WO2020218328A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020218328A1 WO2020218328A1 PCT/JP2020/017312 JP2020017312W WO2020218328A1 WO 2020218328 A1 WO2020218328 A1 WO 2020218328A1 JP 2020017312 W JP2020017312 W JP 2020017312W WO 2020218328 A1 WO2020218328 A1 WO 2020218328A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet suitable for use as an iron core material of a transformer.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is a soft magnetic material used as an iron core material for transformers, generators, etc., and has a crystal structure in which the ⁇ 001> orientation, which is the easy axis of iron magnetization, is highly aligned in the rolling direction of the steel sheet. It is characterized by its excellent magnetic properties.
- the above crystal structure preferentially recrystallizes the crystal grains in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation, which is the so-called Goss orientation, and grows hugely. It is formed by letting it.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of using AlN or MnS as an inhibitor
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of using MnS or MnSe as an inhibitor, which are industrially put into practical use.
- the method using these inhibitors is an extremely useful method for stably developing secondary recrystallized grains
- the slab is heated to a high temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher in order to finely disperse the inhibitors in the steel.
- it is necessary to dissolve the inhibitor-forming component once.
- the inhibitor-forming component causes deterioration of the magnetic properties after secondary recrystallization, precipitates and inclusions such as inhibitors are removed from the ground iron at a high temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher in which the atmosphere is controlled. It is necessary to perform a purification process.
- Patent Document 3 and the like disclose a method for developing Goth directional grains by causing secondary recrystallization using a material that does not contain an inhibitor-forming component.
- This method makes the grain boundary orientation difference angle dependence of the grain boundary energy of the primary recrystallized grains manifest by eliminating impurities such as inhibitor components as much as possible, and secondary to Goss orientation grains without using an inhibitor. It is a technique that causes recrystallization, and the effect is called the "texture inhibition effect". Since this method does not require fine dispersion of the inhibitor in the steel, it also eliminates the need for high-temperature slab heating, which is indispensable, and has great merits in terms of fuel cost and equipment maintenance.
- Patent Document 4 describes the texture of the primary recrystallized annealed plate after cold rolling by controlling the carbides precipitated during cooling by increasing the cooling rate of the hot-rolled sheet annealing. Suggestions have been made to improve.
- the cooling rate in the examples of this patent document is up to 70 ° C./s, and rapid cooling of 100 ° C./s or higher has not been carried out. It is presumed that this is because it was thought that a cooling rate of less than 100 ° C./s was sufficient for controlling carbides, and there was no cooling device capable of achieving a cooling rate higher than that. To.
- Patent Document 5 in a continuous annealing facility in which annealing is performed while continuously passing a metal plate, a shape generated in the metal plate during quenching and quenching is performed.
- a quenching and quenching apparatus capable of suppressing a decrease in the cooling rate of a metal plate while suppressing defects is disclosed.
- This quenching quenching apparatus controls the structure by rapid cooling to obtain a high-strength steel sheet having a desired strength.
- the above-mentioned rapid cooling has not been applied.
- an object of the present invention is to apply the above-mentioned rapid cooling technique to the production of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets using a material that does not contain an inhibitor-forming component, and to maintain the superiority in terms of manufacturability and manufacturing cost, and magnetic It is an object of the present invention to propose a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet capable of stably obtaining a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent characteristics.
- the inventors have made extensive studies on the effect of cooling rates such as hot-rolled sheet annealing on the magnetic properties of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
- the cooling rate such as hot-rolled sheet annealing and intermediate annealing before cold rolling is increased as compared with the prior art, specifically.
- the cooling rate from 800 ° C. to 300 ° C. to 200 ° C./s or higher, the slip system of dislocations in cold rolling changes and the primary recrystallization texture is improved, resulting in greatly improved magnetic properties. It was found that this was done, and the present invention was developed.
- the present invention contains C: 0.020 to 0.10 mass%, Si: 2.0 to 4.0 mass%, Mn: 0.005 to 0.50 mass%, and Al: 0.010 mass%.
