WO2020241842A1 - 透明導電フィルムの製造方法 - Google Patents
透明導電フィルムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020241842A1 WO2020241842A1 PCT/JP2020/021401 JP2020021401W WO2020241842A1 WO 2020241842 A1 WO2020241842 A1 WO 2020241842A1 JP 2020021401 W JP2020021401 W JP 2020021401W WO 2020241842 A1 WO2020241842 A1 WO 2020241842A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bar
- transparent conductive
- coating
- conductive film
- manufactured
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/12—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0026—Apparatus for manufacturing conducting or semi-conducting layers, e.g. deposition of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/006—Patterns of chemical products used for a specific purpose, e.g. pesticides, perfumes, adhesive patterns; use of microencapsulated material; Printing on smoking articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0036—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a transparent conductive film. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a transparent conductive film containing metal nanowires by a bar coating method.
- Transparent conductive films include liquid crystal displays (LCDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), organic electroluminescent displays, transparent electrodes for solar cells (PV) and touch panels (TP), antistatic (ESD) films, and It is used in various fields such as electromagnetic wave shielding (EMI) films.
- LCDs liquid crystal displays
- PDPs plasma display panels
- TP touch panels
- ESD antistatic films
- ITO indium tin oxide
- touch panels have also been adopted in smartphones, car navigation systems, vending machines, etc.
- touch panels are also required to be foldable.
- a foldable transparent conductive film that is, a transparent conductive film having excellent bending resistance is indispensable. Therefore, the development of metal nanowire films as next-generation transparent conductive films is in progress.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a transparent conductive film using a slot die coater having a slot die as a coating step of silver nanowire ink. Further, in order to solve the in-plane resistance anisotropy, the shear rate (printing speed / spacing between the tip of the slot die head and the film) is specified. However, the printing speed is limited by the capacity of the manufacturing equipment (especially the drying equipment).
- Patent Document 2 also shows a slot die coater as a coating process of silver nanowire ink. It is disclosed that in order to solve the in-plane resistance anisotropy, it is effective to blow air toward the substrate from a direction different from the printing direction in the drying step. However, new equipment that blows air from different directions is required.
- Patent Document 3 shows gravure printing as a coating process of silver nanowire ink. However, no description or suggestion has been made regarding the solution of in-plane resistance anisotropy.
- the problem is that the resistance value in the printing direction ( RMD ) and the resistance value in the direction perpendicular to the printing direction ( RTD ) are different, that is, anisotropy occurs. Is.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive film having good in-plane resistance value anisotropy in addition to good optical characteristics and electrical characteristics.
- the present invention includes the following embodiments.
- a preparation step of preparing a coating liquid containing the metal nanowire and the binder resin and the coating liquid on one main surface of a transparent base material a method of printing a bar coat method using a grooved bar having a pitch (P) to depth (H) ratio P / H of 5 to 30 in the coating step, which includes a coating step of coating.
- a transparent conductive film having a small in-plane resistance value anisotropy is provided by printing a coating liquid containing metal nanowires and a binder resin by a bar coating method. it can.
- embodiments for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described.
- the method for producing a transparent conductive film according to the embodiment includes a preparation step of preparing a coating liquid containing metal nanowires and a binder resin, and a coating step of applying the coating liquid to one main surface of a transparent base material (transparent film).
- a bar coating method using a grooved bar having a pitch (P) to depth (H) ratio P / H of 5 to 30 is used.
- a protective film which will be described later, may be formed on the transparent conductive film produced by the method for producing the transparent conductive film.
- the transparent substrate may be colored, but the total light transmittance (transparency to visible light) is preferably high, and the total light transmittance is preferably 80% or more.
- a resin film such as polyester (polyethylene terephthalate [PET], polyethylene naphthalate [PEN], etc.), polycarbonate, acrylic resin (polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA], etc.), cycloolefin polymer and the like can be preferably used.
- these transparent substrates may be provided with a single layer having functions such as easy adhesion, optical adjustment (anti-glare, anti-reflection, etc.), hard coat, etc., as long as the optical properties, electrical properties, and bending resistance are not impaired.
- a plurality of layers may be provided, and these layers may be provided on one side or both sides.
- these resin films polyethylene terephthalate and cycloolefin polymers are preferably used from the viewpoints of excellent light transmission (transparency), flexibility, mechanical properties and the like.
- the polyethylene terephthalate Cosmo Shine (registered trademark, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- cycloolefin polymer examples include norbornene hydride ring-opening metathesis polymerized cycloolefin polymer (ZEONOR (registered trademark, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), ZEONEX (registered trademark, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), ARTON (registered trademark, manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd.). , Etc.), norbornene / ethylene-added copolymerized cycloolefin polymer (APEL (registered trademark, manufactured by Mitsui Kagaku Co., Ltd.), TOPAS (registered trademark, manufactured by Polyplastics Co., Ltd.)) can be used.
- ZEONOR registered trademark, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- ZEONEX registered trademark, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- ARTON registered trademark, manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd.
- Etc. norbornene / ethylene-added
- the thickness of the transparent base material varies depending on the application, but it is preferable to use a transparent base material having a thickness of 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the term "transparent" means that the total light transmittance is 70% or more.
- metal nanowires can be preferably used as the conductive material constituting the conductive layer formed on the transparent base material.
- the metal nanowire is a metal having a diameter on the order of nanometers, and is a conductive material having a wire-like shape.
- metal nanotubes which are conductive materials having a porous or non-porous tubular shape, may be used together with (mixed with) the metal nanowires or instead of the metal nanowires.
- both “wire-like” and “tube-like” are linear, but the former is intended to have a hollow center and the latter to be hollow in the center.
- the properties may be flexible or rigid.
- metal nanowires in a narrow sense The former is referred to as “metal nanowires in a narrow sense” and the latter is referred to as “metal nanotubes in a narrow sense”.
- metal nanowires are used in the meaning of including metal nanowires in a narrow sense and metal nanotubes in a narrow sense.
- Metal nanowires in a narrow sense and metal nanotubes in a narrow sense may be used alone or in combination.
- the "conductive layer” is a thin film having a thickness of 20 to 200 nm containing the metal nanowires and a binder resin described later, and is not necessarily limited to a uniform thickness.
- metal nanowires As a method for producing metal nanowires, a known production method can be used. For example, silver nanowires can be synthesized by reducing silver nitrate in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone using the Poly-ol method (see Chem. Matter., 2002, 14, 4736). Gold nanowires can also be similarly synthesized by reducing chloroauric acid hydrate in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (see J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 1733). The techniques for large-scale synthesis and purification of silver nanowires and gold nanowires are described in detail in International Publication No. 2008/073143 and International Publication No. 2008/046058.
- Gold nanotubes having a porous structure can be synthesized by reducing a gold chloride solution using silver nanowires as a template.
- the silver nanowires used in the template dissolve in the solution by a redox reaction with chloroauric acid, and as a result, gold nanotubes having a porous structure are formed (JAm. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 3892). See -3901).
- the average diameter (average diameter) of the metal nanowires is preferably 1 to 500 nm, more preferably 5 to 200 nm, further preferably 5 to 100 nm, and particularly preferably 10 to 50 nm.
- the average length (average length) of the major axis of the metal nanowire is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 80 ⁇ m, further preferably 2 to 70 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter and the average length of the major axis satisfy the above range, and the average aspect ratio is preferably larger than 5, more preferably 10 or more, and more than 100. It is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that it is 200 or more.
- the aspect ratio is a value obtained by a / b when the average diameter of the metal nanowire is approximated to b and the average length of the major axis is approximated to a.
- a and b can be measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope. Specifically, for b (average diameter), the diameter of 100 arbitrarily selected silver nanowires was measured using a field emission scanning electron microscope JSM-7000F (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), and the arithmetic average value was used. Can be sought.
- the shape measurement laser microscope VK-X200 manufactured by Keyence Co., Ltd. was used to calculate a (average length), and the lengths of 100 arbitrarily selected silver nanowires were measured, and the arithmetic mean value thereof was measured. Can be obtained as.
- such a metal nanowire As the material of such a metal nanowire, at least one selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, zinc, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium, osmium, and iridium, and metals thereof. Examples include alloys that combine the above.
- Optimal embodiments include silver nanowires.
- the conductive layer contains metal nanowires and a binder resin.
- the binder resin can be applied without limitation as long as it has transparency, but when a metal nanowire using the polyol method is used as the conductive material, from the viewpoint of compatibility with the manufacturing solvent (polyol). , It is preferable to use a binder resin that is soluble in alcohol or water. As used herein, "soluble in alcohol or water” means that 0.1 g or more of the binder resin is dissolved in 1 L of alcohol or water.
- water-soluble cellulosic resins such as poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose, butyral resin, and poly-N-vinylacetamide (PNVA (registered trademark)) can be used.
- the above resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are combined, a simple mixture may be used, or a copolymer may be used.
- Poly-N-vinylacetamide is a homopolymer of N-vinylacetamide (NVA), but a copolymer containing 70 mol% or more of N-vinylacetamide (NVA) can also be used.
- Examples of the monomer copolymerizable with NVA include N-vinylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sodium acrylate, sodium methacrylate, acrylamide, acrylonitrile and the like.
- the sheet resistance of the obtained transparent conductive pattern increases, the adhesion between the silver nanowires and the substrate tends to decrease, and the heat resistance (thermal decomposition start temperature) also decreases.
