WO2020191922A1 - 一种推链式混凝土喷射机 - Google Patents
一种推链式混凝土喷射机 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020191922A1 WO2020191922A1 PCT/CN2019/090458 CN2019090458W WO2020191922A1 WO 2020191922 A1 WO2020191922 A1 WO 2020191922A1 CN 2019090458 W CN2019090458 W CN 2019090458W WO 2020191922 A1 WO2020191922 A1 WO 2020191922A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- feeding
- chain
- screw shaft
- hopper
- silo
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of concrete spraying equipment, in particular to a concrete spraying integrated machine with push chain feeding.
- Concrete spraying is inseparable in the construction of coal mine roadways, railways and tunnels.
- concrete spraying machines used in concrete spraying technology mainly include rotor type, rotor piston type, plunger type and push chain type, but there is currently no concrete collection Mixing, mixing, feeding and spraying are integrated into the sprayer.
- Most concrete sprayers use manual ratio, manual mixing or mixer mixing, and then use the manual feeding process.
- This feeding method is time-consuming and laborious, and the construction personnel
- the labor intensity is relatively high, and the moving process is difficult due to the heavy concrete spraying equipment. Therefore, the market needs a concrete spraying unit that integrates concrete proportioning, mixing, feeding and spraying, and is convenient to walk.
- the present invention provides a push-chain type concrete sprayer.
- the specific technical scheme is as follows:
- a push-chain concrete spraying machine includes a frame, a walking mechanism, a shotcrete mechanism, a screw feeding mechanism and a hydraulic mechanism; the walking mechanism and the frame are fixedly connected, the shotcrete mechanism is arranged on the frame, and the screw feeding mechanism and The hopper of the spraying mechanism is connected; the spraying mechanism includes a driving sprocket base, a driven sprocket base, a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, a chain, a piston, a hopper, a cylinder, an air inlet, a spray port and a cylinder Support seat, driving sprocket and driven sprocket
- a chain is arranged between the chain, a plurality of pistons are evenly arranged on the chain, the chain and the piston pass through the cylinder fixed on the cylinder support seat, and the air inlet and the injection port are arranged on the cylinder;
- the screw feeding mechanism includes the feeding Base, feeder trough, main screw shaft, feeding screw shaft and bin, feeder trough is fixed on feeder base, bin is set above feeder trough, bin and feeder trough are connected
- the main screw shaft is set in the feeder groove, and the feeding screw shaft is set at the bottom of the bin.
- the walking mechanism includes a crawler; the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket of the shotcrete mechanism are fixed on the chassis of the frame, and the driving sprocket is seated and installed on the base of the driving sprocket through the bearing and the bearing, and the driven chain The wheel is mounted on the base of the driven sprocket through the bearing and the bearing seat.
- the hopper of the spraying mechanism is connected to the feeder trough, the bottom of the feeder trough of the screw feed mechanism is provided with a discharging port, and the side where the hopper and the feeder trough are connected is provided with a notch, the discharging port Inside the hopper.
- the driven sprocket base of the spraying mechanism is provided with a sliding support seat, the tension wheel is connected to the sliding support seat through a tension shaft, and the driven sprocket is installed on the sliding support seat.
- the main screw shaft of the screw feeding mechanism and the gear at the end of the feeding screw shaft are connected by a transmission chain, and a tension gear is also provided between the main screw shaft and the gear at the end of the feeding screw shaft through the gear and the transmission chain. Adjusting the transmission ratio can realize the proportioning function of aggregate, cement and quick-setting agent.
- the main screw shaft rotates during the feeding process, and the material is stirred evenly in the feeder tank.
- the silo of the screw feeding mechanism includes a cement silo, an accelerator silo, and an aggregate silo
- the feeding screw shaft rotates at the bottom of the cement silo and the accelerator silo
- the cement silo and the accelerator The coagulant silo is connected with the feeder trough; the main screw shaft rotates in the feeder trough, and the aggregate silo is connected with the feeder trough.
- the sections on the main screw shaft are provided with threads with unequal pitches, and the sections on the feed screw shaft are provided with threads with unequal pitches; the outer diameter of the threads on the main screw shaft is larger than that on the feed screw shaft. The outer diameter of the thread.