- a steel slab containing less than 0.0050 mass% each of N, S and Se and having a component composition in which the balance consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities is heated to a temperature of 1280 ° C. or lower, then hot-rolled and hot-rolled. After the plate is hot-rolled and annealed, it is cold-rolled once or cold-rolled two or more times with intermediate annealing in between to obtain a cold-rolled plate with the final plate thickness, and primary recrystallization that also serves as decarburization annealing.
- a method for producing a directional electromagnetic steel sheet which comprises a series of steps of annealing, applying an annealing separator to the surface of the steel sheet, finish annealing, and flattening annealing, one or more of the above-mentioned hot-rolled sheet annealing and intermediate annealing.
- annealing we propose a method for manufacturing a directional electromagnetic steel sheet, which comprises rapidly cooling from 800 ° C. to 300 ° C. in the cooling process from the maximum reached temperature at an average cooling rate of 200 ° C./s or more.
- the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that, following the rapid cooling, the average cooling rate is cooled in the range of 5 to 40 ° C / s from 300 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is characterized in that the heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. in the heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing that also serves as the decarburization annealing is 500 ° C./s or more. And.
- the heating process of the finish annealing after a retention treatment of holding for 5 to 200 hr at an arbitrary temperature between 800 and 950 ° C., or between 800 and 950 ° C. Is heated at an average temperature rise rate of 5 ° C./hr or less to develop secondary recrystallization, and further heated to a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher to complete the secondary recrystallization, and then kept at that temperature for 2 hr or more. It is characterized by being purified.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties can be manufactured inexpensively and stably by using a material that does not contain an inhibitor-forming component while maintaining superiority in terms of manufacturability and manufacturing cost. Because it can be done, the effect of the industry is great.
- the cooling process of hot-rolled sheet annealing from 1000 ° C. to room temperature was divided into three sections of 1000 to 800 ° C., 800 to 300 ° C., and 300 to 100 ° C., respectively.
- the average cooling rate in the section was changed for cooling.
- 50vol% H 2 -50vol% N 2 under a humid atmosphere with a dew point of 50 ° C., soaking temperature 850 ° C. ⁇ soaking time 100s
- Primary recrystallization annealing was performed, which also served as decarburization annealing.
- the magnetic flux density is increased by increasing the average cooling rate from 800 to 300 ° C. to 200 ° C./s or more in the cooling process of hot-rolled sheet annealing.
- the mechanism for improvement is not yet fully understood, but the inventors think as follows.
- the temperature range of 800 to 300 ° C. in the cooling process of hot-rolled sheet annealing is a temperature range that greatly affects the precipitation state of carbides, and has conventionally been 100 ° C./s for the purpose of increasing solid solution C or fine carbides. It has been cooled to a certain degree. However, it is considered that the mechanism for improving the magnetic properties this time is different from that due to the increase in the solid solution C or fine carbides.
- the steel sheet that has been annealed by hot rolling is before the decarburization annealing (primary recrystallization annealing) process, and because of its high C content, part of it undergoes reverse transformation due to heating during annealing, from the ⁇ phase to the ⁇ phase. It changes with.
- the transformed ⁇ phase and the surrounding ⁇ phase have different crystal structures ( ⁇ phase is FCC, ⁇ phase is BCC), and the coefficient of thermal expansion is also different.
- ⁇ phase is FCC
- ⁇ phase is BCC
- the coefficient of thermal expansion is also different.
- the ⁇ phase does not transform into the ⁇ phase due to supercooling, but shrinks and remains as it is. Therefore, due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, the phase interface between the ⁇ phase and the ⁇ phase is distorted differently than usual.
- the slip system of dislocations in the cold rolling of the next process changes, the ⁇ 411 ⁇ orientation grains of the steel sheet after primary recrystallization annealing (decarburization annealing) increase, and the texture is improved, resulting in magnetism.
