step (7) specifically refers to passing the coated gypsum board substrate through two or more drying stages with decreasing drying temperature.
  • the drying stage with decreasing drying temperature in step (7) specifically includes first drying at 150°C to 170°C for 40 to 80 minutes, then drying at 100°C to 120°C for 30 to 40 minutes, and finally Dry at 40°C to 50°C to constant weight.
  • any size of color-changing silica gel can be used as the raw material, and it can be used after grinding to a specific size.
  • the color-changing silica gel changes from granular or spherical to powder.
  • the specific surface area of silica gel increases, so that it absorbs moisture and releases moisture. Optimized moisture effect, especially moisture release performance.
  • the silica gel before grinding needs to be dried at a temperature of 100-120°C after it absorbs moisture, that is to say, it releases moisture at a temperature of 100-120°C, while the specific surface area of the silica gel after grinding increases, and it will be dried at room temperature and room temperature. When released to release moisture, the color of the powder will change from pink to white to blue.
  • This patent prepares a paper-faced gypsum board that has strong moisture absorption capacity, is sensitive to changes in environmental relative humidity, and is beautiful and has decorative functions.
  • functional color-changing gypsum board can have a predetermined color change according to design requirements, and can change back to the original color when the conditions are restored to meet the needs of special visual functions. It can create different indoor atmospheres without increasing the cost, and overcome the shortcomings of traditional wallpaper patterns such as single pattern and complicated replacement.
  • functional color-changing wallpaper can also be used in places with special requirements such as humidity and light to play a clear indication.
  • This application solves the problem of bonding between the coating and the substrate.
  • the paper-faced gypsum board prepared in this application does not affect the moisture absorption and release performance of the silica gel coating, but also solves the problem that the coating is easy to fall off.
  • the substrates are bonded together.
  • the moisture absorption and moisture release properties of the gypsum board disclosed in the examples of the application are improved; the areal density is reduced; the slurry performance is also improved, and the construction performance is not affected.
  • the gypsum board prepared in the application also has the function of indicating the relative humidity in the air, and at the same time, its color changing function can change the coating color of the plaster, and has the function of decoration and improving the comfort of the living environment.
  • Figure 1 is the surface color of the moisture-sensitive gypsum board prepared in Example 1 of the application after moisture absorption and after drying. The left picture is after drying, and the right picture is after moisture absorption;
  • Figure 2 is a comparative experiment of this application.
  • the paper-faced gypsum board prepared when the particle size of the discoloring silica gel is 1000 meshes is used. No matter what humidity conditions or in a sunny environment, the gypsum board is coated The layer color does not change.
  • Figure 3 shows the gypsum board made in Comparative Example 3
  • Fig. 4 is the indoor humidity change curve of the gypsum board prepared in the embodiment, the gypsum board prepared in the comparative example, and the gypsum board without installation; through Fig. 4 (the gypsum board of the present application is pasted in a space of 1m*1m*1m (closed space) Each surface has a hole with a diameter of 5mm on the surrounding walls that communicate with the outside world). It can be found that the gypsum board of the present application can stabilize indoor humidity well, avoid changes in indoor humidity that are too high or too low, and help improve people Comfortable living environment.
  • the gypsum board includes a gypsum board substrate and a coating applied on the surface of the gypsum board substrate;
  • the gypsum board substrate raw materials include: gypsum powder, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, silica powder, cement, binder, foaming agent and silica sol solution; the gypsum powder, diatomaceous earth,
  • the dosage ratio of zeolite, silica powder, cement, binder, foaming agent and silica sol solution in parts by weight is (66 to 94): (1 to 5): (1 to 8): (1 to 5): (1 to 5): (0.3 to 1): (0.01 to 0.06): (1 to 10), prepare gypsum board substrate by adding water according to the standard consistency of water;
  • the gypsum board substrate raw material further includes face protection paper
  • the amount ratio of the gypsum powder, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, silica powder, cement, binder, foaming agent, and silica sol solution in the gypsum board substrate material is optionally in parts by weight
  • the count can be: (70 to 90): (1 to 5): (2 to 6): (1 to 3): (1 to 3): (0.3 to 0.9): (0.01 to 0.05): (2 to 10 ), the gypsum board substrate is prepared by adding water according to the standard consistency and water consumption;
  • the coating materials include: polyacrylic acid emulsion, color-changing silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and silica sol solution, and the amount ratio of the polyacrylic acid emulsion, color-changing silica gel, diatomite and silica sol solution is by weight The parts are counted as (45 to 85): (10 to 40): (0 to 10): (1 to 5).
  • the amount ratio of the polyacrylic acid emulsion, the color-changing silica gel, the diatomaceous earth, and the silica sol solution in the coating material may be (60 to 80): (15 to 35):(0 to 5):1.
  • the cement is selected from one or two of ordinary Portland cement and slag Portland cement; optionally, the cement strength grade is 32.5# to 62.5#.
  • the corresponding standard for cement strength grade is China National Standard GB175-2007.