- the spraying mechanism and the screw feeding mechanism are respectively driven by hydraulic motors; the spraying machine hydraulic motor of the spraying mechanism is arranged on the side of the driving sprocket base; the feeding hydraulic motor of the screw feeding mechanism is arranged on the feeding Below the machine slot.
- the hydraulic system includes a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic oil tank, a motor and a hydraulic directional valve, the hydraulic oil tank is fixed at the bottom of the screw feeding mechanism, the hydraulic oil pump is installed above the motor through a pump frame, and the motor is installed on the oil tank through a fixing frame.
- the hydraulic oil pump is inserted into the oil tank, and the hydraulic oil pump is specifically a double pump.
- the push chain concrete sprayer provided by the present invention realizes the proportioning of materials through the screw feeding mechanism, and the materials are directly stirred through the main screw shaft during the proportioning process, and the materials are directly sent to the shotcrete after the mixing is uniform
- the hopper of the mechanism completes the feeding, and the shotcrete mechanism completes the concrete spraying through the combination of the chain and the piston, which realizes the combination of proportioning, mixing, feeding and spraying functions.
- the push-chain concrete sprayer adopts a crawler walking mechanism, which can make the movement of the concrete spraying mechanism more convenient; adopts full hydraulic control to make the equipment more compact and eliminate problems caused by overload; place the chain drive unit on top At the top of the feeder, the hydraulic motor is placed at the bottom of the feeder, thereby reducing the feeding height.
- the concrete spraying machine uses different screw feeds for aggregate, cement and accelerator, and controls the transmission ratio through a chain drive, and integrates the concrete spraying machine and the screw feeder to solve the problem of the concrete spraying machine The problem of rational design of the overall structure.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a push-chain concrete sprayer
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the push-chain concrete sprayer
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shotcrete mechanism
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the driven sprocket
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screw feeding mechanism
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the gear structure of the screw feeding mechanism
- Figure 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the main screw shaft
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding screw shaft
- Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic pump and hydraulic oil tank structure
- Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the motor structure
- a push-chain concrete spraying machine is specifically shown in Fig. 1, and specifically includes a frame 1, a traveling mechanism 3, a shotcrete mechanism 2, a screw feeding mechanism 4, and a hydraulic mechanism 5.
- the traveling mechanism 3 is fixedly connected with the frame 1
- the shotcrete mechanism 2 is arranged on the frame 1
- the screw feeding mechanism 4 is connected with the hopper of the shotcrete mechanism 2, and the hydraulic mechanism 5 provides power for each mechanism.
- the concrete spraying machine realizes the proportioning of materials through the screw feeding mechanism 4. At the same time, the materials are directly stirred through the main screw shaft during the proportioning process, and the materials are directly sent to the hopper of the spraying mechanism to complete the feeding after the mixing is uniform.
- the shotcrete mechanism 2 completes the concrete spraying through the combination of a chain and a piston, and finally realizes the combination of proportioning, mixing, feeding and spraying functions.
- a crawler walking mechanism is adopted to make the concrete shotcrete mechanism move more convenient.
- the spraying mechanism 2 specifically includes a driving sprocket base 201, a driven sprocket base 202, a driving sprocket 203, a driven sprocket 204, a chain 205, a piston 206, a hopper 207, a cylinder 208, an air inlet 209, and a spray material
- the port 210 and the cylinder support seat 211 are shown in FIG. 3.
- the driving sprocket base 201 and the driven sprocket base 202 of the shotcrete mechanism are fixed on the chassis of the frame 1, the driving sprocket 203 is seated and installed on the driving sprocket base 201 through bearings and bearings, and the driven sprocket 204 is passed through the bearings.
- the bearing seat is mounted on the driven sprocket base 202.
- a chain 205 is arranged between the driving sprocket 203 and the driven sprocket 204, and a plurality of pistons 206 are evenly arranged on the chain 205.
- the chain 205 and the pistons 206 pass through the cylinder 208 fixed on the cylinder support seat 211, and the driving chain
- the wheel 203 drives the chain 205 and the piston 206 to rotate, and the piston 206 pushes the concrete falling from the hopper 207 into the cylinder to move.
- the air inlet 209 and the injection port 210 are arranged on the cylinder 208, specifically the hopper 207 is arranged above the cylinder 208, the air inlet 209 is also arranged above the cylinder 208, and the material injection port 210 and the air inlet are arranged oppositely ,
- the injection port 210 is arranged below the cylinder 208.