- decarburization annealing secondary recrystallization annealing
- ⁇ Experiment 2> Contains C: 0.060 mass%, Si: 3.2 mass%, Mn: 0.1 mass%, Al: 0.080 mass%, N: 0.0045 mass%, S: 0.0010 mass% and Se: 0.0030 mass%. Then, a steel having a component composition in which the balance is composed of Fe and unavoidable impurities is melted in a vacuum melting furnace and cast to form a steel ingot, which is then heated to a temperature of 1200 ° C. and hot-rolled. A hot-rolled plate with a thickness of 2.5 mm was used.
- the hot-rolled plate is subjected to hot-rolled plate annealing having a maximum reaching temperature of 1050 ° C., and the first cold rolling is performed to obtain an intermediate plate thickness of 1.5 mm, and intermediate annealing having a maximum reaching temperature of 1050 ° C. is performed. gave.
- the average cooling rate between 1050 and 800 ° C. in the cooling process from 1050 ° C. to room temperature of the intermediate annealing was set to 10 ° C./s, and the average cooling rate between 300 and 100 ° C. was set to 30 ° C./s.
- the average cooling rate between 800 and 300 ° C. was varied as shown in Table 2 for cooling.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO is applied to the surface of the steel sheet after the primary recrystallization annealing, and then heated (without retention) at a heating rate of 30 ° C./hr between 800 and 950 ° C. After recrystallization is expressed and the secondary recrystallization is completed by heating between 950 and 1050 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C./hr to 1200 ° C., the temperature is maintained at that temperature for 5 hr in a hydrogen atmosphere. Finish annealing for purification treatment was applied.
- the average cooling rate from 800 ° C. to 300 ° C. is increased to 200 ° C./s or more in the cooling process of intermediate annealing, and the heating rate of 500 to 700 ° C. is increased to 500 ° C. in the heating process of primary recrystallization annealing.
- the mechanism by which the magnetic flux density is significantly improved by increasing the temperature to ° C./s or higher has not yet been fully clarified, but the inventors think as follows.
- C 0.020 to 0.10 mass% If C is less than 0.020 mass%, the structure becomes ⁇ single phase during casting or hot spreading, so that the steel becomes brittle and cracks occur in the slab, or ear cracks occur on the edge of the steel sheet after hot spreading. If it occurs, it will interfere with manufacturing. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.10 mass%, it becomes difficult to reduce it to 0.005 mass% or less in which magnetic aging does not occur in decarburization annealing. Therefore, C is in the range of 0.020 to 0.10 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.025 to 0.050 mass%.
- Si 2.0-4.0 mass%
- Si is an element necessary to increase the specific resistance of steel and improve iron loss, but the above effect is not sufficient if it is less than 2.0 mass%, while if it exceeds 4.0 mass%, it is a steel. Workability is reduced, making it difficult to roll and manufacture. Therefore, Si is in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 mass%. It is preferably in the range of 2.5 to 3.8 mass%.
- Mn 0.005 to 0.50 mass%
- Mn is an element necessary for improving the hot workability of steel, but the above effect is not sufficient if it is less than 0.005 mass%, while if it is added in excess of 0.50 mass%, the magnetic flux of the product plate is increased. The density will decrease. Therefore, Mn is set in the range of 0.005 to 0.50 mass%. It is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 0.20 mass%.
- Al less than 0.010 mass%, N, S and Se each less than 0.0050 mass% Since the present invention manufactures grain-oriented electrical steel sheets using a steel material that does not contain an inhibitor-forming component, it is an inhibitor-forming component. The contents of certain Al, N, S and Se need to be reduced as much as possible. Therefore, in the present invention, Al: less than 0.010 mass%, and N, S, and Se are each limited to less than 0.0050 mass%. Preferably, Al: less than 0.007 mass%, N: less than 0.0040 mass%, and S and Se: less than 0.0030 mass%, respectively.
- the balance other than the above components is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- Cr 0.01 to 0.50 mass%
- Cu 0.01 to 0.50 mass%
- Ni 0.01 to 0.50 mass%.
