WO2020213676A1 - 吸音材 - Google Patents

吸音材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020213676A1
WO2020213676A1 PCT/JP2020/016702 JP2020016702W WO2020213676A1 WO 2020213676 A1 WO2020213676 A1 WO 2020213676A1 JP 2020016702 W JP2020016702 W JP 2020016702W WO 2020213676 A1 WO2020213676 A1 WO 2020213676A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base material
sound absorbing
material layer
absorbing material
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2020/016702
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
慧 高安
亜唯 横倉
智彦 小竹
Original Assignee
日立化成株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 日立化成株式会社 filed Critical 日立化成株式会社
Priority to KR1020217032238A priority Critical patent/KR20210152474A/ko
Priority to EP20791236.1A priority patent/EP3958252A4/en
Priority to US17/602,276 priority patent/US20220165244A1/en
Priority to JP2021514211A priority patent/JPWO2020213676A1/ja
Priority to CN202080028505.2A priority patent/CN113692614A/zh
Publication of WO2020213676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020213676A1/ja

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sound absorbing material.
  • a single-layer sound-absorbing structure made of melt-blown non-woven fabric is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the sound absorbing characteristics are insufficient, especially in the low frequency region.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sound absorbing material having excellent sound absorbing characteristics in a low frequency region.
  • the present invention provides a sound absorbing material including a resin film, a first base material layer having communication holes, and a second base material layer having communication holes in this order.
  • the first base material layer and the second base material layer may be a resin foam or a non-woven fabric.
  • the thickness of the first base material layer may be thinner than the thickness of the second base material layer.
  • the resin film may be composed of polyolefin, polyester or polyamide.
  • the sound absorbing material may have a metal vapor deposition layer on at least one surface of the resin film.
  • the sound absorbing material may further include an adhesive layer in at least one of the resin film and the first base material layer, and the first base material layer and the second base material layer.
  • the thickness of the sound absorbing material may be 1 to 100 mm.
  • the sound absorbing material may have a vertically incident sound absorption coefficient of 0.3 or more measured in accordance with JIS A 1405-1 at any frequency of 1 kHz or less.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sound absorbing material.
  • the sound absorbing material 10 includes a resin film 1, a first base material layer 2 having communication holes, and a second base material layer 3 having communication holes in this order.
  • the sound (sound energy) incident from the resin film side is dissipated as heat energy when passing through the sound absorbing material. As a result, sound attenuation is observed.
  • Base layer examples of the base material layer having communication holes include a resin foam, a non-woven fabric, a polymer porous body, and a porous ceramic. Of these, the base material layer may be a resin foam or a non-woven fabric from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region.
  • the first base material layer and the second base material layer may be made of the same material or may be made of different materials.
  • the material of the resin foam examples include polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and the like. From the viewpoint of heat resistance, flame retardancy, etc., the material of the resin foam may be melamine resin.
  • Examples of the fibers constituting the non-woven fabric include organic fibers and inorganic fibers.
  • Examples of the organic fiber include polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene (low density or high density), polypropylene, copolymerized polyethylene, and copolymerized polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene naphthalate.
  • Such as polyester fiber, acrylic fiber, polyamide fiber, nylon fiber, rayon fiber, natural fiber such as wool and the like can be mentioned.
  • examples of the inorganic fiber include glass fiber, metal fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber and the like.
  • the fibers constituting the non-woven fabric may contain one kind or two or more kinds of these.
  • the thickness of the base material layer can be 0.1 to 50 mm, 0.5 to 20 mm, or 2.0 to 20 mm from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region. It may be 2.0 to 10 mm.
  • the first base material layer and the second base material layer may have the same thickness or may have different thicknesses. From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region, the thickness of the first base material layer (base material layer on the incident side of sound) may be thinner than the thickness of the second base material layer.
  • the basis weight of the base material layer can be 10 to 1000 g / m 2 and may be 30 to 800 g / m 2 or 30 to 700 g / m 2 from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region. It may be 50 to 500 g / m 2 or 150 to 300 g / m 2 .