  • the mass fraction of SiO 2 in the silica sol solution is 29% to 42%; optionally, the particle size of the silica sol colloidal silica particles is 10 mm to 70 nm.
  • the solvent of the silica sol solution is water.
  • the silica sol particles are SiO 2 colloidal particles;
  • silica sol and silica sol solution are dispersions of colloidal silica particles in water
  • the gypsum powder is desulfurized gypsum (clinker) powder with a particle size of 80 mesh to 100 mesh; the zeolite is in powder form with a particle size of 100 mesh to 600 mesh; the particle size of the silica powder is 3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the binder is modified starch
  • the modified starch is selected from one or more of modified potato starch, modified tapioca starch, modified sorghum starch and modified corn starch .
  • the particle size of the color-changing silica gel is 80 mesh to 600 mesh.
  • the unit weight of the gypsum board is 5 kg/m 2 to 9 kg/m 2 .
  • the areal density is the weight of a 9.5 mm thick gypsum board per square meter.
  • the thickness of the gypsum board substrate is 9.5 mm to 12 mm, and the thickness of the coating layer is 0.01 mm to 3 mm.
  • the foaming agent is selected from anionic surfactants;
  • the anionic surfactant is selected from BASF Any one or more of SASN 812, 3110 and sodium lauryl sulfate; the sodium lauryl sulfate is K12 of Shandong Jujin Chemical Co., Ltd.;
  • the polyacrylic acid emulsion has a solid content of 40% to 50%.
  • the standard consistency water consumption is determined according to the Chinese national standard GB/T17669.3-1999 standard to determine the standard consistency extension of construction gypsum: the gypsum sample is continuously measured twice according to the following steps. First, wipe the inside of the cylinder and the glass plate of the consistency meter, keep it moist, and place it vertically on the glass plate. Pour the water of the estimated standard consistency of water into the mixing bowl, weigh 300g of gypsum and pour it into the water within 5 seconds.
  • the instrument lift button is activated. After the cylinder is lifted, the diameters of the test cakes expanded by the slurry in two vertical directions are measured, and the arithmetic average is calculated. Record the amount of water added when the expanded diameter of the slurry is equal to (180 ⁇ 5) mm, and the gypsum processing equipment calculates the ratio of the added water to the mass of the gypsum pattern, expressed as a percentage. Take the average of the two measurement results as the water consumption for the standard consistency of the plaster pattern, accurate to 1%.
  • the diatomaceous earth comes from Beijing Shoutong Shunshou Investment Co., Ltd.
  • the zeolite comes from Beijing SDIC Shengshi Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the silica powder comes from Qingdao Bangkai High-tech Materials Co., Ltd.
  • the discoloration The silica gel is blue silica gel and orange silica gel, respectively purchased from Qingdao Silichuang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • silica sol solution was purchased from Qingdao Fusang Refining Processing Co., Ltd., NS-13; polyacrylic acid emulsion was from the production workshop of Longpai Paint Factory (Beixin Building Materials Zhuozhou Branch Coating Factory).
  • color-changing silica gel in a powder squeezing machine and pulverize, and pass through a 200-mesh sieve after pulverization.
  • Mix color-changing silica gel powder 40 g polyacrylic emulsion (solid content 40%-50%, pH value 6-7), 2 g silica sol solution (concentration 29 wt%), and 2 g diatomaceous earth.
  • the above-mentioned mixed liquid was evenly painted on the gypsum board for 10 times, and the brushing interval was 5 minutes.
  • the left picture in Figure 1 is the surface color after drying, and the right picture is the surface color after moisture absorption.
  • white gypsum board (8:00 in the morning, early spring in Beijing, humidity 5-30RH, temperature 5-20°C) placed in the air, around 14:00 in the afternoon, the color turns back to blue; After placing it on the next morning, the color of the plasterboard turned back to pink or white.
  • Example 2 The preparation process and method of Example 2 are exactly the same as that of Example 1, except that the coating formulation is different.
  • the coating formula is as follows:
  • color-changing silica gel in a powder squeezing machine and pulverize, pass through a 200-mesh sieve after pulverization for later use.
  • the color-changing silica gel powder 40 g of polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.8 g of silica sol solution (concentration of 29%), and 2 g of diatomaceous earth are mixed uniformly.
  • the above-mentioned mixed liquid was evenly painted on the gypsum board for 10 times, and the brushing interval was 5 minutes.
  • Example 3 The preparation process and method of Example 3 are exactly the same as that of Example 1, except that the substrate formula is different.
  • the amount of silica sol added in the substrate formulation is 100 g.
  • the substrate preparation process and method of Example 4 are exactly the same as the substrate preparation process and method of Example 1, except that 42.5# Portland Slag Cement (30g) is used in the substrate formulation.
  • the substrate preparation process and method of Example 5 are exactly the same as the substrate preparation process and method of Example 1, except that modified potato starch is used in the substrate formulation.
  • Example 6 The substrate preparation process and method of Example 6 are completely the same as the substrate preparation process and method of Example 1, except that modified sorghum starch is used in the substrate formulation.