- Bi 0.005 to 0.50 mass%
- B 0.0002 to 0.0025 mass%
- Nb 0.0010 to 0.0100 mass%
- Sn 0.010 to 0.400 mass%
- Sb 0.010 ⁇ 0.150 mass%
- Mo 0.010 ⁇ 0.200 mass%
- P 0.010 ⁇ 0.150 mass%
- V 0.0005 ⁇ 0.0100 mass%
- Ti 0.0005 ⁇ 0.0100 mass%
- a steel material (slab) having the component composition described above is heated to a predetermined temperature, hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled plate, and then hot-rolled and annealed.
- a steel material (slab) having the component composition described above is heated to a predetermined temperature, hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled plate, and then hot-rolled and annealed.
- it can be produced by a method for producing a directional electromagnetic steel sheet, which comprises a series of steps of secondary recrystallization, purification treatment, finish annealing, and flattening annealing.
- the steel material can be produced by a conventional continuous casting method or an ingot-decomposition rolling method after melting steel adjusted to the composition of the components described above in a conventional refining process. .. Further, a thin slab having a thickness of 100 mm or less may be produced by a direct casting method.
- the slab is heated to a predetermined temperature and then subjected to hot rolling into a hot-rolled plate having a predetermined plate thickness.
- the steel material containing no inhibitor-forming component is used as the heating temperature of the slab in the present invention, high-temperature heating for solid-solving the inhibitor is not necessary, and 1280 ° C. or lower is sufficient. It is preferably 1250 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature may be a temperature that can ensure workability in hot rolling, and is preferably 1100 ° C. or higher.
- the hot-rolled plate obtained by the hot rolling is subjected to hot-rolled plate annealing for the purpose of completely recrystallizing the hot-rolled plate structure.
- the maximum temperature reached for the hot-rolled sheet annealing is preferably 950 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of surely obtaining the above effects. More preferably, it is 1000 ° C. or higher.
- the maximum temperature reached exceeds 1150 ° C., the crystal grains after annealing on the hot-rolled plate become coarse and it becomes difficult to obtain a primary recrystallized structure of sized grains, so the temperature is limited to 1150 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 1100 ° C. or lower.
- the time for maintaining the maximum temperature is preferably in the range of 5 to 300 s in order to sufficiently obtain the effect of hot-rolled sheet annealing and from the viewpoint of ensuring productivity.
- the hot-rolled plate after annealing is pickled and descaled, and then cold-rolled once or cold-rolled two or more times with intermediate annealing sandwiched between them to achieve the final thickness of the cold-rolled plate.
- the annealing temperature in the intermediate annealing is preferably in the range of 1000 to 1150 ° C., below 1000 ° C., it is difficult to completely recrystallize, while annealing. This is because when the temperature exceeds 1150 ° C., the crystal grains after annealing become coarse and it becomes difficult to obtain a primary recrystallized structure of sized grains. More preferably, it is in the range of 1020 to 1100 ° C.
- the soaking time of the intermediate annealing is preferably in the range of 5 to 300 s in order to obtain a sufficient annealing effect and from the viewpoint of ensuring productivity.
- the most important thing in the present invention is from the maximum temperature (equal heating temperature) in annealing before cold rolling, specifically, in annealing of any one or more of hot-rolled sheet annealing and intermediate annealing. It means that it is necessary to perform rapid cooling at an average cooling rate of 200 ° C./s or more during the cooling process of 800 to 300 ° C. As described above, by setting the average cooling rate in this temperature range to 200 ° C./s or higher, a large strain is introduced into the steel sheet after cooling, and the texture of the steel sheet after primary recrystallization annealing is improved. , The magnetic properties of the product plate can be improved. It is preferably 300 ° C./s or higher.
- a rapid cooling device or the like that jet-injects water as described in Patent Document 5 described above can be preferably used.