- the piston 206 of the spraying mechanism 2 is fixed on the chain 205 in a cylindrical shape.
- a piston 206 is fixed on the chain 205 every 20 to 30 cm, and a rubber sealing ring is arranged on the circumference of the piston 206 to ensure that the cylinder is sprayed. The tightness.
- the tooth grooves on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are matched with the piston and the chain to ensure the effective transmission of the chain.
- the hopper 207 of the shotcrete mechanism 2 is connected to the feeder trough 42.
- the bottom of the feeder trough 42 of the screw feeder mechanism 4 is provided with a discharging port.
- the main screw shaft 43 of the screw feeder mechanism 4 rotates and pushes down. After the materials are evenly mixed, they fall directly into the hopper 207 of the spraying mechanism through the discharge port.
- a gap is provided on the side where the hopper and the feeder tank are connected.
- the discharge port is inside the hopper, so that the evenly mixed materials can be directly dropped through the hopper Into the cylinder, the feeder trough 42 is arranged obliquely, so that the overall structure of the device is more compact, and the overall volume of the integrated machine is reduced, which is convenient for use in underground and tunnels.
- the driven sprocket base 202 of the shotcrete mechanism 2 is provided with a sliding support base 214.
- the tensioning wheel 212 is connected to the sliding supporting base 214 through a tension shaft 213, and the driven sprocket 204 is mounted on the sliding support Seat 214.
- the specific structure of the sliding support base 214 is shown in FIG. 4.
- the tensioning wheel 212 rotates to drive the tension shaft 213 and the sliding support base 214 to move horizontally, thereby changing the gap between the axles of the driving sprocket 203 and the driven sprocket 204. Distance, so that the sprocket is tensioned, to ensure the normal movement of the sprocket, and prevent the chain from falling or jamming.
- the screw feeding mechanism 4 specifically includes a feeding machine base 41, a feeding machine groove 42, a main screw shaft 43, a feeding screw shaft 44, and a bin 45, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8.
- the feeder trough 42 is fixed on the feeder base 41
- the silo 45 is arranged above the feeder trough 42
- the silo 45 is in communication with the feeder trough 42
- the main screw shaft 43 is set on the feeder trough 42
- the feeding screw shaft 44 is arranged at the bottom of the bin 45.
- the screw feeding mechanism 4 feeds aggregates, cement and accelerators with different screw threads, and controls the transmission ratio through a chain drive, and controls the mixing ratio of the materials.
- the main screw shaft 43 of the screw feeding mechanism 4 and the gear 46 at the end of the feeding screw shaft are connected by a transmission chain.
- a tension gear 47 is also provided between the main screw shaft 43 and the gear at the end of the feeding screw shaft 44. 47 to ensure the efficiency of gear transmission.
- the gears at the ends of the main screw shaft 43 and the feeding screw shaft 44 can be replaced, so the size of the gear can be changed, and the transmission ratio can be adjusted through the gear and the transmission chain, so as to realize the aggregate, cement and accelerator
- the silo 45 of the screw feeding mechanism 4 may specifically include a cement silo 451, an accelerator silo 452, and an aggregate silo 453.
- the feeding screw shaft 44 rotates at the bottom of the cement silo 451 and the accelerator silo 452.
- the cement silo 451 and the accelerator silo 452 are in communication with the loader tank 42; the main screw shaft 43 rotates in the loader tank 42, and the aggregate silo 453 is in communication with the loader tank 42.
- the feeding screw shaft 44 is divided into an accelerator screw section and a cement screw section. According to the proportioning relationship, the accelerator screw section and the cement screw section are set with different pitches, and the outer diameters are not equal. The outer diameter of the cement screw section And the pitch is larger than the spiral section of accelerator.
- the sections on the main screw shaft 43 of the screw feeding mechanism 4 are provided with threads with unequal pitches, and the sections on the feeding screw shaft 44 are provided with threads with unequal pitches.
- the pitch, lead, and external thread diameter of the screw on the screw shaft are designed according to the length of the silo 45 and the effective length of the screw shaft in each silo.
- the outer diameter of the thread on the main screw shaft 43 is larger than that on the feed screw shaft. The outer diameter, which can ensure the transmission of the mixed material by the main screw shaft.