- the monomer unit derived from N-vinylacetamide is preferably contained in the polymer in an amount of 70 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, and further preferably 90 mol% or more.
- Polymers (homomopolymers and copolymers) containing N-vinylacetamide as a monomer unit preferably have a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 4 million, more preferably 100,000 to 3 million. It is more preferably 300,000 to 1,500,000.
- the absolute molecular weight is measured by the following method.
- the binder resin was dissolved in the following eluent and allowed to stand for 20 hours.
- the concentration of the binder resin in this solution is 0.05% by mass.
- the conductive layer is formed by printing a conductive ink (metal nanowire ink) containing the metal nanowires, a binder resin and a solvent as a coating liquid on at least one main surface of a transparent base material, and drying and removing the solvent. ..
- a conductive ink metal nanowire ink
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the metal nanowires exhibit good dispersibility and the binder resin dissolves in the solvent.
- a solvent for producing the same from the viewpoint of compatibility with (polyol), alcohol, water or a mixed solvent of alcohol and water is preferable.
- the alcohol is a saturated monohydric alcohol (methanol, ethanol, normal propanol and isopropanol) having 1 to 3 carbon atoms represented by C n H 2n + 1 OH (n is an integer of 1 to 3) [hereinafter, simply "carbon”. Notated as “saturated monohydric alcohol with 1 to 3 atoms"]. It is preferable to contain 40% by mass or more of saturated monohydric alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the total alcohol. It is convenient in the process to use a saturated monohydric alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms because it can be easily dried.
- an alcohol other than the saturated monohydric alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms represented by C n H 2n + 1 OH (n is an integer of 1 to 3) can also be used in combination.
- Alcohols other than saturated monohydric alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms represented by C n H 2n + 1 OH (n is an integer of 1 to 3) that can be used in combination include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and ethylene.
- Glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether and the like can be mentioned.
- the drying rate can be adjusted by using these in combination with the saturated monohydric alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms represented by the above C n H 2n + 1 OH (n is an integer of 1 to 3).
- the total alcohol content in the mixed solvent is preferably 5 to 90% by mass. If the content of alcohol in the mixed solvent is less than 5% by mass or more than 90% by mass, a striped pattern (coating spot) may occur when coating is performed, which may be inappropriate.
- the conductive ink can be produced by stirring and mixing the binder resin, metal nanowires, and solvent with a rotation / revolution stirrer or the like.
- the content of the binder resin contained in the conductive ink is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% by mass.
- the content of the metal nanowires contained in the conductive ink is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1.0% by mass.
- the content of the solvent contained in the conductive ink is preferably in the range of 98.0 to 99.98% by mass.
- a conductive ink having a viscosity of 1 to 50 mPa ⁇ s can be obtained, and this is printed on the main surface of the transparent base material, and the solvent is dried and removed to form a conductive layer having a film thickness of 20 to 200 nm. can get.
- the more preferable viscosity of the conductive ink is 1 to 20 mPa ⁇ s, and the more preferable viscosity is 1 to 10 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity is a value measured at 25 ° C. with a digital viscometer DV-E (spindle: SC4-18) manufactured by Brookfield.
- the transparent conductive film manufacturing method examples include printing methods such as a bar coat printing method, a gravure printing method, an inkjet method, and a slit coating method.
- the bar coat printing method has good coatability of low-viscosity ink and is excellent in forming a thin film.
- the bar coat printing method can print low-viscosity ink containing inorganic or metal particles without clogging.
- the method for producing a transparent conductive film of the present embodiment includes a step of applying the conductive ink to at least one side (one main surface) of a transparent base material by a bar coating method and drying it.
- the coating is preferably carried out in the range of 20 to 30 ° C. in an air atmosphere. Drying after coating is preferably carried out in the range of 60 to 100 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes in an air atmosphere.
- the bar coater in the above bar coat printing method is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Bars used for bar coaters include Meyer bars (or wire bars) with wires wrapped around them and wireless bars that do not wind wires and cut bars to form grooves, but wireless bars are preferable for the reasons described below. is there.
- the speed V (mm / sec) (hereinafter referred to as “coating speed”) of applying the conductive ink to at least one surface (one main surface) of the transparent base material by the bar coating method is the relative moving speed of the bar with respect to the transparent base material. That is, it means the moving speed of the bar with respect to the transparent base material at the time of coating or the transport speed of the transparent base material with respect to the bar.
- V (mm / sec) is preferably 2000 ⁇ V ⁇ 50. When V ⁇ 50, it is preferable for producing a transparent conductive film having good productivity and low in-plane resistance anisotropy of the conductive layer.
- V in-plane resistance value anisotropy
- a more preferred upper limit of V (mm / sec) is 1000, a more preferred upper limit is 700, and a particularly preferred upper limit is 500.
- the more preferable lower limit value of V is 100, and the more preferable lower limit value is 350.
- the smaller the value of the friction coefficient of the material constituting the bar surface the more the conductive layer having less in-plane resistance anisotropy is formed without coating unevenness (including blurring).
- the lower limit of V (mm / sec) that can be produced tends to be small.
- the preferable range of V (mm / sec) is 2000 ⁇ V ⁇ 50, and the more preferable range is 1000 ⁇ V ⁇ 100.
- a more preferable range is 500 ⁇ V ⁇ 100.
- the preferable range of V (mm / sec) is 2000 ⁇ V ⁇ 350, and the more preferable range is 1000 ⁇ V ⁇ 350.
- a more preferable range is 700 ⁇ V ⁇ 350, and a particularly preferable range is 500 ⁇ V ⁇ 350.
- FIG. 1 (a), (b), and (c) show schematic views for explaining the shape of the groove formed in the bar used for the bar coater.
- FIG. 1 (a) is an example of a wireless bar
- FIG. 1 (b) is an example of a Meyer bar (or wire bar).
- FIG. 1C is an example of the groove shape of a commercially available wireless bar.
- P is the pitch of the groove
- H is the depth of the groove
- A is the cross-sectional area of the pocket formed by the groove.
- P and H can be adjusted arbitrarily.
- P is fixed to D and H is fixed to D / 2 because a wire having a diameter D is wound around the bar.
- the surface of the conductive layer is compared with the case where the Meyer bar is used.
- the resistance value anisotropy inside can be reduced.
- P and H can be set arbitrarily.
- the coating speed V (mm / sec) is set by using a bar having a P / H value of 9 to 30 and a friction coefficient of the material constituting the bar surface described later in the range of 0.05 to 0.40. It is applied in the range of 2000 ⁇ V ⁇ 50, or the P / H value is 9 to 30, and the friction coefficient of the material constituting the bar surface described later is in the range of 0.05 to 0.45.
- the coating speed V (mm / sec) When the coating speed V (mm / sec) is applied in the range of 2000 ⁇ V ⁇ 350 using a bar, it becomes an index of the in-plane resistance anisotropy of the conductive layer described later ( RTD ) / ( RMD ). Can be 1.3 or less, which is preferable.
- a more preferable range of P / H is 9.2 to 25, more preferably 9.5 to 20, and particularly preferably 10 to 15.
- the shape of the groove of the wireless bar if the ratio (P / H) of the pitch (P) to the depth (H) is 5 to 30, various shapes can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), S-shape (smooth curved shape), K-shape (slightly flat shape at the bottom), and W-shape (slightly flat shape at the top and bottom) can be mentioned. , Both are commercially available.
- the in-plane resistance anisotropy ( RTD ) / ( RMD ) of the conductive layer formed on the transparent substrate by the bar coat printing method is preferably 0.7 to 1.3, preferably 0.8 to 1. .2 is more preferable, and 0.9 to 1.1 is further preferable.
- ( RMD ) is the resistance value of the conductive layer in the coating direction (printing direction) of the conductive ink
- ( RTD ) is the resistance value in the direction perpendicular to the coating direction (printing direction) of the conductive ink. This is the resistance value of the conductive layer.
- the present inventor has found that the material of the surface of the wireless bar used in contact with the transparent base material affects the anisotropy of the in-plane resistance value of the conductive layer formed by bar coat printing. That is, the anisotropy of the in-plane resistance value is obtained by performing bar coat printing using a wireless bar having a surface made of a material having a friction coefficient of 0.05 to 0.40, which is obtained by a measurement method described later.
- the present inventor has found that a conductive layer having a smaller (resistance value anisotropy) can be obtained.
- the coefficient of friction is more preferably 0.05 to 0.30, and even more preferably 0.05 to 0.20.
- a wireless bar made of a material having the above-mentioned coefficient of friction can be used, but the range of the above-mentioned friction coefficient can be obtained by applying various surface treatments to the surface of the wireless bar made of a commonly used material (SUS, etc.). Can be adjusted to.
- hard chrome plating has a coefficient of friction of 0.7
- electroless nickel plating has a coefficient of friction of 0.3
- electroless nickel teflon plating has a coefficient of friction of 0.25
- diamond-like carbon treatment has a coefficient of friction of 0.15.
- the surface-treated SUS304 has a coefficient of friction of 0.45. The coefficient of friction is all catalog values, and surface-treated wireless bars are commercially available.
- the coefficient of friction is measured by a ball-on-disk friction and wear tester according to JIS R1613.
- the material of the ball is SUS304, and a substrate having a surface treatment of the same material as the wireless bar or a material equivalent to the above wireless bar is used as the disc.