  • the first base material layer and the second base material layer may have the same basis weight or may have different basis weights.
  • the density of the base material layer can be 0.005 to 1.0 g / cm 3 or 0.010 to 0.50 g / cm 3 from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region. It may be 0.010 to 0.20 g / cm 3 , 0.020 to 0.20 g / cm 3 , or 0.020 to 0.15 g / cm 3 .
  • the first base material layer and the second base material layer may have the same density or may have different densities.
  • the sound absorbing material may further include another base material layer having communication holes from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorbing characteristics in the low frequency region. That is, the sound absorbing material includes, in addition to the first base material layer having communication holes and the second base material layer having communication holes, a third base material layer having communication holes, a fourth base material layer having communication holes, and the like. May be provided.
  • Each base material layer may be composed of the same material or may be composed of different materials.
  • Resin film examples of the resin constituting the resin film include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (low density or high density), polypropylene, copolymerized polyethylene, and copolymerized polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate.
  • polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (low density or high density), polypropylene, copolymerized polyethylene, and copolymerized polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate.
  • Polybutylene naphthalate and other polyester resins PTFE, FEP, PFA and other fluororesins, polyimide resins, polyamide resins, aramid resins, vinyl chloride resins, acrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins Examples thereof include resins, polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, polystyrene-based resins, polyacrylonitrile-based resins, and ethylene / vinyl acetate-based resins.
  • the thickness of the resin film can be 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m, 5 to 250 ⁇ m, or 10 to 100 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region.
  • the first resin film and the second resin film may have the same thickness or may have different thicknesses.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the resin film to the thickness of the base material layer may be 1 to 20000. It can be 10 to 10000 or 100 to 1000.
  • the resin film may be provided with a metal vapor deposition layer on its surface from the viewpoint of improving the sound absorption effect by adjusting the film characteristics and imparting the heat ray reflection function. That is, the sound absorbing material may further include a metal vapor deposition layer on at least one surface of the first resin film and the second resin film.
  • the metal vapor deposition layer can be formed by physical vapor deposition such as vacuum vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition of metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, zinc alloy, and silver.
  • the metal vapor deposition layer may be provided on both sides of the resin film, or may be provided on one side.
  • the resin film may be a perforated film from the viewpoint of improving the sound absorbing effect in the low frequency region and adjusting the sound absorbing frequency peak.
  • the perforated film may have holes arranged in a grid pattern or a diamond shape. From the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region, the hole may have a circular shape having a diameter of 0.1 to 50.0 mm, a circular shape of 0.2 to 10.0 mm, and 0.3. It may have a circular shape of up to 5.0 mm.
  • the shape of the hole may be circular, elliptical, rectangular, polygonal or the like.
  • the resin film may be further provided between the first base material layer having communication holes and the second base material layer having communication holes from the viewpoint of excellent sound absorption characteristics in the low frequency region.
  • the sound absorbing material further includes a third base material layer, a fourth base material layer, and the like
  • the resin film may be further provided between the base material layers.
  • Each resin film may be composed of the same material or may be composed of different materials.
  • the sound absorbing material may further include an adhesive layer between the above layers.
  • the sound absorbing material may have an adhesive layer at least between the resin film and the first base material layer, and between the first base material layer and the second base material layer.
  • the adhesive layer includes polyester resin, vinyl acetate resin, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin, isobutene / maleic anhydride copolymer resin, acrylic copolymer resin, acrylic monomer, acrylic oligomer, vinyl chloride resin, and urethane resin (moisture curing).
  • silylated urethane resin epoxy resin, modified epoxy resin, polyolefin resin such as polyethylene resin, ionomer resin, silicone resin, modified silicone resin, styrene / butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber, isoprene rubber
  • the adhesive layer may be one having the layer containing the adhesive component or the laminate on both sides of the resin film (adhesive sheet). In this case, the above-mentioned resin film can be used as the resin film.
