CN113692614A - 吸声材料 - Google Patents

吸声材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113692614A
CN113692614A CN202080028505.2A CN202080028505A CN113692614A CN 113692614 A CN113692614 A CN 113692614A CN 202080028505 A CN202080028505 A CN 202080028505A CN 113692614 A CN113692614 A CN 113692614A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
sound
layer
resin
base material
absorbing material
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CN202080028505.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
高安慧
横仓亚唯
小竹智彦
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Resonac Holdings Corp
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Showa Denko KK
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Publication of CN113692614A publication Critical patent/CN113692614A/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种吸声材料，其依次具备树脂膜、具有连通孔的第一基材层及具有连通孔的第二基材层。

Description

吸声材料
技术领域
本发明有关一种吸声材料。
背景技术
已知一种单一层的吸声结构体，其由熔喷(melt blown)无纺布构成(例如专利文献1)。
以往技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2012-214957号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术课题
当为由无纺布构成的单一层的吸声结构体时，特别是低频区域下的吸声特性会不充分。
本发明是鉴于上述原因而研创，目的在于提供一种吸声材料，其低频区域下的吸声特性优异。
用于解决技术课题的手段
本发明提供一种吸声材料，其依次具备树脂膜、具有连通孔的第一基材层及具有连通孔的第二基材层。
在一实施方式中，上述第一基材层及上述第二基材层可以为树脂发泡体或无纺布。
在一实施方式中，上述第一基材层的厚度可以比上述第二基材层的厚度薄。
在一实施方式中，上述树脂膜可以由聚烯烃、聚酯或聚酰胺构成。
在一实施方式中，吸声材料可以在上述树脂膜的至少任一表面，具有金属蒸镀层。
在一实施方式中，吸声材料可以在上述树脂膜与上述第一基材层之间、以及在上述第一基材层与上述第二基材层之间中的至少任一者，具备黏合剂(ad hesive)层。
在一实施方式中，吸声材料的厚度可以为1～100mm。
在一实施方式中，吸声材料可以在1kHz以下的任一频率下，具有按照JISA 1405-1而测得的0.3以上的垂直入射吸声系数。
发明效果
根据本发明，能够提供一种吸声材料，其低频区域下的吸声特性优异。
附图说明
图1是吸声材料的示意剖视图。
图2是表示实施例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。
图3是表示实施例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。
图4是表示实施例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。
图5是表示实施例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。
图6是表示实施例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。
图7是表示比较例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。
图8是表示比较例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。
具体实施方式
＜吸声材料＞
图1是吸声材料的示意剖视图。吸声材料10依次具备树脂膜1、具有连通孔的第一基材层2及具有连通孔的第二基材层3。从树脂膜侧入射后的声音(声能)，在穿透吸声材料时会以热能的形式散逸。由此能够观察到声音的衰减。
(基材层)
作为具有连通孔的基材层，可举出树脂发泡体、无纺布、高分子多孔体、多孔质陶瓷等。在这些之中，从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，基材层可以为树脂发泡体或无纺布。第一基材层与第二基材层可以由相同的材料构成，也可以由不同的材料构成。
作为树脂发泡体的材料，可举出聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚氨酯(polyurethane)树脂、聚酯树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、硅酮树脂、天然橡胶、合成橡胶等。从耐热性、难燃性等观点考虑，树脂发泡体的材料可以为三聚氰胺树脂。
作为用于构成无纺布的纤维，可举出有机纤维及无机纤维。作为有机纤维，可举出聚乙烯(低密度或高密度)、聚丙烯、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烃纤维；聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸三甲二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯纤维；丙烯酸系纤维；聚酰胺纤维；耐纶纤维；嫘萦纤维；羊毛等天然纤维等。并且，作为无机纤维，可举出玻璃纤维、金属纤维、陶瓷纤维、碳纤维等。用于构成无纺布的纤维，能够包含这些中的1种或2种以上。