- the frictional force generated by the rotation of the disc is measured by a sensor and divided by the applied load to calculate the friction coefficient.
- the in-plane resistance anisotropy on the transparent substrate is smaller than that when the Meyer bar (or wire bar) is used by the bar coat printing method using the wireless bar having the specific groove shape, preferably ( A conductive layer having an R TD ) / (R MD ) of 0.7 to 1.3 can be formed.
- the value of (R TD ) / (R MD ) is more preferably 0.8 to 1.2, and even more preferably 0.9 to 1.1.
- a protective film for protecting the conductive layer is preferably provided on the surface of the conductive layer of the transparent conductive film, and a cured film of a curable resin composition is preferable.
- the curable resin composition preferably contains (A) a polyurethane containing a carboxy group, (B) an epoxy compound, (C) a curing accelerator, and (D) a solvent.
- the curable resin composition is formed on the conductive layer by printing, coating, or the like, and cured to form a protective film. Curing of the curable resin composition can be performed by heating and drying the thermosetting resin composition.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyurethane (A) containing the carboxy group is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, more preferably 2,000 to 70,000, and 3,000 to 50, It is more preferably 000.
- the molecular weight is a polystyrene-equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter referred to as GPC). If the molecular weight is less than 1,000, the elongation, flexibility, and strength of the coating film after printing may be impaired, and if it exceeds 100,000, the solubility of polyurethane in the solvent becomes low and the polyurethane dissolves. However, the viscosity becomes too high, which may increase restrictions on use.
- the measurement conditions of GPC are as follows.
- Device name HPLC unit HSS-2000 manufactured by JASCO Corporation
- Detector RI-2031Plus manufactured by JASCO Corporation Temperature: 40.0 ° C
- Sample amount Sample loop 100 ⁇ L
- Sample concentration Prepared to about 0.1% by mass
- the acid value of the polyurethane (A) containing a carboxy group is preferably 10 to 140 mg-KOH / g, and more preferably 15 to 130 mg-KOH / g.
- the acid value is 10 mg-KOH / g or more, both curability and solvent resistance are good.
- it is 140 mg-KOH / g or less, the solubility of the urethane resin in a solvent is good, and it is easy to adjust the viscosity to a desired value.
- problems such as warpage of the base film due to the cured product becoming too hard are less likely to occur.
- the acid value of the resin is a value measured by the following method.
- Acid value (mg-KOH / g) [B ⁇ f ⁇ 5.611] / S B: Amount of 0.1N potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution used (mL) f: Factor S of 0.1N potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution: Sample collection amount (g)
- the polyurethane (A) containing a carboxy group is more specifically a polyurethane synthesized using (a1) a polyisocyanate compound, (a2) a polyol compound, and (a3) a dihydroxy compound having a carboxy group as a monomer. is there. From the viewpoint of weather resistance and light resistance, it is desirable that (a1), (a2), and (a3) do not contain a functional group having conjugation such as an aromatic compound.
- each monomer will be described in more detail.
- polyisocyanate compound As the polyisocyanate compound, diisocyanate having two isocyanato groups per molecule is usually used. Examples of the polyisocyanate compound include aliphatic polyisocyanates and alicyclic polyisocyanates, and one of these compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more. (A) A small amount of polyisocyanate having 3 or more isocyanato groups can be used as long as the polyurethane containing the carboxy group does not gel.
- aliphatic polyisocyanate examples include 1,3-trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,9-nonamethylene diisocyanate, and 1,10-decamethylene diisocyanate, 2 , 2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, 2,2'-diethyleterdiisocyanate, dimerate diisocyanate and the like.
- Examples of the alicyclic polyisocyanate include 1,4-cyclohexanediisocyanate, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, and 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5. , 5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanate (IPDI, isophorone diisocyanate), bis- (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane (hydrogenated MDI), hydrogenated (1,3- or 1,4-) xylylene diisocyanate, norbornandiisocyanate, etc. Can be mentioned.
- (A1) As the polyisocyanate compound, it is formed from the polyurethane resin according to the embodiment by using an alicyclic compound having 6 to 30 carbon atoms other than carbon atoms in the isocyanato group (-NCO group).
- the protective film is particularly highly reliable at high temperature and high humidity, and is suitable for members of electronic device parts.
- 1,4-cyclohexanediisocyanate 1,4-cyclohexanediisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, bis- (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane, 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis ( Isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane is preferred.
- the (a1) polyisocyanate compound As described above, from the viewpoint of weather resistance and light resistance, it is preferable to use a compound having no aromatic ring as the (a1) polyisocyanate compound. Therefore, when an aromatic polyisocyanate or an aromatic aliphatic polyisocyanate is used as needed, it is 50 mol% or less based on the total amount (100 mol%) of the (a1) polyisocyanate compound in the (a1) polyisocyanate compound. It may be contained in an amount of preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or less.
- the number average molecular weight of (a2) polyol compound (a2) polyol compound is usually 250 to 50,000. Yes, preferably 400 to 10,000, more preferably 500 to 5,000.
- This molecular weight is a polystyrene-equivalent value measured by GPC under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the polyol compound (a2) is preferably a diol having a hydroxy group at both ends.
- polyvalent values derived from C18 (18 carbon atoms) unsaturated fatty acids made from polycarbonate polyols, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polylactone polyols, hydroxylated polysilicones at both ends, and vegetable fats and oils and their polymers.
- It is a polyol compound having 18 to 72 carbon atoms obtained by hydrogenating a carboxylic acid and converting the carboxylic acid into a hydroxyl group.
- polycarbonate polyol is preferable in consideration of the balance between water resistance as a protective film, insulation reliability, and adhesion to a base material.
- the polycarbonate polyol can be obtained by reacting a diol having 3 to 18 carbon atoms with a carbonic acid ester or phosgene, and is represented by, for example, the following structural formula (1).
- R 3 is a residue obtained by removing the hydroxyl group from the corresponding diol (HO-R 3- OH) and is an alkylene group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and n 3 is a positive integer, preferably a positive integer. Is 2 to 50.
- the polycarbonate polyol represented by the formula (1) is 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, or 3-methyl-1.
- 5-Pentanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,9-nonanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, 1,10 -It can be produced by using decamethylene glycol, 1,2-tetradecanediol or the like as a raw material.
- the above-mentioned polycarbonate polyol may be a polycarbonate polyol (copolymerized polycarbonate polyol) having a plurality of types of alkylene groups in its skeleton.
- the use of a copolymerized polycarbonate polyol is often advantageous from the viewpoint of preventing crystallization of the polyurethane (A) containing a carboxy group. Further, considering the solubility in a solvent, it is preferable to use a polycarbonate polyol having a branched skeleton and a hydroxyl group at the end of the branched chain in combination.
- (A3) Dihydroxy compound containing a carboxy group (a3)
- the dihydroxy compound containing a carboxy group has a molecular weight of 200 or less having two of a hydroxy group and a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- a carboxylic acid or an aminocarboxylic acid is preferable because the cross-linking point can be controlled. Specific examples thereof include 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid, 2,2-dimethyrolbutanoic acid, N, N-bishydroxyethylglycine, N, N-bishydroxyethylalanine, and the like. 2,2-Dimethylolpropionic acid and 2,2-dimethylolbutanoic acid are particularly preferable because of their solubility.
- These (a3) carboxy group-containing dihydroxy compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polyurethane containing the (A) carboxy group described above can be synthesized only from the above three components ((a1), (a2) and (a3)). Further, it can also be synthesized by reacting (a4) a monohydroxy compound and / or (a5) a monoisocyanate compound. From the viewpoint of light resistance, it is preferable to use a compound that does not contain an aromatic ring or a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule.
- the polyurethane containing the carboxy group (A) can be obtained from the polyisocyanate compound (a1) described above in the presence or absence of a known urethanization catalyst such as dibutyltin dilaurylate, using an appropriate organic solvent. It can be synthesized by reacting a2) a polyol compound and (a3) a dihydroxy compound having a carboxy group, but it is preferable to react without a catalyst without considering the final contamination of tin and the like.
- a known urethanization catalyst such as dibutyltin dilaurylate
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it has low reactivity with the isocyanate compound, but does not contain a basic functional group such as amine and has a boiling point of 50 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher. Certain solvents are preferred. Examples of such a solvent include toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, nitrobenzene, cyclohexane, isophorone, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and the like.
- Examples thereof include n-butyl, isoamyl acetate, ethyl lactate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and dimethylsulfoxide.
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate is particularly preferable.
- Propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like are preferable.
- the order in which the raw materials are charged is not particularly limited, but usually, (a2) a polyol compound and (a3) a dihydroxy compound having a carboxy group are charged first, dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and then 20 to 150 ° C.
- the polyisocyanate compound (a1) is added dropwise at 60 to 120 ° C., and then reacted at 30 to 160 ° C., more preferably 50 to 130 ° C.
- the molar ratio of raw materials charged is adjusted according to the molecular weight and acid value of the target polyurethane.
- the molar ratio of these charges is as follows: (a1) isocyanato group of polyisocyanate compound: ((a2) hydroxyl group of polyol compound + hydroxyl group of dihydroxy compound having (a3) carboxy group) is 0.5 to 1. It is .5: 1, preferably 0.8 to 1.2: 1, more preferably 0.95 to 1.05: 1.