  • Each adhesive layer may be composed of the same material or may be composed of different materials.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but may be 0.01 to 500 ⁇ m, and may be 1 to 250 ⁇ m. Each adhesive layer may have the same thickness or may have different thicknesses.
  • the thickness of the sound absorbing material can be 1 to 100 mm, may be 2 to 50 mm, or may be 5 to 30 mm from the viewpoint of expressing sound absorbing characteristics, workability of the material, space saving, and the like. Good.
  • the sound absorbing material is 0.3 or more, or 0, measured in accordance with JIS A 1405-1 at any frequency of 1 kHz or less, specifically at at least one of 250 Hz, 500 Hz and 1 kHz. It can have a vertical incident sound absorption coefficient of .4 or more.
  • the vertically incident sound absorption coefficient can be 0.3 or more at 1 kHz, and may be 0.4 or more.
  • the vertically incident sound absorption coefficient can be 0.2 or more at 750 kHz, and may be 0.3 or more.
  • the sound absorption coefficient can be 0.1 or more at 500 kHz, and may be 0.15 or more.
  • the sound absorbing material can be produced by laminating each layer.
  • the sound absorbing material may be used in a state where the respective layers are adhered by providing the adhesive layer as described above, but the sound absorbing material may be used without the respective layers being adhered. Further, the adhesive layer may be provided only in a part of the layers.
  • the laminate constituting the sound absorbing material may be used in a state of being housed in the housing.
  • the sound absorbing material has excellent sound absorbing characteristics in the low frequency region. Therefore, the sound absorbing material can be suitably used in applications such as automobiles, railroad vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings such as houses, electronic devices, and precision machinery.
  • the low frequency region referred to here can be a region having a frequency of 1 kHz or less, may be a region of 800 Hz or less, may be a region of 750 Hz or less, or may be a region of 500 Hz or less. ..
  • Double-sided aluminum-deposited polyethylene terephthalate film Al-deposited PET: 12 ⁇ m thick Polyethylene terephthalate film A (PET-A): 12 ⁇ m thick Polyethylene terephthalate film B (PET-B): 25 ⁇ m thick Polyethylene terephthalate film C (PET-C): thickness 50 ⁇ m Polyethylene terephthalate film D (PET-D): thickness 250 ⁇ m Biaxially stretched polypropylene film (OPP): 20 ⁇ m thick Polyethylene film (PE): 25 ⁇ m thick
  • Double-sided tape A 3M Japan Ltd., PGD-100 (0.12 mm thick, base material: non-woven fabric
  • Double-sided tape B Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., Hybon 25-563 (0.15 mm thick, base material: Al foil)
  • Adhesive A 3M Japan Ltd., Spray glue No. 77
  • Adhesive B KLEBCHEMIE M. G. Becker GmbH & Co. KG, polyolefin hot melt resin (966P, 50g / m 2 coated)
  • Adhesive C KLEBCHEMIE M. G. Becker GmbH & Co.
  • Adhesive sheet A The Al vapor-deposited PET is provided with the double-sided tape A on both sides.
  • Adhesive sheet B The Al-deposited PET is provided with the adhesive A layer on both sides.
  • Adhesive sheet C Kurashiki Spinning Co., Ltd., Polyolefin hot melt Resin sheet (X4300, 0.05 mm thick)
  • Adhesive sheet D Kurabo Industries Ltd., polyester sheet hot melt resin sheet (G-5, 0.03 mm thick)
  • Adhesive sheet E Kurabo Industries Ltd., polyurethane hot melt resin sheet (S-1700, 0.05 mm thick)
  • Sound absorbing materials having the configurations shown in Tables 2 and 3 were produced. Double-sided tape, adhesive or adhesive sheet was used to bond each layer. In * 1 in the table, the resin film and the first base material are bonded with double-sided tape A or the adhesive A, and the first base material layer and the second base material are bonded with the adhesive sheet A and the adhesive sheet B. Alternatively, double-sided tape B was used.
  • FIGS. 2 to 8 are diagrams showing the vertical incident sound absorption coefficient of each Example and Comparative Example. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the sound absorbing material of the example is excellent in sound absorbing characteristics in the low frequency region.