- the upper limit cooling rate is not particularly specified, the upper limit cooling rate of the quenching device is about 1200 ° C./s.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet (cold-rolled sheet) having the final thickness is then subjected to primary recrystallization annealing that also serves as decarburization annealing.
- this primary recrystallization annealing is preferably performed in the range of a soaking temperature of 800 to 900 ° C. and a soaking time of 50 to 300 s.
- this annealing atmosphere is preferably a moist atmosphere from the viewpoint of ensuring decarburization.
- the texture is further improved and the magnetic properties are improved. Desirably, it is 600 ° C./s or higher.
- the above-mentioned primary recrystallization annealed steel sheet is subjected to an annealing separator mainly containing MgO on the surface of the steel sheet, followed by secondary recrystallization.
- the finish is annealed for purification.
- no annealing separator is applied, or an annealing separator mainly composed of silica or alumina is applied to the surface of the steel sheet, and then the above-mentioned finish is applied. Anneal.
- the finish annealing is a retention treatment of holding 5 to 200 hr at an arbitrary temperature between 800 and 950 ° C., or heating between 800 and 950 ° C. at an average temperature rise rate of 5 ° C./hr or less.
- the temperature was continued or once lowered to 700 ° C. or lower, and then reheated, and the temperature range between 950 and 1050 ° C. was set as the average temperature rise rate of 5 to 35 ° C./hr. It is preferable to heat to a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher to complete the secondary recrystallization, and then keep the temperature at 2 hr or more for purification treatment.
- Al, N, S and Se in the steel sheet are reduced to unavoidable impurity levels.
- the preferred retention treatment time between 800 and 950 ° C. is 50 to 150 hr, and the preferred average heating rate between 800 and 950 ° C. is 1 to 3 ° C./hr.
- the preferred temperature of the purification treatment is 1200 to 1250 ° C., and the preferred holding time is 2 to 10 hr.
- the atmosphere of the purification treatment of the final annealing is preferably set to a H 2 atmosphere.
- the steel sheet after finish annealing is washed with water, brushed, pickled, etc., and then flattened and annealed for shape correction to reduce iron loss. It is valid. Further, when the steel sheets are laminated and used, it is preferable to coat the surface of the steel sheet with an insulating film in any step of flattening annealing or before or after the flattening annealing in order to improve the iron loss. In order to further reduce iron loss, it is preferable to use a tension-applying film as the insulating film.
- a method may be adopted in which a tension applying film is formed via a binder, or an inorganic substance is vapor-deposited on the surface layer of the steel sheet by a physical vapor deposition method or a chemical vapor deposition method to form a tension applying film.
- the surface of the product plate is irradiated with a laser beam, plasma beam, etc. to impart thermal strain or impact strain, or grooves are formed on the surface of the steel plate to perform magnetic domain subdivision processing. Is preferable.
- a steel slab having the composition shown in Table 3 and having the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities was produced by a continuous casting method, reheated to a temperature of 1280 ° C., and then hot-rolled to obtain a plate thickness of 2.
- a 2 mm hot-rolled plate was formed, and the hot-rolled plate was annealed at 1050 ° C. ⁇ 20 s.
- the average cooling rates between 800 to 300 ° C. and 300 to 100 ° C. in the cooling process of hot-rolled sheet annealing were changed as shown in Table 4.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO is applied to the surface of the steel sheet after the primary recrystallization annealing, and then heated (without retention) at a heating rate of 30 ° C./hr between 800 ° C. and 950 ° C.
- the secondary recrystallization is expressed, and subsequently, the temperature between 950 and 1050 ° C. is heated to 1200 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C./hr to complete the secondary recrystallization, and then the temperature is maintained at the temperature of 10 hr under a hydrogen atmosphere. Finish annealing for purification treatment was applied.
- a test piece was taken from the steel sheet after finish annealing thus obtained, and the magnetic flux density B 8 (magnetic flux density when excited at 800 A / m) was measured by the method described in JIS C2550, and the results are shown in Table 4. It is also written in. From Table 4, all of the steel sheets using a steel material having a composition suitable for the present invention and rapidly cooling by hot-rolled sheet annealing under the conditions suitable for the present invention have excellent magnetic flux densities, and in particular, heat. It can be seen that the faster the cooling rate between 800 and 300 ° C. of rolled sheet annealing, the better the magnetic flux density.