- the hydroxyl group of the (a2) polyol compound the hydroxyl group of the dihydroxy compound having the (a3) carboxy group is 1: 0.1 to 30, preferably 1: 0.3 to 10.
- Examples of the (B) epoxy compound include bisphenol A type epoxy compound, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, novolac type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, and N-glycidyl type.
- Epoxy resin bisphenol A novolak type epoxy resin, chelate type epoxy resin, glioxal type epoxy resin, amino group containing epoxy resin, rubber modified epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene phenolic type epoxy resin, silicone modified epoxy resin, ⁇ -caprolactone modified epoxy
- examples thereof include epoxy compounds having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, such as a resin, an aliphatic epoxy resin containing a glycidyl group, and an alicyclic epoxy resin containing a glycidyl group.
- an epoxy compound having three or more epoxy groups in one molecule can be used more preferably.
- examples of such epoxy compounds include EHPE (registered trademark) 3150 (manufactured by Daicel Corporation), jER (registered trademark) 604 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and EPICLON (registered trademark) EXA-4700 (manufactured by DIC Corporation).
- EPICLON registered trademark
- HP-7200 manufactured by DIC Corporation
- pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether pentaerythritol triglycidyl ether
- TEPIC registered trademark
- -S manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the epoxy compound (B) may have an aromatic ring in the molecule, and in that case, the mass of (B) is 20% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of (A) and (B). preferable.
- the compounding ratio of the polyurethane containing the (A) carboxy group to the (B) epoxy compound is 0.5 to 1.5, which is the equivalent ratio of the carboxy group in the polyurethane to the epoxy group of the (B) epoxy compound. It is preferably 0.7 to 1.3, more preferably 0.9 to 1.1.
- Examples of the (C) curing accelerator include phosphine compounds such as triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine (manufactured by Hokuko Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and Curesol (registered trademark) (imidazole epoxy resin curing agent: manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.). , 2-Phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, U-CAT (registered trademark) SA series (DBU salt: manufactured by San-Apro Co., Ltd.), Irgacure (registered trademark) 184 and the like.
- phosphine compounds such as triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine (manufactured by Hokuko Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and Curesol (registered trademark) (imidazole epoxy resin curing agent: manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- a curing aid may be used in combination.
- the curing aid include polyfunctional thiol compounds and oxetane compounds.
- the polyfunctional thiol compound include pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate), tris-[(3-mercaptopropionyloxy) -ethyl] -isocyanurate, trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate), and Karenz. (Registered trademark) MT series (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) and the like.
- oxetane compound examples include Aron Oxetane (registered trademark) series (manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.), ETERNCOLL (registered trademark) OXBP and OXMA (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.).
- Aron Oxetane registered trademark
- ETERNCOLL registered trademark
- OXBP registered trademark
- OXMA manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.
- the curable resin composition preferably contains the solvent (D) in an amount of 95.0% by mass or more and 99.9% by mass or less, more preferably 96% by mass or more and 99.7% by mass or less, and 97% by mass or more. It is more preferable to contain 99.5% by mass or less.
- the solvent (D) the solvent used for synthesizing the polyurethane (A) containing a carboxy group can be used as it is, or another solvent may be used to adjust the solubility and printability of the polyurethane resin. You can also. When another solvent is used, the reaction solvent may be distilled off before and after the addition of the new solvent to replace the solvent.
- the boiling point of the solvent is preferably 80 ° C. to 300 ° C., more preferably 80 ° C. to 250 ° C. When the boiling point is less than 80 ° C., it tends to dry during printing and unevenness is likely to occur. If the boiling point is higher than 300 ° C., it is not suitable for industrial production because it requires a long heat treatment at a high temperature during drying and curing.
- Examples of such a solvent include propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (boiling point 146 ° C.), ⁇ -butyrolactone (boiling point 204 ° C.), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (boiling point 218 ° C.), tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether (boiling point 243 ° C.), and the like.
- Solvents used for polyurethane synthesis ether-based solvents such as propylene glycol dimethyl ether (boiling point 97 ° C.), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (boiling point 162 ° C.), isopropyl alcohol (boiling point 82 ° C.), t-butyl alcohol (boiling point 82 ° C.), 1 -Hexanol (boiling point 157 ° C), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (boiling point 120 ° C), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (boiling point 194 ° C), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (boiling point 196 ° C), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (boiling point 230 ° C), triethylene glycol (boiling point 230 ° C)
- a solvent containing a hydroxyl point such as ethyl lactate (boiling point 147 ° C
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more types are mixed, aggregation and precipitation occur in consideration of the solubility of the polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, etc. used in addition to the solvent used for the synthesis of (A) carboxy group-containing polyurethane. It is preferable to use a solvent having a hydroxy group and a boiling point of more than 100 ° C. or a solvent having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of drying property of the ink.
- the curable resin composition contains the above-mentioned (A) carboxy group-containing polyurethane, (B) epoxy compound, (C) curing accelerator, (D) solvent, and (D) solvent content. It can be produced by blending so as to be 95.0% by mass or more and 99.9% by mass or less and stirring so as to be uniform.
- the solid content concentration in such a curable resin composition varies depending on the desired film thickness and printing method, but is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass. Is more preferable.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 0.1 to 10% by mass, there is no problem that the film thickness becomes too thick when applied on the conductive layer, so that electrical contact from silver paste or the like cannot be obtained.
- a protective film having a film thickness of 50 to 500 nm having sufficient weather resistance and light resistance can be obtained.
- the protective film (the solid content in the protective film ink, (A) polyurethane containing a carboxy group, (B) epoxy compound, and (C) curing residue in the curing accelerator)
- the proportion of the aromatic ring-containing compound defined by the following formula is preferably suppressed to 15% by mass or less.
- (C) curing residue in the curing accelerator means that all or part of the (C) curing accelerator disappears (decomposes, volatilizes, etc.) depending on the curing conditions, so it is protected under the curing conditions. It means (C) a curing accelerator remaining in the film.
- aromatic ring-containing compound means a compound having at least one aromatic ring in the molecule.
- a curable resin composition is applied onto the film), the solvent is dried and removed, and then the curable resin is cured to form a protective film.
- a conductive ink containing silver nanowires, a binder resin and a solvent was prepared, and then coated on one main surface of a transparent base material using a bar coater and dried to form a conductive layer. Subsequently, after producing a protective film ink, it was applied on the conductive layer and dried to form a protective film, and a transparent conductive film was produced.
- the coating direction of the conductive ink on the surface of the transparent substrate is defined as MD
- the direction perpendicular to the coating direction is defined as TD
- a test piece is prepared, the resistance value between two points described later is measured, and the in-plane resistance of the conductive layer is measured. The resistance value anisotropy was examined.
- Example 1 ⁇ Making silver nanowires> Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) (0.98 g), AgNO 3 (1.04 g) and FeCl 3 (0.8 mg) were dissolved in ethylene glycol (250 mL) at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. It reacted by heating.
- the obtained crude silver nanowire dispersion was dispersed in 2000 mL of methanol, and a small desktop tester (manufactured by Nippon Gaishi Co., Ltd., using ceramic membrane filter Sepilt, membrane area 0.24 m 2 , pore diameter 2.0 ⁇ m, dimensions ⁇ 30 mm ⁇ 250 mm, filtration It was poured into a differential pressure of 0.01 MPa), and cross-flow filtration was performed at a circulation flow velocity of 12 L / min and a dispersion temperature of 25 ° C. to remove impurities to obtain silver nanowires (average diameter: 26 nm, average length: 20 ⁇ m). ..
- a field emission scanning electron microscope JSM-7000F (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) was used to measure the diameters of 100 arbitrarily selected silver nanowires, and the arithmetic average thereof was measured. The value was calculated. Further, in order to calculate the average length of the obtained silver nanowires, a shape measurement laser microscope VK-X200 (manufactured by Keyence Co., Ltd.) was used to measure the length of 100 arbitrarily selected silver nanowires, and the arithmetic was performed. The average value was calculated. As the methanol, ethylene glycol, AgNO 3 , and FeCl 3 , reagents manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. were used.
- Table 1 shows the concentration and viscosity of silver nanowires contained in the obtained silver nanowire ink.
- the obtained silver concentration was measured by an AA280Z Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer manufactured by Varian.
- the viscosity was measured at 25 ° C. with a Brookfield digital viscometer DV-E (spindle: SC4-18).
- conductive layer (silver nanowire layer)> A4 as a transparent substrate subjected to plasma processing (gas used: nitrogen, transport speed: 50 mm / sec, processing time: 6 sec, set voltage: 400 V) using a plasma processing device (AP-T03 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) TQC automatic film applicator standard (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd.) and wireless bar OSP-CN on a cycloolefin polymer (COP) film ZF14 (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature 136 ° C.
- plasma processing device API-T03 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- TQC automatic film applicator standard manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd.
- wireless bar OSP-CN on a cycloolefin polymer (COP) film ZF14 (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., glass transition temperature 136 ° C.
- ⁇ Film thickness measurement> The film thickness of the conductive layer (silver nanowire layer) was measured using a film thickness measuring system F20-UV (manufactured by Filmometrics Co., Ltd.) based on the optical interferometry. The measurement points were changed, and the average value measured at three points was used as the film thickness. A spectrum from 450 nm to 800 nm was used for the analysis. According to this measurement system, the film thickness (Tc) of the silver nanowire layer formed on the transparent substrate can be directly measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was lowered to 70 ° C., and by dropping funnel, Death Module (registered trademark) -W (bis- (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane), manufactured by Sumika Covestro Urethane Co., Ltd., 59.69 g as polyisocyanate. Was added dropwise over 30 minutes.