从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，基材层的厚度能够设为0.1～50mm，可以为0.5～20mm，也可以为2.0～20mm，也可以为2.0～10mm。第一基材层与第二基材层可以具有相同的厚度，也可以具有不同的厚度。从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，第一基材层(声音的入射侧的基材层)的厚度可以比第二基材层的厚度薄。
从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，基材层的单位面积质量能够设为10～1000g/m2，可以为30～800g/m2，也可以为30～700g/m2，也可以为50～500g/m2，也可以为150～300g/m2。第一基材层与第二基材层可以具有相同的单位面积质量，也可以具有不同的单位面积质量。
从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，基材层的密度能够设为0.005～1.0g/cm3，可以为0.010～0.50g/cm3，也可以为0.010～0.20g/cm3，也可以为0.020～0.20g/cm3，也可以为0.020～0.15g/cm3。第一基材层与第二基材层可以具有相同的密度，也可以具有不同的密度。
从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，吸声材料可以进一步具备具有连通孔的其它基材层。换言之，吸声材料除了具有连通孔的第一基材层及具有连通孔的第二基材层以外，还可以进一步具备具有连通孔的第三基材层及具有连通孔的第四基材层等。各基材层可以由相同的材料构成，也可以由不同的材料构成。
(树脂膜)
作为用于构成树脂膜的树脂，例如可举出聚乙烯(低密度或高密度)、聚丙烯、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烃系树脂；聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸三甲二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯系树脂；PTFE、FEP、PFA等氟系树脂；聚酰亚胺系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、芳纶系树脂、氯乙烯系树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚碳酸酯系树脂、聚苯硫醚系树脂、聚乙烯醇系树脂、聚苯乙烯系树脂、聚丙烯腈系树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯系树脂等。
从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，树脂膜的厚度能够设为0.5～500μm，可以为5～250μm，也可以为10～100μm。第一树脂膜与第二树脂膜可以具有相同的厚度，也可以具有不同的厚度。并且，从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，树脂膜的厚度相对于基材层的厚度的比例(基材层的厚度/树脂膜的厚度)能够设为1～20000，可以为10～10000，也可以为100～1000。
从通过调整薄膜特性来提高吸声效果的功能及赋予红外线反射的功能的观点考虑，树脂膜可以在其表面具备金属蒸镀层。换言之，吸声材料可以在上述第一树脂膜及上述第二树脂膜的至少任一表面，进一步具备金属蒸镀层。金属蒸镀层能够通过将铝、铜、锌、锌合金、银等金属进行真空蒸镀等物理蒸镀或化学蒸镀来形成。金属蒸镀层可以设置于树脂膜的双面，也可以设置于树脂膜的其中一面。
从提高低频区域的吸声效果及调整吸声频率峰的观点考虑，树脂膜可以为有孔薄膜。有孔薄膜可以具有排列成栅极状和菱形状的孔。从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，该孔可以为直径0.1～50.0mm的圆形状，也可以为直径0.2～10.0mm的圆形状，也可以为直径0.3～5.0mm的圆形状。孔的形状可以为圆形、椭圆形、长方形、多边形等。
从低频区域下的吸声特性优异的观点考虑，树脂膜可以进一步设置于具有连通孔的第一基材层与具有连通孔的第二基材层之间。并且，当吸声材料进一步具备第三基材层、第四基材层等时，树脂膜可以进一步设置于这些基材层之间。各树脂膜可以由相同的材料构成，也可以由不同的材料构成。
(黏合剂层)
吸声材料的上述各层之间可以进一步具备黏合剂层。例如，吸声材料可以在树脂膜与第一基材层之间、以及在第一基材层与第二基材层之间中的至少任一者，具备黏合剂层。作为黏合剂层，可举出包含聚酯树脂、乙酸乙烯酯树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚树脂、异丁烯-马来酸酐共聚树脂、丙烯酸系共聚树脂、丙烯酸系单体、丙烯酸系低聚物、氯乙烯树脂、聚氨酯树脂(包含湿气固化型)、硅烷化聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂、改性环氧树脂、聚乙烯树脂等聚烯烃树脂、离聚物树脂、硅酮树脂、改性硅酮树脂、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、腈橡胶等合成橡胶、异戊二烯橡胶等天然橡胶、水玻璃、硅酸盐等黏合成分的层；或由层叠物所构成的层等，该层叠物在由纸、布、树脂带、金属带等所构成的支承体的双面上具备包含这些黏合成分的层。并且，黏合剂层可以为在树脂膜的双面上具备包含上述黏合成分的层或上述层叠物的层(黏合片)。此时，作为树脂膜，能够使用上述树脂膜。各黏合剂层可以由相同的材料构成，也可以由不同的材料构成。
黏合剂层的厚度并无特别限定，能够设为0.01～500μm，可以为1～250μm。各黏合剂层可以具有相同的厚度，也可以具有不同的厚度。
从吸声特性的显现、材料的施工性、节省空间化等观点考虑，吸声材料的厚度能够设为1～100mm，可以为2～50mm，也可以为5～30mm。
吸声材料能够在1kHz以下的任一频率下，具体而言，例如在250Hz、500Hz及1kHz中的至少任一频率下，具有按照JIS A 1405-1而测得的0.3以上或0.4以上的垂直入射吸声系数。该垂直入射吸声系数在1kHz下能够设为0.3以上，也可以为0.4以上。该垂直入射吸声系数在750kHz下能够设为0.2以上，也可以为0.3以上。该垂直入射吸声系数在500kHz下能够设为0.1以上，也可以为0.15以上。