- the walking mechanism 3 includes a crawler belt 31, and a crawler-type walking mechanism is adopted, so that the concrete shotcrete mechanism can be moved more conveniently.
- the hydraulic system 5 includes a hydraulic oil pump 51, a hydraulic oil tank 52, a motor 53 and a hydraulic reversing valve.
- the hydraulic oil tank 52 is fixed at the bottom of the screw feeding mechanism 4, and the hydraulic oil pump 51 is installed on a pump frame.
- the motor 53 Above the motor 53, the motor 53 is installed above the hydraulic oil tank 52 through a fixing frame; the hydraulic oil pump 51 is inserted into the oil tank, and the hydraulic oil pump 51 is specifically a double pump.
- the shotcrete mechanism 2 and the screw feeding mechanism 4 are respectively driven by hydraulic motors and adopt full hydraulic control to make the equipment more compact and eliminate problems caused by overload.
- the spraying machine hydraulic motor of the spraying mechanism 2 is arranged on the side of the driving sprocket base, and the feeding hydraulic motor of the screw feeding mechanism 4 is arranged under the feeding machine slot.
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Abstract
一种推链式混凝土喷射机，涉及混凝土喷射设备技术领域，包括机架(1)、行走机构(3)、喷浆机构(2)、螺旋上料机构(4)和液压机构(5)，行走机构和机架固定，喷浆机构设置在机架上，螺旋上料机构和喷浆机构的料斗(207)相连，行走机构包括履带(31)，喷浆机构的主动链轮底座(201)和从动链轮底座(202)之间设置有链条(205)，链条上均匀布置有活塞(206)，链条和活塞穿过缸筒支撑座(211)上固定的缸筒(208)；螺旋上料机构包括上料机座(41)、上料机槽(42)、主螺旋轴(43)、送料螺旋轴(44)和料仓(45)，上料机槽固定在上料机座上，主螺旋轴设置在上料机槽内，送料螺旋轴设置在料仓底部，主螺旋轴和送料螺旋轴上分段设计有不同的螺距和导程。该喷射机实现了配比、搅拌、上料和混凝土喷射的功能，并且具有移动灵活、结构紧凑等优点。
Description
本发明涉及混凝土喷射设备技术领域，尤其是一种推链式送料的混凝土喷射一体机。
在煤矿巷道以及铁路、隧道建设过程中离不开混凝土喷射，目前用于混凝土喷射工艺的混凝土喷射机主要有转子式、转子活塞式、柱塞式和推链式，但是目前没有一种集混凝土配比、搅拌、上料以及喷射于一体的喷射机，混凝土喷射机大都采用人工配比，人工搅拌或者搅拌机搅拌，然后采用人工上料过程，这种上料方式耗时费力，并且施工人员的劳动强度较大，由于混凝土喷射的设备较重，移机过程困难。因此，市场需要一种集混凝土配比、搅拌、上料以及喷射于一体，并且行走方便的混凝土喷射机组。
发明概述
问题的解决方案