- the temperature was raised to 120 ° C., the reaction was carried out at 120 ° C. for 6 hours, and after confirming by IR that the isocyanate was almost eliminated, 0.5 g of isobutanol was added, and the reaction was further carried out at 120 ° C. for 6 hours. went.
- the weight average molecular weight of the obtained carboxy group-containing polyurethane determined by GPC was 32,300, and the acid value of the resin solution was 35.8 mgKOH / g.
- Implementation curable resin composition 1 10.0 g of the (A) carboxy group-containing polyurethane solution (carboxy group-containing polyurethane content: 45% by mass) obtained in Example 1 above was weighed in a plastic container, and 1-hexanol was used as the (D) solvent. 85.3 g and 85.2 g of ethyl acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred with a mix rotor VMR-5R (manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) for 12 hours at room temperature and in an air atmosphere (rotation speed 100 rpm).
- VMR-5R manufactured by AS ONE Corporation
- the proportion of the curing accelerator, which is an aromatic ring-containing compound, in the solid content of the implementing curable resin composition 1 (the protective film formed by the implementing curable resin composition 1) is 5.7% by mass.
- the protective film ink 1 was applied as follows by TQC automatic film applicator standard (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd.) on the silver nanowire layer formed on the transparent substrate (coating speed 500 mm / sec). It was applied using a wireless bar OSP-CN-05M at room temperature and in an air atmosphere so that the wet film thickness was 5 ⁇ m. Then, it was dried with hot air in an air atmosphere at 80 ° C. for 1 minute in an incubator HISPEC HS350 (manufactured by Kusumoto Kasei Co., Ltd.) to form a protective film (thickness 80 nm). This was used as the transparent conductive film of Example 1.
- the film thickness of the protective film was measured using a film thickness measuring system F20-UV (manufactured by Filmometrics Co., Ltd.) based on the optical interferometry as well as the film thickness of the silver nanowire layer described above. The measurement points were changed, and the average value measured at three points was used as the film thickness. A spectrum from 450 nm to 800 nm was used for the analysis. According to this measurement system, the total film thickness (T c + T p ) of the film thickness (T c ) of the silver nanowire layer formed on the transparent substrate and the film thickness (T p ) of the protective film formed on the film thickness (T c ). ) Can be directly measured, and the film thickness (T p ) of the protective film can be obtained by subtracting the film thickness (T c ) of the silver nanowire layer alone measured earlier from this measured value.
- F20-UV manufactured by Filmometrics Co., Ltd.
- the test piece was prepared by cutting out a sample having a size of 20 mm ⁇ 50 mm from the above-mentioned transparent conductive film of A4 size and forming a terminal portion with silver paste on a protective film so that the distance between terminals was 40 mm.
- For the silver paste use conductive paste DW-420L-2A (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), apply it by hand to about 2 mm square, and then use an incubator HISPEC HS350 (manufactured by Kusumoto Kasei Co., Ltd.) at 80 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the terminal part was formed by drying with hot air in an air atmosphere.
- the resistance value between the terminals was measured. Since the protective film is thin (silver nanowires project from the surface of the protective film), the silver paste and the conductive layer are conductive. In order to electrically connect the transparent conductive pattern using the silver nanowire and the conductive paste pattern, a part of the silver nanowire (the end point of the wire or the part where the wires intersect and rise in the height direction) is overcoated. It needs to be exposed from the layer surface, and the more exposed parts there are, the easier it is to electrically connect the transparent conductive pattern and the conductive paste pattern using silver nanowires.
- the thickness of the overcoat layer is, for example, 500 nm or less, preferably 200 nm, although it cannot be said unconditionally because it is affected by the shape (diameter / length) of the silver nanowires and the number of silver nanowires coated on the base material.
- the thickness of the overcoat layer is as thin as 80 nm, so that the silver paste and the conductive layer are conductive.
- the overcoat layer can be removed by using a known etching technique to expose the silver nanowires.
- FIG. 2A samples S1 and S2 in which the coating direction (printing direction) is indicated by an arrow and the longitudinal direction is the coating direction and the direction perpendicular to the coating direction are cut out.
- the resistance value between the silver paste terminals formed by the above method was measured by using a digital multimeter PC5000a (manufactured by Sanwa Electric Instrument Co., Ltd.).
- the resistance value of the sample S1 coated and cut out as described above was taken as ( RMD ), and the resistance value of the sample S2 was taken as ( RTD ), and the ratio of the resistance values ( RTD ) / ( RMD ) was measured.
- the in-plane resistance anisotropy was evaluated by calculation.
- Example 2 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a silver nanowire ink having a silver concentration of 0.25% by mass was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a silver nanowire ink having an average diameter of 25 nm and an average length of 17 ⁇ m was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that a silver nanowire ink having an average diameter of 24 nm and an average length of 12 ⁇ m was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the wireless bar OSP-CN-10M (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / P: 200 ⁇ m, H: 21 ⁇ m, P / H: 9.5) was used. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the wireless bar OSP-CN-10M manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / P: 200 ⁇ m, H: 21 ⁇ m, P / H: 9.5
- Example 6 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 5 except that a silver nanowire ink having a silver concentration of 0.25% by mass was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the wireless bar OSP-CN-15L (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / P: 500 ⁇ m, H: 27 ⁇ m, P / H: 18.5) was used. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the wireless bar OSP-CN-18L (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / P: 500 ⁇ m, H: 33 ⁇ m, P / H: 15.1) was used. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that PVP (manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., K-90) was used instead of PNVA as the binder resin for the silver nanowire ink. The results are shown in Table 1.
- PVP manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., K-90
- Example 10 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that PET (untreated surface of Toyobo Cosmoshine A4100) was used as the transparent substrate. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that PC (untreated surface of FS2000H manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.) was used as the transparent base material. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the coating speed V of the silver nanowire ink was set to 350 mm / sec. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 13 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the wireless bar WP0.4H23K (manufactured by OSG System Products Co., Ltd., bar groove shape K / P: 400 ⁇ m, H: 23 ⁇ m, P / H: 17.4) was used. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 14 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the wireless bar WP0.4H38W (manufactured by OSG System Products Co., Ltd., bar groove shape W type / P: 400 ⁇ m, H: 38 ⁇ m, P / H: 10.5) was used. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 15 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that the wireless bar OSP-CN-22M (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / P: 250 ⁇ m, H: 49 ⁇ m, P / H: 5.1) was used. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 16 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the wireless bar OSP-CN-17M (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / P: 250 ⁇ m, H: 35 ⁇ m, P / H: 5.7) was used. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 17 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 5 except that the coating speed V of the silver nanowire ink was set to 100 mm / sec. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 18 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the coating speed V of the silver nanowire ink was set to 300 mm / sec. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 19 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 4 except that the coating speed V of the silver nanowire ink was set to 100 mm / sec. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the coating speed is increased, the flow of the silver nanowire ink itself becomes faster, which induces a phenomenon in which the silver nanowire ink tends to flow in the lateral direction, and it is considered that the direction of the metal nanowires can be made uniform as described above. Therefore, by adopting printing conditions that satisfy both of these, it is possible to produce a transparent conductive film having almost no in-plane resistance anisotropy.
- the sheet resistance value can be adjusted by the groove shape of the bar without changing the silver nanowire concentration.
- the pitch (P) / depth (H) of the bar shape is less than 9, or the coating speed is less than 350 mm / sec, the in-plane resistance value anisotropy (( RTD ) / ( RMD )) becomes large. It exceeded 1.3. In each case, the lateral flow of silver nanowire ink was induced, but it was considered that the flow was rather small. That is, only when the pitch (P) / depth (H) of the bar shape is 9 or more or the coating speed is high, the direction of the metal nanowires can be made uniform, although the flow of the silver nanowire ink in the lateral direction is induced. It seems that there was no power.
- Example 20 Wireless bar OSP-CN-22L (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / pitch (P): 500 ⁇ m, depth (H): 42 ⁇ m, P) different from the bar used in Example 1 only in the surface material.
- the study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that / H: 11.9 and bar surface: diamond-like carbon (coefficient of friction: 0.15) were used. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 21 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 20 except that the coating speed V of the silver nanowire ink was set to 300 mm / sec. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 22 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 20 except that the coating speed V of the silver nanowire ink was set to 100 mm / sec. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 23 The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 20 except that PET (untreated surface of Cosmoshine (registered trademark) A4100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was used as the transparent base material. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 24 Wireless bar OSP-CN-22L (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / pitch (P): 500 ⁇ m, depth (H): 42 ⁇ m, P / H: 11.9, bar surface: SUS304 (coefficient of friction) : 0.45)) was examined under the same conditions as in Example 20 except that it was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 25 Wireless bar OSP-CN-22L (manufactured by Cortec Co., Ltd., bar groove shape S type / pitch (P): 500 ⁇ m, depth (H): 42 ⁇ m, P / H: 11.9, bar surface: hard chrome plating ( The study was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 20 except that the friction coefficient: 0.70)) was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the pitch (P) / depth (H) [P / H] of the groove of the bar is 5 or more, preferably 9 or more, regardless of the material (friction coefficient) of the bar surface and the coating speed V. It can be seen that in all of Examples 20 to 25, the in-plane resistance anisotropy of the conductive layer is smaller than that in the case of using a normal Mayer bar (or wire bar) (Comparative Example 2). .. Further, in Examples 20 to 23 using a wireless bar having a bar groove shape, pitch (P) / depth (H) [P / H] of 9 or more, and a bar surface friction coefficient of 0.15 (R).