  • the substrate preparation process and method of Example 7 are exactly the same as the substrate preparation process and method of Example 1, except that modified corn starch is used in the substrate formulation.
  • the 8 substrate preparation process and method of Example 8 are exactly the same as the substrate preparation process and method of Example 1, except that the foaming agent used in the substrate formulation is sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • gypsum powder Pass 1000 grams of gypsum powder through an 80 mesh sieve. Test the spread of gypsum powder to determine the standard consistency of the mixed powder. According to the standard consistency of water consumption, gypsum powder, modified tapioca starch 6g pre-mixed powder, water, foaming agent (0.3g, SASN812) were stirred together to prepare a slurry. The prepared slurry is spread flat on the bottom paper, and the paper is covered before the slurry is initially set. The thickness of the board is 9.5mm. After the final setting is finished, demould, and place the above board in a drying oven for drying, drying at 160°C for 1 hour, drying at 110°C for 0.5 hours, and then drying at 45°C to constant weight.
  • a drying oven After the final setting is finished, demould, and place the above board in a drying oven for drying, drying at 160°C for 1 hour, drying at 110°C for 0.5 hours, and then drying at 45°C to constant weight.
  • the cut-off size of the above-mentioned plasterboard is 200mm ⁇ 200mm.
  • Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 lies in the fact that no humidity-conditioning coating is applied to the facial paper.
  • the preparation of the gypsum board substrate is the same as in Example 1. The difference lies in the coating.
  • color-changing silica gel in a powder squeezing machine and pulverize, and pass through a 200-mesh sieve after pulverization.
  • the color-changing silica gel powder, 40 g of polyacrylic acid emulsion, 4 g of diatomaceous earth, and 20 g of silica sol solution (concentration of 29%) are mixed uniformly.
  • the above-mentioned prepared gypsum board area density of 6kg/m 2 , thickness of 9.5mm
  • the cut size is 200mm ⁇ 200mm.
  • the above-mentioned mixed liquid was evenly painted on the gypsum board for 10 times, and the brushing interval was 5 minutes.
  • Moisture absorption and desorption performance test According to the Chinese national standard GB/T20312-2006 "Determination of Moisture and Heat Performance and Moisture Absorption Properties of Building Materials and Products", the moisture absorption and desorption properties of the gypsum boards prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested. Details See Table 1.
  • Table 1 Statistics of moisture absorption and desorption performance of gypsum boards prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples
  • Fire stability test The fire stability of the gypsum boards prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples was tested according to the Chinese National Standard GB/T9775-2008 "Paper-faced Gypsum Board” method, and the results are shown in Table 2. Out.
  • Example 1 To Stability under fire/min Example 1 170
  • Example 2 118
  • Example 3 192
  • Example 5 169
  • Example 6 168
  • Example 7 169
  • Example 8 169 Comparative example 1 25 Comparative example 2 79 Comparative example 3 168
  • the gypsum board prepared in this application also has the function of indicating the relative humidity in the air (when the humidity in the air is high, the gypsum board is pink or white; when the humidity in the air is low and the temperature is high, the gypsum board is Blue).
  • its color changing function can change the coating color of the plaster, and has the function of decoration and improving the comfort of the living environment.

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Abstract

一种石膏板及其制备方法，具体为功能型具有湿敏效应的纸面石膏板，由石膏板基板以及涂覆在石膏板基板表面的涂层组成；石膏板基板原料包括：石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液；涂层原料包括：聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土、硅溶胶溶液。该湿敏效应的纸面石膏板在不影响施工性能的前提下，其吸湿性能和放湿性能提高、有指示环境相对湿度的作用，同时其变色功能可以改变纸面石膏的涂层颜色，具有装饰、改善居住环境舒适度的功能。

Description

一种石膏板及其制备方法 技术领域
本文涉及但不限于建筑材料技术，特别涉及但不限于一种石膏板及其制备方法，所述石膏板具体为一种功能型具有湿敏效应的纸面石膏板。
背景技术
除温度外，空气湿度是一个与人们生活和生产有密切关系的重要环境参数。相对湿度对材料的保存、人们的起居生活环境的舒适性都具有重要影响。纸面石膏板是一种多孔性的建筑装饰装修材料，作为环保建材，纸面石膏板对环境温湿度具有微调节功能。调湿功能良好的纸面石膏板通常是在现有纸面石膏中掺入调湿材料，然而当掺入多孔性的调湿材料后石膏板力学性能大幅降低，这就限制了调湿纸面石膏板的使用。
发明概述
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请通过将功能性多孔吸湿材料和吸湿指示剂涂到石膏板表面，制备新型功能纸面石膏板。本申请提供一种包含沸石、硅藻土、硅溶胶水溶液、硅胶涂层的石膏板，来实现调湿和变色功能。本申请的石膏板既可以吸收环境中的水分，也可以向环境释放水分。
实现在纸面石膏板具有高吸湿性能和指示湿度的双重作用，是一种具有装饰性的功能纸面石膏板。
本申请提供了一种石膏板，所述石膏板包含石膏板基板，以及涂覆在石膏板基板表面的涂层；
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏板基板原料包括：石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液；所述石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为(66至94):(1至5):(1至8):(1至5):(1至5):(0.3至1):(0.01至0.06):(1至10)，根据标准稠度用水量加水制备石膏板基板；
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏板基板原料中所述石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、 硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计可以为：(70至90):(1至5):(2至6):(1至3):(1至3):(0.3至0.9):(0.01至0.05):(2至10)，根据标准稠度用水量加水制备石膏板基板；
在本申请实施例中，所述涂层原料包括：聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土和硅溶胶溶液，所述聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为(45至85):(10至40):(0至10):(1至5)。
在本申请实施例中，所述涂层原料中所述聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土、硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计可以为(60至80):(15至35):(0至5):(1至4)。
在本申请实施例中，所述水泥选自普通硅酸盐水泥和矿渣硅酸盐水泥中的一种或两种；
在本申请实施例中，所述水泥强度等级为32.5#至62.5#。