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Abstract

本開示は、樹脂フィルムと、連通孔を有する第一基材層と、連通孔を有する第二基材層と、をこの順に備える吸音材に関する。

Description

吸音材
　本発明は、吸音材に関する。
　メルトブロー不織布からなる単一層の吸音構造体が知られている（例えば、特許文献１）。
特開２０１２－２１４９５７号公報
　不織布からなる単一層の吸音構造体の場合、特に低周波数領域における吸音特性が不充分である。
　本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる吸音材を提供することを目的とする。
　本発明は、樹脂フィルムと、連通孔を有する第一基材層と、連通孔を有する第二基材層と、をこの順に備える吸音材を提供する。
　一態様において、上記第一基材層及び上記第二基材層が、樹脂発泡体又は不織布であってよい。
　一態様において、上記第一基材層の厚さが、上記第二基材層の厚さよりも薄くてよい。
　一態様において、上記樹脂フィルムが、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル又はポリアミドから構成されてよい。
　一態様において、吸音材が、上記樹脂フィルムの少なくともいずれかの表面に、金属蒸着層を有してよい。
　一態様において、吸音材が、上記樹脂フィルム及び上記第一基材層間、並びに上記第一基材層及び上記第二基材層間の少なくともいずれかに、接着剤層をさらに備えてよい。
　一態様において、吸音材の厚さが１～１００ｍｍであってよい。
　一態様において、吸音材が、１ｋＨｚ以下のいずれかの周波数において、ＪＩＳ　Ａ　１４０５－１に準拠して測定される０．３以上の垂直入射吸音率を有してよい。
　本発明によれば、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる吸音材を提供することができる。
吸音材の模式断面図である。 実施例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。 実施例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。 実施例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。 実施例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。 実施例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。 比較例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。 比較例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。
＜吸音材＞
　図１は吸音材の模式断面図である。吸音材１０は、樹脂フィルム１と、連通孔を有する第一基材層２と、連通孔を有する第二基材層３と、をこの順に備える。樹脂フィルム側から入射した音（音響エネルギー）は、吸音材を透過する際に熱エネルギーとして散逸される。これにより音の減衰が観察される。
（基材層）
　連通孔を有する基材層としては、樹脂発泡体、不織布、高分子多孔体、多孔質セラミック等が挙げられる。これらのうち、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、基材層は樹脂発泡体又は不織布であってよい。第一基材層及び第二基材層は、同じ素材から構成されていてもよく、異なる素材から構成されていてもよい。
　樹脂発泡体の素材としては、例えば、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、メラミン樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、天然ゴム、合成ゴム等が挙げられる。耐熱性、難燃性等の観点から、樹脂発泡体の素材はメラミン樹脂であってよい。
　不織布を構成する繊維としては、有機繊維及び無機繊維が挙げられる。有機繊維としては、例えば、ポリエチレン（低密度又は高密度）、ポリプロピレン、共重合ポリエチレン、共重合ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン繊維、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンナフタレート等のポリエステル繊維、アクリル繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ナイロン繊維、レーヨン繊維、ウール等の天然繊維などが挙げられる。また、無機繊維としては、ガラス繊維、金属繊維、セラミックス繊維、炭素繊維等が挙げられる。不織布を構成する繊維は、これらを１種又は２種以上を含むことができる。