- the friction coefficient of the bar surface is 0.40 even if the pitch (P) / depth (H) of the groove shape of the bar is 9 or more. than example 24 (coefficient of friction of the bar surface 0.45), in example 25 (coefficient of friction of the bar surface 0.70), the resistance value in-plane anisotropy ((R TD) / (R MD) ) Exceeded 1.3. It is considered that the lateral flow of the silver nanowire ink was induced but slightly small.
- the in-plane resistance anisotropy (( RTD ) / ( RMD )) was 1.78, which was extremely high.
- the transparent conductive film having a small in-plane resistance anisotropy is produced by the method for producing a transparent conductive film of the present invention using bar coat printing on a bar in which grooves formed on the bar surface are adjusted to a specific shape. Can be realized.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
上記透明基材は着色していてもよいが、全光線透過率(可視光に対する透明性)は高い方が好ましく、全光線透過率が80%以上であることが好ましい。例えば、ポリエステル(ポリエチレンテレフタレート[PET]、ポリエチレンナフタレート[PEN]等)、ポリカーボネート、アクリル樹脂(ポリメチルメタクリレート[PMMA]等)、シクロオレフィンポリマー等の樹脂フィルムを好適に使用することができる。また、これら透明基材には光学特性、電気的特性や耐屈曲性を損なわない範囲で、易接着、光学調整(アンチグレア、アンチリフレクションなど)、ハードコートなどの機能を有する層を、単一または複数備えていてもよく、これらの層は片面または両面に備えていてもよい。これらの樹脂フィルムの中でも、優れた光透過性(透明性)や柔軟性、機械的特性などの点からポリエチレンテレフタレート、シクロオレフィンポリマーを用いることが好ましい。ポリエチレンテレフタレートとしては、コスモシャイン(登録商標、東洋紡株式会社製)を用いることができる。シクロオレフィンポリマーとしては、ノルボルネンの水素化開環メタセシス重合型シクロオレフィンポリマー(ZEONOR(登録商標、日本ゼオン社製)、ZEONEX(登録商標、日本ゼオン株式会社製)、ARTON(登録商標、JSR株式会社製)等)やノルボルネン/エチレン付加共重合型シクロオレフィンポリマー(APEL(登録商標、三井化学株式会社製)、TOPAS(登録商標、ポリプラスチックス株式会社製))を用いることができる。具体的には、コスモシャインA4100、A4160や、ZEONOR ZF-14、ZF-16、ARTON RX4500、RH4900、R5000が挙げられる。透明基材の厚みは用途により異なるが、10~200μmのものを用いることが好ましい。本明細書において「透明」とは、全光線透過率が70%以上であることを意味する。
透明基材上に形成される導電層を構成する導電性材料としては、金属ナノワイヤを好適に使用することができる。金属ナノワイヤは、径がナノメーターオーダーのサイズである金属であり、ワイヤ状の形状を有する導電性材料である。なお、本実施形態では、金属ナノワイヤとともに(混合して)、または金属ナノワイヤに代えて、ポーラスあるいはノンポーラスのチューブ状の形状を有する導電性材料である金属ナノチューブを使用してもよい。本明細書において、「ワイヤ状」と「チューブ状」はいずれも線状であるが、前者は中央が中空ではないもの、後者は中央が中空であるものを意図する。性状は、柔軟であってもよく、剛直であってもよい。前者を「狭義の金属ナノワイヤ」、後者を「狭義の金属ナノチューブ」と呼び、以下、本願明細書において、「金属ナノワイヤ」は狭義の金属ナノワイヤと狭義の金属ナノチューブとを包括する意味で用いる。狭義の金属ナノワイヤ、狭義の金属ナノチューブは、単独で用いてもよく、混合して用いてもよい。
下記溶離液にバインダー樹脂を溶解させ、20時間静置した。この溶液におけるバインダー樹脂の濃度は0.05質量%である。
GPC:昭和電工株式会社製Shodex(登録商標)SYSTEM21
カラム:東ソー株式会社製TSKgel(登録商標)G6000PW
カラム温度:40℃
溶離液:0.1mol/L NaH2PO4水溶液+0.1mol/L Na2HPO4水溶液
流速:0.64mL/min
試料注入量:100μL
MALS検出器:ワイアットテクノロジーコーポレーション、DAWN(登録商標) DSP
レーザー波長:633nm
多角度フィット法:Berry法
透明導電フィルムの導電層の表面には、導電層を保護するための保護膜を設けることが好ましく、硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化膜であることが好ましい。硬化性樹脂組成物としては、(A)カルボキシ基を含有するポリウレタンと、(B)エポキシ化合物と、(C)硬化促進剤と、(D)溶媒と、を含むものが好ましい。硬化性樹脂組成物を上記導電層上に印刷、塗布等により形成し、硬化させて保護膜を形成する。硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化は、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を加熱・乾燥させることにより行うことができる。
装置名:日本分光株式会社製HPLCユニット HSS-2000
カラム:ShodexカラムLF-804
移動相:テトラヒドロフラン
流速 :1.0mL/min
検出器:日本分光株式会社製 RI-2031Plus
温度 :40.0℃
試料量:サンプルル-プ 100μL
試料濃度:約0.1質量%に調製
酸価(mg-KOH/g)=〔B×f×5.611〕/S
B:0.1N水酸化カリウム-エタノール溶液の使用量(mL)
f:0.1N水酸化カリウム-エタノール溶液のファクター
S:試料の採取量(g)
(a1)ポリイソシアネート化合物としては、通常、1分子当たりのイソシアナト基が2個であるジイソシアネートが用いられる。ポリイソシアネート化合物としては、たとえば、脂肪族ポリイソシアネート、脂環式ポリイソシアネート等が挙げられ、これらの1種を単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。(A)カルボキシ基を含有するポリウレタンがゲル化をしない範囲で、イソシアナト基を3個以上有するポリイソシアネートも少量使用することができる。
(a2)ポリオール化合物(ただし、(a2)ポリオール化合物には、後述する(a3)カルボキシ基を有するジヒドロキシ化合物は含まれない。)の数平均分子量は通常250~50,000であり、好ましくは400~10,000、より好ましくは500~5,000である。この分子量は前述した条件でGPCにより測定したポリスチレン換算の値である。
(a3)カルボキシ基を含有するジヒドロキシ化合物としては、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数が1または2のヒドロキシアルキル基から選択されるいずれかを2つ有する分子量が200以下のカルボン酸またはアミノカルボン酸であることが架橋点を制御できる点で好ましい。具体的には2,2-ジメチロ-ルプロピオン酸、2,2-ジメチロ-ルブタン酸、N,N-ビスヒドロキシエチルグリシン、N,N-ビスヒドロキシエチルアラニン等が挙げられ、この中でも、溶媒への溶解度から、2,2-ジメチロ-ルプロピオン酸、2,2-ジメチロ-ルブタン酸が特に好ましい。これらの(a3)カルボキシ基を含有するジヒドロキシ化合物は、1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
[(芳香環含有化合物使用量)/(保護膜の質量((A)カルボキシ基を含有するポリウレタン質量+(B)エポキシ化合物質量+(C)硬化促進剤における硬化残基)]×100(%)
銀ナノワイヤ、バインダー樹脂および溶媒を含む導電性インクを作製したのち、透明基材の一方の主面上にバーコーターを用いて塗布、乾燥して導電層を形成した。続いて保護膜インクを作製したのち、上記導電層の上に塗布、乾燥して保護膜を形成し、透明導電フィルムを作製した。このとき透明基材表面における導電性インクの塗布方向をMD、塗布方向に垂直な方向をTDと定め、試験片を作製し、後述する二点間抵抗値を計測し、導電層の面内の抵抗値異方性を検討した。
<銀ナノワイヤの作製>
ポリビニルピロリドンK-90(株式会社日本触媒社製)(0.98g)、AgNO3(1.04g)及びFeCl3(0.8mg)を、エチレングリコール(250mL)に溶解し、150℃で1時間加熱反応した。得られた銀ナノワイヤ粗分散液をメタノール2000mLに分散させ、卓上小型試験機(日本ガイシ株式会社製、セラミック膜フィルター セフィルト使用、膜面積0.24m2、孔径2.0μm、寸法Φ30mm×250mm、ろ過差圧0.01MPa)に流し入れ、循環流速12L/min、分散液温度25℃にてクロスフロー濾過を実施し不純物を除去し、銀ナノワイヤ(平均直径:26nm、平均長さ:20μm)を得た。得られた銀ナノワイヤの平均直径の算出には、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡JSM-7000F(日本電子株式会社製)を用い、任意に選択した100本の銀ナノワイヤの直径を測定し、その算術平均値を求めた。また、得られた銀ナノワイヤの平均長の算出には、形状測定レーザマイクロスコープVK-X200(キーエンス株式会社製)を用い、任意に選択した100本の銀ナノワイヤの長さを測定し、その算術平均値を求めた。また、上記メタノール、エチレングリコール、AgNO3、FeCl3は富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製試薬を用いた。
上記ポリオール法で合成した銀ナノワイヤの水/メタノール/エタノール混合溶媒の分散液11g(銀ナノワイヤ濃度0.62質量%、水/メタノール/エタノール=10:20:70[質量比])、水2.4g、メタノール3.6g(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製)、エタノール8.3g(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製)、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME、富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製)12.8g、プロピレングリコール1.2g(PG、旭硝子株式会社製)、PNVA(登録商標)水溶液(昭和電工株式会社製、固形分濃度10質量%、重量平均分子量90万)0.7gを混合し、ミックスローターVMR-5R(アズワン株式会社製)で1時間、室温、大気雰囲気下で撹拌(回転速度100rpm)して銀ナノワイヤインク40gを作製した。
プラズマ処理装置(積水化学工業株式会社製AP-T03)を用いてプラズマ処理(使用ガス:窒素、搬送速度:50mm/sec、処理時間:6sec、設定電圧:400V)した、透明基材としてのA4サイズのシクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)フィルムZF14(日本ゼオン株式会社製、ガラス転移温度136℃[カタログ値]、厚み100μm)上に、TQC自動フィルムアプリケータースタンダード(コーテック株式会社製)とワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-22L(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/ピッチ(P):500μm、深さ(H):42μm、P/H:11.9、材質:SUS304)とを用いて銀ナノワイヤインクを透明基材(ZF14-013)の片面全面に室温、大気雰囲気下で塗布した(塗布速度V:500mm/sec)。その後、恒温器HISPEC HS350(楠本化成製)で80℃、1分間、大気雰囲気下で熱風乾燥し、銀ナノワイヤ層を形成した。
導電層(銀ナノワイヤ層)の膜厚は光干渉法に基づく膜厚測定システムF20-UV(フィルメトリクス株式会社製)を用いて測定した。測定箇所を変え、3点測定した平均値を膜厚として用いた。解析には450nmから800nmのスペクトルを用いた。この測定システムによると、透明基材上に形成された銀ナノワイヤ層の膜厚(Tc)が直接測定できる。測定結果を表1に示す。
(A)カルボキシ基を含有するポリウレタンの合成例
実施合成例1 硬化性樹脂組成物OC022に用いる元樹脂の合成
攪拌装置、温度計、コンデンサーを備えた2L三口フラスコに、ポリオール化合物としてC-1015N(株式会社クラレ製、ポリカーボネートジオール、原料ジオールモル比:1,9-ノナンジオール:2-メチル-1,8-オクタンジオール=15:85、分子量964)42.32g、カルボキシ基を含有するジヒドロキシル化合物として2,2-ジメチロールブタン酸(日本化成株式会社製)27.32g、および溶媒としてジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート(株式会社ダイセル製)158gを仕込み、90℃で上記2,2-ジメチロールブタン酸を溶解させた。