在本申请实施例中，所述硅溶胶溶液中SiO 2的质量分数为29-42％；
在本申请实施例中，所述硅溶胶颗粒粒径为10nm-70nm。
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏粉为脱硫石膏粉；
在本申请实施例中，粒度为80目至100目；
在本申请实施例中，所述沸石为粉末状，粒度为100-600目；
在本申请实施例中，所述硅微粉粒径为3μm至5μm。
在本申请实施例中，所述粘结剂为改性淀粉，所述改性淀粉选自改性马铃薯淀粉、改性木薯淀粉、改性高粱淀粉和改性玉米淀粉中的一种或多种。
在本申请实施例中，所述变色硅胶粒径为80目至600目。
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏板单重(面积度)为5kg/m 2至9kg/m 2。
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏板基板厚度为9.5mm至12mm，所述涂层厚度为0.01mm至3mm。
在本申请实施例中，所述发泡剂选自阴离子表面活性剂，所述阴离子表面活性剂选自BASF
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000001
SASN 812、3110和十二烷基硫酸钠中的一种或两种；
在本申请实施例中，所述聚丙烯酸乳液为固含量40％至50％，pH为6至7。
另一方面，本申请提供了上述石膏板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将硅藻土在干燥箱中烘干并打散；将沸石先煅烧再冷却后待用；
(2)将石膏粉、沸石、硅藻土、硅微粉、普通硅酸盐水泥和粘结剂混合均匀；
(3)测试步骤(2)中的混合物的标准稠度扩展度，以确定所述混合物的标准稠度用水量；
(4)在步骤(2)中得到的混合物中，加入硅溶胶溶液和水，达到按步骤(3)所述标准稠度用水量，并加入发泡剂，制备料浆；
(5)将步骤(4)中制备的料浆与上、下护面纸搭接粘牢成型制得石膏板，并烘干至恒重，得到石膏板基板；
(6)在石膏板基板表面涂覆涂层，所述涂层用涂料的制备方法为：取变色硅胶、硅藻土、聚丙烯酸乳液和硅溶胶溶液混合均匀，即得所述涂层用涂料。
(7)将涂覆有涂层的石膏板基板干燥至恒重。
在本申请提供的制备方法中，步骤(2)中还可以使用矿渣硅酸盐水泥替换普通硅酸盐水泥；
在本申请提供的制备方法中，步骤(1)中所述煅烧温度为300℃至600℃，煅烧时间为1h至4h。
在本申请提供的制备方法中，步骤(3)中的标准稠度用水量依据中国国家标准GB/T17669.3-1999标准测定建筑石膏的标准稠度扩展度：将石膏试样按下述步骤连续测定二次。先将稠度仪的筒体内部及玻璃板擦净，并保持湿润，垂直放置于玻璃板上。将估计的标准稠度用水量的水倒入搅拌碗中，称取石膏试样300g在5s内倒入水中。用拌合棒搅拌30s，得到均匀的石膏浆，然后边搅拌边迅速注入稠度仪简体内，用刮刀刮去溢浆，使浆面与筒体上端面齐平。从石膏试样与水接触开始至50s时，开动仪器提升按钮。待筒体提去后，测定料浆扩展成的试饼两垂直方向上的直径，计算其算术平均值。记 录料浆扩展直径等于(180±5)mm时的加水量，石膏加工设备计算该加水量与石膏式样质量之比，以百分数表示。取二次测定结果平均值作为该石膏式样标准稠度用水量，精确至1％。
在本申请提供的制备方法中，步骤(5)中所述搭接粘牢成型具体为将料浆平铺在下纸上，在料浆初凝前盖上上纸，并将其摊至指定厚度，待终凝完成后脱模。
在本申请提供的制备方法中，步骤(7)中所述干燥至恒重具体为，将涂覆有涂层的石膏板基板经过两个以上烘干温度递减的干燥阶段。
在本申请提供的制备方法中，步骤(7)中所述烘干温度递减的干燥阶段具体为先在150℃至170℃干燥40min至80min，之后在100℃至120℃干燥30min至40min，最后在40℃至50℃烘干至恒重。
本申请可以选用任意尺寸的变色硅胶作为原料，研磨到特定尺寸后即可使用，研磨后的变色硅胶从颗粒状、球状，变成了粉末状，硅胶的比表面积增大，这样其吸湿、放湿效果优化，尤其是放湿性能。研磨前的硅胶吸湿后需要在100-120℃的温度下进行烘干，也就是说在100-120℃的温度下放湿，而研磨后的硅胶比表面积增大，在常温、室温条件下就会放生放湿，粉末颜色会从粉红、白色变成蓝色。
本专利制备了一种吸湿能力很强、对环境相对湿度变化具有敏感指示作用的，同时美观具有装饰功能的纸面石膏板。
与普通纸面石膏板不同，功能变色纸面石膏板可以按照设计要求而出现预定的颜色变化，并可以在条件恢复时变回原来的颜色，满足特殊的视觉功能需求。可以在不增加较多成本的情况下，营造出不同的室内气氛，克服了传统墙纸图案单一和更换复杂等缺点。此外，功能性变色墙纸还可运用于对湿度、光照等有特殊要求的场所起到明确指示作用。
本申请解决了涂层与基板的粘结问题，本申请制备的纸面石膏板既不影响硅胶涂层吸放湿性能，又解决涂层易掉粉的问题，同时实现硅胶涂层牢固的跟基板结合在一起。
本申请实施例公开的石膏板吸湿性能和放湿性能提高；面密度降低；料 浆性能也有改进，施工性能不受影响。本申请制备出的石膏板还具有指示空气中的相对湿度的作用，同时其变色功能可以改变纸面石膏的涂层颜色，具有装饰、改善居住环境舒适度的功能。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图概述
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1为本申请实施例1制备的湿敏效应的纸面石膏板吸湿后以及烘干后的表面颜色，其中左图为烘干后，右图为吸湿后；
图2为本申请的对比实验，参照实施例1的制备方法使用变色硅胶粒度为1000目时制备的纸面石膏板，无论放在什么湿度条件下或者放在阳光充足的环境下，石膏板涂层颜色不发生变化。
图3为对比例3制得的石膏板；
图4为装有实施例制备的石膏板、对比例制备的石膏板、以及无装石膏板的室内湿度变化曲线；通过图4(将本申请石膏板贴在1m*1m*1m空间(密闭空间的每个面均有直径为5mm的孔跟外界互通)的四周围墙壁上)可以发现本申请的石膏板能够很好的稳定室内湿度，避免室内湿度过高或过低变化，有利于改善人居环境舒适度。
详述
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文中将对本申请的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
本申请实施例详细描述了一种石膏板，所述石膏板包含石膏板基板，以及涂覆在石膏板基板表面的涂层；
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏板基板原料包括：石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、 硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液；所述石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为(66至94):(1至5):(1至8):(1至5):(1至5):(0.3至1):(0.01至0.06):(1至10)，根据标准稠度用水量加水制备石膏板基板；
在申请实施例中，所述石膏板基板原料还包括护面纸；
在本申请实施例中，可选地所述石膏板基板原料中所述石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计可以为：(70至90):(1至5):(2至6):(1至3):(1至3):(0.3至0.9):(0.01至0.05):(2至10)，根据标准稠度用水量加水制备石膏板基板；
在本申请实施例中，所述涂层原料包括：聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土和硅溶胶溶液，所述聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为(45至85):(10至40):(0至10):(1至5)。
在本申请实施例中，可选地所述涂层原料中所述聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土、硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计可以为(60至80):(15至35):(0至5):1。
在本申请实施例中，所述水泥选自普通硅酸盐水泥和矿渣硅酸盐水泥中的一种或两种；可选地，所述水泥强度等级为32.5#至62.5#。水泥强度等级对应的标准为中国国家标准GB175-2007。
在本申请实施例中，所述硅溶胶溶液中SiO 2的质量分数为29％至42％；可选地，所述硅溶胶二氧化硅胶体颗粒粒径为10mm至70nm。所述硅溶胶溶液的溶剂为水。所述硅溶胶颗粒为SiO 2胶体颗粒；
在本申请实施例中，硅溶胶和硅溶胶溶液均为二氧化硅胶体颗粒在水中的分散液
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏粉为脱硫石膏(熟料)粉，粒度为80目至100目；所述沸石为粉末状，粒度为100目至600目；所述硅微粉粒径为3μm至5μm。
在本申请实施例中，所述粘结剂为改性淀粉，所述改性淀粉选自改性马铃薯淀粉、改性木薯淀粉、改性高粱淀粉和改性玉米淀粉中的一种或多种。
在本申请实施例中，所述变色硅胶粒径为80目至600目。
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏板单重为5kg/m 2至9kg/m 2。所述面密度为9.5mm厚的每平方米石膏板的重量。
在本申请实施例中，所述石膏板基板厚度为9.5mm至12mm，所述涂层厚度为0.01mm至3mm。
在本申请实施例中，所述发泡剂选自阴离子表面活性剂；所述阴离子表面活性剂选自BASF
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000002
SASN 812、3110和十二烷基硫酸钠中的任意一种或更多种；所述十二烷基硫酸钠为山东俱进化工有限公司K12；
在本申请实施例中，所述聚丙烯酸乳液为固含量40％至50％。
此外，在本申请实施例中，所述标准稠度用水量依据中国国家标准GB/T17669.3-1999标准测定建筑石膏的标准稠度扩展度：将石膏试样按下述步骤连续测定二次。先将稠度仪的筒体内部及玻璃板擦净，并保持湿润，垂直放置于玻璃板上。将估计的标准稠度用水量的水倒入搅拌碗中，称取石膏式样300g在5s内倒入水中。用拌合棒搅拌30s，得到均匀的石膏浆，然后边搅拌边迅速注入稠度仪简体内，用刮刀刮去溢浆，使浆面与筒体上端面齐平。从石膏式样与水接触开始至50s时，开动仪器提升按钮。待筒体提去后，测定料浆扩展成的试饼两垂直方向上的直径，计算其算术平均值。记录料浆扩展直径等于(180±5)mm时的加水量，石膏加工设备计算该加水量与石膏式样质量之比，以百分数表示。取二次测定结果平均值作为该石膏式样标准稠度用水量，精确至1％。
在本申请中，所述硅藻土来自北京首通顺收投资有限责任公司；所述沸石来自北京国投盛世科技股份有限公司；所述硅微粉来自青岛邦凯高新技术材料有限公司；所述变色硅胶为蓝色硅胶、橙色硅胶，分别购自青岛硅创精细化工有限公司、上海威极包装材料公司，可为任意尺寸的颗粒的变色硅胶；所述改性淀粉购自赵全营淀粉厂；水泥来自市售钻牌42.5#硅酸盐水泥，钻牌42.5#矿渣硅酸盐水泥；硅溶胶溶液购自青岛扶桑精制加工有限公司，NS-13；聚丙烯酸乳液来自龙牌涂料厂生产车间(北新建材涿州分公司涂料厂)。
实施例1
将石膏粉1000克过80目筛。沸石60g过200目筛，然后将沸石置于马弗炉中(400℃)煅烧2h后放干燥器中冷却备用。硅藻土50g在烘箱中烘干打散后备用。将处理后的石膏粉、沸石、硅藻土以及硅微粉(30g)、强度等级为42.5#的普通硅酸盐水泥(30g)、改性木薯淀粉(7g)混合均匀；测试混合粉的扩展度以此确定混合粉的标准稠度用水量。称取浓度为40wt％的硅溶胶溶液25g，按标准稠度用水量和硅溶胶溶液中的水的含量，称取拌合水，将拌合水与混合粉、发泡剂(0.35g，
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000003
SASN812)一起搅拌，制备料浆。制备的料浆平铺在下护面纸上，在料浆初凝前盖上上护面纸，板材厚度为9.5mm。待终凝完成脱模。
将20g变色硅胶置于粉粹机中粉碎，粉碎后过200目筛待用。将变色硅胶粉、40g聚丙烯酸乳液(固含量40％-50％，pH值6-7)、2g硅溶胶溶液(浓度为29wt％)、2g硅藻土混合均匀。取上述制备纸面石膏板(面密度为6kg/m 2,厚度为9.5mm)，截取尺寸为:200mm×200mm。将上述混合液分10次均匀涂刷在纸面石膏板上，涂刷间隔时间为5min。