　基材層の厚さは、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、０．１～５０ｍｍとすることができ、０．５～２０ｍｍであってもよく、２．０～２０ｍｍであってもよく、２．０～１０ｍｍであってもよい。第一基材層及び第二基材層は、同じ厚さを有していてもよく、異なる厚さを有していてもよい。低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、第一基材層（音の入射側の基材層）の厚さが、第二基材層の厚さよりも薄くてよい。
　基材層の目付は、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、１０～１０００ｇ／ｍ２とすることができ、３０～８００ｇ／ｍ２であってもよく、３０～７００ｇ／ｍ２であってもよく、５０～５００ｇ／ｍ２であってもよく、１５０～３００ｇ／ｍ２であってもよい。第一基材層及び第二基材層は、同じ目付を有していてもよく、異なる目付を有していてもよい。
　基材層の密度は、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、０．００５～１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３とすることができ、０．０１０～０．５０ｇ／ｃｍ３であってもよく、０．０１０～０．２０ｇ／ｃｍ３であってもよく、０．０２０～０．２０ｇ／ｃｍ３であってもよく、０．０２０～０．１５ｇ／ｃｍ３であってもよい。第一基材層及び第二基材層は、同じ密度を有していてもよく、異なる密度を有していてもよい。
　吸音材は、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、さらに連通孔を有する他の基材層を備えていてもよい。すなわち、吸音材は、連通孔を有する第一基材層及び連通孔を有する第二基材層に加えて、さらに連通孔を有する第三基材層、連通孔を有する第四基材層等を備えていてもよい。各基材層は、同じ素材から構成されていてもよく、異なる素材から構成されていてもよい。
（樹脂フィルム）
　樹脂フィルムを構成する樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレン（低密度又は高密度）、ポリプロピレン、共重合ポリエチレン、共重合ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンナフタレート等のポリエステル系樹脂、ＰＴＦＥ、ＦＥＰ、ＰＦＡ等のフッ素系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、アラミド系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリアクリロニトリル系樹脂、エチレン・酢酸ビニル系樹脂などが挙げられる。
　樹脂フィルムの厚さは、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、０．５～５００μｍとすることができ、５～２５０μｍであってもよく、１０～１００μｍであってもよい。第一樹脂フィルム及び第二樹脂フィルムは、同じ厚さを有していてもよく、異なる厚さを有していてもよい。また、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、基材層の厚さに対する樹脂フィルムの厚さの比率（基材層の厚さ／樹脂フィルムの厚さ）は、１～２００００とすることができ、１０～１００００であってもよく、１００～１０００であってもよい。
　樹脂フィルムは、フィルム特性の調整による吸音効果の向上機能、及び熱線反射機能の付与の観点から、その表面に金属蒸着層を備えていてもよい。すなわち、吸音材は、上記第一樹脂フィルム及び上記第二樹脂フィルムの少なくともいずれかの表面に、金属蒸着層をさらに備えてよい。金属蒸着層は、アルミニウム、銅、亜鉛、亜鉛合金、銀等の金属を真空蒸着等の物理蒸着又は化学蒸着により形成できる。金属蒸着層は樹脂フィルムの両面に設けられていてもよく、一方の面に設けられていてもよい。
　樹脂フィルムは、低周波領域の吸音効果の向上及び吸音周波数ピークの調整の観点から、有孔フィルムであってもよい。有孔フィルムは格子状や菱形状に配列した孔を有してよい。当該孔は、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、直径が０．１～５０．０ｍｍの円形状であってよく、０．２～１０．０ｍｍの円形状であってよく、０．３～５．０ｍｍの円形状であってよい。孔の形状は、円形、楕円形、長方形、多角形等であってよい。
　樹脂フィルムは、低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる観点から、連通孔を有する第一基材層及び連通孔を有する第二基材層間にさらに設けられていてもよい。また、吸音材が第三基材層、第四基材層等をさらに備える場合、樹脂フィルムはそれらの基材層間にさらに設けられていてもよい。各樹脂フィルムは、同じ素材から構成されていてもよく、異なる素材から構成されていてもよい。
（接着剤層）
　吸音材は、上記の各層間にさらに接着剤層を備えていてもよい。例えば、吸音材は、樹脂フィルム及び第一基材層間、並びに第一基材層及び第二基材層間の少なくともいずれかに接着剤層を備えていてもよい。接着剤層としては、ポリエステル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂、イソブテン・無水マレイン酸共重合樹脂、アクリル共重合樹脂、アクリルモノマー、アクリルオリゴマー、塩化ビニル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂（湿気硬化型含む）、シリル化ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、変性エポキシ樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂等のポリオレフィン樹脂、アイオノマー樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、変性シリコーン樹脂、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、ニトリルゴム等の合成ゴム、イソプレンゴム等の天然ゴム、水ガラス、シリケート等の接着成分を含む層、あるいは紙、布、樹脂テープ、金属テープ等から構成される支持体の両面にこれらの接着成分を含む層を備える積層物からなる層などが挙げられる。また、接着剤層は、上記接着成分を含む層又は上記積層物を、樹脂フィルムの両面に備えるもの（接着シート）であってもよい。この場合樹脂フィルムとしては、上記した樹脂フィルムを用いることができる。各接着剤層は、同じ素材から構成されていてもよく、異なる素材から構成されていてもよい。
　接着剤層の厚さは特に限定されないが、０．０１～５００μｍとすることができ、１～２５０μｍであってもよい。各接着剤層は、同じ厚さを有していてもよく、異なる厚さを有していてもよい。
　吸音材の厚さは、吸音特性の発現、材料の施工性、省スペース化等の観点から、１～１００ｍｍとすることができ、２～５０ｍｍであってもよく、５～３０ｍｍであってもよい。
　吸音材は、１ｋＨｚ以下のいずれかの周波数において、具体的には例えば２５０Ｈｚ、５００Ｈｚ及び１ｋＨｚの少なくともいずれかの周波数において、ＪＩＳ　Ａ　１４０５－１に準拠して測定される０．３以上、又は０．４以上の垂直入射吸音率を有することができる。当該垂直入射吸音率は、１ｋＨｚにおいて０．３以上とすることができ、０．４以上であってもよい。当該垂直入射吸音率は、７５０ｋＨｚにおいて０．２以上とすることができ、０．３以上であってもよい。当該吸音率は、５００ｋＨｚにおいて０．１以上とすることができ、０．１５以上であってもよい。
＜吸音材の製造方法＞
　吸音材は、各層を積層することにより製造することができる。吸音材は、上記のとおり接着剤層を備えることにより各層が接着された状態で用いられてもよいが、各層が接着されずに用いられてもよい。また、一部の層間のみに接着剤層が設けられてもよい。吸音材を構成する積層体は、筐体に収納された状態で用いてもよい。
＜吸音材の用途＞
　上記吸音材は低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れる。そのため、上記吸音材は、自動車、鉄道車両、航空機、船舶、住宅等の建築物、電子機器、精密機械などの用途において好適に用いることができる。ここでいう低周波領域とは、周波数が１ｋＨｚ以下の領域とすることができ、８００Ｈｚ以下の領域であってもよく、７５０Ｈｚ以下の領域であってもよく、５００Ｈｚ以下の領域であってもよい。
　以下、実施例によって本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
（基材層の準備）
　表１に示す基材層を準備した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
（樹脂フィルムの準備）
　以下の樹脂フィルムを準備した。
両面アルミニウム蒸着ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム（Ａｌ蒸着ＰＥＴ）：厚さ１２μｍ
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムＡ（ＰＥＴ－Ａ）：厚さ１２μｍ