为实现混凝土喷射机配比、搅拌、上料和喷射功能的结合，本发明提供了一种推链式混凝土喷射机，具体技术方案如下：
一种推链式混凝土喷射机，包括机架、行走机构、喷浆机构、螺旋上料机构和液压机构；行走机构和机架固定连接，喷浆机构设置在机架上，螺旋上料机构和喷浆机构的料斗相连；喷浆机构包括主动链轮底座、从动链轮底座、主动链轮、从动链轮、链条、活塞、料斗、缸筒、进气口、喷料口和缸筒支撑座，主动链轮和从动链轮
之间设置有链条，链条上均匀布置有多个活塞，链条和活塞穿过缸筒支撑座上固定的缸筒，进气口和喷料口设置在缸筒上；螺旋上料机构包括上料机座、上料机槽、主螺旋轴、送料螺旋轴和料仓，上料机槽固定在上料机座上，料仓设 置在上料机槽的上方，料仓和上料机槽相连通，主螺旋轴设置在上料机槽内，送料螺旋轴设置在料仓底部。
优选的是，行走机构包括履带；所述喷浆机构的主动链轮和从动链轮固定在机架的底盘上，主动链轮通过轴承和轴承坐安装在主动链轮底座上，从动链轮通过轴承和轴承坐安装在从动链轮底座上。
优选的是，喷浆机构的料斗和上料机槽相连，螺旋上料机构的上料机槽的底部设置有下料口，料斗和上料机槽连接的一侧设置有缺口，下料口在料斗内部。
优选的是，喷浆机构的从动链轮底座上设置有滑动支撑座，张紧轮通过张紧轴和滑动支撑座相连，从动链轮安装在滑动支撑座上。
优选的是，螺旋上料机构的主螺旋轴和送料螺旋轴端部的齿轮通过传动链相连，主螺旋轴和送料螺旋轴端部的齿轮之间还设置有张紧齿轮，通过齿轮和传动链调整传动比，从而可以实现骨料、水泥和速凝剂的配比功能，同时上料的过程中主螺旋轴转动，物料在上料机槽内被搅拌均匀。
进一步优选的是，螺旋上料机构的料仓包括水泥料仓、速凝剂料仓和骨料料仓，送料螺旋轴在水泥料仓和速凝剂料仓的底部转动，水泥料仓和速凝剂料仓与上料机槽相连通；主螺旋轴在上料机槽内转动，骨料料仓与上料机槽相连通。
进一步优选的是，主螺旋轴上的分段设置有螺距大小不相等的螺纹，送料螺旋轴上的分段设置有螺距大小不相等的螺纹；主螺旋轴上的螺纹外径大于送料螺旋轴上的螺纹外径。
还优选的是，喷浆机构和螺旋上料机构分别通过液压马达驱动；喷浆机构的喷浆机液压马达设置在主动链轮底座的侧面；螺旋上料机构的上料液压马达设置在上料机槽的下方。
还进一步优选的是，液压系统包括液压油泵、液压油箱、电机和液压换向阀，液压油箱固定在螺旋上料机构的底部，液压油泵通过泵架安装在电机上方，电机通过固定架安装在油箱上方；液压油泵插入油箱内部，液压油泵具体为双联泵。
发明的有益效果
本发明的有益效果包括：
(1)本发明提供的推链式混凝土喷射机通过螺旋上料机构实现了物料的配比，同时物料在配比的过程中直接通过主螺旋轴进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后物料直接送至喷浆机构的料斗内完成上料，喷浆机构通过链条和活塞组合完成混凝土喷射，实现了配比、搅拌、上料和喷射功能的结合。
(2)推链式混凝土喷射机采用履带式行走机构，从而可以使混凝土喷浆机构移动更加方便；采用全液压控制，使设备更加紧凑，并消除过载造成的问题；将链传动单元放在上料机顶部，液压马达置于上料机底部，从而降低了上料高度。
(3)混凝土喷射机将骨料、水泥和速凝剂采用不同螺纹的螺旋给料，并通过链传动控制传动比，并将混凝土喷射机和螺旋上料机集成一体，解决了混凝土喷射一体机整体架构合理设计的问题。
对附图的简要说明
图1是推链式混凝土喷射机结构示意图；
图2是推链式混凝土喷射机一侧的结构示意图；
图3是喷浆机构的结构示意图；
图4是从动链轮的安装结构示意图；
图5是螺旋上料机构的结构示意图；
图6是螺旋上料机构的齿轮结构示意图；
图7是主螺旋轴的结构示意图；
图8是送料螺旋轴的结构示意图；
图9是液压泵和液压油箱结构示意图；
图10是电机结构示意图；
图中：1-机架；2-喷浆机构；201-主动链轮底座；202-从动链轮底座；203-主动链轮；204-从动链轮；205-链条；206-活塞；207-料斗；208-缸筒；209-进气口；210-喷料口；211-缸筒支撑座；212-张紧轮；213-张紧轴；214-滑动支撑座；3-行走机构；31-履带；4-螺旋上料机构；41-上料机座；42-上料机槽；43-主 螺旋轴；44-送料螺旋轴；45-料仓；451-水泥料仓；452-速凝剂料仓；453-骨料料仓；46-齿轮；47-张紧齿轮；5-液压机构；51-液压油泵；52-液压油箱；53-电机。
发明实施例