- a steel slab containing Al: 0.0070 mass%, N: 0.0035 mass% and S: 0.0010 mass%, the balance of which is Fe and unavoidable impurities, is produced by a continuous casting method and reconstituted at a temperature of 1230 ° C. After heating, it was hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled plate having a plate thickness of 2.0 mm, and the hot-rolled plate was annealed at 950 ° C. ⁇ 20 s. Then, in the first cold rolling, the intermediate plate thickness was 1.3 mm, after performing intermediate annealing at 1060 ° C.
- the second cold rolling was performed to obtain a cold rolled plate having a final plate thickness of 0.20 mm. ..
- the average cooling rates between 800 to 300 ° C. and 300 to 100 ° C. in the cooling process of hot-rolled sheet annealing and intermediate annealing were changed as shown in Table 5.
- the cold-rolled sheet, in a wet atmosphere having a dew point of 60 ° C. with 55vol% H 2 -45vol% N 2 was subjected to primary recrystallization annealing, which also serves as a decarburization annealing at 850 ° C. ⁇ 60s.
- the average heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. in the heating process was 400 ° C./s.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO is applied to the surface of the steel sheet after the primary recrystallization annealing, and then heated (without retention) at a heating rate of 25 ° C./hr between 800 ° C. and 950 ° C.
- the secondary recrystallization is expressed, and subsequently, the temperature between 950 and 1050 ° C. is heated to 1225 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C./hr to complete the secondary recrystallization, and then the temperature is maintained at the temperature for 10 hr under a hydrogen atmosphere. Finish annealing for purification treatment was applied.
- a test piece was taken from the steel sheet after finish annealing thus obtained, and the magnetic flux density B 8 (magnetic flux density when excited at 800 A / m) was measured by the method described in JIS C2550, and the results are shown in Table 5. It is also written in. From Table 5, all the steel sheets subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing and / or intermediate annealing under the conditions conforming to the present invention using a steel material having a component composition suitable for the present invention have excellent magnetic flux densities. I understand.
- a steel slab containing Al: 0.0070 mass%, N: 0.0035 mass% and S: 0.0010 mass%, the balance of which is Fe and unavoidable impurities, is produced by a continuous casting method and reheated to a temperature of 1280 ° C. After heating, it was hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled plate having a plate thickness of 2.5 mm, and the hot-rolled plate was annealed at 1000 ° C. for 60 s. At that time, the average cooling rates between 800 to 300 ° C. and 300 to 100 ° C. in the cooling process of hot-rolled sheet annealing were changed as shown in Table 6.
- the intermediate plate thickness was 1.8 mm
- the second cold rolling was performed to obtain a cold rolled plate having a final plate thickness of 0.23 mm. ..
- the average cooling rate between 800 and 100 ° C. in the cooling process of intermediate annealing was set to 40 ° C./s.
- the cold-rolled sheet in a wet atmosphere having a dew point of 58 ° C. with 55vol% H 2 -45vol% N 2 , was subjected to primary recrystallization annealing, which also serves as a decarburization annealing at 850 ° C. ⁇ 100s.
- the average heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. in the heating process was changed as shown in Table 6.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO is applied to the surface of the steel sheet after the primary recrystallization annealing, and after the secondary recrystallization is completed, it is kept at a temperature of 1225 ° C. for 10 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere for purification.
- a test piece was taken from the steel sheet after finish annealing thus obtained, and the magnetic flux density B 8 (magnetic flux density when excited at 800 A / m) was measured by the method described in JIS C2550, and the results are shown in Table 6. It is also written in. From Table 6, the temperature is lowered to 680 ° C. by performing a retention treatment of 5 hr or more between 800 and 950 ° C. in the heating process of finish annealing, or by raising the temperature between 800 and 950 ° C. at 5 ° C./s or less. It can be seen that the magnetic flux density of the product plate is further improved regardless of the presence or absence. Further, it can be seen that the magnetic flux density is further improved by increasing the average heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. in the heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing to 500 ° C./s or more.