＜吸声材料的制造方法＞
吸声材料能够通过层叠各层来制造。关于吸声材料，可以如上所述在通过具备黏合剂层来将各层黏合的状态下使用，也可以在不将各层黏合的情况下使用。并且，可以仅在一部分的层间设置黏合剂层。构成吸声材料的层叠体可以在收纳于框体中的状态下使用。
＜吸声材料的用途＞
上述吸声材料的低频区域下的吸声特性优异。因此，上述吸声材料能够在汽车、铁道车辆、航空器、船舶、住宅等建筑物、电子机器、精密机械等用途中合适地使用。在此所说的低频区域能够设为频率1kHz以下的区域，也可以为800Hz以下的区域，也可以为750Hz以下的区域，也可以为500Hz以下的区域。
实施例
以下，通过实施例来更详细地说明本发明，但本发明并不受这些实施例的限定。
(基材层的准备)
准备了表1所示的基材层。
[表1]
Figure BDA0003301278400000061
Figure BDA0003301278400000062
(树脂膜的准备)
准备了下述树脂膜。
双面经铝蒸镀的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜(Al蒸镀PET)：厚度12μm
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜A(PET-A)：厚度12μm
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜B(PET-B)：厚度25μm
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜C(PET-C)：厚度50μm
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜D(PET-D)：厚度250μm
双轴延伸聚丙烯薄膜(OPP)：厚度20μm
聚乙烯薄膜(PE)：厚度25μm
(黏合剂层的准备)
准备了下述黏合剂层。
双面带A：3M Japan股份有限公司，PGD-100(0.12mm厚，基材：无纺布)
双面带B：日立化成股份有限公司，Hi-Bon 25-563(0.15mm厚，基材：Al箔)
黏合剂A：3M Japan股份有限公司，喷雾糊77号
黏合剂B：KLEBCHEMIE M.G.Becker GmbH&Co.KG公司，聚烯烃热熔树脂(966P，涂布50g/m2)
黏合剂C：KLEBCHEMIE M.G.Becker GmbH&Co.KG公司，合成橡胶热熔树脂(939S，涂布50g/m2)
黏合剂D：KLEBCHEMIE M.G.Becker GmbH&Co.KG公司，湿气固化型聚氨酯热熔树脂(PUR700.5，涂布50g/m2)
黏合片A：在上述Al蒸镀PET的双面上具备上述双面带A的黏合片
黏合片B：在上述Al蒸镀PET的双面上具备上述黏合剂A的层的黏合片
黏合片C：仓敷纺绩股份有限公司，聚烯烃热熔树脂薄片(X4300，0.05mm厚)
黏合片D：仓敷纺绩股份有限公司，聚酯薄片热熔树脂薄片(G-5，0.03mm厚)
黏合片E：仓敷纺绩股份有限公司，聚氨酯热熔树脂薄片(S-1700，0.05mm厚)
(吸声材料的制作)
制作了具有表2及表3中所示的结构的吸声材料。各层的黏合使用了双面带、黏合剂或黏合片。表中的※1中，树脂膜与第一基材层之间的黏合是使用双面带A或黏合剂A来进行，第一基材层与第二基材层之间的黏合是使用黏合片A、黏合片B或双面带B来进行。
[表2]
Figure BDA0003301278400000081
[表3]
Figure BDA0003301278400000091
(吸声材料的吸声特性评价)
按照以下来测定了所制作的各吸声材料的垂直入射吸声系数。从表2中的左侧中所记载的层侧，入射了声音。将测定结果示于表4及表5中。
装置名：4206型阻抗管(Bruel&Kjaer公司)
测定方法：垂直入射吸声系数(按照JIS A 1405-1)
测定范围：50～1600Hz
[表4]
Figure BDA0003301278400000092
[表5]
Figure BDA0003301278400000101
图2～图8是表示各实施例及比较例的垂直入射吸声系数的图。如这些图所示，可知实施例的吸声材料的低频区域下的吸声特性优异。
符号说明
1-树脂膜，2-具有连通孔的第一基材层，3-具有连通孔的第二基材层，10-吸声材料。

Claims (8)

1.一种吸声材料，其依次具备树脂膜、具有连通孔的第一基材层及具有连通孔的第二基材层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸声材料，其中，
所述第一基材层及所述第二基材层为树脂发泡体或无纺布。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸声材料，其中，
所述第一基材层的厚度比所述第二基材层的厚度薄。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的吸声材料，其中，
所述树脂膜由聚烯烃、聚酯或聚酰胺构成。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的吸声材料，其中，
在所述树脂膜的至少任一表面，进一步具备金属蒸镀层。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的吸声材料，其中，
在所述树脂膜与所述第一基材层之间、以及在所述第一基材层与所述第二基材层之间中的至少任一者，进一步具备黏合剂层。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的吸声材料，其厚度为1～100mm。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的吸声材料，其在1kHz以下的任一频率下，具有按照JIS A 1405-1而测得的0.3以上的垂直入射吸声系数。
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EP3958252A1 (en) 2022-02-23
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EP3958252A4 (en) 2022-06-08
US20220165244A1 (en) 2022-05-26

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