结合图1至图10所示，本发明提供的一种推链式混凝土喷射机具体实施方式如下。
一种推链式混凝土喷射机具体如图1所示，具体包括机架1、行走机构3、喷浆机构2、螺旋上料机构4和液压机构5。行走机构3和机架1固定连接，喷浆机构2设置在机架1上，螺旋上料机构4和喷浆机构2的料斗相连，液压机构5为各机构提供动力。该混凝土喷射机通过螺旋上料机构4实现了物料的配比，同时物料在配比的过程中直接通过主螺旋轴进行搅拌，搅拌均匀后物料直接送至喷浆机构的料斗内完成上料，喷浆机构2通过链条和活塞组合完成混凝土喷射，最终实现了配比、搅拌、上料和喷射功能的结合，另外采用履带式行走机构，从而可以使混凝土喷浆机构移动更加方便。
喷浆机构2具体包括主动链轮底座201、从动链轮底座202、主动链轮203、从动链轮204、链条205、活塞206、料斗207、缸筒208、进气口209、喷料口210和缸筒支撑座211，如图3所示。喷浆机构的主动链轮底座201和从动链轮底座202固定在机架1的底盘上，主动链轮203通过轴承和轴承坐安装在主动链轮底座201上，从动链轮204通过轴承和轴承坐安装在从动链轮底座202上。在主动链轮203和从动链轮204之间设置有链条205，链条205上均匀布置有多个活塞206，链条205和活塞206穿过缸筒支撑座211上固定的缸筒208，主动链轮203带动链条205和活塞206转动，活塞206推动从料斗207落入缸筒内的混凝土运动。进气口209和喷料口210设置在缸筒208上，具体是料斗207设置在缸筒208上方，进气口209也设置在缸筒208的上方，喷料口210和进气口相对布置，喷料口210设置在缸筒208下方。
喷浆机构2的活塞206呈圆柱状固定在链条205上，在链条205上每隔20～30cm固定一个活塞206，并且在活塞206的圆周上设置有橡胶密封圈，保证喷浆时缸筒 内的密封性。另外在主动链轮和从动链轮上的齿槽均与活塞和链条相互配合，从而能够保证链条的有效传动。
喷浆机构2的料斗207和上料机槽42相连，螺旋上料机构4的上料机槽42的底部设置有下料口，在螺旋上料机构4的主螺旋轴43转动送料推送下，物料混合均匀后通过下料口直接落入喷浆机构的料斗207，料斗和上料机槽连接的一侧设置有缺口，下料口在料斗内部，从而可以直接将搅拌均匀的物料通过料斗落入缸筒内，另外上料机槽42倾斜布置，从而使装置整体的结构更为紧凑，缩小了一体机整体的体积，方便在井下和巷道内使用。
喷浆机构2的从动链轮底座202上设置有滑动支撑座214，如图4所示，张紧轮212通过张紧轴213和滑动支撑座214相连，从动链轮204安装在滑动支撑座214上。滑动支撑座214的具体结构如图4所示，通过张紧轮212转动，带动张紧轴213和滑动支撑座214水平移动，从而改变主动链轮203和从动链轮204的轮轴之间的距离，从而使链轮张紧，保证链轮的正常运动，防止掉链或卡链。
螺旋上料机构4具体包括上料机座41、上料机槽42、主螺旋轴43、送料螺旋轴44和料仓45，如图5至图8所示。上料机槽42固定在上料机座41上，料仓45设置在上料机槽42的上方，料仓45和上料机槽42相连通，主螺旋轴43设置在上料机槽42内，送料螺旋轴44设置在料仓45底部。螺旋上料机构4将骨料、水泥和速凝剂采用不同螺纹的螺旋给料，并通过链传动控制传动比，控制物料的配比混合。
螺旋上料机构4的主螺旋轴43和送料螺旋轴端部的齿轮46通过传动链相连，主螺旋轴43和送料螺旋轴44端部的齿轮之间还设置有张紧齿轮47，张紧齿轮47保证齿轮传动的效率，主螺旋轴43和送料螺旋轴44端部的齿轮可以更换，因此可以改变齿轮的大小，通过齿轮和传动链调整传动比，从而可以实现骨料、水泥和速凝剂的配比功能，同时上料的过程中主螺旋轴转动，物料在上料机槽内被搅拌均匀。
螺旋上料机构4的料仓45具体可以包括水泥料仓451、速凝剂料仓452和骨料料仓453，送料螺旋轴44在水泥料仓451和速凝剂料仓452的底部转动，水泥料仓451和速凝剂料仓452与上料机槽42相连通；主螺旋轴43在上料机槽42内转动，骨料料仓453与上料机槽42相连通。送料螺旋轴44分为速凝剂螺旋段和水泥螺旋段 ，根据配比关系，速凝剂螺旋段和水泥螺旋段设置有不同的螺距，并且外直径大小也不相等，水泥螺旋段的外直径和螺距均大于速凝剂螺旋段。