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Abstract
Description
<実験1>
C:0.045mass%、Si:3.0mass%、Mn:0.05mass%、Al:0.0050mass%、N:0.0030mass%およびS:0.0020mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼を真空溶解炉で溶製し、鋳造して鋼塊とした後、該鋼塊を1250℃の温度に加熱し、熱間圧延して板厚2.0mmの熱延板とした。次いで、上記熱延板に、最高到達温度を1000℃とする熱延板焼鈍を施した。その際、熱延板焼鈍の1000℃から室温までの冷却過程を、表1に示したように、1000~800℃間、800~300℃間および300~100℃間の3区間に分け、それぞれの区間の平均冷却速度を変化させて冷却した。その後、冷間圧延して板厚0.23mmの冷延板に仕上げた後、50vol%H2-50vol%N2、露点50℃の湿潤雰囲気下で、均熱温度850℃×均熱時間100sの脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。次いで、MgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を鋼板表面に塗布した後、800℃~950℃間を30℃/hrの昇温速度で加熱(保定なし)して二次再結晶を発現させ、引き続き、950~1050℃間を20℃/hrの昇温速度で1200℃まで加熱して二次再結晶を完了させた後、水素雰囲気下で該温度に5hr保持する純化処理する仕上焼鈍を施した。
熱延板焼鈍を施した鋼板は、脱炭焼鈍(一次再結晶焼鈍)工程前であり、C含有量が高いため、焼鈍での加熱によって一部が逆変態を起こし、α相からγ相へと変化する。変態したγ相と周囲のα相は結晶構造が異なり(γ相がFCC、α相がBCC)、熱膨張率も異なる。このような状態から、200℃/s以上で急速冷却を行うと、過冷却によってγ相はα相に変態せず、そのまま収縮して残留する。そのため、熱膨張係数の違いにより、γ相とα相の相界面は、通常とは異なる歪が生じる。その結果、次工程の冷間圧延における転位のすべり系が変化し、一次再結晶焼鈍(脱炭焼鈍)後の鋼板の{411}方位粒が増加し、集合組織が改善されることで、磁気特性が向上したものと考えている。なお、100℃/s以下の冷却速度でも相界面に歪は生じると考えられるが、冷却速度が遅い分、歪が解消し易く、上記効果が十分に得られなかったと考えられる。
C:0.060mass%、Si:3.2mass%、Mn:0.1mass%、Al:0.080mass%、N:0.0045mass%、S:0.0010mass%およびSe:0.0030mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼を真空溶解炉で溶製し、鋳造して鋼塊とした後、該鋼塊を1200℃の温度に加熱し、熱間圧延して板厚2.5mmの熱延板とした。次いで、上記熱延板に、最高到達温度を1050℃とする熱延板焼鈍を施し、1回目の冷間圧延して中間板厚1.5mmとし、最高到達温度を1050℃とする中間焼鈍を施した。この際、上記中間焼鈍の1050℃から室温までの冷却過程における1050~800℃間の平均冷却速度を10℃/s、300~100℃の平均冷却速度を30℃/sとし、上記温度域間の800~300℃間の平均冷却速度を表2のように種々に変化させて冷却した。その後、2回目の冷間圧延(最終冷間圧延)して最終板厚0.20mmの冷延板に仕上げた後、50vol%H2-50vol%N2、露点60℃の湿潤雰囲気下で、均熱温度860℃×均熱時間120sの脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。この際、一次再結晶焼鈍の加熱過程における500~700℃間の平均昇温速度を300℃/s、500℃/sおよび1000℃/sの3水準に変化させた。次いで、上記一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面に、MgOを主体とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、800~950℃間を30℃/hrの昇温速度で加熱(保定なし)して二次再結晶を発現させ、引き続き、950~1050℃間を20℃/hrの昇温速度で1200℃まで加熱して二次再結晶を完了させた後、水素雰囲気下で該温度に5hr保持して純化処理する仕上焼鈍を施した。
本発明は、上記の新規な知見に基づき開発したものである。
C:0.020~0.10mass%
Cは、0.020mass%に満たないと、鋳造時や熱延時に組織がα単相となるため、鋼が脆化して、スラブに割れが生じたり、熱延後の鋼板エッジに耳割れが生じたりして、製造に支障を来たすようになる。一方、0.10mass%を超えると、脱炭焼鈍において、磁気時効が起こらない0.005mass%以下に低減することが困難になる。よって、Cは0.020~0.10mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは、0.025~0.050mass%の範囲である。