将上述板置于干燥箱烘干，在160℃干燥1小时，在110℃干燥0.5小时，然后在45℃烘干至恒重。
图1中左图是烘干后表层颜色，右图是吸湿后表层颜色。将上述实施例1制备的纸面石膏板置于45℃烘箱半个小时颜色呈蓝色，在气候箱(温度25℃，湿度70％)中放置2h的颜色呈粉色或白色，将变成粉色或白色的纸面石膏板(早上8：00，北京初春季节，湿度5-30RH，温度5-20℃左右)置于空气中，约至下午14：00左右，发现颜色变回蓝色；再置于第二天早上发现石膏板颜色变回至粉色或白色。
实施例2
实施例2跟实施例1制备工艺和方法完全相同，不同之处在于涂层配方不同。涂层配方如下：
将8g变色硅胶置于粉粹机中粉碎，粉碎后过200目筛待用。将变色硅胶粉、40g聚丙烯酸乳液、0.8g硅溶胶溶液(浓度为29％)、2g硅藻土混合均匀。取上述制备纸面石膏板(面密度为6kg/m 2,厚度为9.5mm)，截取尺寸为:200mm×200mm。将上述混合液分10次均匀涂刷在纸面石膏板上，涂刷间 隔时间为5min。
实施例3
实施例3跟实施例1制备工艺和方法完全相同，不同之处在于基板配方不同。基板配方中的硅溶胶的添加量为100g。
实施例4
实施例4的基板制备工艺和方法跟实施例1基板制备工艺和方法完全相同，不同之处在于基板配方中的使用的是42.5#的矿渣硅酸盐水泥(30g)。
实施例5
实施例5的基板制备工艺和方法跟实施例1基板制备工艺和方法完全相同，不同之处在于基板配方中的使用的是改性马铃薯淀粉。
实施例6
实施例6的基板制备工艺和方法跟实施例1基板制备工艺和方法完全相同，不同之处在于基板配方中的使用的是改性高粱淀粉。
实施例7
实施例7的基板制备工艺和方法跟实施例1基板制备工艺和方法完全相同，不同之处在于基板配方中的使用的是改性玉米淀粉。
实施例8
实施例的8基板制备工艺和方法跟实施例1基板制备工艺和方法完全相同，不同之处在于基板配方中的使用的是发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。
对比例1
将石膏粉1000克过80目筛。测试石膏粉的扩展度以此确定混合粉的标准稠度用水量。按标准稠度用水量，石膏粉、改性木薯淀粉6g的预混粉与水、发泡剂(0.3g，
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000004
SASN812)一起搅拌，制备料浆。制备的料浆平铺在下纸上，在料浆初凝前盖上上纸，板材厚度为9.5mm。待终凝完成后脱模，并将上述板置于干燥箱烘干，在160℃干燥1小时，在110℃干燥0.5小时，然后在45℃烘干至恒重。
上述纸面石膏板截取尺寸为:200mm×200mm。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于护面纸上不涂覆调湿涂料。
对比例3
石膏板基板制备与实施例1相同。不同的地方在于涂层不同。
将20g变色硅胶置于粉粹机中粉碎，粉碎后过200目筛待用。将变色硅胶粉、40g聚丙烯酸乳液、4g硅藻土、20g硅溶胶溶液(浓度为29％)混合均匀。取上述制备纸面石膏板(面密度为6kg/m 2,厚度为9.5mm)，截取尺寸为:200mm×200mm。将上述混合液分10次均匀涂刷在纸面石膏板上，涂刷间隔时间为5min。
对比例3制得的石膏板如图3所示。
性能测试
1、吸放湿性能测试：依据中国国家标准GB/T20312-2006《建筑材料及制品的湿热性能吸湿性能的测定》，测试实施例和对比例中制备出的石膏板的吸放湿性能，详见表1。
表1：实施例和对比例中制备出的石膏板的吸放湿性能统计
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000005
2、耐火稳定性测试：依据中国国家标准GB/T9775-2008《纸面石膏板》方法测试实施例1-8和对比例中制备出的石膏板的遇火稳定性，结果在表2中示出。
表2 实施例和对比例中制备出的石膏板的遇火稳定性
  遇火稳定性/min
实施例1 170
实施例2 118
实施例3 192
实施例4 171
实施例5 169
实施例6 168
实施例7 169
实施例8 169
对比例1 25
对比例2 79
对比例3 168
从表2中可以看出，本申请实施例制备出的石膏板的遇火稳定时间显著长于不涉及涂层的对比例。
3、力学性能测试：依据中国国家标准GB/T17669.3-1999标准方法测试实施例1-8和对比例中制备出的石膏板的力学性能，结果在表3中示出。
表3 实施例和对比例中制备的石膏板力学性能测试
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000007
表4 石膏板吸水率测试
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000008
从表3中可以看出，本申请实施例制备出的石膏板，其力学性能相对于不涉及涂层的对比例得到改进，有利于板材的制备；同时，纸面石膏板的力学性能并没受到影响。吸水率测试参考中国国家标准GB/T9775-2008《纸面石膏板》中的6.5.13。软化系数(吸水率高的制品其软化系数小)是衡量石膏制品耐水性能的一个重要的指标，软化系数小说明石膏制品的耐水性能较差。通过表4可以发现本申请制备的纸面石膏板的耐水性能有所改善。
表5 实施例和对比例中制备出的石膏板的基本性能
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000010
表6 护面纸和板芯的粘结效果比较
Figure PCTCN2020097485-appb-000011
表7 实施例板材面密度和吸放湿性能比较
  石膏板面密度kg/m 2
实施例1 6
实施例4 6
实施例8 6.02
由此可以看出，本申请提供的具有调湿性能的纸面石膏板，其吸湿性能和放湿性能提高。本申请制备出的石膏板还具有指示空气中的相对湿度的作用(当空气中湿度较大时，石膏板为粉红色或是白色；当空气中湿度较小，温度较高时，石膏板为蓝色)，同时其变色功能可以改变纸面石膏的涂层颜色，具有装饰、改善居住环境舒适度的功能。