上記実施合成例1で得られた(A)カルボキシ基を含有するポリウレタンの溶液(カルボキシ基含有ポリウレタン含有率:45質量%)10.0gをポリ容器に量り取り、(D)溶媒として1-ヘキサノール85.3gと酢酸エチル85.2gを加え、ミックスローターVMR-5R(アズワン株式会社製)で12時間、室温、大気雰囲気下で撹拌(回転速度100rpm)した。均一であることを目視で確認したのち、(B)エポキシ化合物としてペンタエリスリトールテトラグリシジルエーテル(昭和電工株式会社製)0.63g、(C)硬化促進剤として、U-CAT(登録商標)5003(サンアプロ株式会社製)0.31gを加え、再度ミックスローターを用いて1時間撹拌し、実施硬化性樹脂組成物1(実施保護膜インク1)を得た。実施硬化性樹脂組成物1の固形分(実施硬化性樹脂組成物1により形成した保護膜)中の芳香環含有化合物である硬化促進剤の割合は5.7質量%である。
上記透明基材上に形成した銀ナノワイヤ層の上に、TQC自動フィルムアプリケータースタンダード(コーテック株式会社製)により、以下のように実施保護膜インク1を塗布した(塗工速度500mm/sec)。ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-05Mを用いてウェット膜厚が5μmになるように室温、大気雰囲気下で塗布した。その後、恒温器HISPEC HS350(楠本化成株式会社製)で80℃、1分間、大気雰囲気下で熱風乾燥し、保護膜(膜厚80nm)を形成した。これを実施例1の透明導電フィルムとした。
保護膜の膜厚は、前述の銀ナノワイヤ層の膜厚同様光干渉法に基づく膜厚測定システムF20-UV(フィルメトリクス株式会社製)を用いて測定した。測定箇所を変え、3点測定した平均値を膜厚として用いた。解析には450nmから800nmのスペクトルを用いた。この測定システムによると、透明基材上に形成された銀ナノワイヤ層の膜厚(Tc)とその上に形成された保護膜の膜厚(Tp)との総膜厚(Tc+Tp)が直接測定できるので、この測定値から先に測定した銀ナノワイヤ層単独の膜厚(Tc)を差し引くことにより保護膜の膜厚(Tp)が得られる。
試験片は、A4サイズの上記透明導電フィルムから20mm×50mmのサイズの試料を切り出し、端子間距離が40mmとなるように保護膜上に銀ペーストで端子部分を形成することにより作製した。銀ペーストは導電性ペーストDW-420L-2A(東洋紡株式会社製)を用い、これを手塗りで約2mm角に塗布したのち、恒温器HISPEC HS350(楠本化成株式会社製)で80℃、30分間、大気雰囲気下で熱風乾燥することで端子部分を形成した。その後、端子間の抵抗値を測定した。なお、保護膜の厚みが薄いため(銀ナノワイヤーが保護膜表面から突出しており)銀ペーストと導電層とは導通している。銀ナノワイヤを用いた透明導電パターンと導電ペーストパターンを電気的に接続するためには、銀ナノワイヤの一部(ワイヤの端点や、ワイヤ同士が交差し高さ方向に盛り上がっている部分)がオーバーコート層表面から露出している必要があり、露出している箇所が多いほど、銀ナノワイヤを用いた透明導電パターンと導電ペーストパターンとの電気的接続が容易となる。銀ナノワイヤの形状(径・長さ)や、基材上に塗布されている銀ナノワイヤの本数によっても影響を受けるため一概には言えないが、オーバーコート層の厚みが例えば500nm以下、好ましくは200nm以下、より好ましくは100nm以下と薄い場合、電気的接続を取るために十分な数の露出箇所が存在する。本実施例ではオーバーコート層の厚みは80nmと薄いため銀ペーストと導電層とは導通する。なお、オーバーコート層の厚みが電気的接続を取ることが困難な厚みの場合には、オーバーコート層を公知のエッチング技術を用いて除去し銀ナノワイヤを露出させることができる。
上記A4サイズの透明導電フィルムから3cm×3cmの試験片を切り出し、試験片の保護膜上の中心部に手動式非破壊抵抗測定器EC-80P(ナプソン株式会社製)の端子を置いて測定した。測定結果を表1にまとめて示す。
上記3cm×3cmの試験片を用い、ヘーズメーターNDH2000(日本電色工業株式会社製)で測定した。測定結果を表1にまとめて示す。
銀濃度を0.25質量%の銀ナノワイヤインクを用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀ナノワイヤ形状が平均直径25nm、平均長さ17μmの銀ナノワイヤインクを用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀ナノワイヤ形状が平均直径24nm、平均長さ12μmの銀ナノワイヤインクを用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-10M(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/P:200μm、H:21μm、P/H:9.5)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀濃度を0.25質量%の銀ナノワイヤインクを用いた以外は実施例5と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-15L(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/P:500μm、H:27μm、P/H:18.5)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-18L(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/P:500μm、H:33μm、P/H:15.1)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀ナノワイヤインクのバインダー樹脂としてPNVAの代わりにPVP(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製、K-90)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
透明基材にPET(東洋紡製コスモシャインA4100の未処理面)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
透明基材にPC(三菱ガス化学株式会社製FS2000Hの未処理面)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀ナノワイヤインクの塗布速度Vを350mm/secとした以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤレスバーWP0.4H23K(オーエスジーシステムプロダクツ株式会社製、バーの溝形状 K形/P:400μm、H:23μm、P/H:17.4)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤレスバーWP0.4H38W(オーエスジーシステムプロダクツ株式会社製、バーの溝形状 W形/P:400μm、H:38μm、P/H:10.5)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-22M(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/P:250μm、H:49μm、P/H:5.1)を用いた以外は実施例2と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-17M(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/P:250μm、H:35μm、P/H:5.7)を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀ナノワイヤインクの塗布速度Vを100mm/secとした以外は実施例5と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀ナノワイヤインクの塗布速度Vを300mm/secとした以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
銀ナノワイヤインクの塗布速度Vを100mm/secとした以外は実施例4と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
ワイヤバー#8(ΦD=200μmのワイヤを使用)を用いた以外は実施例2と同条件で検討した。その結果を表1に示す。
表面の材質のみが実施例1で用いたバーと異なるワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-22L(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/ピッチ(P):500μm、深さ(H):42μm、P/H:11.9、バー表面:ダイヤモンドライクカーボン(摩擦係数:0.15))を用いた以外は実施例1と同条件で検討した。その結果を表2に示す。
銀ナノワイヤインクの塗布速度Vを300mm/secとした以外は実施例20と同条件で検討した。その結果を表2に示す。
銀ナノワイヤインクの塗布速度Vを100mm/secとした以外は実施例20と同条件で検討した。その結果を表2に示す。
透明基材にPET(東洋紡株式会社社製コスモシャイン(登録商標)A4100の未処理面)を用いた以外は実施例20と同条件で検討した。その結果を表2に示す。
ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-22L(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/ピッチ(P):500μm、深さ(H):42μm、P/H:11.9、バー表面:SUS304(摩擦係数:0.45))を用いた以外は実施例20と同条件で検討した。その結果を表2に示す。
ワイヤレスバーOSP-CN-22L(コーテック株式会社製、バーの溝形状 S形/ピッチ(P):500μm、深さ(H):42μm、P/H:11.9、バー表面:硬質クロムメッキ(摩擦係数:0.70))を用いた以外は実施例20と同条件で検討した。その結果を表2に示す。
ワイヤバー#8(ΦD=200μmのワイヤを使用、ワイヤ表面:SUS304(摩擦係数:0.45))を用いた以外は実施例20と同条件で検討した。その結果を表2に示す。使用したバーが実施例20とは異なるため、結果的に銀ナノワイヤ層の厚みが実施例20より薄くなった。
Claims (8)
- 金属ナノワイヤおよびバインダー樹脂を含む導電層を備える透明導電フィルムの製造方法において、
前記金属ナノワイヤおよびバインダー樹脂を含む塗布液を調製する調製工程と、
透明基材の一主面に前記塗布液を塗布する塗布工程と、を含み、
前記塗布工程において、ピッチ(P)と深さ(H)の比率P/Hが5~30である溝が形成されたバーによるバーコート方式の印刷方法を用いることを特徴とする透明導電フィルムの製造方法。 - 前記バー表面を構成する材質の摩擦係数が0.05~0.45であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透明導電フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記塗布液を前記透明基材の一主面に塗布する際のバーに対する前記透明基材の相対移動速度(塗布速度)をV(mm/sec)としたとき2000≧V≧350であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の透明導電フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記バー表面を構成する材質の摩擦係数が0.05~0.40であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の透明導電フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記塗布液を前記透明基材の一主面に塗布する際のバーに対する前記透明基材の相対移動速度(塗布速度)をV(mm/sec)としたとき2000≧V≧50であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の透明導電フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記バーに形成された溝のピッチ(P)と深さ(H)の比率P/Hが9~30であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一に記載の透明導電フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記金属ナノワイヤの平均長さが1~100μm、平均直径が1~500nmであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一に記載の透明導電フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記塗布液の粘度範囲が1~50mPa・sであることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一に記載の透明導電フィルムの製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17/614,977 US11535047B2 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-29 | Method for producing transparent conducting film |
KR1020217011980A KR102387063B1 (ko) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-29 | 투명 도전 필름의 제조 방법 |
CN202080005802.5A CN112930575B (zh) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-29 | 透明导电膜的制造方法 |
JP2021501355A JP6855647B1 (ja) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-29 | 透明導電フィルムの製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019102654 | 2019-05-31 | ||
JP2019-102654 | 2019-05-31 | ||