Siは、鋼の比抵抗を高めて、鉄損を改善するために必要な元素であるが、2.0mass%未満では上記効果が十分ではなく、一方、4.0mass%を超えると、鋼の加工性が低下し、圧延して製造することが困難となる。よって、Siは2.0~4.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは2.5~3.8mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、鋼の熱間加工性を改善するために必要な元素であるが、0.005mass%未満では上記効果が十分ではなく、一方、0.50mass%を超えて添加すると、製品板の磁束密度が低下するようになる。よって、Mnは0.005~0.50mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.03~0.20mass%の範囲である。
本発明は、インヒビター形成成分を含有していない鋼素材を用いて方向性電磁鋼板を製造するため、インヒビター形成成分であるAl,N,SおよびSeの含有量は、極力低減する必要がある。そこで、本発明では、Al:0.010mass%未満、N,SおよびSeはそれぞれ0.0050mass%未満に制限する。好ましくは、Al:0.007mass%未満、N:0.0040mass%未満、SおよびSe:それぞれ0.0030mass%未満である。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、上記に説明した成分組成を有する鋼素材(スラブ)を所定の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延して熱延板とし、熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延して最終板厚の冷延板とし、脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、鋼板表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、二次再結晶させた後、純化処理する仕上焼鈍し、平坦化焼鈍する一連の工程からなる方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法で製造することができる。
Claims (5)
- C:0.020~0.10mass%、Si:2.0~4.0mass%、Mn:0.005~0.50mass%を含有し、かつ、Al:0.010mass%未満、N,SおよびSeをそれぞれ0.0050mass%未満含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1280℃以下の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延して熱延板とし、熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回の冷間圧延または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延して最終板厚の冷延板とし、脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍し、鋼板表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、仕上焼鈍し、平坦化焼鈍する一連の工程からなる方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、
上記熱延板焼鈍および中間焼鈍のいずれか1以上の焼鈍において、最高到達温度からの冷却過程の800℃から300℃までを、平均冷却速度200℃/s以上で急速冷却することを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 上記急速冷却に引き続き、300℃から100℃までを、平均冷却速度を5~40℃/sの範囲で冷却することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍の加熱過程における500~700℃間の昇温速度を500℃/s以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記仕上焼鈍の加熱過程において、800~950℃間の任意の温度で5~200hr保持する保定処理した後、または、800~950℃間を平均昇温速度5℃/hr以下で加熱して二次再結晶を発現させ、さらに、1100℃以上の温度まで加熱して二次再結晶を完了させた後、該温度に2hr以上保持して純化処理することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記鋼スラブは、上記成分組成に加えてさらに、
Cr:0.01~0.50mass%、
Cu:0.01~0.50mass%、
Ni:0.01~0.50mass%、
Bi:0.005~0.50mass%、
B:0.0002~0.0025mass%、
Nb:0.0010~0.0100mass%、
Sn:0.010~0.400mass%、
Sb:0.010~0.150mass%、
Mo:0.010~0.200mass%、
P:0.010~0.150mass%、
V:0.0005~0.0100mass%および
Ti:0.0005~0.0100mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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