本公开内容是本申请实施例的原则的示例，并非对本申请做出任何形式上或实质上的限定，或将本申请限定到具体的实施方案。对本领域的技术人员而言，很显然本申请实施例的技术方案的要素、方法和系统等，可以进行变动、改变、改动、演变，而不背离如上所述的本申请的实施例、技术方案的，如权利要求中所定义的原理、精神和范围。这些变动、改变、改动、演变的实施方案均包括在本申请的等同实施例内，这些等同实施例均包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。虽然可以许多不同形式来使本申请实施例具体化，但此处详细描述的是本申请的一些实施方案。此外，本申请的实施例包括此处所述的各种实施方案的一些或全部的任意可能的组合，也包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。在本申请中或在任一个引用的专利、引用的专利申请或其它引用的资料中任何地方所提及的所有专利、专利申请和其它引用资料据此通过引用以其整体并入。
以上公开内容规定为说明性的而不是穷尽性的。对于本领域技术人员来说，本说明书会暗示许多变化和可选择方案。所有这些可选择方案和变化旨在被包括在本权利要求的范围内，其中术语“包括”意思是“包括，但不限于”。
在此完成了对本申请可选择的实施方案的描述。本领域技术人员可认识到此处所述的实施方案的其它等效变换，这些等效变换也为由附于本文的权利要求所包括。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种石膏板，其中，所述石膏板包含石膏板基板和涂层，所述涂层涂覆在石膏板基板的表面；
    所述石膏板基板原料包括：石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液；所述涂层的原料包括：聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土和硅溶胶溶液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的石膏板，其中，所述石膏板基板原料中所述石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为(66至94):(1至5):(1至8):(1至5):(1至5):(0.3至1):(0.01至0.06):(1至10)，根据标准稠度用水量加水制备石膏板基板；
    所述涂层原料中所述聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为(45至85):(10至40):(0至10):(1至5)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的石膏板，其中，所述石膏板基板原料中所述石膏粉、硅藻土、沸石、硅微粉、水泥、粘结剂、发泡剂和硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为：(70至90):(1至5):(2至6):(1至3):(1至3):(0.3至0.9):(0.01至0.05):(2至10)，根据标准稠度用水量加水制备石膏板基板；
    所述涂层的原料中，所述聚丙烯酸乳液、变色硅胶、硅藻土、硅溶胶溶液的用量比按重量份计为(60至80):(15至35):(0至5):(1至4)。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的石膏板，其中，所述石膏板单重为5-9kg/m 2，所述石膏板基板厚度可以为9.5mm至12mm，所述涂层厚度可以为0.01mm至3mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的石膏板，其中，所述石膏粉为脱硫石膏粉；所述石膏粉粒度可以为80目至100目；
    所述沸石为粉末状；所述沸石粒度可以为100目至600目；
    所述硅微粉粒径可以为3μm至5μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的石膏板，其中，所述水泥选自普通硅酸盐水泥和矿渣硅酸盐水泥中的任意一种或两种；所述水泥强度等级可 以为32.5#-62.5#；
    所述硅溶胶溶液中的SiO 2的质量分数可以为29％至42％；所述硅溶胶颗粒粒径可以为10nm至70nm；
    所述粘结剂为可以改性淀粉，所述改性淀粉可以选自改性马铃薯淀粉、改性木薯淀粉、改性高粱淀粉和改性玉米淀粉中的任意一种或更多种。
  7. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的石膏板，其中，所述变色硅胶粒径为80目至600目；
    所述发泡剂可以选自阴离子表面活性剂；
    所述聚丙烯酸乳液可以为固含量40％至50％；所述丙烯酸乳液的pH值可以为6至7。
  8. 权利要求1至7中任一项所述的石膏板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
    (1)将所述硅藻土在干燥箱中烘干并打散；将所述沸石先煅烧再冷却后待用；
    (2)将所述石膏粉、所述沸石、所述硅藻土、所述硅微粉、所述水泥和所述粘结剂混合均匀；
    (3)测试步骤(2)中的混合物的标准稠度扩展度，以确定所述混合物的标准稠度用水量；
    (4)在步骤(2)中得到的混合物中，加入硅溶胶溶液和水，达到按步骤(3)所述标准稠度用水量，并加入发泡剂，制备料浆；
    (5)将步骤(4)中制备的料浆与上、下护面纸搭接粘牢成型制得石膏板，并烘干至恒重，得到石膏板基板；
    (6)在湿板表面涂覆涂层，所述涂层用涂料的制备方法为：取变色硅胶、硅藻土、聚丙烯酸乳液和硅溶胶溶液混合均匀，即得所述涂层用涂料；
    (7)将涂覆有涂层的石膏板基板干燥至恒重。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的石膏板的制备方法，其中，步骤(1)中所述煅烧温度为300℃至600℃，煅烧时间为1h至4h。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的石膏板制备方法，其中，步骤(7)中所述干 燥至恒重具体为，将涂覆有涂层的石膏板基板经过两个以上烘干温度递减的干燥阶段。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的石膏板制备方法，其中，所述烘干温度递减的干燥阶段具体为先在150℃-170℃干燥40min-80min，之后在100℃-120℃干燥30min-40min，最后在40℃-50℃烘干至恒重。
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