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムＢ（ＰＥＴ－Ｂ）：厚さ２５μｍ
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムＣ（ＰＥＴ－Ｃ）：厚さ５０μｍ
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムＤ（ＰＥＴ－Ｄ）：厚さ２５０μｍ
２軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム（ＯＰＰ）：厚さ２０μｍ
ポリエチレンフィルム（ＰＥ）：厚さ２５μｍ
（接着剤層の準備）
　以下の接着剤層を準備した。
両面テープＡ：スリーエムジャパン株式会社、ＰＧＤ－１００（０．１２ｍｍ厚、基材：不織布）
両面テープＢ：日立化成株式会社、ハイボン２５－５６３（０．１５ｍｍ厚、基材：Ａｌ箔）
接着剤Ａ：スリーエムジャパン株式会社、スプレーのり７７番
接着剤Ｂ：ＫＬＥＢＣＨＥＭＩＥ　Ｍ．Ｇ．Ｂｅｃｋｅｒ　ＧｍｂＨ＆Ｃｏ．ＫＧ、ポリオレフィンホットメルト樹脂（９６６Ｐ、５０ｇ／ｍ２塗布）
接着剤Ｃ：ＫＬＥＢＣＨＥＭＩＥ　Ｍ．Ｇ．Ｂｅｃｋｅｒ　ＧｍｂＨ＆Ｃｏ．ＫＧ、合成ゴムホットメルト樹脂（９３９Ｓ、５０ｇ／ｍ２塗布）
接着剤Ｄ：ＫＬＥＢＣＨＥＭＩＥ　Ｍ．Ｇ．Ｂｅｃｋｅｒ　ＧｍｂＨ＆Ｃｏ．ＫＧ、湿気硬化型ポリウレタンホットメルト樹脂（ＰＵＲ７００．５、５０ｇ／ｍ２塗布）
接着シートＡ：上記Ａｌ蒸着ＰＥＴの両面に上記両面テープＡを備えるもの
接着シートＢ：上記Ａｌ蒸着ＰＥＴの両面に上記接着剤Ａの層を備えるもの
接着シートＣ：倉敷紡績株式会社、ポリオレフィンホットメルト樹脂シート（Ｘ４３００、０．０５ｍｍ厚）
接着シートＤ：倉敷紡績株式会社、ポリエステルシートホットメルト樹脂シート（Ｇ－５、０．０３ｍｍ厚）
接着シートＥ：倉敷紡績株式会社、ポリウレタンホットメルト樹脂シート（Ｓ－１７００、０．０５ｍｍ厚）
（吸音材の作製）
　表２及び表３に示す構成を有する吸音材を作製した。各層の接着には、両面テープ、接着剤又は接着シートを用いた。表中の※１では、樹脂フィルム及び第一基材層間の接着を両面テープＡ又は接着剤Ａにて、第一基材層及び第二基材層間の接着を接着シートＡ、接着シートＢ、又は両面テープＢにて行った。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
（吸音材の吸音特性評価）
　作製した各吸音材の垂直入射吸音率を、以下に従って測定した。表２中の左に記載した層側から音を入射した。測定結果を表４及び表５に示す。
　　装置名：４２０６型インピーダンス管（ブリュエル・ケアー社）
　　測定方法：垂直入射吸音率（ＪＩＳ　Ａ　１４０５－１に準拠）
　　測定範囲：５０～１６００Ｈｚ
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
　図２～８は、各実施例及び比較例の垂直入射吸音率を示す図である。同図に示されるように、実施例の吸音材は低周波数領域における吸音特性に優れることが分かる。
　１…樹脂フィルム、２…連通孔を有する第一基材層、３…連通孔を有する第二基材層、１０…吸音材。
 

Claims (8)

  1. 　樹脂フィルムと、連通孔を有する第一基材層と、連通孔を有する第二基材層と、をこの順に備える吸音材。
  2. 　前記第一基材層及び前記第二基材層が、樹脂発泡体又は不織布である、請求項１に記載の吸音材。
  3. 　前記第一基材層の厚さが、前記第二基材層の厚さよりも薄い、請求項１又は２に記載の吸音材。
  4. 　前記樹脂フィルムが、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル又はポリアミドから構成される、請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載の吸音材。
  5. 　前記樹脂フィルムの少なくともいずれかの表面に、金属蒸着層をさらに備える、請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の吸音材。
  6. 　前記樹脂フィルム及び前記第一基材層間、並びに前記第一基材層及び前記第二基材層間の少なくともいずれかに、接着剤層をさらに備える、請求項１～５のいずれか一項に記載の吸音材。
  7. 　厚さが１～１００ｍｍである、請求項１～６のいずれか一項に記載の吸音材。
  8. 　１ｋＨｚ以下のいずれかの周波数において、ＪＩＳ　Ａ　１４０５－１に準拠して測定される０．３以上の垂直入射吸音率を有する、請求項１～７のいずれか一項に記載の吸音材。
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