螺旋上料机构4的主螺旋轴43上的分段设置有螺距大小不相等的螺纹，送料螺旋轴44上的分段设置有螺距大小不相等的螺纹。具体是根据料仓45的长度和螺旋轴在各个料仓内的有效长度设计螺旋轴上螺旋的螺距、导程以及外螺纹直径，主螺旋轴43上的螺纹外径大于送料螺旋轴上的螺纹外径，从而可以保证主螺旋轴对混合物料的传送。
行走机构3包括履带31，采用了履带式行走机构，从而可以使混凝土喷浆机构移动更加方便。
液压系统5包括液压油泵51、液压油箱52、电机53和液压换向阀，如图9和图10所示，液压油箱52固定在螺旋上料机构4的底部，液压油泵51通过泵架安装在电机53上方，电机53通过固定架安装在液压油箱52上方；液压油泵51插入油箱内部，液压油泵51具体为双联泵。喷浆机构2和螺旋上料机构4分别通过液压马达驱动，采用全液压控制，使设备更加紧凑，并消除过载造成的问题。喷浆机构2的喷浆机液压马达设置在主动链轮底座的侧面，螺旋上料机构4的上料液压马达设置在上料机槽的下方。
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
- 一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，包括机架、行走机构、喷浆机构、螺旋上料机构和液压机构，所述行走机构和机架固定连接，喷浆机构设置在机架上，螺旋上料机构和喷浆机构的料斗相连；所述喷浆机构包括主动链轮底座、从动链轮底座、主动链轮、从动链轮、链条、活塞、料斗、缸筒、进气口、喷料口和缸筒支撑座，所述主动链轮和从动链轮之间设置有链条，链条上均匀布置有多个活塞，链条和活塞穿过缸筒支撑座上固定的缸筒，进气口和喷料口设置在缸筒上；所述螺旋上料机构包括上料机座、上料机槽、主螺旋轴、送料螺旋轴和料仓，所述上料机槽固定在上料机座上，料仓设置在上料机槽的上方，料仓和上料机槽相连通，主螺旋轴设置在上料机槽内，送料螺旋轴设置在料仓底部。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述行走机构包括履带；所述喷浆机构的主动链轮底座和从动链轮底座固定在机架的底盘上，主动链轮通过轴承和轴承坐安装在主动链轮底座上，从动链轮通过轴承和轴承坐安装在从动链轮底座上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述喷浆机构的料斗和上料机槽相连，螺旋上料机构的上料机槽的底部设置有下料口，所述料斗和上料机槽连接的一侧设置有缺口，下料口在料斗内部。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述喷浆机构的从动链轮底座上设置有滑动支撑座，张紧轮通过张紧轴和滑动支撑座相连，从动链轮安装在滑动支撑座上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述螺旋上料机构的主螺旋轴和送料螺旋轴端部的齿轮通过传动链相连，主螺旋轴和送料螺旋轴端部的齿轮之间还设置有张紧齿轮 。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述螺旋上料机构的料仓包括水泥料仓、速凝剂料仓和骨料料仓，送料螺旋轴在水泥料仓和速凝剂料仓的底部转动，水泥料仓和速凝剂料仓与上料机槽相连通；主螺旋轴在上料机槽内转动，骨料料仓与上料机槽相连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述主螺旋轴上的分段设置有螺距大小不相等的螺纹，所述送料螺旋轴上的分段设置有螺距大小不相等的螺纹；所述主螺旋轴上的螺纹外径大于送料螺旋轴上的螺纹外径。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述喷浆机构和螺旋上料机构分别通过液压马达驱动；喷浆机构的喷浆机液压马达设置在主动链轮底座的侧面；螺旋上料机构的上料液压马达设置在上料机槽的下方。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种推链式混凝土喷射机，其特征在于，所述液压系统包括液压油泵、液压油箱、电机和液压换向阀，所述液压油箱固定在螺旋上料机构的底部，所述液压油泵通过泵架安装在电机上方，所述电机通过固定架安装在油箱上方；所述液压油泵插入油箱内部，所述液压油泵具体为双联泵。
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