JP2019202446 | 2019-11-07 | ||
JP2019-202446 | 2019-11-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020241842A1 true WO2020241842A1 (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
Family
ID=73551914
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/021401 WO2020241842A1 (ja) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-29 | 透明導電フィルムの製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11535047B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6855647B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102387063B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN112930575B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI745988B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020241842A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112930575B (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-06-07 | 昭和电工株式会社 | 透明导电膜的制造方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0432161B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-23 | 1992-05-28 | ||
WO2012005205A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-12 | Dic株式会社 | 透明導電層付き基体及びその製造方法、並びにタッチパネル用透明導電膜積層体、タッチパネル |
JP2015028874A (ja) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-12 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 導電性積層体、及びその製造方法、情報入力装置、並びに表示装置 |
WO2018096977A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-31 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 導電性フィルム、及び導電性フィルムの製造方法 |
WO2019026829A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 導電フィルムの製造方法、導電フィルム及び金属ナノワイヤインク |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08260395A (ja) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-08 | Honshu Paper Co Ltd | ロッド型塗工装置を用いた顔料塗工紙及び板紙の製造方法 |
WO2004071654A1 (ja) | 2003-02-14 | 2004-08-26 | Bussan Nanotech Research Institute Inc. | 単層カーボンナノチューブ製造用触媒金属微粒子形成方法 |
JP2006021468A (ja) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-26 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic Inc | 平版印刷用原版の製造方法、平版印刷用原版及びこれを用いた印刷方法 |
JP2010075814A (ja) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-04-08 | Achilles Corp | 繊維状粒子配向塗膜および繊維状粒子配向塗膜の塗工方法 |
JP2011090879A (ja) | 2009-10-22 | 2011-05-06 | Fujifilm Corp | 透明導電体の製造方法 |
JP5452443B2 (ja) | 2009-10-27 | 2014-03-26 | パナソニック株式会社 | 導体パターン形成基材 |
US8763525B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2014-07-01 | Carestream Health, Inc. | Gravure printing of transparent conductive films containing networks of metal nanoparticles |
KR20130003467A (ko) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-09 | 제일모직주식회사 | 탄소나노튜브를 이용한 투명 전도성 필름 및 그 제조방법 |
KR101940591B1 (ko) | 2012-02-16 | 2019-01-21 | 오꾸라 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 투명 도전 기재의 제조 방법 및 투명 도전 기재 |
JP6563811B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-22 | 2019-08-21 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 透明電極及びその製造方法 |
JP6353671B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2018-07-04 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 銀ナノワイヤインクの製造方法および銀ナノワイヤインク並びに透明導電塗膜 |
JP2015217369A (ja) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-12-07 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 塗工方法 |
JP5922852B1 (ja) | 2015-01-16 | 2016-05-24 | 株式会社エフコンサルタント | コーティング方法 |
CN106601337B (zh) | 2016-11-10 | 2019-01-18 | 上海交通大学 | 一种银纳米线柔性透明导电薄膜及其制备方法 |
KR102056658B1 (ko) | 2016-12-01 | 2019-12-18 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 투명 도전 기판 및 그 제조 방법 |
US10994303B2 (en) | 2017-01-16 | 2021-05-04 | Showa Denko K.K. | Methods for producing transparent conductive film and transparent conductive pattern |
CN107527675A (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-29 | 华南师范大学 | 一种柔性的导电膜及其制备方法 |
CN112930575B (zh) | 2019-05-31 | 2022-06-07 | 昭和电工株式会社 | 透明导电膜的制造方法 |
KR102265033B1 (ko) | 2019-06-20 | 2021-06-15 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 투명 도전 필름 적층체 및 그 가공 방법 |
-
2020
- 2020-05-29 CN CN202080005802.5A patent/CN112930575B/zh active Active
- 2020-05-29 KR KR1020217011980A patent/KR102387063B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2020-05-29 WO PCT/JP2020/021401 patent/WO2020241842A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-05-29 US US17/614,977 patent/US11535047B2/en active Active
- 2020-05-29 JP JP2021501355A patent/JP6855647B1/ja active Active
- 2020-06-01 TW TW109118262A patent/TWI745988B/zh active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0432161B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-23 | 1992-05-28 | ||
WO2012005205A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-01-12 | Dic株式会社 | 透明導電層付き基体及びその製造方法、並びにタッチパネル用透明導電膜積層体、タッチパネル |
JP2015028874A (ja) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-12 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | 導電性積層体、及びその製造方法、情報入力装置、並びに表示装置 |
WO2018096977A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-31 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 導電性フィルム、及び導電性フィルムの製造方法 |
WO2019026829A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 導電フィルムの製造方法、導電フィルム及び金属ナノワイヤインク |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20220203738A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
JPWO2020241842A1 (ja) | 2021-09-13 |
CN112930575B (zh) | 2022-06-07 |
KR20210049944A (ko) | 2021-05-06 |
JP6855647B1 (ja) | 2021-04-07 |
CN112930575A (zh) | 2021-06-08 |
US11535047B2 (en) | 2022-12-27 |
KR102387063B1 (ko) | 2022-04-15 |
TWI745988B (zh) | 2021-11-11 |
TW202113879A (zh) | 2021-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11154902B2 (en) | Transparent conductive substrate and method for producing same | |
WO2020255458A1 (ja) | 透明導電フィルム積層体及びその加工方法 | |
WO2020171022A1 (ja) | 透明導電基体及びこれを含むタッチパネル | |
JP7061734B2 (ja) | 透明導電フィルム積層体及びその加工方法 | |
WO2020241842A1 (ja) | 透明導電フィルムの製造方法 | |
JP6855648B1 (ja) | 透明導電フィルムの製造方法 | |
WO2021131099A1 (ja) | 透明導電フィルムの製造方法 | |
JP6999071B1 (ja) | 透明導電基体 | |
JP2024067269A (ja) | 透明導電フィルム積層体及びその製造方法並びに成形用透明導電フィルム積層体 | |
WO2021060149A1 (ja) | 透明ポリウレタン及びその製造方法並びに透明ポリウレタンを含む熱硬化性組成物及び透明導電フィルム | |
EP4269098A1 (en) | Transparent electroconductive film laminate | |
JP2023095255A (ja) | ヒータ |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 20814189 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021501355 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20217011980 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 20814189 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |